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Edited by

~o~o Mrrtru@~IBM Corporate Technical Institutes

Thornwood, New York

and

Centre de Recherches Paul PascalDomaine Univer sitaire

Talence , France

Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

(Revised tor vols. 4-6)

Surfactants in solution.

"Proceedings 01 two international symposia on surfactants in solution, held June 27-July 2,1982, in Lund, Sweden and July 9-13, 1984, in Bordeaux, France"

Vois. 4- edited by K. L. Mittal and P. Bothorel. Includes bibliographical reterences and indexes. 1. Surlace active agents-Congresses. 2. Solution (Chemistry)-Congresses. 3.

Micelles-Congresses. I. Mittal, K. L., 1945- 11. Lindman, Björn, 1943-. 111. Bothorel, Pierre.

TP994.S88 1984 668'.1 83-19170

ISBN 978-1-4615-7983-0 ISBN 978-1-4615-7981-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-7981-6

Proceedings 01 an international symposium on Surfactants in Solution, held July 9-13, 1984, in Bordeaux, France

© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1986.

All rights reserved

No part 01 this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microlilming,

recording, or otherwise, without written permission trom the Publisher

PREFACE

This and its companion Volumes 4 and 6 document the proceedings ofthe 5th International Symposium on Surfactants in Solution held inBordeaux, France, July 9-13, 1984. This symposium was the continuationof the series of symposia initiated in 1976 in Albany, New York under thetitle "Micellization, Solubilization and Microemulsions". The next twosymposia were labelled "Solution Chemistry of Surfactants" and "SolutionBehavior of Surfactants: Theoretical and Applied Aspects" held inKnoxville, TN in 1978 and Potsdam, N.Y. in 1980, respectively.

In 1982 at the time of the 4th Symposium in this series, it becameamply evident that there was a definite need to have more a generic titleto describe these biennial events, and after much deliberation it wasdecided that an appropriate title would be "Surfactants in Solution" asboth the aggregation and adsorption aspects of surfactants wereaddressed. So the 4th Symposium was held in 1982 in Lund, Sweden, underthis new rubric, and it was decided to continue these symposia in thefuture under this appellation. Naturally, the Bordeaux Symposium wasdubbed as the 5th International Symposium on Surfactants in Solution, andour logo became SIS which is very apropos and appealing. It was inBordeaux that the decision was made to hold the 6th SIS Symposium in NewDelhi and it is scheduled for August 18-22, 1986 in the capital of India.It is interesting to note how this series of symposia has blossomed froma modest start in Albany when there were a total of 48 papers in theprogram to what we had in Bordeaux. In Bordeaux, the printed programcontained a total of 254 papers (5 Plenary presentations, 9 lectures,107 oral communications, and 133 poster presentations). By the way, theproceedings of the earlier symposia have been properly documented l- 41

Returning to the current proceedings, these are designated asVolumes 4, 5 and 6. A comment about the numbering system used here is inorder. Now that the generic title for this series of symposia had become"Surfactants in Solution" (vide supra) and the proceedings of "t he 4thsymposium were chronicled in three volumes under this title, so it wasdeemed apposite that the future proceedings volumes emanating from thesesymposia be under this generic title. Concomitantly, these proceedingshave been billed as Surfactants in Solution Vols. 4, 5 and 6. This way,there is continuity and it should facilitate tracing of proceedingsvolumes from these symposia.

The current proceedings volumes containing 137 papers by manyauthors from a large number of countries are arranged in eight parts.Parts I and II constitute Volume 4; Volume 5 is comprised of Parts 111-VI; and Parts VII and VIII are the subject of Volume 6. The topicscovered include: Aggregation of surfactants; structure, dynamics andcharacterization of micelles; phase diagrams and phase behavior ofsurfactants in solution; behavior of reverse micelles; micellar catalysisand reactions in micelles; biological amphiphiles, bilayers, vesicles and

v

liposomes; adsorption of surfactants and behavior of mono layers;formation and characterization of microemulsions and reactions inmicroemulsions; adsorption and wetting transition; theories of surfacetension; foam chromatography; latices and emulsions; and mineralflotation. By the way, the papers in these proceedings have beenrearranged (from the order they were presented) to categorize them in amore logical manner. It must be recorded here that all papers were peerreviewed and most of these were sent back to respective authors forsuitable minor/major reVISions. As for Discussion, although no formaldiscussions of papers are included here, but there were lively (bothformally and informally) discussions throughout the duration of thesymposium.

Just a casual glance at the Table of Contents shows that there is atremendous amount of research activity in the area of surfactants insolution because of the widespread interest in this wonderful class ofmaterials . Surfactants play an important role in many areas of humanendeavor ranging from very mundane (washing clothes) to microelectronicsto synthetic blood. Although great strides have been made, but a lotmore needs to be fathomed about the behavior of surfactants in solution.As a matter of fact the area of molecular engineering, i.e., designingsurfactants with desired chemical moieties is an exciting one to thosewho are synthetically oriented, and these custom-made surfactants shouldbe a delight for those who are interested in understanding at a molecularlevel the behavior of these materials once they are in solution. Theinter-, trans- and multidisciplinary nature of surfactants in solution isquite patent from these proceedings, a s the contributors hail from grovesof academia to industrial R&D laboratories to other researchorganizations and represent a broad range of scientific disciplines.

We certainly hope these proceedings volumes will appeal to theseasoned researchers as a commentary on the current state of research inthis field, and as an entree for those who wish to make an excursion inthe arena of amphiphilic or amphipathic materials. As a matter of fact ,these proceedings and the previous volume~1-14 (a total of more than 7000pages) should provide a good reference source as well as a fountain ofnew research ideas.

Acknowledgements: One of us (KLM) would like to express his thanks to theappropriate management of IBM Corporation for permitting him toparticipate in the organization of this symposium and to edit theseproceedings. His special thanks are due to S.B. Korin for hiscooperation and understanding during the tenure of editing. Also KLMwould like to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of his wife,Usha, in more ways than one, and extends his appreciation to his children(Anita, Rajesh, Nisha and Seema) for rendering home atmosphere conduciveto work. We are grateful to the unsung heroes (reviewers) for their timeand efforts, and, of course, to the authors for their contributions,enthusiasm and patience. Special thanks to Ellen Raynor-Enco (PlenumPress) for her continued interest in this project.

Our thanks are due to the members of the Local Organizing Committee(Maryse Abarrategui, Anne Marie Bellocq, Jacques Biais, Bernard Clin,Georges Fourche, Monique Joussot-Dubien, Jacqueline Lalanne, PierreLal anne , Maryse Maugey and Jacques Mo ineau) who carried out splendidlythe many tasks and demands imposed on them by a symposium of thismagnitude and international character. We would like to express ourspecial appreciation to Bernard Clin and Pierre Lalanne for their specialefforts in making this symposium a success. The generous financial andother support of the following organizations is gratefully acknowledged .

vi

- Ville de Bordeaux- Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRSl- Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique- Conseil General de la Gironde- Societe Nationale Elf-Aquitane (Productionl- Compagnie Francaise des Petroles- Compagnie Francaise de Produits Industriels- PIRSEM- Universite de Bordeaux I- Societe L'OREAL

K.L. MittalIBM Corporate Technical Institutes500 Columbus Ave.Thornwood, N.Y. 10594

P. BothorelCentre de Recherches Paul PascalDomaine UniversitaireF-33405 Talence Cedex, FRANCE

1. K.L. Mittal, Editor, Micellization, Solubilization and Microemulsions,Vols. 1 & 2, Plenum Press, New York, 1977

2. K.L. Mittal, Editor, Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, Vols. 1 & 2,Plenum Press, New York, 1979

3. K.L. Mittal and E.J. Fendler, Editors, Solution Behavior ofSurfactants: Theoretical and Applied Aspects, Vols. 1 & 2, PlenumPress, New York, 1982.

4. K.L. Mittal and B. Lindman, Editors, Surfactants in Solution, Vols. 1,2 & 3, Plenum Press, New York, 1984.

vii

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5

PART III. REVERSE MI CELLES

Spectroscopic Evidence for a Unified Mechanism ofAggregation of Surfactant Molecules in Apolar Media

E. Gelade, A. Verbeeck and F. C. De Schryver • • . • • • •• . • . • • •• • •• 565

Reverse Micelles as Membrane Mimetic Agent - AStudy of Cholesterol Solubilization in Water -Aerosol OT - Isooctane System

A. Maitra and P. K. Patanjali ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 581

Amphiphilicity of Aerosol OT in Nonpolar SolventsA. Maitra .••••••••••.• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••.• ••••• 591

Charged Micelles in Surfactant-Water-NonaqueousLiqu id Systems

V. Novotny • • • • •• • • . • •• • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 601

Field Dissociat ion Effect of Aerosol OT in CyclohexaneZ. Randriamalala, A. Denat, J. P. Goss e,and B. Gosse •••••••••••• ••••••••••• •••• ••••.• · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 609

PART IV . MICELLAR CATALYSIS ANDREACTIONS IN MICELLES

Micellar Charge Effects Upon Spontaneous NucleophilicAdditions and Substitutions

C. A. Bunton, M. M. Mhala and J. R. Moffatt •••••••••••••• ••••• 625

Reaction Rate Control By Salt Effects in Micellar Catalys isR. Gaboriaud, J. Lelievre, G. Charbitand F. Dorion •••••••••• . • • • • ••••••••••••• ••••• .••• ••• ••••. •••• 637

Effects of Reversed Micelles on Prototropic Interactionsand Fluorescence Behavior of 5-Aminothiabendazole: AModel Bioaggregates System for Drugs

L. J. Cline Love and J. E. Noroski •• •••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 651

Micellar Effects on the Back Reaction Following PhotochemicalElectron Transfer From a Water Soluble Porphyr in to Mono andDialkylviologens

B. Lerebours, Y. Cheval ier, S. Chevalier,C. Baudin and M. P. Pileni •••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••• 663

ix

Photoelectron Transfer in Reverse Micelles: ChlorophyllUsed as a Sensitizer

P. Brochette, P. Math is and M. P. Pileni . ••••••••• •••••••••.•• 673

Hydrated Electron in Reverse Micelles Used as aStructural Probe

M. P. Pileni, T. Zemb, P. Brochette,B. Hickel and J. Milhaud 685

Hydrogenation Activity of Colloidal Cobalt Boride ParticlesSynthesized in the CTAB-l-Hexanol-Water Reversed MicellarSystems

I. Ravet, A. Gourgue and J . B. Nagy........... ...... ..... ..... 697

Spectrophotometric Studies on Some Dye-SurfactantComplexes

A. B. Zade and K. N. Munshi ••• •••••••••••••• • • •• ••••••••••• ••• 713

PART V. BIOLOGICAL AMPHIPHILES

Syntheses , Aggregate Morphologies, and Applicationsof Membrane-Forming Amphiphiles

T. Kunitake • ••••. •.•••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••• •.•••• •••••••••• 727

Structure of Liposomes by Electron MicroscopyJ. A. Zasadzinski, L. E. Scriven and H. 1. Davis.. 745

On the Interaction of Triton X-IOO WithMultilamel lar Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes

M. A. Urbaneja, J. L. R. Arrondo, A. Alonsoand F. M. Goni • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • •• • •• • • • • • • 759

Fluorescence Decay of Pyrene Probes in Small UnilamellarL, a -Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Vesicles Above thePhase Transition Temperature

M. Van den Zegel, D. Daems, N. Boensand F . C. De Schryver......................................... 773

Polymorphism and Phase Diagrams of SaturatedPhosphatidylethanolamines

J. M. Seddon, G. Cevc, K. Harlos, R. D. Kayeand D. Marsh •••••• •• •••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••••••••••••••• • ••• 783

N-Acylaminoacids: Amphiph ilic Properties andInteractions with the Lipid Bilayers

A. Sanson, M. Egret-Charlier, O. Bouloussa,R. Maget-Dana, M. Charles and M. Ptak 793

Physical Studies of Dilute Bile Salt-Lecithin MixturesR. E. Stark, G. J. Gosselin and M. F. Roberts 807

Interactions B~tween Steroidal Surfactants andHuman Milk Lipase

C. J. O'Connor and R. G. Wallace • • •• •• • • • •• • • • • • • •• • • • • • • ••• • • 817

x

Micellar Structure in Intestinal Bulk - Relationswith Mucosal Uptake

M. Lindheimer, J.-C. Montet, J. Rouviere,N. Kamenka and B. Brun .........•.•..•.••........•.•..•........ 829

The Effect of Long and Short Range Forces in AmphiphilicMonolayers at the LE-LC Transition

J. P. Legre, J. L. Firpo, G. Albinetand A. G. Bois........ .................... .................... 841

Binding of Detergents by Membrane ProteinsS. Kwee, J. V. Moller and M. l e Maire 853

Interaction Between Ionic Detergents and A ProteinY. Murata, M. Okawauchi, H. Kawamura,G. Sugihara and M. Tanaka..................................... 861

Lipid-Protein Interactions: A Reinvestigation of MelittinInduced Effects on the Structure and Dynamics ofPhosphatidylcholines

J. F. Faucon, J. L. Dasseux, J. Dufourcq,M. Lafleur, M. Pezolet, M. Le Maire andT. Gulik-Krzywicki •.•...•..•.••.•......•••.•.•.....••...•••... 873

The Action of 2Melittin on Biological Model Membranesas Viewed by H-NMR

E. J. Dufou r c , 1. C. P. Smith and J. Dufourcq ..•..•.•••..••..• 885

Deuterium NMR of Biological Membranes: Interactions ofPolyene Antibiotics With Cholesterol

E. J. Duf our c , H. C. Jarrell and 1. C. P. Smith............... 897

Binding of Short Synthetic Peptides at thePhospholipid Interface

F. Dousseau, J. F. Faucon and J. Dufourcq 907

Micellar Systems for Defining the Active Site ofPhospholipase-A : Methyl Branching in Short-ChainLecithins 2

C. D. DeBose, R. A. Burns, Jr.,and M. F. Roberts •••.•.••••.•••.••.••••.•••.....•.. ••••.••..•• 917

Short-Chain Lecithin/Triglyceride Mixed Particles: PhysicalStudies of the Surface Accessibility of Triglyceride andCorrelation' with Lipase Kinetics

R. A. Burns, Jr., J. M. Donovan, C. D. DeBose,and M. F. Roberts •.•••••••..••...••••.•••••••.••.•.•••..••.... 931

The Effect of Cysteamine, A Divalent-Like Molecule, onPolar Head Groups in DPPC Model Membranes; A Spin Label,DSC and Turbidimetry Study

F. Berleur, V. Roman, D. Jaskierowicz,F. Leterrier, andM. Fatome 943

Phase Transitions and Phase Separations Induced by CationicPolypeptides in Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol Bilayers:A Fluorescence Polarization Study

D. Carrier, J. Dufourcq, J.-F. Fauconand M. Pezo let •••••••••••••••••..•••..••..•..••••••.•..•••••.. 955

xi

PART VI. MONOLAYERS AND ADSORPTION OFSURFACTANTS

Self-Assembling Monolayers: A Study of Their Formation,Composition and Structure

J. Sagiv, J. Gun, R. Maoz and L. Netzer.................. ..... 965

On the Mechanism of Formation of Tridimensional PhasesFrom Monolayers at the Water-Air Interface

L. Dei, P. Baglioni and G. Gabrielli.......................... 979

Theory of Stabilization of Amphiphilic Films Due ToSurface Interaction Induced Order

H. Wendel..................................................... 995

Surface Diffusion in Fatty Acid MonolayersM. L. Agrawal and R. D. Neuman •••••••••.••••••••••••••••.••••• 1005

The Structure of Monolayers and Multilayers of Cyanine DyesMixed with Stearic Acid

M. Chazalet-Saint-Pierre and M. Dupeyrat •••••.•••••••.•••••••• 1015

The Interfacial Behavior of Proteins in Relation toTheir Structural Properties

W. Norde ••••••••••.•••••••••• ••••.•••••••••••••••••.••••.••••. 1027

Mutual Adsorption of Serum Albumin and Long-ChainCationic Surfactants at the Alumina-Water Interface

A. Samanta and D. K. Chattoraj 1041

The Effects of Polyoxyethylene Chain LengthDistribution on the Interface Properties ofPolyoxyethylenated n-Dodecyl Alcohols

Xia. Jiding (J. D.) and Hu , Zheng-yu ! 1055

Surface Interactions Between Two SimultaneouslyAdsorbing Surfactants: Mixtures of Anionic andCationic Surface Active Agents

J. Rodakiewicz-Nowak •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1067

Solution Chemistry Studies and Flotation Behaviourin Hydrolyzable Surfactant Systems

R. J. Pugh •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••• ••••••• 1081

Interfacial Adsorption of Surfactants in the Presenceof Polymers and Its Effect on Mineral Flotation

B. M. Moudgil and P. Somasundaran 1095

Wetting of Solids by Surface Active Agents: Dispersionand the Polar Surface Tension Components

K. S. Birdi and E. H. Stenby ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• 1105

The Effect of Surfactant Adsorption on the DynamicWetting of Fibers

K. T. Hodgson and J. C. Berg •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1113

About the Contributors

Index

xii

1121

xxi

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4

PART I. AGGREGATION OF SURFACTANTS, AND STRUCTURE, DYNAMICSAND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICELLES

Physical Principles of Surfactant Self-Association IntoMicelles, Bilayers, Vesi cles and Microemulsion Droplets

J . Israelachvili ..•.......... .••. •...... .• •..........•........ 3

Statistical-Thermodynami c Theory of Surfactant Organizat ionin Micelles and Bilayers

A. Ben-Shaul , I. Szleifer and W. M. Gelbart ... ... ......•...... 35

Model For Thermodynamics of Ionic Surfactant Solutions :Enthalpies, Heat Capacities, Volumes, Expansibilities, andCompressibilities

E. M. Woolley and T. E. Burchf ield . .• •... •.• • . •..... •. . . •... .. 55

Model For Thermodynamics of Ionic Surfactants: Effectof Electrolytes on Osmotic and Activit y Coefficients

T. E. Burchfield and E. M. Woolley.......... .. ................ 69

Thermodynamic Behaviour of Sodium Deoxycholate , SodiumDodecylsulphate and Sodium Tetradecylsulphate MicellarSolutions

I. Katime and J. L. Allende...... 77

Molar Volumes of Cationic Surfactants in KClConcentrated Salt Solut ions

H. Bahri, S. Bouguerra and P. Letellier

and NaCl

91

Excimer-Monomer Emission in Alkylbenzenesulfonates: A NewTechnique for Determining Critical Micellar Concentrations

M. Aoudia, M. A. J. Rodgers and W. H. Wade • . .......•......• •. 103

Dynamics of Organized Assemblies in SolutionR. Zana •. ••.••• •.....•..•.•••. .••...••.••.........•..•.•. •.... 115

Micelle Structure in Aqueous Solutions of PolyoxyethyleneSurfactants

M. Zulauf, K. Weckstrom, J . B. Hayter, V. Degiorgioand M. Corti ..•.•. ••..••..•..•..•.•...•....•.••..•....•..•..•. 131

Neutron and X-ray Comparative Study of Direct IonicMicelles

T. Zemb and P. Charpin . 141

Small-Angle, Neutron Scattering From Aqueous Solutions ofC E6 and C1ZES: Critical Fluctuations and Micellar GrowthlZ L. J. Hagld, R. Triolo, E. Caponetti, and

J. S. Johnson, Jr , . .•.•.. 155

xiii

Positronium Diffusivity- and Lifetime Parameters and theMicellar Structure in Aqueous (DZO) Solutions

Sz. Vass, Zs. Kajcsos and B. Molnar • •.• •• . ••.• • •. . •• .••• • • •• ••• 179

Raman Scattering in Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Dodecy l SulfateM. Picquart and M. Laborde • • • • •.... •. •..••.. ••. • •.. • . ••• • •... •. 189

The I nf l uen ce of Ele c t r os t a t i c Repulsions on Mice l larDiff usivi ties Obtai ned by Dynamic Light Sca t teri ng :Experimen t vs . Theory

D. F. Nicoli, V. Athanasakis , J . R. Moffatt,C. A. Bunton, R. B. Dorshow and G. Savelli •.••• • •. • . .•• •• •.• •• 203

Quasielastic Light Scat tering on TetradecyltrialkylammoniumBromide

A. K. Chattopadhyay , L. Be l l oni , M. Driffordand M. Dubois.. .. ... ...... .. . .. ... ........... .... ...... ...... . 217

Effect of Elec trolytes and Hydrocarbons on the Cloud Poi ntTransit ion of C12E8 Solu tions

M. Cor ti ana C. Minero, L. Can t u, V. Degiorgioand R. Piazza • . .•••• .• • . • • •. • . ..• • . ••. •. •.• • •. .. • . • ••. •. • •. .• 233

Structural and Dynamic Consequences of Amphiphi le Hydration:Their Origin and Analytical Molecular Force Theory

G. Cevc and J . M. Seddon.. . .. ....... .. .... .. .. ..... 243

~lectron Spin Echo Modulation Studies of Doxylstearic AcidNitroxide Spin Probe Locations in Micelles

R. Maldonado, E. Szajdzinska-Pietek, L. Kevanand R. R. M. Jones .. .... .. ... .... .... ... .. ........ .. .. ... ..... 253

Critical-type Behavior and Mice llar Growth Observed in anIonic Surfactant/Salt System

R. B. Dorshow, C. A. Bunton and D. F. Nicoli.. ... ....... .... .. 263

Perturbation of Micellar Size and Charge by Addition oft-Amyl Alcohol

V. Athanassakis, D. C. McKenzie, C. A. Buntonand D. F. Nicoli 271

Anionic Surf actants With Divalent Gegenions of Diffuse orSeparate Electric Charge: Solubility and Micelle Formation

R. Matuura, Y. Moroi , and N. Ikeda ... ...... ... ..... .. ... ..... 289

Effec t of Alcohol and Oi l on t he Dynamics of Micel lesJ . Lang . ••• . . . • •• . ••• •• . • . • •.• • . • . •• •••• • • . • • • . •• • • . • .• . . .• .•• 299

Structural Changes in Aqueous Micellar Systemsand a Cationic Surfact ant

H. Hoiland, K. Veggeland, and S. Backlund

of an Anionic

309

Scaling Laws in Semi-Dilute Aqueous Solutions ofAlkyltrimethy lammonium and Alkylpyridinium Bromides

E. Hirsch, S . J . Candau and R. Zana . •.•.• •.• . •. • • • .. • •. . ..••.• 317

Effec t of Added Oi l on Aqueous AlkyltrimethylammoniumBromide Micel les in the Presence of Al coho l

E. Hirsch, S . J . Candau and R. Zana • • • ••••• . • •. •.•• •. •• •. • •. • 325

xiv

Influence of Dissolved Additives on the Cr itical MicellarConcentration of Surfactants

A. Derzhanski, S. Panayotova, G. Popov and I . Bivas 333

The Influence. of Solubiliz ed Additives on SurfactantSolutions Containing Rodl i ke Micelles

O. Bayer, H. Hoffmann and W. Ulbricht •••.•.• •..•....••..•.•.• 343

The Interaction of 2-Naphtholate Ion With Some Cation icSurfactants in Aqueous Solution

O. A. Amire and H. D. BurroW's................... .............. 363

Strengthening of Hydrophobic Bonding and the Increasein the Micellar Degree of Ionization in Cetyltrimethyl-Ammonium Bromide Aqueous Solutions by Amphiphiles andthe Micelle-Water Distribution Coefficient

M. Abu-Hamdiyyah and C. M. El-Danab •.••• ••.•.••.••.•.•.•••.••. 375

Nonideality of Mixing of MicellesN. Funasaki, S. Hada and S. Neya 383

Mixed Micelles of Dodecyltr imethylammonium Bromide withSodium Dodecyl Sulfate Studied by ESR of Nitroxide Probes

P. Baglioni •••••••.•.•.••.••.•...•••.•.•...••••.•••.••••• ••.•. 393

Mixed Micelle Structure: Cosurfactant and Charge Infl uenceY. Chevalier, L. Belloni, J. B. Hayterand T. Zemb .•••.••.••....••.•.•..•••..•••...••..•.•...•••...•. 40 5

Photon Correlation Studies on the Micelles of aPoly(Oxyethylene)-Poly(Oxypropylene) - Poly (Oxyethyl ene)Block Copo l yme r in Aqueous Solution

D. AttW'ood, J. H. Collett and C. J. Ta it •••••.••••••••.....•. 4 19

PART II. PHASE DIAGRAMS AND PHASE BEHAVIOROF SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS

On the Theory of Micellar Size in Isotropic and NematicSurfactant Solutions

W. M. Gelbart, A. Ben-Shaul and W. E. McMullen •••..••••..••..• 429

Applications of Catastrophe Theory to Surfactant-Oil-Brine Equilibrated and Emulsified Systems

J .-L. Salager •.•••••••••.•••••••.•..•••••••••••...•••••....••. 43 9

Molecular Order and Dynamics in Short ChainAlkylphosphate/Water Mesophases

J. P. Quaegebeur, B. Perly, C. Chachaty 449

Critical Fluctuations, Micelle Kinetics and PhaseDiagram of Water - Nonionic Surfactant, H20 - C12E6R. Strey and A. Pakusch •....•..••.•.•••.••••.•••••••.•.•.....• 465

Modelling of Phase Behavior of Micel lar Systems Used forEnhanced Oil Recovery

L. Prouvos t and G. A. Pope.................................... 473

xv

Staining and Drying-Induced Artifacts in ElectronMicroscopy of Surfactant Dispersions; III: Evidencefrom Optical Microscopy and a Negative Staining Case

P. K. Kilpatrick, W. G. Millerand Y. Talmon ••. •••.••••••••••••••.••... •.••• ••••. •• •.••••.••• 489

Phase Behavior of SDS/AOT/Water SystemsT. J. Hart, R. F. Kamrath, and E. I. Franses ••.•••.• .••••••.. • 501

Aggregation and Dynamical Behavior in Sodium DiethylhexylPhosphate/Water/Benzene Inverted Micelles

A. Faure , A. M. Tistchenko and C. Chachaty •••.••••••• • ••.••• •• 511

Three Dimensional Phase Diagram of Nonionic Surfactants :Effect of Salinity and Temperature

M. Buzier and J. C. Ravey 525

Water Dynamics in Micellar and LyotropizPhasej70f theDodecylammonium Chloride/DZO System by Hand 0Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation

M. P. Bozonnet-Frenot, H. Nery, J.-P. Marchaland D. Canet 537

Study of Salt Partitioning in Winsor II SystemsM. Barthe, J. Biais, M. Bourrel, B. Clinand P. La lanne ..••• •••• •••.•• •• • •••••••••••.•••• •.•.• ••••••••• 543

About the Contributors •. •....•............. •. ••.. •. •. •.. ••......... 551

Index

x0

xxi

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6

PART VII MICROEMULSIONS AND REACTIONSIN MICROEMULSIONS

Solubilization in MicroemulsionsF. Verzaro, M. Bourrel and C. Chambu ••••...•.•. •.••.•••. ••...• 1137

Low Interfacial Tension in Microemuls ion SystemsO. Abillon, D. Chatenay, D. Guest ,D. Langevin and J. Meunier. .. . ...... . ... ...................... 1159

Phase Separation in MicroemulsionsS. A. Safran, L. A. Turkevich and J . S. Huang

Theory of Shape Transitions in MicroemulsionsL. A. Turkevich, S. A. Safran and P. A. Pincus

1167

1177

Pressure Induced Phase Transition of an OilExternal Microemulsion

M. W. Kim, J. Bock, J. S. Huang, and W. Gallagher 1193

Microemulsion Phase in Equilibrium With BirefringentSurfactant-Rich Phases

A. T. Papaioannou, H. T. Davis and L. E. Scriven

Viscosity of Microemulsion Versus SalinityA. T. Papaioannou, H. T. Davis and L. E. Scriven

1203

1213

The Pseudophase Model for Microemulsion: Winsor'sDiagrams in Pseudophase Space for the Betaine,Pentanol, Decane, and Water System

J . Biais, M. Barthe , B. Clin and P. Lalanne ••.••• ••.... • •...•• 1223

Effect of Anionic Surfactants on the Partitioning ofNonionic Surf act ants Between Oil/Microemulsion/Water Phases

A. Graciaa, J. Lachaise, M. Bourrel,R. S. Schechter, and W. H. Wade •.•••.•• •• •• • •••..••.•••• •..••• 1231

Critical Behavior in a Microemulsion System:I - Experimental Evidence for Field Like Variable

D. Roux and A. M. Bellocq •.•.••...•.•••. ••••.••••••.•.•••••••. 1247

Critical Behavior in Microemulsion System:II - Experimental Evidence for a ContinuousVariation of Critical Exponents

A. M. Bellocq, P. Honorat and D. Roux •• • •• •.••• ...•..• •..••••• 1263

xvii

A Critical Study of Models of Solutions Via VapourPressure Measurements of Microemulsions

J. 'Biais, J. F. Bodet, B. Clin and P. Lalanne 1277

Neutron Small Angle Scattering Studies of MicroemulsionsShowing Critical Behaviour: Structure of the Winsor IIIPhase

J. Tabony and A. de Geyer....... ......... ....... . ....... .... .. 1287

Analysis of SANS Data From Dense MicroemulsionsM. Kotlarchyk, J. S. Huang, M. W. Kimand S. H. Chen. ......... . ........ ............. . .. ..... ...... .. 1303

Analysis of Critical Scattering Data FromAOT/D20/n-Decane Microemulsions

S. H. Chen, T. L. Lin and M. Kotlarchyk

Investigation of the Microemulsion Phase Structure ofPolyphasic Systems by Time Domain Spectroscopy andLight Scattering

C. Boned, J. Peyrelasse, A. Graciaa and J. Lachaise

Evidences of Structural Chang es in Reverse MicroemulsionSystems Formulated with Nonionic Surfactants

C. Tondre, A. Xenakis, A. Robert and G. Serratrice

1315

1331

1345

NMR as a Complementary Technique to the Small AngleNeutron Scattering: Study of Nonionic AqueousMicroemulsions of Perfluorocarbons

M.-J. Stebe, G. Serratrice, J.-C. Raveyand J .-J. Delpuech ••••••.••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••• •••••• 1357

Luminescent - Probe Study of Water-in-OilMicroemulsions

P. Lianos, R. Zana, J. Lang and A. M. Cazabat ..••• •• •••••••••• 1365

Diffusion Coefficients in MicroemulsionsD. Chatenay, P. Guering, W. Urbach, A. M. Cazabat,D. Langevin, J. Meunier, L. Leger and B. Lindman •••.•••••• •••• 1373

Ell ipsometry in MicroemulsionsL. Tenebre, G. Haouche and B. Brun 1383

Waterless Microemulsions - 3: Formamidea Substitute of Water

I. Rico and A. Lattes 1397

Investigations into the Mechanism of Formati~n ofWater-in-Xylene Microemulsions using InterfacialTens ion Measurements

R. C. Baker and r s. F. Tadros............... .......... ...... .. 1409

Structure of a Fluorinated Nonionic O/W MicroemulsionJ.-C. Ravey, M.-J. Stebe and R. Oberthur • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1421

Fluorocarbon Microemulsions: An Attempt to RationalizeTheir Formation

M. C. Malet-Martino, J. Roques,C. Ceschin and A. Lattes • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1431

xviii

Formulation and Properties of an Alcohol-Free,Pharmaceutical Microemulsion System

K. A. Johnson and D. O. Shah • • •••• ••..••••••••••.••.•..•• •• .•• 1441

Phys ico-ChemicalMicroemu lsions:

J. Georges,

Study of Water/Methylene ChlorideEffect of Alcohol CosurfactantA. Berthod and N. Arnaud ••••••.••••••.• •. ••.. ••... 1457

Mod ification of Polyacrylamide Microlatices by UsingA Seeding Procedure

C. Holtzscherer, S. J. Candau and F. Candau •.•.•.••• •..•••..•• 1473

PART VIII. GENERAL PAPERS

Statist ical Mechanics of Adsorption and Wetting TransitionsH. T. Davis, R. E. Benner, Jr.,L. E. Scriven and G. F. Teletzke •••••••••••• •••• • ••••.••.•. • •• 1485

Theories of Surface Tens ionB. Widom .•••••.••• ••.••.•••• .••.••••.••••••••.•. •••• •.••••••. • 1525

A New Method for Measuring Film and Line TensionsA. D. Nikolov, P. A. Kralchevsky and I. B. Ivanov

Hydrostatics of Spherical Thin FilmsP. A. Kralchevsky and I. B. Ivanov

1537

1549

Interfacial Activity of PolydimethylsiloxaneM. J . Owen 1557

Foam Chromatography: Recent DevelopmentsY. Talmon and E. Rubin 1571

Electron Microscopy in the Research of Surf act antsin Solution

Y. Talmon .• •••••.•••• • •.•••••••.••••••••••••••••••••. •••• ••••. 1581

Drag Reduction in Aqueous Solution ofHexadecyltrimethylammonium Salicylate

D. Ohlendorf and W. Interthal ••• •• • •••.••.••••••..••.•.•• • •••. 1589

Concerning the Nature of Heat Sensitivity ofNatural Latex

O. Shepelev, N. Meiry and M. Shepelev •••• .••••••••• ••• •.•••..• 1599

Diffusion Effects inStabilized Latexes

J. A. Baker, D.

the Flocculation of Surfactant-

A. Parsons and J. C. Berg 1607

The Rheological Properties of Water-in-Crude-Oil Emulsions

A. Stockwell, A. S. Taylor and D. G. Thompson 1617

Physicochemical Characterization of Two PhaseSystems Employed in Emulsion Polymerization

M. M. Marinescu, C. M. Boghina, N. N. Marinescu,M. V. Dimonie, V. I. Butucea, A. Sarbu, C. I. CincuG. Popescu, C. Georgescu and C. G. Oprescu •••• ••.••••••.•.• •.. 1633

xix

Influence of Crude Oil and Surfactant Concentration onthe Rheology and Flowing Properties of Heavy CrudeOil-in-Water Emulsions

J. L. Grosso, M. I. Briceno, J. Paterno and I. Layrisse . •••••• 1653

The Effect of Polysaccharides on the Stab ility ofOil-in-Water Emuls ions

N. R. Gladwell, M. S. R. Hennock , A. M. Howe,A. R. Mackie, R. R. Rahalkar and M. M. Robins 1675

Inversion of Surfactant-ail-Brine Emulsif ied Systems :Generalized Mapping and Property Transitions

P. Jarry, M. Minana-Perez, and J. L. Salager ••.••• •..•.•• •••• • 1689

X-ray Diffraftion Study of Suspensions of Toluene WithC~3(CH2) -iN (CH3)3-type Montmorillonite, Wheren-l, 2,6, H, 0 , 12,14, 16 and 18

Y. Fukushima ••••••• •• ••••• ••••• •••••• •••• ••••.••• •••.•••••• •• • 1697

Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on the Stabilityof Hydrophobic Sols

G. D. Botsaris, Yu. M. Glazman, and G. P. Beronja 1705

The Possibility of Using Disulfonated CosurfactantFor Enhanced Oil Recovery

Y.-C. Chiu •• • •••••• • •.•••••••••••••• ••.•••••••..•.•• •••••••.•• 1715

The Role of Silicone Surfactants in Coal DewateringO. L. Flaningam, M. J. Owen, D. J. Romeneskoand A. Zombeck ••••••••••• • ••.•••••••• •• •••.•••• ••.. • •••••••••• 1731

About the Contributors 1747

Index

xx

xxi