Load Balancing of Multipath Source Routing in Ad Hoc Networks
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Load Balancing of Multipath Source Routing in Ad Hoc Networks
Lianfang Zhang, Zenghua Zhao, Yantai Shu, and Lei WangDepartment of Computer ScienceTianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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OutlineI. Introduction
II. An Overview To MSR
III. Model Based Analysis
IV. Simulation Result
V. Conclusion
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I.Introduction(1/2) Mobile ad hoc networks are characterized
by multi-hop wireless links, the absence of any cellular infrastructure, and frequent host mobility
Manage frequent topology changes and need to be bandwidth- and power-efficient
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I.Introduction(2/2) DSR
Single path routing under-utilize resources and can not cope with
congestion and link breakage MSR
Probing mechanism Refresh the information in cache, to delete sta
le path and to fined new one in time
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II.An Overview to MSR Maintaining alternative paths requires more
routing table space and computational overhead
Source routing is flexible The on-demand nature of DSR can reduce
greatly the routing storage and routing computation
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II.A. Path Finding Path information →Route cache To achieve high path independence,
disjoint paths are preferred in MSR. No looping problem
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II.B. Probing and Load Balancing Use probing as a feed back control
mechanism Send probing packets periodically to each
path and measure their round-trip time Estimate path delay Distribute traffic over different paths in order
to achieve a minimum mean delay for the whole network
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III. Model Based Analysis Intermediate nodes would do nothing
except to forward the packet Adding no more processing complexity
than DSR All path calculation is done in the source
hosts and optimal routing is intimately related to load balancing
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III.A. General Analysis on Load Balancing(1/3)
N parallel M/M/1 queues
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III.A. General Analysis on Load Balancing(2/3)Objective
Subject to
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III.A. General Analysis on Load Balancing(3/3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
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III.B. Delay Performance Evaluation in Two-path Case(1/4)
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III.B. Delay Performance Evaluation in Two-path Case(2/4) Assuming and
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III.B. Delay Performance Evaluation in Two-path Case(3/4)
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III.B. Delay Performance Evaluation in Two-path Case(4/4)
Since , after substituting
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III.B. Delay Performance Evaluation in Two-path Case
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III.C. Discussion on the Heuristic Equation(1/3)
1 21 2 1 2
1 1 1 1x x x x
T T T T
1 1, , 1,2, , ,i j
i j
x x i j N i jT T
Eqn. (6) shows that the difference between the traffic distributed on any two paths must be proportional to the difference of the paths’ average packet.
(6)
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III.C. Discussion on the Heuristic Equation (2/3)
max
max
1
, 1,2, ,1k
kk
ddW k Nd
d
refers to the weight of path measured in number of packets to be sent consecutively on the same path every time
kkW
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III.C. Discussion on the Heuristic Equation (3/3)
max
1 1 1 1, . .ij i j ij
i j i j
W W W d i e Wd d d d
If we distribute traffic according to the weights, we may achieve near-optimal routing
maxmin , , 1, 2, ,kk
dW U R k N
d
is a factor to control the frequency of switching between routesR is a bound to insure that should not to be too largeU kW
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IV. Simulation Result(1/3) CBR
UDP FTP
TCP
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IV.B. Simulation Result (2/3)
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IV.B. Simulation Result (3/3)
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V. Conclusion End-to-end delay Network resource
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Future Work Study of optimal load balancing scheme QoS support in MSR