Llb i choi u iv preamble and constitutional amendments

Topic : AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUIONCourse : LLB

Subject: Constitutional History of IndiaUnit : 3

The Indian Constitution

448 Articles; some of the important ones :

Article 12-35 specify the Fundamental Rights

available

Articles 36-50 specify the Directive principles of State

policy

Article 51 A specifies the Fundamental Duties of

every citizen


Schedules : Total 12 Schedule

The Territories of states & Union territories (UTs)

Oaths to be taken by officials

Division of power between centre and state

Regional language

Rajya Sabha seat allotment


12 Schedules :

Schedule 1 : State & UTs territories

Schedule 2 : Salaries of the top officials

Schedule 3: Oaths for officials

Schedule 4 : Rajya sabha seat allotment

Schedule 5 : Admin of Schedule Areas

Schedule 6 : Admin of Tribal Areas


12 Schedules :

Schedule 7 : List of Laws of state-centre

Schedule 8 : List of Languages

Schedule 9 : Acts of Land Reforms

Schedule 10 : Defection Provisions

Schedule 11: Panchayat Admin

Schedule 12: Municipalities Admin


5 Appendices :

Appendix I : The constitution (Application to Jammu &

Kashmir) order, 1954

Appendix II: Re-Statement with reference to the present

text of the Constitution of the exceptions and

modifications subject to which the constitution applies to

the state of Jammu & Kashmir.


5 Appendices :

Appendix III : Extracts from the constitution

(Forty - Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978

Appendix IV :The Constitution

(Eighty - sixth Amendment) Act, 2002

Appendix V :The Constitution

(Eighty- Eighth Amendment) Act, 2003


Indian Penal Code:

Spread over 23 Chapters, covering every

admissible offenses

Among them 309 (Suicide) , 310 (Punishment of

death) & 420 (Cheating) are same that are

commonly known.


Amendments….

…..Means Modifications in the constitution by way of addition deletion or correction

A total of 98 amendments have been made till now (i.e. 2014) , average about 1.5 Amendments every year in about 60 Years….. compared to about 27 Amendments in the Us Constitution over 230 Years.


List of Some Major Amendments (AM’s):

• The 4th Am: Authorized state of nationalize any trade

• The 10th Am: Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli the Indian Union


List of Some Major Amendments (AM’s):

• The 12th Am: Incorporated Goa, Daman and Diu in the Indian Union

• The 14th Am: Incorporated Pondicherry (now Puduchery) in the Indian Union


List of Some Major Amendments (AM’s)):

• The 16th Am: Restrictions on Fundamental Rights

• The 24th Am: Affirmed the right of the Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution including Fundamental Rights.



• The 42nd Am: Most Comprehensive

- Added the words SOCIALIST and SECULAR to the preamble

- Added 10 Fundamental Duties

- Authorized parliament to make laws to deal with anti-national activities (Later deprived by the 43rd Am)



• The 44th Am: Deleted Right to property from Fundamental Rights

• The 61st Am: Reduced voting age from 21 to 18

• The 85th Am: Allows accelerated promotions to government employees belonging to SC or ST community



• The 86th Am: Made free and compulsory primary education a Fundamental Right

• The 86th Am: Empowered centre to levy Service tax

• The 93rd Am: Made provisions for SC, ST and OBCs in unaided educational Institutions



• The 98rd Am: made to insert Article 371J in theConstitution on 2 January 2013 - To empower theGovernor of Karnataka to take steps to develop theHyderabad-Karnataka Region.


Some Landmark Cases:

• Golaknath v/s State of Punjab 1967

(Key words: Fundamental Rights)

• Keshvanand Bharti v/s State of Kerala 1973

(Key words: Fundamental Rights)


Some Landmark Cases:

• Mohd. Ahmed Khan v/s Shah Bano Begum 1985

(Key words: alimony, common civil code)

• Madhav Jiwaji Rao v/s Union of India 1970

(Key words: Abolition of Privy Purses and titles of erstwhile Indian Rulers)


Did You Know?

• The Constitution of India was Handwritten and calligraphed in both English and Hindi not typeset or printed. The original copies are kept in special helium – filled cases in the library of the Parliament of India.

references

1.Bakshi P.M. The Constitution of India

2.Gandhi B.M, Indian legal & Constitutional History

3. Jain M.P, The constitution Law

.


.

Llb i choi u iv preamble and constitutional amendments

Law

Transcript of Llb i choi u iv preamble and constitutional amendments