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Local Government Vision and Autonomy

Welcome to Hiroshima!!

February 21, 2012 Yasuo HASHIMOTO

Chief of International Affairs Hiroshima Prefectural Government

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Miyajima

Hiroshima City

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Atomic Bomb Dome

Hiroshima Castle

Hiroshima Pref. Office

UNITAR Office

Peace Memorial Park

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Population: ２.９ Million Land Area: ８，５００k㎡

GDP 　 \ 11,516 billion (2008) 　 ($ 150 billion)

Hiroshima Prefecture

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•  Total Budget \９３２ billion ($１２billion) (2011) •  Ｔｏｔａｌ Ｓｔａｆｆ 6,017 (2010) -2,075 during last 11years

*besides above; Teachers 19,600，Police officers 5,700　　

•  Departments –  General Affairs Bureau, Planning and Promotion B.,

Environment and Citizens Affairs B., Health and Welfare Affairs B., Commerce Industry and Labor B., Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries B., Public works B., City Development B., Public Enterprise B., Board of Education, Police Headquarters, etc.

•  Seniority & Lifetime Employment System 　　（Everyone starts from the bottom.）

–  Staff – Senior staff – Chief Staff – Group Leader – Director – Chief (Managing Director) - Director General

Hiroshima Prefectural Government

6 “Hiroshima for Global Peace” Plan

Determination of the Necessity

of Nuclear Abolition

Faith in Recovery from

Disasters

Now, Hiroshima is a place where people can understand

“Happiness & Prosperity in a Peaceful Society” and people can have

“Hope for the Future”.

(2011.10)

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Table of Contents

1. Think of the Difference of Development to your Country

2. Think from the Original Role of Public Service

3. Move toward Local Autonomy 4. Plan and Coordinate Ability 5. Think of Our Mission and Pride

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1. Think of the Developmental Difference

between Countries

� Vision & Execution, Cleanness & Efficiency

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10000

15000

20000

25000

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資料：「アジア経済２０００」ほか

US$

Annual Changes in GDP per capita

Japan

Singapore

Philippines

1960 Japan 477 Singapore 433 (x1.7) Philippines 253

2010 Japan 42,820 Singapore 43,117 　　　 (x21.5) Philippines 2,007

Philippines

Singapore

Japan

10 Corruption Ranking in Asia

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IndonesiaThailandCambodiaIndiaViet  NamPhillippinesMalaysiaTaiwanChinaKoreaJapanU.S.A.Singapore

Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, Ltd (Hong Kong)2009

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11 The Success of Singapore

•  Clean and Efficient Government •  Vision and Execution •  Combination of hard work, a strong and

determined leadership •  Enlightened economic policies •  Political stability •  A culture which encourages thrift and

learning •  Social mobility (corruption harms this)

– From rags to riches, from riches down the ladder “Lee Kuan Yew –The man and his ideas” TIMES

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2. Think from the Viewpoint of Original

Role of Public Service

Administrative officers work for society and are paid out of taxpayers’ money.

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Police Fire fighting

Medical care

Education

Basic Role of the Community/Society

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Residents and Administration

�  Administrative officers are also residents who work full-time for society on salaries paid by residents.

　* Civil servants

•  Without the active participation of residents, society will not generate wealth. – Encouraging and supporting regional efforts

•  From local necessities – Only regions which try to solve local problems and

necessities conscientiously can produce results.

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900102030405060708090100

Survival Prediction Rate (Female, Japan)

１９３０

２０００

%

Age

16 Examples of Various Regional Issues � Health and medical care, welfare

– Physical health (e.g. lifestyle and medical examinations) – Mental health (e.g. prevention of suicides and depression control) – Support for the disabled (e.g. activity support, shelter workshops,

social rehabilitation) – Elderly people (e.g. comfortable places to stay in the community,

dementia, home care)

� Crime and disaster prevention – E.g. community activities, improvement of facilities and

equipment, emergency support � Child rearing and education

– E.g. experiencing nature, day care，discipline，truancy, foreign children

� Environment/landscape – E.g. environmental education and landscape creation

� Transportation/housing/industrial promotion/ employment, etc.

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Welfare commissioners, Commissioned volunteer welfare workers

Region

Welfare

By age

Health Education

Safety

Block and residents’ associations, Community promotion councils Clubs for the elderly/children

Community safety councils, Volunteer fire department

Public health promotion councils Schools, public halls, PTAs

Volunteer organizations, NPOs, individuals

Various organizations

goal-sharing organizations

community-based organizations

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3. Movement Toward Local Autonomy

�  Municipal governments are the basis of local autonomy.

�  Providing flexible responses to a variety of issues

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19 Movement Toward More Autonomy

Municipalities (City, Town, Village)

Nat

iona

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vern

men

t

Pre

fect

ures

Mun

icip

aliti

es

Basic local Governments

Wide area Liaison and coordination Scale/nature

Diplomacy and defense Basic rules Nationwide

scale

Equal and complementary relationship

= =

Centralization of administrative power

１，７１９

National government

Prefectures ４７ Local

govnt

20 Negative Effects of Concentration in the Capital

•  Centralization of administrative power is efficient at the beginning, but inefficient if it exceeds the limits of management. – Regional issues should be addressed by the

region itself – Society building led by residents

� Emphasis on local administration

� Centralized administrative power and uniform responses are limited – Need for responsiveness to changes in

circumstance

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21 Roles of the National Government •  Affairs directly related to the existence of

the nation – E.g. diplomacy, defense, currency, judiciary

•  Basic rules that should be unified nationwide – E.g. maintenance of fair trade, standards for

livelihood protection, labor standards

•  Matters to be implemented on a nationwide basis and from a nationwide viewpoint – E.g. public pensions, core social infrastructure

construction

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1999年 3月31日

2012年 1月1日

’99→’10 +/-

2010 /1999

Number of munici-palities

Villages 568 184 △379 0.33 Towns 1,994 748 △1,193 0.40 Cities 670 787 113 1.17 Total 3,232 1,719 △1,459 0.55

Average population 36,387 67,275 30,888 1.85

Average area (km2) 115 210 95 1.83

Municipal Amalgamation Strengthening of basic local governments through expansion

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4. Planning and Coordinating Ability

� Understanding of local issues � Ability to carry plans to their completion � Importance of testing at the local level

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Execution

Planning

�  Promote parties concerned to share awareness of issues

�  Build a consensus for action �  Response to environmental

changes & unexpected issues

�  Sort out issues by studying data �  Ideals, direction for the solution �  Methods of achieving �  Effectiveness, feasibility etc.

Nissan President Ghosn “Creating the plan is only 5% of our efforts. The remaining 95% lies in its execution.”

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2. Undercurrent changes in a society

1. Surfaced Problems

3. Basic direction of solution

4. Outline of problems, segmentation, time-line of solution by bird’s-eye view

5. Solutions

Planning Process

× Short cut ⇒Scratch the surface

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Collaboration

Government cannot solve every problem, so collaboration is important

– Collaboration among various professions, organizations, enterprises, and administration in society

– Development of a social system that makes the most of social resources by connecting organizations & people to bring about results

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27 Coordinator

u Driven by “good anger” over social issues u Powered by a comprehensive view and

action focusing on local issues

• Jobs that produce results beyond the individual ability by connecting the power of various people and organizations

• Jobs that exist not for the sake of bragging, but because the work you do is essential

Sharing awareness of issues and building a consensus for action rather than one-sided orders

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Dialogue Ability •  Ability to actively listen to people

•  Trust that true intentions will always be responded to

• Ability to clearly translate what a participant really means for other members

•  Ability to sort out issues and understand others’ positions

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5. Think of Our Mission and Pride

� Responsibility to future society

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President Clinton’s 1999 State of the Union address

� A hundred years from tonight, another American President will stand in this place and report on the State of the Union.

� He or she will look back on a 21st century shaped in so many ways by the decisions we make here and now.

The Next 100 years

� So let it be said of us then that we were thinking not only of our time, but of their time.

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Attraction of Administrative Work

²Being able to pursue ideals regardless of the pursuit of profits

l We receive society from the previous

generation and pass it to the next generation. • How much can we improve it?

•  Working full-time for creating social systems – Administration that can cooperate and have

dialogues with citizens

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Transparency, Participation and Priority

� Transparency – Transparency is essential to keep any organization

clean by enabling outside checks.

� Participation – Residents’ participation is the only way for an

administration to make use of the power of society.

� Priority – Priority is more important than efficiency.

Efficiency is a process, Priority is a purpose.

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Three Walls

A Wall Between

Residents &

Government

A Wall inside Between Departments

A Wall Between

Top Management

& Staff

34 Bureaucracy •  “I’ve been doing things like this so far.”

– Just following predecessors according to past precedent

•  “It’s none of my business.” – Perfectionism in a miniature garden

•  “Criticism but no constructive comments.” – Lack of a sense of responsibility towards the

organization

•  “Do you have any assurance of success?” – Hampering others’ motivation

•  “We need much more careful consideration.” – Avoiding decisions and procrastinating.

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5 Question by Dr. Drucker

• What is our mission?

• Who is our customer?

• What does the customer value?

• What are our results?

• What is our plan?

Think ethics with these questions.

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Phrases In a generous America you don’t have to be rich to achieve your potential. Keynote address at the

2004 Democratic National Convention by Barack Obama. We should be in a place where children can dream of any kind of life for themselves regardless of their race, their gender, their socioeconomic status. By Michelle Obama in 2008

I have a dream that one day, … Little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. By Martin Luther King, Jr in 1963

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Planning Ethics •  Ethics are the foundation of

a specific moral value or norm which guide professional civil servants’ everyday practices.

•  Ethical values are essential to civil servants’ identity, choices, practices and obligations.

•  Ethics are deeply rooted in your responsibility to the society and your way of life.

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Planning Ethics -2 Ethics are responsibilities to society 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and history. Ethics are vital to a forward looking 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 attitude. Ethics are the foundation of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　professionals. Ethics are the base of reliance of people. Ethics are the pride of civil servants.

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As Professional Civil Servants • Eyes, which can see society as a

whole system － figuring out issues and making a social system

• Ability, which can bring change to and coordinate organization － Coordination of inter-organization collaboration

• Heart, which can understand and support residents － Empathize and communicate with people

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“To Have” or “To Be” – You will be remembered by how you

have lived not by what you possessed