Living_on_Mars by anudeep

8/7/2019 Living_on_Mars by anudeep

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BY:

B.ANUDEEP

LIVING ON MARSLIVING ON MARS


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Living on Mars

1. Earth and Mars

2. Why would we want to live on Mars?

3. The challenges of living on Mars

4. What will we need, and how can we get allthese things?

5. Health & Fitness

6. Terraforming


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Earth and Mars

Radius: 12746km

Gravity: 1g

Luna


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Earth Mars

Distance from Sun 150Gm (1AU) 228Gm (1.5AU)

Atmosphere 101.3kPa78% N221% O2

1% Ar

0.6kPa95% CO23% N2

2% Ar

Temperature 185 331K

Mean: 287K (14C)

133 293K

Mean: 210K (-63C)Length of solar day 24h 1 sol= 24h 40m

Length of year 365.25d 668.6 sols (1.88y = 687d)

Axial tilt 23.4 25.2

Earth and Mars

Mars receives only 43% of the sunshine that Earth does, but

has no magnetosphere or ozone layerto block radiation.


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Why would we want to

live on other worlds?

Survive asteroid impacts.

Population growth.

Develop many newtechnologies & systems.

Develop a global view of

Earth.For the challenge andadventure!


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Mars is by far our best choice forcolonisation:

Close to Earth (and asteroids)

Warmth and light

Length of day


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Has seasons like Earth

Resources atmosphere,water, metals

Potential for terraforming


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The challenges of

living on Mars

Cold!

Very thin and toxic atmo.Water frozen solid.

High radiation.

Low gravity.

Long way from home.

No shops!


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What will we need to

live on Mars?

Physical needs:

Water

Air

Food

Warmth

SunshineClothing

Buildings

Technological needs:

Electricity

Materials

Tools

Computers &

communicationsVehicles & fuel

Robots


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WATER

Plenty of water, frozen.

But: Very cold ice is harder than rock

very hard to dig.

Solution: Heat up the ground, cause ice tosublimate, and capture the steam.


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AIR

Earth: 20% O2, 80% N2

Can make air like this onMars!

N2 from Mars atmo

O2 from:

CO2H2O

Fe2O3, SiO2, etc.

Recycle using plants

(photosynthesis)


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FOOD

Mars soil is not suited forlife (yet).

Food is grown in sealedgreenhouses.

Hydroponics growingplants without soil.

Aquaponics fish farmingcombined withhydroponics.

Chickens & eggs


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MAKING FERTILE SOIL

Process Mars soil to

make it less toxic.

Add some nutrients

Recycle food scraps &manure.

Use earthworms


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CLOTHING, etc.

Hemp ultra-useful plant

Cloth

Canvas for shoes, bags, etc.

Rope

Lubricants, paint, plastics

Hemp oil nutritional supplement,

skin cream

Eventually: wool & leather


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BUILDINGS

Biggest problem radiation.

Three plans:

1.Surface structures

2.Underground

3.Domes


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BUILDINGS

Surface structures pile dirt on the roof.

Underground protection from radiation,

and easier to keep warm (but need big

machines to dig).Domes Glass or plastic, maybe

inflatable.


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MATERIALS

Iron & steel

Need for many things:buildings, tools, kitchenitems, furniture,vehicles, robots, etc.

Mars is covered in iron!(rust)

Make steel usingcarbon from atmo.


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MATERIALS

Many other metalsavailable on Mars.

Can also make bricks,concrete, glass andplastics from local

resources.


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Electricity

Nuclear: problematic onEarth, even worse on Mars.

Also, would have to finduranium.

Solar: possible, but lesssunlight on Mars.

Wind!Lots of wind on Mars;the air is thin, but high-speed.


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VEHICLES & FUEL

Pressurized rovers

Gliders, planes,

balloons

Rockets, spaceships

Walking rovers

Good fuel: methane (CH4) & oxygen (O2) easyto make from Mars atmo and water.


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ROBOTS

Will play a big part incolonising Mars.

Digging, mining,construction, exploration,transportation.

Electronics from Earth.

Bodies could be importedfrom Earth, or made on Marsfrom steel and other metals.


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WHATWILL WE NEEDTO

BRING FROM EARTH?

Life support equipment

Electronics, computers &

communications gearRobots, machinery, motors,tools

Solar panels, windmills

Seeds, animalsCooking equipment

Games, books, musicalinstruments


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HEALTH & FITNESS

Low gravity means loss of bone and muscle.Need lots of strength training.

High radiation increases risk of cancer & geneticmutation.

Stay inside during solar flares.

Air, food & water probably better than Earth!

Build parks to play in, and to provide sunshine(artificial or real)


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SPORT ON MARS!

Rock-climbing,

Hang-gliding

Rover racing

Gliding,

ballooning

Flying with wings!Snow sports


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TERRAFORMING

Making Mars environment hospitable to

organisms from Earth.


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WARMING MARS

Create global warming using

PFCs (perfluorocarbons) a powerful greenhouse

gas.


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WARMING MARS

Use mirrors in space to reflect more

sunlight onto Mars.

Heating Mars causes frozen CO2 to

sublime, thickening atmo and causingmore warming a runaway greenhouse.


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ADDING NITROGEN

To make a thick atmosphere like Earth,need lots of nitrogen. Some on Mars, but

probably not enough.Can get more N2 from Venus or Titan.Venus closer, but Titan easier.

Venus:

96.5% CO2

3.5% N2

Titan:

98.4% N2

1.6% CH4


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ADDING LIFE

With warmth & liquidwater, life can grow.

Biosphere develops with climate, frompolar/alpine towards temperate/tropical.

Genetic engineering.


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BUILDING ABIOSPHERE

1. Begin with some hardy radiation- andcold-resistant microbes.

2. As lakes form, add aquatic plants these convert the atmo to oxygen. Waterprovides protection from UV.

3. Aquatic animals.


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BUILDING ABIOSPHERE

4. Rising oxygen levels cause an ozone(O

3

) layer to form, providing UV protectionon land.

5. Plants on land, then animals.

6. Eventually humans can walk around onMars without a spacesuit.


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ROBOT GARDENERS!

Robots will be much

more advanced in 100years.

They can plant seeds

in the best spots, and

look after the plantsand animals.


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Whos making plans?

Mars Society analog studies, research,

promoting manned Mars missions(www.marssociety.org.au)

Mars Homestead designing a future Marssettlement. (www.marshome.org)

4 Frontiers company planning to build Marssettlement. (www.4frontierscorp.com)

Red Colony open source plan for colonisingand terraforming Mars. (www.redcolony.com)


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DO YOUWANTTO

GOTO M

ARS?

You will need:

Skills, education,and/or experience.

Some scientificknowledge.

Good health & fitness.

Good people skills.

A range of interests.


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Living_on_Mars by anudeep

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