Local Governance setup around the globe

Presented by:Ali Imran

Local GovernanceLocal government is a form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier of administration within a given state.

Different type of state systems

Unitary state. All powers reside in a central sovereign parliament. Power is not shared.

Federal state. Constituted by sovereign units. Power is state. Prepared to devolve some powers to regional divided between one central and several regional governments

Decentralized elected institutions while retaining sovereignty in its central parliament

.

Different local governance systems

Multiple system are followed around the globe, but mainly under mentioned system are main and followed with few changes and different regions and countries.

Federal decentralization

Unitary system (British system)

Prefect system (Napoleon/French model)

Communist system

Post colonial system

Federal Decentralization

Most decentralized systemAll system are not federal (with few

changes adopted by many countries)Authorities given to regional govtDecision making powers granted to

regional and local authoritiesLess involvement of main govtLocal bodies are more participatory

agentsFiscal autonomy also given to local

authorizes

Federal System

Mainly divided in 3 sections (county,munciplties,district or town)

Members elected by local peoples through election

Mayor/council head selected by members among the members

Head of councils had power to make decision policy and fund allocation

Council members help the head to make good decision in favor of community

the closeness of supervision by administrative agencies of regional governments varies

SETUP

Pros Efficiency: local knows better than

central Government Effectiveness: Public

service delivery Democracy and participation Geography: Too wide to cover

centrally the sense of involvement and the

level of participation are high

Cons

Make macroeconomic stabilization policy difficult Fiscal problem: think of local government

borrowing Regional inequality Increase in malgovernance More corruption?

Q&A

Unitary System(British System)

Setup and working

State governed as one single power. Central Government is supreme. Administrative divisions exercise only powers that

their central government chose to delegate. Subnational units are created and their powers

may be narrowed, by central government. Political power is delegated through devolution to

local government by statute, the central government remains supreme.

DEMERITS

Fails in multi-racial states Urban supremacy Despotism in government Less democratic form of government

MERITS

Unitary system is strong and powerful Simple form of government Uniform laws Simple structure Less expansive Unitary form of government is flexible system

United kingdom Four main States , England ,north

Ireland, walls and Scotland In London there is an elected assembly

and mayor. Excluding London, the UK has two

different patterns of local government. There is a county council responsible of

services such as education, waste management and strategic planning.

Within county there are several non-metropolitan district councils are responsible for services such as housing, waste collection and local planning.

Capital:  LondonDialing code:  +44Population:  64.1 million (2013) Queen:  Elizabeth IIPrime minister: David CameronCurrency:  Pound sterlingChancellor:  Chris Leslie

Community

Councilors

Mayor

Head of council• Meeting head• Ceremonial seat• Low decision

powers(If appointed by

councilors) 

Mayor

Gov. Board of Local Governance

Direct

from

board

Saudi Arabia There are three levels of local government

in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: the city council, the municipal council and the municipality.

The city council is the highest level of local government.

The municipality is the third level of local government. (178 municipalities)

Each municipality is run by its city's mayor.

As a collective the kingdom's municipalities make up the Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs.

Capital:  RiyadhDialing code:  +966ISO code:  SAUCurrency:  Saudi riyalContinent:  AsiaPopulation:  28.83 million (2013)

State governor

Sub district councils

District council

Advisory council(15 members)

• Head of state l.g

• Head of state police

• Head of state

national guards

• Directly reported to King

KingMinistry of Municipality and Rural Affairs.

 

Officials by Govt. with local bodies

Officials by Govt. with local bodies

Q&A

Napoleon system (prefect system)

Government decentralization Political Administrative

Political Decentralization

Associated with representative government Influence in the formulation and implementation

of laws and policies. Increased power for legislatures Creation of local political units. Encouragement of advocacy groups

Administrative DecentralizationDE concentration Shifts responsibility for decision-making, from

officials of central governments to those in existing district.

Delegation passes down responsibility for decision-making,

finance and implementation of certain public functions to semi-autonomous organizations not wholly controlled by the central government, but ultimately accountable to it

Devolution transfers all responsibility for decision-making,

finance and implementation of certain public functions to the sub-national level, such as a regional, local, or state government.

Divestment, privatization, may mean merely contracting out

services to private companies.

Pros

Efficiency: local knows better than central

Government Effectiveness: Public service delivery

Political: Diversity Democracy and participation Geography: Too wide to cover centrally

Cons

Make macroeconomic stabilization policy difficult Fiscal problem: think of local government

borrowing Regional inequality Increase in malgovernance More corruption?

Decentralized power to local bodiesAuthorities divided into 3 tiers at local level administration

statesregionsterritories

Institutional powers division but political power centralizedPrefect system for monitoring Keep final authorizes at centralized levelInterior ministry is responsible for authorization in fiscal decision

Franc

Capital:  ParisDialing code: +33President:  François HollandePrime minister: Manuel VallsPopulation: 66.03 million (2013) 

Community

Councilors

Mayor of municipals

Prefects (monitors)

Interior ministry

No fiscal autonomyHelper in decision making to prefectCeremonial head Put the suggestion

and proposal forward by councilors

Final decision Limited fiscal

autonomyAnswerable to

interior ministry

Q&A

Communist local governance system

SETUP And WorkingDeconcentratiori of authority rather than

decentralizationAgency of central govt.functions as an integral element of the

hierarchical administrative system of the state

Local independence is narrow Role in economic activities infinitely

more extensive than in capitalist nations.Main control by communist party

PROS Communist system utilizes the local party to carry

out the program of the national party leaders. Officials are elected by the central command and

local head also there for assistance officials are well aware of responsibilities and duties Very low chances of violation of duties and corruption

because strict action taken by party central command

Close supervision on economic issues and decision taken by central command

Basic necessities are free and same for all classes of community

ConsAuthority given to single handsLess participation of citizenCommunity development decision

made on the bases of party head or local controller will

Davison of resources based on personal interactions

More focusing on economic development for central Gov., instead of community development

Fiscal authority in hand of central command

Russian Local governance system • Sub division into many tiers

• Municipal • Urban and rural settlements• Mayor by Central govt (look after

and having decision making Capital territory

• powers)• Local community members as part of

mayor council• No freedom to local council• Authorities are very low• Local participation very low

Capital:  MoscowArea:  6.602 million sq milesPopulation:  143.5 million (2013) President:  Vladimir PutinCurrency:  Russian rublePrime minister:  Dmitry Medvedev

Head/mayor

Central command of ruling party

Community

Municipalities’ members

Head by central committee

Ceremonial head

Dy. for central

command member

No authority

Decision powerLimited fiscal

autonomyDirected by

central commandMostly command

interest

Appoint head in provincial, district and municipal level

Chinese system The communes are at once instruments of

economic planning, educational and cultural activity

Divided in to four levels (township, county, prefecture or municipality, and the province)

At each level are two important officials  the Party chief or the Party Secretary, acts

as the policy maker head of the local People's Government

(elected by people) called a governor, mayor

provide for greater autonomy by the ethnic group majority that inhabits the region.

Authority remains in hands of party figure Elected figured only can suggest or advised

and carried out ceremonial duties.

Capital:  BeijingPopulation:  1.357 billion (2013) Currency:  RenminbiPresident:  Xi JinpingGDP per capita:  6,807.43 USD (2013) Gross domestic product: 9.24 trillion USD (2013)