Shimokawa, Japan, 16 February 2013

Local Initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation-Mitigation

Toward Future City Development

Arief Yuwono,Deputi Minister for the Control of Environmental

Degradation and Climate Change, Ministry of the Environment, Republic of Indonesia

1. Background2. Environmental Management

Policy3. Local Initiatives on Climate

Change Adaptation-Mitigation (Proklim)

4. Closing2

Outline

Part 1: Back Ground

MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSEnvironmental

Status Impact

pendudukpenduduk

renewablenon‐renewableenergy

qualityquantitywatercontinuity

productivity

land useland

qualityair

diversityBio‐diversity

forestdegradation

deforestation

Environmental Disaster

Natural resources scarcity

Deterioration of carrying capacity of

the environment

• floods, landslide, drought

• climate change

•water•energy

intervensi PLH ?intervensi PLH ?

Island Ecosystem

Urban

Watersheds Area

Intervention of Environmental Management and Protection

POPU-LATION

Approach

Estimation of sampah generation in 2007 =

103,192 m3 per day and increases 1,93% for the

following year. The increase of solid waste generation

amount is inversely proportionate to the

decrease of managed solid waste to landfill by 2,5% in

2008

Environmental Problems

Land and Forest

Solid Waste

Marine and CoastalEnergy

Water

Coral Reefs condition in Indonesia per year

Prakiraan Kebutuhan Air Bersihuntuk Penduduk Menurut Wilayah Kepulauan 2006-2008 (juta)m3

Distribution of clean water demand

by population of Island 2008

Jawa

Reserve and Fossil Production 2009

Estimation of Production and total amount of solid waste disposed to landfill

5

6

Climate related disasters in Indonesia

Disaster in Indonesia (2010)

Part 2: Environmental Management Policy

• “In  o rde r   t o  an t i c ipa t e   c l ima t e  change ,  Environmental conservation will be utilized to support economy growth & sustainable welfare which is complemented by management and mastering of disaster risk”

PRIORITY #9 –THE

ENVIRONMENT& DISASTER

MANAGEMENT:

LAW NO. 32/2009 regarding ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & MANAGEMENT

Art 63Conducting

GHG inventory  is one of the duties of Central, Provincial, 

Municipal/Regency Governments

“We are devising an energy mix policy ...that will reduce our emissions by 26 percent by 2020. With international support, we are confident we can reduce emissions by as much as 41 percent.”

“We are also looking into the distinct possibility of committing a billion tons of CO2 reduction by 2050.We will change the status of our forests from that of a net emitter sector to a net [carbon] sink sector by 2030”

*Stated at the G20 Summit on Sept 2009 and reiterated at UNFCCC COP 15/CMP 5 on Dec 2009

VOLUNTARY-BASED EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET – 26% BY 2020

Indonesiaʻs Pledge for Emission Reduction*Statement by President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Projection of Indonesia net emission: 1.38 GtCO2e (2000) 2.95 GtCO2e (2020)

Key source categories are peat emission, forestry, energy and waste. Emission from peat fire was taken from van der Werf et

al (2007). The figure in the charts did not include emission from emission from liming and fertilizing

0.28 0.371.00

0.040.05

0.06

0.050.05

0.43 0.29

0.130.16 0.17

0.250.39

0.83

1.44

0.06

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5E

mis

sion

(Gt C

O2e

) .

Peat EmissionWasteForestryAgricultureIndustryEnergy

1.38

1.76

2.95

2000 2005 2020

Indonesia – GHG Emission Reduction Plan

Sectors

Emission Reduction Plan (Giga ton CO2e)

TotalAction Plan

26%15%

(Total 41%)

Forestry & Peatland 0.672 0.367 1.039

• Land & forest fires control, • Water resources & system management, • Forest & land rehabilitation, Industrial

Plantation Forest/HTI, Communal Forest/HR,

• Illegal logging eradication, • Deforestation prevention, • Community empowerment.

Waste 0.048 0.030 0.078• 3R strategy of waste management• Integrated waste management in urban

areas

Agriculture 0.008 0.003 0.011• Intro of low emission rice variety, • Efficiency of water irrigation, • Organic fertilizer utilization.

Industry 0.001 0.004 0.005 • Energy efficiency, • Renewable energy utilization, etc.

Energy & Transport-ation 0.038 0.018 0.056

• Bio-fuel use, • High gasoline fuel standard machinery, • Improvement of TDM, • Quality of public road & transportation, • Demand Side Management, • Energy efficiency, • Development of renewable energy

Total 0.767 0.422 1.189

Part 3: Local Initiatives on Climate Change

Adaptation-Mitigation (Proklim)

Different levels of actions

Government•Development of policies and program  national‐ and regional‐level

Community• Local initiatives in combating climate change  plenty, scattered

Private sectors•Community development and CSR ‐activities  

Implementation Framework - Adaptation

Policy Approach

Vulnerability, adaptation capacity

assessment Act 32/2009 - Article 3 :

protect territory of the country from pollution and/or environmental damage, ensure health and safety of human life, survival of living organism and sustainability of ecosystems, maintain environmentalfunctions, harmony and balance of environment, achieve sustainable development, anticipation of global issues

Planning and Sustainable Use PPLH: RPPLH

Community Participation

Approach (Adaptation +

Mitigasion)

ControlPLH: KLHS,

KBK, Degradation, Pollution

Awareness, Independency,

Leadership

Culture and Traditional Wisdom

ProKlim

• “Kampung” in Indonesian or “Village” in plain English is administered according to traditions and customary law (adat), located in rural areas and urban subdivisions, practices the culture of helping one another as a community, as well as being family-oriented (especially the concept of respecting one's family [particularly the parents and elders]), courtesy and believing in God as paramount to everything else.

• Various name of “kampung” in Indonesia: banjar (Bali), nagari (West Sumatera), dusun (Java), etc

ProKlim• is a program to recognize active participation of local communities in

implementing actions of integrated climate change mitigation and adaptation, which contributes to the achievement of national green house gas reduction target and increases the community resilience to the climate change impact.

• Legal basis : Minister Environmental Regulation No. 19/2012 regarding ProKlim

Program Kampung Iklim (ProKlim)~a climate village programme~

ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC

National Adaptation

Plans (NAPs)

• Proklim and its implementation as input for the development of NAPs related to developing countries’ action and its role for policy development.

Nairobi Work Programme (NWP)

• Proklim as an input for strengthening adaptation actions, in particular “Adaptation planning and practice” at local-level.

• Its implementation could be submitted as a part of NWP, related to concrete actions on adaptation which will be potentially supported by developed countries.

Loss and Damage

(LnD)

• The implementation of ProKlimdraws vulnerability in the area and will play an important role for baseline-setting in terms of insurance mechanism for the losses and damages caused by the climate change.

Cancun Adaptation Framework

(CAF)ProKlim

Adaptation Component

• Local contribution in meeting the national target of 26% emission reduction (Presidential Decree No. 61/2012)

• As an initiation for data collection of National GHG-inventory (Presidential Decree No. 71/2012)

Plays an important role as a part of

national communication

(NATCOM)*) and Biennial update

Report (BUR) **)

*) Chapter 2 (National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by Sinks) dan 5 (Measures to mitigate climate change)

**) Chapter 2 (National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by Sinks) dan 3 (Mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and assumptions)

National issues Global issues

ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC

Identification of potential / activity climate change mitigation by bottom‐up approach

Increase awareness and encourage

community participation

Strengthen capacity of local government

to carry out adaptation and

mitigation of climate change

Mitigation Component

ProKlim

Contribution of the local community for the achievement of 26%national emission reduction target in 2020 compare to business as usual;

Enhancement of adaptive capacities to the impact of climate change and climate variability in local level;

Provide data and information on potential climate change mitigation and adaptation activities in local level.

B e n e f i t s

Private sector partnership

National- or international organizations involvement

Facilitated by the government

Enhancing of local government capacity

Community empowerment

Environmental pioneers participation

S t r a t e g y

ProKlim covers a minimum area of a village or small community called “dusun”, “Rukun Warga (RW)” up to desa or kelurahan, depends on the local

nomenclature.

C r i t e r i a• The existing mitigation and adaptation activities in a specific area;• The continuity of mitigation and adaptation activities;• The contribution of concrete activities in achieving the GHG emission reduction

target and in enhancing the community resilience to the climate change impact;• The availability of local community institutions and supports on sustainability of

the activities.

Activities (60%)

Adaptation

Mitigation

Local Community and Sustainability Aspects (40%)

Related to proponents who are conducting the activities

Ensure the sustainability of activities

Adaptation activities, i.a.:

• Management of drought, floods and landslide

• Enhancement of food security• Anticipation to sea level rise, and

other risks/hazards in coastal area• Management of climate-related

diseases

Mitigation activities, i.a.:

• Management of waste and solid waste

• Liquid waste treatment and utilization

• Energy consumption (e.g. energy efficiency, renewable energy)

• Reducing emission from agriculture activities

• Forest conservation• Management of land and forest fire

Local Community and Sustainability Aspects, i.a.:

• Availability of local organization to manage and implement the activities

• Adoption of local policies, traditional ethics and other local knowledge to support the implementation of activities

• Community dynamics (e.g.: community self sustain, self finance scheme, gender participation)

• Local community capacities to implement the activities

• External support from governments• External support from private sectors,

NGOs, universities and other• Continual improvement of existing

activities• Positive impacts (economic benefits,

environmental benefits, and/or minimize the impact of climate extreme events)

C o m p o n e n t s

• Proposal: a location which is conducting integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation

Administrative Selection by Secretariat

Administrative Selection by Secretariat

• Verification: fact finding (field-based conditions)

• Scoring

Technical TeamTechnical Team • Review of the result• Recommendation:

potential locations claimed as ProKlim

SteeringCommitteeSteering

Committee

M e c h a n i s m

Minister for Environment awarded the potential locations

as “ProKlim”

East Java: 10

Central Java: 11West Java: 14 Yogya: 10East Nusatenggara: 1

Riau: 7

Babel: 3

South Sulawesi: 4West Sulawesi: 2

Southeast Sulawesi: 2 Maluku: 1

DKI Jakarta: 2 Banten: 1 Bali: 1

West Nusatenggara: 1

P r o K l i m 2 0 1 271 locations from 15 provinces submitted to the Ministry of Environment as a ProKlimcandidate by local government (districts, municipalities), universities, NGOs, individual, private sectors.

Evaluated by technical team and steering committee.

Result of evaluation: 7 locations have been received ProKlim’s Trophy and 4 locations awarded a certificate as “Potensial Location for ProKlim Development”

No Location Disctricts/Municipalities Province

1 Sukunan Village Sleman Yogyakarta2 Jetis Lor Village Pacitan East Java3 Sambangan Village Buleleng Bali4 Gatak II, Tamantirto

VillageBantul Yogyakarta

5 Serut Village Bantul Yogyakarta6 Mukti Jaya Village Rokan Hilir Riau7 Nglegi Village Gunungkidul Yogyakarta

No Location Disctricts/Municipalities Province

1 Kerta Village Gianyar Bali2 Kembang Village Pacitan East Java3 Jomblang Village Semarang Central Java4 Mekarjaya Village Cianjur West Java

Sukunan Village, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province

Adaptation and mitigation activities• Water reservoir (embung) and water• Absorption wells and biopores.• Revegetation.• Protection and management of water resources• Water use efficiency by designing traditional shower• Crop cultivation and fertilizer system (land management,

composting).• Zero burning technique.• Management of indigenious species.• Yard optimization: traditional medicines.• Vector management and public sanitation.• Integrated waste management, including waste

separation, utilization, 3R.• Communal wastewater treatment.• Water management for agricultural activities.• Operationalization of biogas, treatment of livestock waste.• Traditional innovation: such as design of ovitrap (for

intercepting its life cycle), natural refrigerator, waterheater.

Emission reduction potential, from:• Livestock activities: cattle 0.00004 Gg CH4/year (0.84 ton

CO2/year), sheep 0.00000528 Gg CH4/year (0.11088 tonCO2/year), poultry 0.0000348 Gg CH4/year (0.7308 tonCO2/year).

• Chemical fertilizer reduction by 25%: 0,601375 ton CO2/year.

Benefits• Water security.• Waste reduction.• Food security.• Alternative income.• Enhancement of carbon stock.• Appropriate public sanitation.

Potential climate risks- Drought caused by elongated dry season.- Potential risk of water scarcity in the area.- Changing of rain season threathens agricultural productivity.- Un-managed waste emits greenhouse gasses.

Local Actions of Sukunan Village

Absorption wells Water harvesting

Mix-farming Revegetation Biogas

Vector management

Local Actions of Sambangan Village

Yard optimization (herbal medicine)

Micro-hydro

Bench terraces (terasering) Water resources

management

Integrated farming

Composting

Organic fertilizer from cattle

Water harvesting Enhancement of carbon stock

Energy-efficint coockstove Cattle urine for bio-pesticide

Local Actions of Mukti Jaya Village

Yard optimization (herbal medicine)Mangrove plantation…and alternative

incomes for local communitySea wall or other construction for

anticipating sea level rise

Bench terraces (terasering)

Other Local Initiatives

Traditional housingInnovation well-system in a dry area Rock-terraces for anticipating landslide

4. Conclusion• Not re-inventing the wheel:

• ProKlim is not a new issue in combating climate change. • Various local inititiatives on climate change adaptation and mitigation existed, which have been

conducted by the community.

• Lack of understanding on the concept of climate change adaptation and mitigation.• Active participation of local community is crucial for implementing climate change

adaptation and mitigation.• There is a need to quantify adaptation and mitigation action, as well as

quantification of its benefit for the community including their contribution for meeting the 26%-emission reduction target in 2020 compare to business as usual– GHG inventory in local-level (ProKlim’s coverage area);– Projection of potential emission reduction.

• Benefits for the community by conducting adaptation-mitigation activities:– Increase the environment quality (water resources, soil fertility, etc)– Avoid and/or decrease the loss and impact of climate-related disaster;– Increase the social-economy level, e.g.: having alternative income.

THANK YOU