Local, Popular, Folk Culture. Culture Society’s collective beliefs, symbols, values, forms of...
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Transcript of Local, Popular, Folk Culture. Culture Society’s collective beliefs, symbols, values, forms of...
Local, Popular, Folk Culture
Culture
• Society’s collective beliefs, symbols, values, forms of behavior, and social organizations, together with its tools, structures, and artifacts created according to the group’s condition of life; transmitted as a heritage to succeeding generation
Culture
Values
Political Institution
Material Artifacts
TYPES OF DIFFUSION
• Expansion Diffusion – idea or innovation spreads outward from the hearth• Contagious – spreads adjacently + rapidly• Hierarchical – spreads to most linked
people or places first.• Stimulus – idea promote a local experiment
or change in the way people do things.* Relocation Diffusion – spread of an idea through physical
movement of people from one place to another
Habit vs Custom
• Habit – A repetitive act that a particular individual
performs• Custom– A repetitive act of a group
habit custom
Folk Culture vs Popular Culture
Folk Culture• Traditionally practiced
primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolation
• Change little over time• More likely to have more
variance from place to place• Spread by relocation
diffusion
Popular Culture• Large, hetorgeneous
societies that share certain habits
• Modern communications facilitate frequent changes in popular customs
• In some manner for sale• Mass produced
Isolationism
• The key to keeping Folk culture is being Isolated.
• Few folk groups escape some interaction with the larger world
• Most commonly, the folk absorb ideas filtering down from popular culture
• The more contact the more that Popular culture influences the Folk
SIMON HARRISON
• Local or Folk Cultures have two goals– Keeping other cultures out– Keeping their culture in
• To much contact leads to Contamination and Extinction
• Cultural Appropriation: The process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit
Cultural Appropriation
English Modern Rock music
Commodification
• The process through which something that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought or sold becomes an object bought, sold, or traded
Rural Isolation Delays Diffusion
• Anabaptist groups live in rural areas of US– From Pennsylvania to South Dakota
• Anabaptist believe in Adult Baptism• Amish, Hutterites, Mennonites • Pulled to Pennsylvania in the 1700’s for
religious Tolerance and affordable farm land• Later groups had to move further West for
more affordable land
Despite Desire to be Isolated
• http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/10052007/watch4.html
MUSIC
• Folk– Multiple hearths– Anonymous sources
– Folk songs tell a story or convey information about an activity like farming, life cycle or events
• Popular– Written by an individual
for the purpose of being sold to a large number
– High degree of technical skill
Country Music
• Roots in the 1920’s – Sung Spirituals as one of the roots– Believed to come from Kentucky, Tennessee, West
Virginia, and Texas• Nashville is seen as the Hearth
Bluegrass Music
• Related to Country music – 1940’s– Appalachian highland region to Ozark Mountains– Hearth is considered to be in Kentucky
• Washboards, Fiddles, & Banjos
Blues
• Traces history back to Africa– Hearth is considered to be Mississippi Delta
region, New Orleans– Combination of Spirituals and working chants from
the fields• Blues is considered to be the father of Jazz
Tejano Music
• Named for the Tex-Mex Music• High Energy music with guitars and mariachi-
style• Style of Latino music in America• Selena is given credit for helping making this
music so popular in USA
Polka Music
• Upper Midwest origins– North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ohio– Brought to USA from Scandinavia, Poland, and
Germany
Motown
• Originates in Detroit– Urban music of the 1950’s and 60’s– primarily feature African-American artists who
achieved crossover success– “Crafted with an ear towards pop appeal, the Motown
Sound was typified by: the use of tambourines to accent the back beat, prominent and often melodic electric bass guitar lines, distinctive melodic and chord structures, and a call and response singing style that originated in gospel music.”
HIP HOP
• CLIVE CAMPBELL OTHER WISE KNOWN AS "DJ KOOL HERC" WAS BORN IN KINGSTON JAMAICA, – THE FATHER OF HIP HOP
CULTURE• DJ KOOL HERC first plays
at sister’s birthday party Bronx NY - 1973
HIP HOP
• “THE ZULU NATION” WAS FOUNDED BY “AFRIKA BAMBAATA” first BBoy group
• 1975
DJ GRAND WIZARD THEODORE" INVENTS THE SCRATCH WHILE TRYING TO HOLD A RECORD IN PLACE WHILE HIS MOTHER WAS YELLING AT HIM. THE NEEDLE WAS STILL ON THE RECORD SO IT MADE THAT SHIGA SHIGA SOUND WHICH HE LATER ON TURNED INTO THE SCRATCH.
HIP HOP
• From 1973 till 1979 DJ Kool Herc with microphone help from Coke La Rock and Clark Kent plays local parties and some clubs.
• The style spread to all 5 parts of NY
A Step Toward Popular Culture
• 1979 the music style made a huge step toward Popular Culture – The first hip hop recording is widely regarded to
be Sugar Hill Gang's Rapper's Delight, from 1979
HIP HOP goes National then International
• During the 80’s HIP HOP begins to spread around the country
• MTV began in 1981• Predominately still only made in NY the music
genre was spreading• 1983-1984 the early records of Run-D.M.C.
and LL Cool J.
Early Peak of NY HIP HOP
• Public Enemy 1988 album “It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back”
Hip Hop goes West
• Gangsta rap • In 1988, N.W.A. released Straight Outta
Compton, which formalised the style, as well as cementing Los Angeles as its main centre
http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com
Go to Genre Hip Hop
Folk Culture includes Sports
• Cricket• Ice Hockey• Basketball• Lacrosse• Baseball
Cricket
ICE HOCKEY
Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover, such as Canada, the northern United States, the Nordic countries (especially Sweden and Finland), Russia, the Baltic States, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia
Ice Hockey
Basketball begins as a way to get exercise during the winter at the YMCA
Baseball
• Was a Folk culture game but has grown and spread to many parts of the world.
• Generally when people begin to pay for the privilege to view sports make them less part of Folk culture and more part of the Popular Culture
• Baseball becomes more and more global• http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/20
07/07/ghana_baseball.html
Folk Culture includes Sports
• Soccer started as a folk culture but now is the worlds most popular sport in the world.– Many of the branches of Soccer remain parts of
Folk Cultures
Soccer
American Football
Gaelic Football
Australian Football
RUGBY
Side effect of POPULAR CULTURE
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/video/flv/generic.html?s=frol02p70&continuous=1
Local vs Popular Culture
• The Great struggle is to keep local culture local • While contact with Popular culture drives to
take an idea global or at the very least popular beyond the local
• Geographer Edward Relph coined the word Placelessness to describe the loss of uniqueness– One place begins to look just like the next
Pizzeria Uno's Chicago Grill in New Hartford, NY
Pizzeria Uno - birthplace of Deep dish pizza Chicago
Where is this Strip
What is this called?
Homes
Folk culture and the home you live in
What kind of House you live in reflects your culture
Building materials
• Environmental conditions influence choice of construction materials– Climate– Vegetation
How is this vernacular architecture (folk architecture) suited to its environment? (house from Orchid Island, near Taiwan)
• readily available materials
• form responds to climate and weather patterns
the “dogtrot”
What kinds of environmental adaptation can you identify?
How else could you build a house to do the same thing?
Sedentary subsistence farming peoples of adjacent highlands, oases, and river valleys of the Old World zone
Rely principally on earthen constructionSun-dried (adobe) bricksPounded earthIn more prosperous regions, kiln-baked bricks are available
Northern New Mexico
Pre-Columbian “condo”
Suited to dry climate with cold, sunny winters
Pueblo Architecture
• Shifting cultivators of tropical rain forests build houses of poles and leaves
• People in the tropical grasslands, especially in Africa, construct thatched houses from coarse grasses and thorn bushes
Building materials
• Housing in the middle and higher latitudes– Houses made of wood where timber is abundant– In the United States, log cabins and later frame
houses– Folk houses of northern Europe and in the
mountains of eastern Australia are made of wood
What elements of the Quebec farmhouse respond to climate?
Do any elements seem to respond more to social factors?