What is LNG ? What is CNG ?

NG LNG

Cool to -160° & liquefy

CNGCompress to 200 bar

What is LNG?What is LNG?

It is colorless, odorless and is a boiling liquid under

atmospheric pressure at a temperature of -160oC.

Composition = Around 90 % Methane and balance 10% contains Ethane, Propane, Butane and Pentane.

LNG Volume is 1/600 of Natural Gas.

1 MMTA LNG 1.23 MMTA of Oil equivalent

3.6 MMSCMD (Natural Gas)

LNG - Physical features

LNG FLAMMABILITY RANGELEL = 5 %UEL = 15 %

Auto Ignition Temperature = + 537oC

Composition = Around 90 % CH4 Balance 10% - Ethane, propane ,Butane, Pentane.

It is colorless, odorless and is a boiling liquid under atmospheric pressure with a temperature of (-) 160oC.Non-toxic gas.Lighter than water. Density = 0.45 Kg/Litre.

Boiling Point = (-) 160o C

Con

cen

trati

on

(%

vol.

in

air

)100%

0%25°C 537°C

Temperature

5%

15% Flammablemixture

Auto-ignition

L.F.L.

U.F.L.

NG Flammability Curve

LNG Risk and HazardsLNG Risk and Hazards

Contact with LNG causes Cold Burns LNG forms visible flammable white cloud in

case of leak LNG/RLNG is handled at high pressure RLNG is flammable, colorless and odorless LNG spill on water can create RPT (Rapid

Phase Transition) with explosion

LNG RISK AND HAZARDSLNG RISK AND HAZARDSExplosion (BLEVE) - NoVapour cloud Explosion - NoVapour cloud formation - Dispersion / AsphyxiaFreezing Liquid - Line chokingRoll Over - More BOG generation Rapid Phase Transition - Cold explosionHigh Pressure - Piercing injuryLow Temperature - Cold BurnFire - Hot burnLNG Spillage - Vapour cloud / Pool fireNG leakage - NG release/Jet fire / noiseFlammable gas - Jet fire / noise

LNG - SpillageLNG - Spillage

LNG spillage on ground - No pollution effect. Soil becomes dry.Vaporization of LNG into NG and Heavy Gas Dispersion.

LNG spillage on non-cryogenic metals will make them brittle. (Mild steel)

LNG spillage on human body will make cold burns (Frost Bite).

LNG spillage on water leads to Rapid phase transition ( RPT )

LNG spillage on rubber will make them brittle. (Rubber gloves)

Hazard and Risk AssessmentHazard and Risk Assessment

•Design Stage: LNG terminal designed as per international codes namely EN-1473,BS-7777, NFPA-59A, OISD-194 etc.

High Level Hazop

QRA Study

EIA Study

Hazard and Risk AssessmentHazard and Risk AssessmentSignificant Risk identified based on QRA study and historical accident experiences of LNG industry are as follows:1. Unloading arm failure leading to sudden draining of LNG into seawater. • Safeguard: PERC provided in unloading arms.

2. Trestle LNG pipeline failure due to vehicle impact:• Safeguard: Barricading provided

3. Pool fire due to LNG leakage in unloading lines flange connection at jetty.• Safeguard: Spill detectors with ESD interlock

4. Small fire on top of LNG tanks due to flange leakage.• Safeguard: Gas detectors provided

5. Roll over on LNG tanks leading to sudden rise in tank pressure due to abnormal BOG generation.• Top / Bottom Filling arrangement based on density

Hazard and Risk AssessmentHazard and Risk AssessmentSignificant Risk Identified:

6. Jet fire in NG high pressure lines.

7. Fire in flare due to LNG entering into flare system.

8. Fire/explosion in submerged combustion vaporizer due to formation of flammable mixture.

9. Pool fire in diesel tank

10.Confined explosion in GTG cabin

11.Significant high pressure Gas leak from metering station

12.Ship related emergency like fire/explosion in ship or bad weather conditions while berthing at our jetty

13. Emergency situation due to LNG ship hits the jetty.

14. Emergency situation due to Tug boat hits the jetty piles.

15. Cold vent fire at jetty.

16. Emergency situation arising from nearby plant / pipeline leak.

17. Emergency situation arising from nearby jetty.

18. Fire in Main control room panels.

19. High pressure equipment i.e. Re-condenser, N2 liquid storage vessel, STV,SCV bursting/failure due to high pressure.

Significant Risk Identified:

Hazard and Risk AssessmentHazard and Risk Assessment

20. Hose leak / flange leak during road tanker loading.

21. Road tanker body leak.

22. Road tanker fire during venting of gas.

23. Natural disasters like earthquake/flood/cyclone.

24. Sabotage (Bomb threat).

Significant Risk Identified:

Hazard and Risk AssessmentHazard and Risk Assessment

On-site Plan• Main Control Room is Emergency Control Centre.• On-site plan available.• JV conducts onsite Mock drill every three months.

• Off-site plan shall be in place.• DMC shall be in place.• DMC shall conducts offsite Mock drill every year.• Nearby industries are required to be connected by some

wireless means.• Any off-site emergency, immediate help from nearby

industries if required shall evaluated.

Off-site Plan

Emergency Preparedness PlanEmergency Preparedness Plan