Load Estimation in Buildings_(Elec-Eng-world.blogspot.com)

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Electric Load Estimation For High Rise Buildings

Transcript of Load Estimation in Buildings_(Elec-Eng-world.blogspot.com)

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Electric Load Estimation

For High Rise Buildings

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Total Electric Load Estimation For residential Buildings

In general for the first estimation of the total power required for residential buildings

1- Economic Residential Building Power density = 2 – 4 KVA / 100 m22- Moderate Residential Building Power density = 5 – 7 KVA / 100 m23- Luxurious Residential Building Power density = 8 – 10 KVA / 100 m2

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LightingIndoor Lighting

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Lighting Power Estimation

1- Residential Buildings, Pd = 10 VA / m22- Offices, Pd = 20 VA / m23- Malls, Pd = 40 VA /m24- Colleges and Schools, Pd = 25 VA / m25- Hospitals, Pd = 20 VA / m2

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Allowed lighting power

There are two Methods to estimate the lighting power in commercial buildings:

A.Complete Building Method.B. Area Category Method.

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A. Complete Building Method

The building must consist of one type of use for a minimum of 90% of the floor area of the

entire building (in determining the area of the primary type of use, include the following areas if they serve as support for the primary type of use: lobbies, corridors, restrooms and storage closets).

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TYPE OF USE ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER Auditoriums 17Convention centers 14Financial institutions 12General commercial and industrial work buildingsHigh bay 12Low bay 11Grocery stores 17Hotel 15Industrial and commercial storage buildings 8.0Medical buildings and clinics 12Office buildings 12Parking Garages 5.0Religious facilities 17Restaurants 13Retail and wholesale stores* 17Schools 14Theaters 15All others 7.0

Table 1 – Complete Building Method Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m²)

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Example: Complete Building Method

A 1000-m² medical clinic building is to be built. What is its allowed lighting power under the complete building approach?

Answer From Table the Standards, medical buildings and

clinics are allowed 12 w/m2. The allowed lighting power is 1000 x 12 = 12000 W. = 12 KW.

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B. Area Category Method

For purposes of the area category method, an "area" is defined as all contiguous spaces that accommodate or are associated with a single primary function as listed in Standards Table

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Table 2 – Standards Table for Area Category Method - Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m²)

• PRIMARY FUNCTION ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER• Auditorium 17*• Auto repair 13 **• Classrooms, lecture, training, vocational room 14• Civic Meeting Place 15*• Commercial and industrial storage 7.0• Convention, conference, multipurpose and meeting centers 16*• Corridors, restrooms, stairs and support areas 7.0• Dining 12*• Electrical, mechanical rooms 8 **• Exercise center, gymnasium 11• Exhibit, museum 20• Financial transactions 13*• General commercial and industrial work• High bay 12**• Low bay 11 **• Precision 15 ***• Grocery sales 18• Housing, Public and Commons Areas• Multi-family 11• Dormitory, Senior Housing 16• Hotel function area 16*

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Table 2 – Standards Table for Area Category Method - Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m²)

• Kitchen, food preparation 18• Laundry 10• Library• Reading areas 14• Stacks 18

• Stacks 18• Lobbies• Hotel lobby 12*• Main entry lobby 18*• Locker/dressing room 10• Lounge/recreation 12• Malls and atria 14*• Medical and clinical care 14• Office 14• Parking garage 5.0• Religious worship 16*• Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms 20• Tenant lease space 11• Transportation function 12• Theaters• Motion picture 10*• Performance 16*• Waiting area 13*• All other 7.0

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Table 2 – Standards Table for Area Category Method - Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m²)

• Lobbies • Hotel lobby 12*• Main entry lobby 18*• Locker/dressing room 10• Lounge/recreation 12• Malls and atria 14*• Medical and clinical care 14• Office 14• Parking garage 5.0• Religious worship 16*• Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms 20• Tenant lease space 11• Transportation function 12• Theaters• Motion picture 10*• Performance 16*• Waiting area 13*• All other 7.0

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Example: Area Category Method A small bank building has the following area distribution:Corridors 80 m2Main Entry Lobby 20 m2Financial Transactions 120 m2Manager’s Office 20 m2 What is the allowed lighting power for this building under the area

category method? AnswerThe following Lighting Power Densities apply (from Table 2):Space LPD Area Allowed Watts Corridors 7.0 W 80 m2 560Main Entry 16 W 20 m2 320Financial Transactions 13 W 120 m2 1560Manager’s Office 14 W 20 m2 280 ______

Total 2720 W

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Question• A 1000-m2 multi-use building is to be built

consisting of:• A) 50 m2 main entry lobby,• B) 200 m2 corridors and restroom,• C) 300 m2 grocery store,• D) 250 m2 retail, and• E) 200 m2 future development.• What is the allowed lighting power under the area

category method?

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Normal SocketsIn general sockets can arranged in the free

spaces between furnitureOR

One socket can be assigned for each 5 mThe power of a normal socket can be takenas 250 VA

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Power SocketsPower sockets can be put in the kitchens and offices

The power of the power sockets can be 1 KVA 2 KVA 3 KVA

OR as required

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UPS Sockets

For the information technology equipments it is required to use UPS to supply the sockets supplies these equipments.

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Air Conditioning Power Estimation

Houses, Pd = 65 w/m2

Offices, Pd = 70 w / m2

Shops, Pd = 90 w / m2

Malls, Pd = 80 w / m2

Colleges and Schools, Pd = 100 w / m2

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Air Conditioning Power Estimation

ORFrom 3.5 to 5.5 ton / 100 m2Power in Kw = No. of tons x (1.6 – 2.5) Kw

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ElevatorsThe number and type of the elevators will be

determined by the architecture engineer.To estimate the power required for the

elevators

P elev. = 15 – 25 Kw

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PumpsNumber and size of the water pump can be

determined by the mechanical engineer

To estimate the power required for the pumps

1- Water pump power = 5 KVA 2- Fire pump power = 15 KVA