Local Government in the Philippines

8/11/2019 Local Government in the Philippines

1/51

Local Government in the Philippines

Mary Ann R Lucena

MPA I


2/51

Local Government

Is a form of public administration which in amajority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier ofadministration within a given state

The term is used to contrast with offices at state

level, which are referred to as the centralgovernment, national government, or (whereappropriate) federal government and also tosupranational government which deals with

governing institutions between states.Generally act within powers delegated to them by

legislation or directives of the higher level ofgovernment.


3/51


4/51

Creation and ConversionAs a general rule, the creation of a local government

unit or its conversion from one level to another levelshall be based on verifiable indicators of viability and

projected capacity to provide services, to wit:

Income - It must be sufficient, based on acceptablestandards

Population - It shall be determined as the totalnumber of inhabitants within the territorial jurisdiction

of the local government unit concerned

Land Area - It must be contiguous, unless it comprisestwo or more islands or is separated by a local

government unit independent of the others; properly

identified by metes and bounds with technical

descriptions;


5/51

Division and Merger

Division and merger of existing local government

units shall comply with the same requirements

herein prescribed for their creation: Provided

however, That such division shall not reduce theincome, population, or land area of the local

government unit or units concerned to less than the

minimum requirements prescribed in this Code:

Provided, further, That the income classification ofthe original local government unit or units shall not

fall below its current income classification prior to

such division.


6/51

Abolition of Local Government Units

A local government unit may be abolished

when its income, population, or land area has

been irreversibly reduced to less than the

minimum standards prescribed for its creation


7/51

Elected Officials

All elected officials have 3-year terms,

and can only serve a maximum of three

consecutive terms before being ineligiblefor reelection


8/51

Assemblies

The assemblies review the ordinances and

resolutions enacted by the assemblies below

its jurisdiction. Aside from regular and ex-

officio members, the assemblies above the

barangay level also have three sectoral

representatives, one each from women,

agricultural or industrial workers, and othersectors


9/51


10/51

Levels of Local Government

Autonomous region

Provinces

Cities Municipalities

Barangays


11/51

Autonomous Region

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

is one of the regions of the Philippines. The region was first created onAugust 1, 1989 through Republic Act No. 6734 otherwise known as theOrganic Act. ARMM was established pursuant to a constitutionalmandate to provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao. Itwas officially inaugurated on November 6, 1990 in Cotabato City.

At the time when most of the Philippines were under Spanish rule, theregion maintained its independence and resist Spanish invasion in theterritory. Because of this, the region has been a separate territorywhich enabled it to develop its own culture and identity.

is headed by a Regional Governor. The Regional Governor and RegionalVice Governor are elected directly like regular local executives.

Regional ordinances are created by the Regional Assembly, composedof Assemblymen, also elected by direct vote. Regional elections areusually held one year after general elections (national and local)depending on what legislation from the Philippine Congress. Regionalofficials have a fixed term of three years, which can be extended by anact of Congress.


12/51

Autonomous Region

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

The Regional Governor is the chief executive of

the regional government, and is assisted by a

cabinet not exceeding 10 members. He appoints

the members of the cabinet, subject toconfirmation by the Regional Legislative Assembly.

He has control of all the regional executive

commissions, agencies, boards, bureaus and

offices.


13/51

Autonomous Region

Executive Council

advises the Regional Governor on matters of

governance of the autonomous region

composed of the regional governor, 1 regional vice

governor, and 3 deputy regional governors (eachrepresenting the Christians, the Muslims, and the

indigenous cultural communities)

The regional governor and regional vice governor

have a 3-year term, maximum of 3 terms;

deputies' terms are coterminous with the term of

the regional governor who appointed them.


14/51

Autonomous Region

Legislative

Regional Legislative Assembly- is the legislative branch of the ARMMgovernment headed by a Speaker. It is composed of three members

for every congressional district. The current membership is 24, where

6 are from Lanao del Sur including Marawi City, 6 from Maguindanao,

6 from Sulu, 3 from Basilan and 3 from Tawi-Tawi.

The regular members (3 members/district) and sectoral

representatives, have 3-year terms; maximum of 3 consecutive terms.

It exercises legislative power in the autonomous region, except on the

following matters: foreign affairs, national defense and security, postal

service, coinage and fiscal and monetary policies, administration of

justice, quarantine, customs and tariff, citizenship, naturalization,

immigration and deportation, general auditing, national elections,

maritime, land and air transportation, communications, patents,

trademarks, trade names and copyrights, foreign trade, and may

legislate on matters covered by the Shariah, the law governing

Muslims.


15/51

Autonomous Region

ARMM powers and basic principles

RA 9054 provides that ARMM "shall remain an integral and

inseparable part of the national territory of the Republic."

The President exercises general supervision over the Regional

Governor. The Regional Government has the power to create

its own sources of revenues and to levy taxes, fees, andcharges, subject to Constitutional provisions and the

provisions of RA 9054. The Shariah applies only to Muslims;

its applications are limited by pertinent constitutional

provisions (prohibition against cruel and unusualpunishment)


16/51

Autonomous Region

Elected Officials

Official Minimum age (18 is the voting

age)

Regional governor 35 years old on election day

Regional vice governor Same as regional governor

Regional legislative assembly

member

21 years old on election day


17/51

Autonomous Region

Assembly

Assembly Composition Head

Regional Legislative

Assembly

24 members:

Lanao del Sur,

Maguindanao, Sulu:

6 each, 3 elected

from each assembly

district

Basilan (except

Isabela City), Tawi-Tawi: 3 each,

elected at-large

Sectoral

representatives

Assembly

speaker


18/51

Provinces

The largest unit in the political structure of the

Philippines.

Composed of a cluster of municipalities, or

municipalities and component cities

Governed by an elected legislature called theSangguniang Panlalawigan and by an elected governor.

At present there are 81 provinces


19/51

Provinces

Criteria for Creation

Area - 2,000 square kilometers

Population - 250,000

Income - P20 million for the last two (2)

consecutive years based on 1991 constant prices

Congress - Legislative bodies that can create, merge,

abolish or substantially alter the boundaries of the LGU


20/51

Provinces

Government

is autonomous of other provinces within the Republic.

Each province is governed by two main elected branches

of the government: executive and legislative. Judicial

affairs are separated from provincial governance and are

administered by the Supreme Court of the Philippines.

Executive

The provincial governor is chief executive and head of

each province. Elected to a term of three years and

limited to three consecutive terms, he or she appointsthe directors of each provincial department which

include the office of administration, engineering office,

information office, legal office, and treasury office.


21/51

Provinces

Government

Legislative

The vice-governor acts as the president for each

Sangguning Panlalawigan(SP; "Provincial Board"), the

province's legislative body. Every SP is composed ofregularly elected members from provincial districts, as

well as ex officio members. The number of regularly

elected SP members allotted to each province is

determined by its income class.

First- and second-class provinces - 10

third- and fourth-class provinces - 8

fifth- and sixth-class 6

Exceptions are provinces with more than five congressional

districts


22/51

Provinces

Elected Officials

Official Minimum age

(18 is the voting age)

Governor 23 years old on election day

Vice governor Same as governor

Sangguniang Panlalawigan

member

Same as governor


23/51

Provinces

Assembly


Sangguniang

Panlalawigan

SP Members

President of the provincial chapter

of the Liga ng mga Barangay

President of the provincial

federation of the Sangguniang

Kabataan

Sectoral representatives

Vice governor


24/51

Provinces

Relation to other levels of government

National government

National intrusion into the affairs of each provincial

government is limited by the Philippine Constitution.

The President of the Philippines however coordinateswith provincial administrators through the Department

of the Interior and Local Government. For purposes of

national representation, each province is guaranteed its

own congressional district. One congressional

representative represents each district in the House ofRepresentatives. Senatorial representation is elected at

an at-large basis and not apportioned through territory-

based districts.


25/51


26/51

Provinces Relation to other levels of government

BarangaysThe provincial government does not have direct relations with

individual barangays. Supervision over a barangay government is

the mandate of the mayor and the Sanggunian of the component

city or municipality of which the barangay in question is a part


27/51

Provinces Classification

Provinces are classified according to averageannual income based on the previous 3 calendar

years. Effective July 28, 2008, the thresholds for

the income classes for cities are:

Class Average annual income

First 450 million or more

Second 360 million or more but less than 450 million

Third 270 million or more but less than 360 millionFourth 180 million or more but less than 270 million

Fifth 90 million or more but less than 180 million

Sixth below 90 million


28/51

CITIES Consist of more urbanized and developed barangays

All Philippine cities are chartered cities, whose existence ascorporate and administrative entities is governed by their ownspecific municipal charters in addition to the Local GovernmentCode of 1991, which specifies their administrative structure andpowers. As of September 2012, there are 143 cities

As corporate entities, cities have the power to take, purchase,receive, hold, lease, convey, and dispose of real and personalproperty for its general interests, condemn private property forpublic use (eminent domain), contract and be contracted with, sueand exercise all the powers conferred to it by Congress

All cities regardless of status are given a bigger share of the Internal

Revenue Allotment (IRA) compared to regular municipalities, aswell as being generally more autonomous than regularmunicipalities.


29/51

CITIES

Officials of the City GovernmentThere shall be in each city a mayor, a vice-mayor,

sangguniang panlungsod members, a secretary tothe sangguniang panlungsod, a city treasurer, a

city assessor, a city accountant, a city budgetofficer, a city planning and developmentcoordinator, a city engineer, a city health officer, acity civil registrar, a city administrator, a city legal

officer, a city veterinarian, a city social welfare anddevelopment officer, and a city general servicesofficer.


30/51

CITIES

Elected Officials

LGU OfficialMinimum age


Highly urbanized

cities

Mayor 23 years old on election day

Vice mayor 23 years old on election day

Sangguniang Panlungsod member

(Councilor)

23 years old on election day

Independent

component and

component cities


Vice mayor

Same as independent

component and component city

mayor[

Sangguniang Panlungsod member

(Councilor)

Same as independent

component and component city

mayor


31/51

CITIES

Assembly


Sangguniang

Panlungsod

City Councilors

President of the city chapter

of the Liga ng mga Barangay

President of the city

federation of the

Sangguniang Kabataan Sectoral representatives

Vice mayor


32/51

CITIES

Criteria for CreationArea - 100 square kilometersPopulation - 150,000

Income - P100 million for the last two (2)

consecutive years based on 2000 constantprices

Congress - Legislative bodies that can create,

merge, abolish or substantially alter theboundaries of the LGU


33/51

CITIES

City ClassificationHighly Urbanized Cities - Cities with a minimum population of

two hundred thousand (200,000) inhabitants, as certified by the

National Statistics Office, and with the latest annual income of

at least five hundred million pesos (500,000,000) based on

2008 constant prices, as certified by the city treasurer.- 35 current highly urbanized city in the Philippines (16

of which are located in Metro Manila)

Independent Component Cities - Cities of this type are

independent of the province, and as such their charters banresidents from voting for provincial elective officials. Cities with

a minimum population of 150,000 and earns at least 350 million

pesos (350,000,000) based on 2008 constant prices, as

certified by the City Treasurer.

- Dagupan, Cotabato, Naga, Ormoc and Santiago.


34/51

CITIES

City Classification

Component Cities- Cities which do not meet thepreceding requirements are deemed part of the

province in which they are geographically located. If

a component city is located along the boundaries oftwo (2) or more provinces, it shall be considered part

of the province of which it used to be a municipality.


35/51

CITIES

Income classification

ClassAverage annual income

(million)

First 400 or more

Second 320 400

Third 240 320

Fourth 160 240

Fifth 80 160

Sixth less than 80

First 400 or more

CITIES


36/51

CITIES

Changing city status

Upgrading Component city to independent component city:All that is needed is

a congressional amendment to the city charter prohibiting city

residents to vote for provincial officials.

Component/independent component city to highly urbanized city:

Since 1992, once a city has a population of 200,000 persons as

certified by the NSO and an income of PHP 50 million (based on 1991

constant prices) as certified by the city treasurer, the city government

can submit a request to the President to have their city declared as

highly urbanized within 30 days. Upon the President's declaration, a

plebiscite will be held within a specific timeframe to ratify thisconversion.

There are also several instances involving a direct conversion from

municipality to highly urbanized city, as in the case of twelve cities in

Metro Manila, starting with Mandaluyong in 1995 up to 2007 with San

Juan and Navotas.

CITIES


37/51

CITIES

Changing city status

Downgrading Highly urbanized city to component city:Reclassifying an

HUC as a component city likely involves not only amending

the concerned city's charter, but also the Local Government

Code,as currently there is no provision in the LGC that allows

this, nor are there any precedents. Some Cebu City

politicians have indicated that they wish to bring back the

city under the province's control, in order to bring in more

votes against the Sugbuak, the proposed partition of Cebu

Province.Independent component city to component city: A

congressional amendment to the city charter enabling city

residents to vote for provincial officials is required, followed

by a plebiscite.


38/51

MUNICIPALITIES


39/51

MUNICIPALITIES


Area - 50 square kilometers

Population - 25,000

Income - P2.5 million for the last two (2)

consecutive years based on 1991

constant prices

Congress /ARMM Regional Assembly - Legislative

bodies that can create, merge, abolish or substantiallyalter the boundaries of the LGU

MUNICIPALITIES


40/51

MUNICIPALITIES

Organization

According to Chapter II, Title II, Book III of RepublicAct 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991, a

municipality shall mainly have a mayor, a vice-mayor

and members of the legislative branch Sangguniang

Bayan alongside a secretary to the said legislature.

The following positions are also required for all

municipalities across the Philippines:

- Treasurer - Engineer/building official- Assessor - Health officer

- Accountant - Civil registrar

- Budget officer

- Planning and development coordinator

MUNICIPALITIES


41/51

MUNICIPALITIES

Duties and Functions

The municipal mayor is the chief executive officer of themunicipal government and shall determine guidelines on

local policies and direct formulation of development plans.

These responsibilities shall be under approval of the

Sangguniang Bayan.The vice-mayor shall sign all warrants drawn on the

municipal treasury. Being presiding officer of the

Sangguniang Bayan, he can as well appoint members of the

municipal legislature except its twelve (12) regularmembers or kagawad who are also elected every local

election alongside the municipal mayor and vice-mayor. In

circumstances where the mayor permanently or

temporarily vacates the position, he shall assume executiveduties and functions.

MUNICIPALITIES


42/51

MUNICIPALITIES

Elected Officials




Vice mayor Same as mayor

Sangguniang Panlungsod

member (Councilor)

Same as mayor

MUNICIPALITIES


43/51

MUNICIPALITIES

Assembly


Sangguniang Bayan President of the

municipal chapter of the

Liga ng mga Barangay

President of the

municipal federation of

the Sangguniang

Kabataan

Sectoral representatives

Vice mayor

MUNICIPALITIES


44/51

MUNICIPALITIES

Income classification

ClassAverage annual income

( million)

First 55 or more

Second 45 55

Third 35 45

Fourth 25 35

Fifth 15 25Sixth less than 15

BARANGAYS


45/51

BARANGAYS

Formerly called barrio and is the native Filipino

term for a village, district or wardMalay term for community

Smallest/ basic political unit into which cities and

municipalities are dividedThe core local government unit of the Philippines

Serves as the primary planning and implementing

unit of government policies, plans, programs,projects and activities in the community

Currently there are 42, 027 barangays nationwide

and of which 820 barangays are from Cagayan

BARANGAYS


46/51

BARANGAYS

Organization

Headed by elected officials, the topmost being thePunong Barangay(addressed as Kapitan; also known

as the Barangay Captain). The Kapitanis aided by

seven (7) Sangguniang Barangay(Barangay Council)

whose members, called Barangay Kagawad("Councilors"), are also elected.

BARANGAYS


47/51

BARANGAYS

Elected Officials



Barangay captain 18 years old on election dayBarangay kagawad Same as barangay captain

Sangguniang Kabataan

chairperson

15 to 21 years old on election

day*


member

Same as Sangguniang Kabataan

chairperson*

BARANGAYS


48/51

BARANGAYS

Assembly


Sangguniang

Barangay

SangguniangKabataan

7 members elected at-large


chairperson

7 members elected at-large

Barangay

captain

SangguniangKabataan

chairperson

BARANGAYS


49/51

BARANGAYS


Population - 5,000 (Metro Manila and highly-urbanizedcities)

- 2,000 (rest of the country)

Congress /ARMM Regional Assembly/ Sangguniang

Panlalawigan, with recommendation from the

concerned Sangguniang Bayan(s)

required/Sangguniang Panlungsod - Legislativebodies that can create, merge, abolish or

substantially alter the boundaries of the LGU

References:


50/51

References:

National Statistics Coordination Board www.nscb.gov.ph

RA 7120. The Local Government Code of 1991

En.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government

Zamboanga City www.zamboanga.com
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/http://www.zamboanga.com/http://www.zamboanga.com/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/


51/51

Thank You!!

Local Government in the Philippines

Documents

Transcript of Local Government in the Philippines