Local Policy I Session Name: Local Policy I Coastal Hazards Management Course I. Introduction What...

Local Policy I

Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course

I. Introduction

• What Do We Mean By “Local Policy”

• General Police Power

Session Outline

Slide 35.1

Local Policy I


II. Fundamental Powers of Local Governments

• Regulation

• Acquisition

• Taxation

• Spending

• Education

III. Planning

Session Outline

Slide 35.2

Local Policy I


IV. Types of Land Use Regulations

• Zoning Ordinances

• Subdivision Ordinances

• Building Codes

• Flood Damage Prevention Ordinances

V. Acquisition and Management of Land

Session Outline

Slide 35.3

Local Policy I


VI. Taxation and Fees

• Real Property

• Special Assessments

• Impact Fees

• Federal Internal Revenue Code

VII. Spending

Capital Improvement Programs and Budgets

Urban Service Boundaries

Public Investment for Growth Management

Government Buildings and Facilities

Session Outline

Slide 35.4

Local Policy I


VIII. Education

• The Need for Hazard Awareness

• Real Estate Disclosure

• Community Awareness Programs

• Hazard Maps

• Disaster Warning

IX. “Living with the Shore”

Session Outline

Slide 35.5

Local Policy I


• Local governments enact and enforce regulations that protect the public

• Health

• Safety

• General Welfare

• Local government power is derivative (Delegated by the State)

General Police Power

Slide 35.6

Local Policy I


• Regulation

• Acquisition

• Taxation

• Spending

• Education

Fundamental Powers of Local Government

Slide 35.7

Local Policy I


Types of Local Plans

Slide 35.8

• Comprehensive Plan

• Land Use Plan

• Floodplain Management Plans

• Stormwater Management Plans

• Emergency Response Plans

• Open Space and Recreational Plans

• Capital Improvement Plans

• Area Plans

Local Policy I


Divides the community into districts (zones)

• Zoning Ordinance Consists of:

• Zoning Map

• Text

Zoning

Slide 35.9

Local Policy I


Zone District Map

Slide 35.10

Local Policy I


Zoning ordinance defines types of use allowed in each district

• Residential

• Multi-Family

• Single Family

• Commercial

• Industrial

• Public

• Schools

• Government

• Utilities

•Semi-Public

• Churches

Types of Use

Slide 35.11

Local Policy I


Zoning ordinance dictates specifications for use.

• Lot size

• Building height

• Set backs

• Parking spaces

• Density

Zoning District Requirements

Slide 35.12

Local Policy I


Strengths:

• Affects Characteristics of Future Development

• Designate Hazard Areas for Low-Intensity Uses

• Designate Safer Areas for Higher-Intensity Uses

• Conserve Natural Areas

Zoning for Hazard Mitigation

Slide 35.13

Local Policy I


Strengths:

• Lower Densities in Hazard Area

• Safeguard local tax base

• Population matches shelter capacity

• Decrease Evacuation Times

• Ease development pressures (easier to acquire)

• Prevent large structures from being built in high-hazard zones

• Prohibit Hazardous Materials in Floodplains


Slide 35.14

Local Policy I


Weaknesses:

• Ineffective for protecting existing development in hazard areas

• Zoning is effective only if hazard maps are accurate

• Zoning is subject to legal and political challenges

• Lower density may mean lower tax revenues

• Lower density may increase cost of public services

• Zoning may change with political change

• Zoning must be strictly enforced to be effective


Slide 35.15

Local Policy I


• Control the division of land into parcels for development or sale

• Set construction and location standards within subdivisions

Subdivision Regulations

Slide 35.16

Local Policy I

Typical Subdivision

Slide 35.17Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course

Source: Julie Stein

Local Policy I


• Lot siting

• Stormwater management

• Sediment control

• Amount of impervious surfaces

• Open spaces

• Emergency access

• Hydrological/geologic/engineering studies

• Street Design

• Infrastructure Design

Provisions of Subdivision Regulations:

Slide 35.18

Local Policy I


• Streets

• Sidewalks

• Drainage control

• Dedication of Land

• Impact Fees

Subdivision Regulations Require Project Improvements:

Slide 35.19

Local Policy I


Building Codes

Slide 35.20

Laws that set standards and requirements for building construction:

• Structural integrity

• Design

• Construction materials and methods

State or local adoption

Uniform codes v. local codes

Local Policy I


• Fire resistance

• Seismic safety

• Floodproofing

• High-wind resilience

Building Codes can address hazard elements:

Slide 35.21

Local Policy I


• Must be strict, especially following disaster

• Inspection and enforcement often a local responsibility

• Post-storm moratoria allow proper damage assessment

Building Code Enforcement

Slide 35.22

Local Policy I


• Prohibit or establish conditions for development in high risk areas

• Often prepared pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

• Regulations often pertain only to areas shown on Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)

Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance

Slide 35.23

Local Policy I


• Floodway must be free of obstructions

• All development in 100 year floodplain must obtain a permit

• New residential buildings must be elevated or floodproofed

• Nonresidential structures must be elevated above 100 year flood

• Post-storm reconstruction must meet current regulations

Minimum NFIP Flood Prevention Ordinance Standards

Slide 35.24

Local Policy I


• Removes property from the development stream

• Homeowners and business owners are relocated out of harm’s way

• Land remains open space/recreation/greenway in perpetuity

• Less expensive in the long run than repeated reconstruction

Acquisition of Hazard-Prone Property

Slide 35.25

Local Policy I


• Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)

• Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM)

• Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA)

• Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)

Federal Funding Programs for Acquisition and Relocation

Slide 35.26

Local Policy I Session Name: Local Policy I Coastal Hazards Management Course I. Introduction What...

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