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UNIT-IV

LIVING ROOM FURNISHING

The living room has a dual purpose; for relaxation

and entertainment.

Sofa Covers

The sofa is the piece of furniture that probably

gets used more in the home than any other piece

of furniture. We tend to sit on that in order to

watch TV, enjoy a little bit of family time and

perhaps even eat. Not only does it get used often,

it is also the piece of furniture that tends to receive

the most spills. Finding slip covers for sofa

cushions, therefore, is important if we want tomake sure that the piece of furniture itself does

not get too dirty.

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The reason why slip covers for sofa seats and back

cushions are so important is because many of us

do not want to soil the actual piece of furniture. It

is one problem if we soiled the slipcover but quite

another if we damage the piece of furniture.

A slipcover can either be thrown into the washing

machine or perhaps replaced if it is damaged

irreparably. The last thing that we would want to

do is to spend a couple of hundred dollars on a

new sofa, simply because we did not spend a little

bit of money on a slipcover.

Main Types of Sofa Covers

The two main types of slip covers for sofacushions include fitted and overlay slipcovers.

The fitted covers are going to provide you with

the neatest book and one that helps you to keep

the original look of the sofa.

Very few of us buy sofas because we plan on

covering them up, not liking the way that we look.

If you get a fitted slip cover, you are able to keep

the original look of the sofa, while protecting the

actual sofa itself. One of the interesting things is

that you will be able to change colors easily with

the use of slip covers, something that most people

enjoy doing as well.

You may also be able to get overlay slip covers

for sofa cushions as well. These are a little bit

sloppier looking for because they cover the entire

sofa, back, cushions and all. They are very

effective, however, at keeping the sofa clean and

still allowing it to be usable.

Many people offer this type of slip cover whatever

they have young children in order to allow them

to live in the environment but still have a cleansofa underneath. Whenever a company comes, it

is a simple thing to remove the slip cover and

have a new looking sofa in the room.

Slip cover

A slipcover (also called loose cover) is a fitted

protective cover that may be slipped off and on a

piece of upholstered furniture. Slipcovers are

usually made of cloth. Slipcovers slip on and off,they come fresh, and may be removed for seasonal

change, cleaning, moving, or storage.

Slipcovers are sometimes defined as "clothing for

furniture." Indeed, they are tailored just as

clothing is, and are fitted loosely or snugly to the

taste of the owner or tailor. Some people order

furniture upholstered in plain muslin with the

intention of using slipcovers only

Slipcover Tips To Brighten Your Decor And

Protect Your Furniture

Slipcovers are a great option to reupholstering the

old fabric on your furniture and giving that

favorite old sofa or chair a whole new life. Not

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only are slipcovers inexpensive, but they offering

an endless array of designs and materials.

Perhaps your sofa, recliner or loveseat is showing

its age with years of use, or maybe you simply

want a different pattern or color in your furniture.

So, what are your choices?

Well, you can go to a furniture store and purchase

the latest recliner from La-Z-Boy or a sofa from

Lane and pay the expensive costs.

You can also take in your chair or sectional to an

upholstery shop and have it reupholstered. Not

only is it expensive, it is also a hassle in taking it

to the shop. Do you really want to move your

furniture?

Slipcovers are the third option and for many they

are they are the best option. Regardless if it is sofa

slipcovers, chair slipcovers or even a dining room

chair slipcover, you can rest assured in knowing

there is a huge selection to choose from.

Styles

There are furniture covers available in every style

imaginable. From modern and contemporary to

country and many more. From solid colors to

different prints you can find something that fits

your taste.

FabricCorduroy slipcovers are very popular right now,

but there are a multitude of other choices available

as well. You can find materials made of cotton,

linen, denim, polyester to name just a few.

Linens

Linens are fabric household goods, such as

pillowcases and towels.

Originally, many, such as bed sheets and

tablecloths, were made of linen. Today, the term

"linen" has come to be applied to all related

products even though most are made of cotton,

various synthetic materials, or blends. These may

be referred to as white goods (as high quality

linen was bleached in the sun until it was pure

white in color). Stores offering sales on these

items may advertise a white sale, despite having a

wide variety of actual colors of items for sale.

List of linens

bed sheet

blanketdishcloth

dishtowel

doily

napkin

Pat Freund

placemat

pillowcase

tablecloth

table runner

towel

mittensWashcloth

Upholstery

Upholstery is the work of providing furniture,

especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing,

and fabric orleathercovers. The word upholsterycomes from the Middle English words up and

holden, meaning to hold up. The term is applied to

domestic furniture and also to automobiles,

airplanes and boats. A person who works withupholstery is called an upholsterer; an apprentice

upholsterer is sometimes called an outsider or

trimmer.

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TYPES OF FABRICS USED AS LINENS

Basket weave:Variation on a plain weave; two

over, two under.

Broadcloth : A tightly woven lustrous cotton

cloth with fine embedded crosswide ribs. It

resembles poplin and is used extensively in shirts

and blouses, as well as homedecorating.

Butcher's Linen : It was originally a heavy,

sturdy linen fabric used for French butchers'

aprons. This type of heavy fabric was also used

for interfacing.

Burn-Out Prints : Printing with a chemical

substance that destroys the fiber in the pattern

design print area.

Cashmere

: Comes from the inner coat hair of an Asian

Cashmere Goat.Cut-And-Loop Pile : Made with a combination

of both loop and cut yarns and can be either level

or multilevel.

Corduroy : A ribbed, pile fabric. Comes in

various weights and weaves. Used widely for both

apparel and home furnishings

Chambray : A plain-weave fabric made of color

warp yarn and white fill yarn.

Combed Cotton : The combing process removes

the short fibers and any debris that may be in thefiber when it was in the field. A cleaner, more

uniform and lustrous yarn results.

Chenille : A fuzzy cotton yarn or fabric that has

pile protruding around it. Chenille is the French

word for caterpillar.

Chintz : Glazed cotton fabric, often printed. Used

widely in upholstery fabric.

Cotton Sheers : Batiste, lawn, organdy, and voile

are all cotton sheers. Used for both home and

apparel products.

Damask : A patterned cotton fabric made on a jacquard loom. It is used for decorative fabrics

and fine apparel.

Duck : Also known as canvas. A rugged plain-

weave cloth.

Dotted Swiss : Lightweight, sheer, fine-yarn

fabric with small dotted areas that have been

either woven or flocked to achieve the dot effect.

Double Knit : A circular, knit fabric of double

thickness.

Dye Lot : Variations in the chemical

concentrations from one batch to the next

Reversible fabrics.

Denim : A rugged, durable twill fabric that is

most popular in indigo blue. Denim rules the

casual apparel world, but it has also become

popular in decorative fabrics for the home.

Embroidery : Art of creating and producing

raised designs or motifs on woven fabrics.

Flannel : A plain-weave cloth heavily brushed for

softness. Often used in apparel and sheets.

Flax : Comes from the stem or stalk of the flax

plant; when flax is woven, it produces linen.

Greige Goods : (pronounced gray) Loom-state

cloth that has not received dry and wet finishing.

Herringbone : Considered a broken twill because

both right and left-hand twill resemble the

backbone of a herring fish.

Interlock : A double-knit, plain-stitched fabric

that looks the same on both sides. Used for home

and apparel.

Jersey : A single-knit, plain-stitched fabric with a

face side that is distinctly different from the back

side. Used for both home and apparel consumerproducts. Recently, American manufacturers have

introduced cotton jersey for bed linens.

Jacquard : The jacquard loom produces elaborate

cloth weaves that are very important for

decorative fabrics, such as tapestries, brocade, and

damask.

Jacquard : Design that includes very detailed,

intricate motifs.

Jute : Bast fiber that grows in the stem section of

a plant in India; Yellow and brown in color;

Coarse and harsh.Mercerized Cotton : A wet finishing process for

cotton yarn or fabric, which results in a stronger

and more lustrous yarn that takes dye better with

brighter, deeper colors.

Matelass : A dobby or jacquard cotton fabric.

The pattern stands out to give a quilted look for

bedspreads and other home fabrics, or fine apparel

fabrics.

Natural Fiber : Found in plants or animals.

Oxford : A group of cotton fabrics, including

pinpoint, made with a modified plain or basketweave. Used primarily for shirting.

Poplin : A fabric with a fine horizontal rib effect

on the surface because of a warp yarn finer than

the filling yarn; usually a high-thread-count cloth.

Poplin is used for high-quality shirting.

Pique : Medium-weight, crisp, cotton-type fabric

with raised dobby designs.

Plain Weave : Yarn passes alternately one over,

one under until the yarn is full.

Polyester : Manufactured fiber in which the fiber-

forming substance is any long-chain syntheticpolymer composed of at least 85% by weight of

an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic.

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Pima Cotton : It is from Egyptian cotton, is an

excellent quality cotton fabric.

Pliss : Fabric treated with a solution that shrinks

parts of the goods to create a crinkle or pleated

effect. Used for both home and apparel.

Polished Cotton : It is either a satin weave cotton

or a plain weave cotton that is finished chemically

to appear shiny.

Percale : A smooth, finely combed woven

sheeting with a minimum thread count of 180

threads per square inch.

Sateen : A silky smooth fabric that has a lustrous

sheen resembling satin.

Swiss : It is a sheer, very fine cotton that can be

plain or decorated with dots or other designs.

Screen Printing : Printing formed by engraved

rollers.

Sham : A decorative covering for a pillow on a

bed with a decorative flange.Sateen : A satin weave fabric with a smooth,

lustrous surface. Used for both home and apparel.

Silk : Continuous strands of filament fiber found

in a cocoon.

Striped Sateen : A woven-in weave of section-

striped pattern. (see Sateen)

Sheeting : Plain-woven, carded yarn cloth in

medium and heavy weights. When the thread

count is low, sheeting is defined as muslin. When

the thread count is high and the yarn is combed,

sheeting is defined as percale.Seersucker : A lightweight cotton fabric with a

woven crinkle achieved by altering tension in the

warp yarns. Seersucker is synonymous with the

classic summer suit.

Table Skirt : Gathered, tailored, or pleated piece

of fabric that reaches from the top of the box

spring to the floor.

Terry Cloth : A cotton fabric with moisture-

absorbing loop pile covering the entire surface on

one or both sides. Used for home fashions, as well

as summer apparel.Twill : Identified by the diagonal lines on its face.

It is an incredibly versatile fabric.

Velour : A term applied to cut pile cloths in

general. Velour is soft, luxurious and widely used.

Venise : It is a very fine damask table linen

consisting of large floral patterns.

Velveteen is an all cotton pile fabric with short

pile resembling velvet.

Velvet : A warp-pile fabric with short, densely

woven cut pile, giving the fabric a soft, rich

texture.

Wool : Fibers that form the covering of a sheep.

Whipcord is a strong fabric with a diagonal round

cords that can also be produced in wool.

Terminology IN LIVING ROOM FURNISHING

Bedcover entitled "Buildings, Animals and

Shields", Albany, New York, c. 1890. Art Institute

of Chicago collections.

Bed skirt (also bed ruffle, dust ruffle or

valance): A decorative piece used to cover the

boxspring and legs of the bed. It fits between the

mattress and boxspring and hangs to the floor.

Bed spread: Abed coverwith sides that go to the

floor. This does not require a bed skirt.

Boudoir pillows (or breakfast pillows): Small

rectangular decorative throw pillows.

Comforter: A filled bed cover that is quilted and

usually reversible. They require a bed skirt to

complete the look, as the sides only go about

halfway to the floor.

Drop: The length of a bed skirt.Duvet cover: A decorative and protective

covering for a duvet. Most duvet covers have a

button or tie closure at one end.

European sham (or Euro sham): A decorative

pillow covering which fits a large 26 x 26

pillow. These are often placed behind the standard

size pillow shams as a backdrop for all of the

other pillows.

Flanged: Including a decorative band of fabric

that is straight or tailored; often used to describe

pillows or pillow shams.Hotel bedding: Sheets with a high-thread count,

to emulate the high quality bedding materials that

hotels use. Often in neutral colors. Hotels often

use high-quality bedding materials to maximize

comfort for their customers.

Neckroll: Small cylindrical decorative throw

pillows.

Pillow shams: Decorative coverings for pillows,

often designed with trims, ruffles, flanges, or

cording. Shams are normally placed behind the

pillows used to sleep on, which would be coveredwith regular pillowcases.

Pleated: Sewn in folds like a fan.

Tailored: Fitted closely, i.e. made to fit the bed

exactly.

Thread count: The number of thread ends per

square inch in a woven fabric.

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Wall Hangers

Keep your mirrors, paintings, photographs and

prints from crashing to the ground by choosing the

right picture hangers or wall fasteners. The type of

wall surface and the weight of the objects you

want to hang are important things to consider.

Instructions

1

Weigh the object you wish to hang.

2

Purchase a picture hanger, checking the packaging

for the maximum weight the hanger can support.

3

Hang heavy objects like mirrors or shelves with

wall fasteners that distribute weight more evenly

than a nail or screw.4

Use an expansion anchor or a lead shield with a

No. 6 wood screw for a plaster wall with a

thickness of 2 to 3 inches.

5

Use a spreading anchor for drywall or a plaster

and lath wall; it should be the same size as the

thickness of the wall, and long enough to pierce

both the drywall and the object you want to hang.

6

Use a No. 6 wood screw if you're mounting anobject of 10 pounds or less onto the wood stud

behind drywall. The screw should penetrate at

least 1 inch into the stud.

7

Use a No. 8 or larger wood screw if you're

mounting an object of more than 10 pounds onto

the wood stud behind drywall; the screw should

penetrate at least 1 to 1 1/2 inches into the stud.

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Cushion

A cushion (from Old French coisson, coussin;

from Latinculcita, a quilt), is a soft bag of someornamental material, stuffed with wool, hair,

feathers, polyester staple fiber, non-woven

material, or evenpapertorn into fragments. It may

be used for sitting or kneeling upon, or to soften

the hardness or angularity of a chair or couch.

Cushions and rugs can be used temporarily

outside, to soften a hard ground. They can be

placed on sun loungers and used to prevent

annoyances from moist grass and biting insects.

Some dialects of English use this word to refer to

throw pillows as well.The cushion is a very ancient article of furniture;

the inventories of the contents ofpalaces and great

houses in the early Middle Ages constantly made

mention of them. Cushions were then often of

great size, covered with leather, and firm enough

to serve as a seat, but the steady tendency of all

furniture has been to grow smaller with time.

Cushions were, indeed, used as seats at all events

in France and Spain at a very much later period,

and in Saint-Simon's time we find that in the

Spanish court they were still regarded as a peculiarly honorable substitute for a chair. In

France, the right to kneel upon a cushion in

church behind the king was jealously guarded and

strictly regulated, as we learn again from Saint-

Simon. This type of cushion was called a carreau,

or squaer. When seats were rude and hard,

cushions may have been a necessity; they are now

one of the minor luxuries of life.

The term cushion is given in architecture to the

sides of the Ionic capital. It is also applied to anearly and simple form of the Romanesque capitals

ofGermany and England, which consist of cubical

masses, square at the top and rounded off at the

four corners, so as to reduce the lower diameter to

a circle of the same size as the shaft.

Tailored Cushion Cover

Tailored cushion covers give a finished look to

any piece of furniture it's used on.

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

Cushion pad, should be at least four to five inches

thick

Fabric

Piping (ready-made or make your own to match

fabric)

Scissors

Tread matched to fabric

Sewing machine

Straight pins

Tape Measure

Zipper, length should be two to three inches lessthan one-half the total circumference of the

cushion (zipper should go around the entire back

of the cushion, plush one-quarter of the way on

either

Measure and cut fabric pieces

CUT TOP AND BOTTOM CUSHION PIECES

-Measure the length and width of the top of the

cushion

-Add a seam allowance of 5/8-inch on all foursides

-Cut 2 pieces (top and bottom)

CUT FRONT AND BACK CUSHION BANDS

-Measure around one half of cushion

-Add a seam allowance of 5/8-inch on the top and

bottom of band

-Add four-inches to overall length

-Cut 3 pieces

CUT PIPING-Measure enough to go around the circumference

of the cushion with a little overlap

-Cut 2 pieces

Pin and sew piping to the right side of the top

piece of the cushion cover. Piping seam should

align with the seam allowance of the cushion

(when the cushion is turned right side out, the

piping is exposed). Clip the seam on one end of

the piping. Cut the cord ends inside the piping so

they just meet and slip the lose end of the pipingfabric over the other. Finish sewing piping to the

cushion.

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Repeat the above instructions for the bottom

cushion cover.

For the back cushion band, press two of the three

bands in half lengthwise. Sew the zipper between

the two bands of folded fabric.

With right sides together, sew the front and back

cushion bands together. At this point, the cushion

band will much larger than the top and bottom

cushion pieces. Lap the two ends of the front band

over the back zippered cushion band (each end of

the zipper will have fabric overlapping). Tack at

the seam allowance to hold the overlaps in place.

With right sides together, pin and sew top and

bottom cushion covers to cushion band. Clip the

seam allowances at the corners before turning.

Insert the cushion pad into the cover, zip and

enjoy your new cushion covers.

Bolster

A bolster (etymology: Middle English, derived

from Old English, and before that the Germanicword bulgstraz) is a long narrow pillow orcushion filled with cotton, down, or fibre. In

western countries, it is usually placed at the head

of bed and functions as head or back support. In

south-east Asian countries, in particular

Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and

Thailand, the bolster is designed to be hugged

when sleeping. It is called a dakimakura in

Japanese. In the Philippines, many call it the

"hotdog pillow" (or more natively, "tandayan")

following the close resemblance to the food

bearing that name. In Chinese, its hanyu pinyin is

"bao zhen" (lit. "hugging pillow"). In cantonese, it

is called "Lam Chim". The Indonesian/Malay

folks called it "bantal peluk" or "bantal guling".

Tradition suggests that a wife would fashion the

bolster out of bamboo and give it to her husband

when he travelled away from home so that he

would not be lonely at night, hence the name

"bamboo wife," or "Dutch wife," orchikufujin in

Japanese.

In many Chinese and Malay families, children are

provided with a bolster and the habit of sleepingwith a bolster carries over into adulthood. It is

said that hugging a bolster will calm one's mind

when sleeping, and, in the hot tropical climate of

Singapore and Malaysia, it is often too hot to

cover oneself with a blanket when sleeping,

especially in a non-air-conditioned room, hence

hugging a bolster will avoid catching a cold.

In the past, it was common for people to make

their own bolsters. Old folks usually made the

inner cover with a slit at its centre and stuff cotton

wool until it is fairly compact and then sewing theslit up. A bolster cover is then made, with tie

strings at its end, to keep it clean. Now most

shopping centres and Department Stores like

Target, John Little, do sell ready made bolsters

with different insert/fillings to cater to different

needs and price ranges. Because of its popularity

among the locals, bedsheet sets often come with

matching pillow and bolster cases.

In more traditional Chinese families, a newly-wed

couple's wedding chamber will most likely have a

bed that comes with two pillows and one bolsterwith embroideries of love birds, flowers etc and

are usually bright red in colour. It is said that the

bolster is to provide the husband with something

to hug when the wife is not in the mood or vice

versa.

In many other countries, particularly Indonesia,

Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, a bolster is

quite different. They use a bolster the way what

some western countries use their body pillows .

These are pillows that the sleeper can rest his head

on and also hug it with both arms and legs. This isgreat for children who like the comfort of sleeping

with something and the habit extends to adults

too. It is also good for people who have hip,

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shoulder, or back problems. The sleeper can adjust

the body pillow bolster to make sleeping more

comfortable.

The use of the bolster is so common among

Indonesian people that most local hotels provide

bolsters for their guests. However, this is less

common in westernized hotels in bigger cities in

Indonesia. In Singapore, most hotels do not

provide bolster for guests unless they specifically

request it.

The equivalent of bolster in the western countries

is the body pillow. So exactly what a bolster is

depends a bit on the country you live in. No

matter where you live, it is long and narrow rather

than square or the familiar rectangular pillow for

the head. Bolsters for the bedroom are often

cylindrical.

How to Make Cushion Bolsters

GATHERED BOLSTER:

Fold the fabric in half lengthwise with right sides

together and raw edges matching. Using 5/8 inch

for a seam allowance, pin, baste, and stitch along

the long edge, forming a tube. Neaten both raw

edges with zigzag stitches and press the seam

open.

Turn the cover side out. Press under raw edges at

each end 5/8 inch. Using a double thread, work

large, evenly spaced gathering stitches around

each pressed edge. Do not pull up gathers and

leave the gathering thread on the needle.

Insert the bolster form into the cushion cover,

centering it inside. At each end, pull up the

gathering threads to close the end and fasten off

the thread.

Cover each button with contrasting or matching

fabric. Hand stitch the covered button over each

gathered end to neaten.

2

TAILORED BOLSTER

Fold center section in half lengthwise with right

sides together and matching raw edges. Using a

5/8 inch seam allowance, pin, baste, and stitch

along the long edge, forming a tube, and leave an

opening in the center of the seam. Leave the

opening unstitched or add a zipper.

Open the zipper, if necessary. Add piping cord

around ends. With right sides together, pin, baste,

and stitch an end circle to each open end of the

center section. Clip into seam allowance and trim

scams. Turn cover right side out, insert form, and

close the opening.

3

COVERING BUTTONS

Follow the manufacturer's instructions for

covering buttons. Use a guide to cut a circle of

your chosen fabric. Run a gathering thread around

the outer edge; gather covering around the button

front and fasten. Ease fabric evenly around the

outer edge of the button front and snap on the

back

Mattress

A mattress is a mat or pad, usually placed on top

of abed, upon which to sleep or lie.

The word mattress is derived from Arabic wordsmeaning "to throw" and "place where something

is thrown" or "mat, cushion." During the

Crusades, Europeans adopted the Arabic method

of sleeping on cushions thrown on the floor, and

the word materas eventually descended intoMiddle English through the Romance languages.[1]

Though a mattress may be placed directly on the

floor, it is usually placed on top of a platform

(such as a platform bed or a metal box spring or a

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slatted foundation) to be further from the ground.

Historically, mattresses have been filled with a

variety of natural materials, including straw and

feathers. Modern mattresses usually contain either

an inner spring core or materials such as latex,

viscoelastic, or other polyurethane-type foams.

Mattresses may also be filled with air or water, or

a variety of natural fibres, such as in futons.

Mattress dimensions

Most mattresses have a thickness from six to

eighteen inches (15 to 46 cm).

Components of an innerspring mattress

This article does not cite any references

or sources. Please help improve this

article by adding citations to reliable

sources. Unverifiable material may be

challenged and removed. (August 2006)

A common innerspring mattress consists of threecomponents: the spring core, the foundation, and

the upholstery layers.

Spring mattress core

The core of the mattress supports the sleepers

body. Modern spring mattress cores, often called

"innersprings," are made up of steel coil springs,

or "coils."

The gauge of the coils is another factor which

determines firmness and support. Coils are

measured in quarter increments. The lower thenumber, the thicker the spring. In general, higher-

quality mattress coils have a 14-gauge (1.63 mm)

diameter. Coils of 14 to 15.5-gauge (1.63 to 1.37

mm) give more easily under pressure, while a

12.5-gauge (1.94 mm) coil, the thickest typically

available, feels quite firm.

Connections between the coils help the mattress

retain its shape. Most coils are connected by

interconnecting wires; pocketed coils are not

connected, but the pockets preserve the mattress

shape.There are four different types of mattress coils:

Bonnell coils are the oldest and most common.

First adapted from buggy seat springs of the 19th

century, they are still prevalent in less expensive

mattresses. Bonnell coils are hourglass-shaped,

and the ends of the wire are knotted or wrapped

around the top and bottom circular portion of the

coil and self-tied.

Marshall coils, also called "pocketed coils," are

each wrapped in a fabric encasement and usually

are tempered, or in the case of the SimmonsBeautyrest carbon magnesium is added. Some

manufacturers pre-compress these coils, which

makes the mattress firmer and allows for motion

separation between the sides of the bed.

Offset coils are designed to hinge, thus

conforming to body shape. They are very sturdy,

stable innersprings that provide great support.

Continuous coils Or Mira-coils, Work by a

hinging effect, similar to that of offset coils. In a

basic sense a continuous coil is simply that, one

continuous coil in and up and down fashion

forming one row (usually from head to toe) of

what appear to be individual coils. The advantages

of how firm a support the continuous coil provides

it is somewhat tempered with the 'noise'

associated from a typical mira coil unit.

Air mattresses

Air mattresses use one or more air chambers

instead of springs to provide support. Quality and

price can range from inexpensive ones used

occasionally for camping, all the way up to high-

end luxury beds. Air mattresses designed for

typical bedroom use cost about the same as inner-spring mattresses with comparable features.

Several companies currently produce adjustable

firmness air mattresses. In 1981, Comfortaire

began manufacturing and marketing air mattresses

that looked conventional but allowed users to

adjust the firmness. Select Comfort patented a

variant and began marketing them in 1987.

Adjustable air mattresses come in a variety of

models from basic, no-frills ones that measure

about 7" in height, to high-profile, 15" tall hybrids

that contain several types of foam, pillow tops,and digital pumps with memory, for individual

pressure settings.

Air bladder construction varies from a simple

polyethylene bag to internally baffled, multiple

chambers of latex (vulcanized rubber) with

bonded cotton exteriors. Mattresses have a layer

of foam above the air chambers for added

cushioning. The air chambers, top and sidewall

foam all sit inside a removable two piece cover

that looks like the outside of a standard

innerspring mattress. These high-end luxury AirBeds are also known as soft sided Air Beds.

Medical versions of these adjustable firmness

mattresses have even greater control mechanisms

which include features like frequently changing

pressure to preventbed sores.

Foam mattresses

Foam mattresses use shape-conforming latex or

viscoelastic memory foam rather than springs to

provide support. Mattresses manufactured using

memory foam or latex are generally

hypoallergenic.[citation needed] Since foam varies inquality, prices can vary widely. Most mattress

manufacturers offer a line of memory foam

mattresses.

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Foundation

There are three main types of foundations.

Box-springs consist of a rigid frame which

contains extra-heavy-duty springs. This type of

foundation contributes to softer support and a

bouncier mattress. Because box-springs can cause

mattresses to sag, many manufacturers add high-

density block foam underneath the coils or

provide a rigid foundation instead.

Traditional wood foundations are usually made of

soft woods, such as pine, or hard woods, such as

poplar. They usually consist of seven or eight

support slats covered with cardboard or

beaverboard. This type of foundation, called a

zero deflection unitor an "Ortho Box" in the bedindustry, increases the feeling of firmness and

stability.

Grid foundations are a combination of steel and

wood.Upholstery layers

Upholstery layers cover the mattress and provide

cushioning and comfort. Some manufacturers call

the mattress core the "support layer" and the

upholstery layer the "comfort layer." The

upholstery layer consists of three parts: the

insulator, the middle upholstery, and the quilt.

The insulator separates the mattress core from the

middle upholstery. It is usually made of fiber or

mesh and is intended to keep the middle

upholstery in place.The middle upholstery comprises all the material

between the insulator and the quilt. It is usually

made from materials which are intended to

provide comfort to the sleeper, including regular

foam, viscoelastic foam, felt, polyester fibers,

cotton fibers, convoluted (egg-crate) foam, and

non-woven fiber pads.

The quilt is the top layer of the mattress. Made of

light foam or fibers stitched to the underside of

the ticking, it provides a soft surface texture to the

mattress and can be found in varying degrees offirmness. The protective fabric cover which

encases the mattress is called ticking. It is usually

made to match the foundation and comes in a

wide variety of colors and styles. Most ticking is

made of synthetic fibers like polyester, or acrylic;

or of natural materials such as latex, cotton, silk,

and wool.

Quality

Many parameters determine mattress quality.

Laboratory test methods have been established for

some of these parameters, such as pressure

distribution, skin microclimate, hygiene, edge

support, and long-term stability. Many of these

have been developed by Dr. Duncan Bain,

working on behalf of the UK's Medicines andHealthcare products Regulatory Agency.[4]

Other parameters, such as firmness, are more

specific to the sleeper. In general, firm mattresses

are recommended for stomach and some back

sleepers, soft mattresses are recommended for side

sleepers, and medium mattresses are

recommended for the majority of back sleepers.[citation needed] Some brands offer mattresses with one

softer side and one firmer side, or with adjustable

firmness levels, to accommodate sleepers who

share a bed.Mattresses in hospitals

"Not all the anti-decubitus mattresses really

succeed in reducing the interface pressure. The

foam and gel mattresses have no or limited

pressure reducing qualities. The polyether

mattress and especially the polyurethane slow

foam mattress reduce pressure best and are

preferable in the prevention of pressure ulcers on

an operating table. None of the mattresses tested

reduced the pressure sufficiently in lateral

position."[1]

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International Mattress Sizes[3]

DenominationNorth America

inches (cm)

UK

inches (cm)

Europe

(Continental)

cm (inches)

Asia (Thailand)

cm (inches)

Crib / Toddler27.25x51.625 in

(69.2x131.1 cm)

Mini Single3075 in

(76.2191 cm)

Twin/Single3975 in

(99191 cm)

3675 in

(91191 cm)

90200 cm

(35.4x78.7 in)

10719856 cm

(42.1x78.0x22.0 in)

Twin/Single XL

3980 in

(99203 cm)

42x75 in

(106x191 cm)

Double/Full5475 in

(137191 cm)

4878 in

(122198 cm)

140200 cm

(55.1x78.7 in)

12219856 cm

(48.0x78.0x22.0 in)

Double/Full XL5480 in

(137203 cm)

54x78 in

(137x198 cm)

Queen6080 in

(152x203 cm)

160200 cm

(63.0x78.7 in)

Olympic/Expanded Queennovelty size by Simmons 6680 in(167203 cm)

California Queen (primarily a

wood framed waterbed size,

becoming obsolete)

60x84 in

(152213 cm)

King7680 in

(193203 cm)

6078 in

(152198 cm)

180200 cm

(70.9x78.7 in)

18319856

(72.0x78.0x22.0 in)

California King7284 in

(183213 cm)

Super King7278 in

(182198 cm)

Grand King (novelty size by

Select comfort air beds)

8098 in

(203249 cm)

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Maintenance and care

A quality innerspring mattress should last between

10 and 15 years before it needs to be replaced.

Memory foam and latex models should last

between 15 and 20 years depending on the

manufacturer and the quality of the bedding. This

is an approximation, as many factors affect the

lifespan of a mattress.

Mattresses should be placed atop a firm base to

prevent sagging. Mattresses should be rotated

approximately once every three months to ensure

even wear; in addition, two sided mattresses

should be turned over (flipped) twice per year.

Folding and bending of the mattress should be

avoided if possible, as should heavy wear in one

spot and excessive weight on the handles.

Mattresses should not be soaked, lest mildew

develop inside the upholstery; instead, they can be

cleaned with a vacuum or with mild surfacecleanser and a slightly damp cloth. Mattress

Protectors help prevent stains and soiling of the

ticking.

Once a mattress no longer feels supportive and

instead seems to contribute to body pain or

stiffness, it should be replaced. Some symptoms

of a broken or worn out mattress include springs

which can be felt poking through the upholstery

layer, visible permanent sagging or deformity,

lumpiness, and excessive squeaking.

Bed sheet

A bed sheet is a large piece of cloth used to cover

a mattress. It is this sheet that one typically lies

on.

In many areas of the world a second flat bed sheet

is laid on top of the sheet covering the mattress.

This is known as a "top sheet" and when a top

sheet is used, the sheet covering the mattress is

known as a "bottom sheet". One sleeps between

the two bed sheets. Blankets, comforters, andother bed covers are then placed on top of the

second bed sheet.

Bed sheets come in two main varieties--flat or

fitted. A flat bed sheet is simply a rectangular

sheet of cloth, while a fitted bed sheet has its four

corners, and sometimes two or four sides, fitted

with elastic, to be used only as a bottom sheet.

The purpose of a fitted bottom sheet is to keep it

from slipping off the mattress while the bed is in

use. A particular way of folding and tucking while

making the bed, known as "hospital corners," is

sometimes used when the bottom sheet is flat

rather than fitted.

Bed sheets were traditionally white, but now

various colors and patterns are used. The quality

of bed sheets is often conveyed by the thread

count - the number of threads per square inch of

material. In general, the higher the thread count,

the softer the sheet, but the weave and type of

thread may affect the "hand" of the material so

that a sheet with a lower thread count mayactually be softer than one with a higher count.

Common materials include cotton, linen, and

blends of cotton and polyester. Other materials

sometimes seen are silk,rayon, andbamboo fiber.

Usually a flat bed sheet is overlocked around the

edges to form four seams. One of the seams is

wider than the other three and helps with orienting

the sheet correctly on the mattress. The wider

seam goes at the head end of the mattress.

Sometimes the sides do not have seams, but are

finished with the selvedge only.When making a bed, the patterned or

monogrammed side of the top sheet is placed

facing down and then the top edge is folded

towards the foot of the bed, exposing the design.

Blanket

A blanket is a type of bedding, generally

speaking a large piece of cloth, intended to keep

the user warm, especially while sleeping. Blankets

are distinguished from sheets by their thickness

and purpose; the thickest sheet is still thinner thanthe lightest blanket, because blankets are for

warmth, while sheets are for hygiene, comfort and

aesthetics. Blankets are subdivided into many

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types, including quilts, duvets, and comforters,

depending on their thickness, construction and/or

fill material. Electric blankets are heated by

electricity. Blankets were traditionally made of

wool because of wool's warmth, breathability and

natural fire-retardant properties, while sheets were

made ofcotton orlinen, which are less irritating to

the skin. These days, synthetic fibers are

frequently used for both. Throw blankets are

smaller blankets, often in decorative colors and

patterns, that can be used for extra warmth outside

of bed.

Etymology

The name is derived from Anglo-French blankete,

from blanc, "white".[1]

Use as a ground cloth

Blankets may also be used on the ground for a

picnic or other places where people want to sit in

a grassy or muddy area without soiling theirclothing. Temporary blankets have been designed

for this purpose, although their inherent

wastefulness is a chief concern of several

environmental groups.[citation needed]

Use in firefighting

Specialized blankets known as fire blankets may

be used by firefighters to protect furnishings from

water damage during firefighting. Firefighters

often wear specialized variants of the fire blanket

to protect themselves as well.

Use in moving of household goodsThick quilted and durable blankets are used as

protective covers and cushioning when

furnishings are moved.

Use in horse care

A warming coat for a horse is called a horse

blanket, intended to prevent the development of a

shaggy winter coat of hair. A smallsaddle blanket protects the horse's skin from chafing by the

pressure points of a saddle.

Use in keeping heat within the body

To keep warmth inside the body, a blanket can beused to cover one's skin and keep the warmth in.

Many kinds of blankets, such as wool are used

because they are thicker and have more

substancial fabric to them, but cotton can also beused for light blankets

Comforter

A comforter is a type ofblanket. Comforters are

intended to keep the user warm, especially during

sleep, although they can also be used as mattress

pads. Comforters are generally large and

rectangular in shape, filled with natural or

synthetic insulative material and encased in a

shell/covering. Like quilts, comforters are

generally used with a set ofsheets.Comforter sizes correspond with bed sizes: twin,

full, queen, king, and cal-king. Comforter sizes

run slightly larger than actual bed sizes to allow

for draping over the sides of the bed. Typical sizes

in the United States for comforters are:

Twin = 64" Width x 87" Length

Queen / Full = 87" Width x 87" Length

King = 101" Width x 90" Length.

A comforter is sometimes covered with a duvet

(comforter) cover for protection and prolonged

use. Duvet is French for "Down". Comfortercovers are similar in principle to pillowcases,

usually closed with zippers or buttons. In the

United Kingdom, they are only known as special

types of padding Duvets.

Comforters are sometimes packaged in a set that

also includes a bed skirt, pillow shams, and

sometimes pillows.[1]

Construction

Filling - Comforters are filled with layers of

material such aspolyesterbatting, down feathers,

wool, orsilk. Comforters also can be made out offur, usually with a backing of satin or silk. The

loft of the filling determines the weight as well as

the level of insulation. The comforter is stitched or

quilted to secure the filling and keep it evenly

distributed.[citation needed]

Shell/Covering - The outer shells of comforters

are typically constructed using cotton, silk, or

polyester fabrics or blends, of varying thread

counts. Comforter shells vary in design and color,

often designed to coordinate with other bedding.

Washing a comforter should not be done with a

top loader; minimum capacity to wash a comforter

is 3.7 m.

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Pillow

A pillow is a large cushion support for the head,

usually used while sleeping in a bed, or for the

body as used on a couch orchair. There are also

throw pillows (also called toss pillows), which are pillows that are purely decorative and not

designed for support or comfort. Outside the USA

these are generally considered a type of cushion,

with the term pillow reserved for the pillows on a bed. Pillows are usually very soft and

comfortable. Many people use them while they

sleep.

History

Pillows were originally used mainly by the

wealthy, and have been found in Ancient Egyptian

tombs. The difficulty of sophisticated dyes andsewing techniques led to the development of

pillows as an art form, with highly decorated

pillows becoming prized commodities first in

China and Persia and later in Medieval Europe. In

Tudor England, pillows became widely-used; it

was believed only women giving birth should use

one.[1] The Industrial Revolution saw the mass

production of decorated textiles and decorated

pillows. Traditional Chinese pillows are often

hard boxes made from stone, wood, metal, or

porcelain instead of stuffed fabric.[2]

Construction and parts

Internally, a pillow comprises a filler made from

foam, synthetic fills, feathers, or down.

Traditionally straw was a filler, but this is

uncomfortable and rarely used today. Feathers and

down were the choice of the rich; these offered the

advantage of softness and their ability to conform

to shapes desired by the user, more so than foam

or fibre pillows. There are currently

hypoallergenic varieties of down pillows to allowpeople sensitive to down to enjoy the comfort of

feather or down pillows. In Asia, buckwheat is a

common filler, as are plastic imitations. Such

pillows tend to be smaller than a standard pillow.

The fill is surrounded with a cover or shell made

ofcloth orsilk, known as the pillow case or pillow

slip. Some pillows often have a fancier cover

called a sham which is closed on all sides and

usually has a slit in the back through which the

pillow is placed. Rectangular bed pillows usually

do not have zippers, but instead have one side

open all the time. It is recommended that all types

of pillow covers be laundered periodically since

they are the part that is in contact with a person's

body. But even with regular washing, pillows tend

to accumulate large amounts of dust and vast

numbers of microbes among the fill and it is

recommended that they be replaced every few

years, especially for those with allergies.

Types

A pillow is designed to provide support and

comfort to the body. There are three main types of

pillows; Bed pillows, Orthopedic pillows and

Decorative pillows, with some overlapping of use

between these.

The classic bed pillow shape is a square or

rectangle. They are common[citation needed] in these

three sizes (in inches): Standard (20x26), Queen

(20x30), and King (20x36). These pillows are

generally covered with a removable pillow case,

which facilitate laundering, keeping the bedding

fresh.

Pillow cases outside the USA have a pocket inside

the open end to fully contain the pillow. Inside the

USA pillow cases do not have such pockets

meaning the pillow usually spills from the case.

The 'Oxford Size' used in many English speaking

countries is 50cm x 75cm (20 x 30 inches), while

the 'Continental Size' used in many parts of

Continental Europe (i.e. not UK) is 66cm x 66cm(26 x 26 inches).[citation needed] German pillow sizes

are 80cm x 80cm (older) or 40cm x 80cm (newer).

When considered as a subset of Bed Pillow, Euro

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pillows finish 26x26 and older style Travel

Pillows commonly finished 12x16.[citation needed]

Body pillows are as long as a full adult body,

providing support to the head and neckat the top

and to the knees and legs lower down. This type

of pillow can be especially useful in providing

support for those who sleep on their sides and for

pregnant women. Size is 40cm x 140cm.

Orthopedic

Neck pillows support the neck by providing a

deep area for the head to rest and a supportive

area to keep the neck in alignment with the spine

while sleeping. These can also be known as

cervical pillows.

Travel pillows provide support for the neck and

head in a sitting position. Their "U" shape fits

around the back of the neck and keeps the head

from slipping into an uncomfortable and possibly

harmful position during sleep. However, U-shaped pillows can sometimes force the head

forwards creating neck stiffness. They can also be

know as a Bucky pillow.

Donut pillows are firm pillows shaped like a

torus, with a space in the middle to alleviate

pressure on the tailbone area while sitting. These

pillows are used primarily by individuals who

have suffered an injury to the tailbone area or who

suffer pain from hemorrhoids or another ailment

of the colon.

Lumbar pillows are designed to support theinward curve of the lowerback, filling the space

created between the lower back and the back of

the chair when in a sitting position. These pillows

are generally used to support the lower back while

driving or sitting, such as in an office chair.

Decorative

Decorative Pillows serve a dual purpose. They

likely have fancy cover material which serves to

decorate the room where they are found. Since

Decorative Textiles are commonly 54 inches in

width, many decorative pillows finish about17x17 inches. (54/3 = 18 less seam allowance)

When used to decorate a fully made up bed,

decorative pillows are likely thrown aside at

bedtime, since they are not covered with a

laundrable pillow case, thus, while found on the

bed, they are primarily there for decoration, hence

they fall under this category.

Decorative pillows are also found on furnishings

in more public parts of the home, such as sofas,

chairs and window seats. Here, their common use

may overlap both orthopedic and bed pillows. Forexample, unless a person has some particular

medical condition, they will likely use a handy

decorative pillow for lumbar support, as needed,

while seated on a sofa. Likewise, for the

occasional nap, decorative pillows are handy for

supporting the head or neck, even though they are

not covered with a pillow case, as are bed pillows.

There are five common synonyms for decorative

pillows which are descriptive of their use in the

home. "Accent" Pillows emphasize or accent

some other part of the home decor. The terms

Sofa Pillow and Couch Pillow refer to the place

these decorative pillows are likely found. The

terms Toss pillow and Throw pillow refer to the

way they generally arrive in their places.

Novelty Pillows are shaped like humorous objects

(a banana, tweety bird, a human leg, a former

president), and are meant to brighten up and add

humor to a room or lounge area.

Floor Pillows are another subset of decorative

pillows. These pillows often finish 26x26 inches

(one half of the width of the textile, less seamallowance)

.

Miscellaneous Styles

Dakimakura is a hugging pillow originating in

Japan.

Abrazador is a long hugging pillow originating

from the Philippines.

Firestop pillows are technical firestop products,

used inpassive fire protection.

A Boyfriend pillow (also known as the husband

pillow) is a large, high-backed pillow with two"arms". It is used to prop the user upright while in

bed or on the floor, as for reading or watching

television.

A takiya is a pillow used as an arm rest in India &

Pakistan.

Shitou zhentou (Chinese for rock pillow) played

an important role in ancient China. Made from

jade, it was believed to translate the energy from

the stone to the human brain. Derived from the

Ming dynasty, this piece of material was trusted to

cure headaches or depressions, or simply to betterthe intelligence of those who use it. It was more

common in the royalties because it was expensive

and rare.

Throw pillow

A throw pillow, or toss pillow, is a small,

decorative type of pillow. Throw pillows are

usually placed on sofas orarmchairs but are also

frequently used on beds and day beds. Throw

pillows serve both an aesthetic and a functionalpurpose. Decorative pillows are commonly used

to tie in color accents within a room, often

drawing on the colors in drapes, walls or area

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rugs. From a functional perspective, throw pillows

may provide back, neck and head support,

although some throw pillows are very

uncomfortable.

Throw pillows typically feature a removable cover

with a feather pillow form stuffed inside and come

in various sizes and shapes. The most common

size throw pillow is 16 to 18 inch square.

However, rectangular, circular and cylindrical

throw pillows, called bolsters, are also popular.

Outside the United States, throw pillows are more

commonly referred to as cushions.

Throw pillow and decorative cushions are made

from a wide range of textiles including silk,

leather, microfibre or faux suede, cotton, linen and

hemp. In recent years, decorative pillows have

been revived as an artistic medium. Fashion

designers have become increasingly attracted to

the lucrative home textiles or furnishings marketand this has led to a wide range of more

embellished looks and styles.

Clean and Care for Upholstered Furniture

When you know how to clean and care for your

upholstered furniture it will retain the look that

made you fall in love with it in the first place.

With proper cleaning, care, and maintenance, it is

possible to have all your upholstery looking itsbest for a long time. It pays to be consistent, and

its not hard to do.

Choose the Right Fabric

When you choose the right fabric for the right

place you make your upholstery maintenance task

easier. Always make sure that you choose fabric

that is appropriate for your lifestyle and the

upholstered furniture piece. For example,

synthetic fibers are a better choice for upholstered

furniture that sits in areas of heavy usage.

Protect FabricThe best form of fabric protection is prompt

attention to spills. A lot of work is done for you

when the upholstery fabric undergoes the

finishing process at the factory. It is usually

treated with soil and/or water repellents and some

form of mildew inhibitors may also be used.

Additional fabric protectors may be applied to

your upholstered furniture in the store or at home.

While this helps with maintenance and care by

keeping spills from being absorbed into the

upholstery fibers right away, it is not a substitute

for prompt cleaning of a soiled piece. Don't let it

give you a false sense of security. Always clean

up any spills or stains in a timely manner, and

follow manufacturers instructions for proper care

methods.

Turn the Cushions

You can extend your upholstered furnitures life

by periodically turning over the loose cushions.

This easy maintenance method allows for an even

distribution of wear and tear and your cushions

wont develop indentations right away. Caring for

cushions by fluffing them after youve cleaned

also helps keep them in shape.

Change the cushions around from one part to the

other in addition to turning them over. Some seats

get more usage than others, so changing cushions

around will ensure even usage.

Vacuum

Vacuum your upholstered furniture weekly for

general cleaning and to remove surface soil. This

also prevents dirt from becoming embedded into

the fibers.You can also use a brush to gently whisk the dirt

away. Make sure to always use a soft bristled

brush so that you don't snag the fabric.

Spot Clean

While regular care does a lot for your upholstered

furniture's maintenance, accidents will happen.

Blot any spills immediately with a clean folded

towel: never rub, but blot gently. Sometimes this

is enough to get rid of the stain completely,

especially if the fabric has been pre-treated with a

fabric protector.Always test in an inconspicuous area before you

use any product for spot cleaning, and check the

manufacturer's instructions to see if you need a

water based or solvent based cleaner. It is best to

use a mild cleaning product. Apply with a soft

brush in a circular motion to work into the fibers,

then vacuum when dry.

Avoid Sunlight and Pollutants

Too much sun can damage your upholstery fabric,

causing it to fade and even fray. Try to position it

so that it doesnt sit in the sun for extendedperiods of time. This is especially true for silks.

Airborne pollutants such as fumes from cooking

or smoke can also harm your fabric. It isnt

always easy to avoid that from happening,

however, proper ventilation can help. It can also

help with odor control, as upholstered furniture

can easily absorb odors.

Call a Professional

It is best to have a professional clean your

upholstered furniture every couple of years or so.

Experts recommend having this done on a regularbasis and not wait for it to get visibly dirty. The

dirtier a sofa or chair becomes, the harder it is to

restore to its original glory.

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Caring for Sofa cover

Sofa covers can easily become soiled from normal

use. If you have dogs or children in your home,

your sofa will require regular cleaning to maintain

its appearance. Some sofa covers can be removed

and washed in a washing machine. Others should

remain in place on your sofa while you clean it.

Your sofa cover will look like new if you clean it

using the recommended method and treat stains as

soon as they occur.

Shampooing a Sofa Cover

1

Read the fabric-care label to determine the

manufacturer's recommendations for cleaning.

2Locate a hidden piece of fabric and test the

upholstery cleaner for colorfastness. Allow the

fabric to dry and make sure that the sofa cover

retains its color.

3

Apply the upholstery cleaner according to the

product instructions. Most products are liquids or

foams that you spray directly onto the cover.

4

Blot with a clean rag. Remove as much moisture

as possible to shorten drying time. Allow the sofacover to air dry.

Machine-Wash or Hand-Wash

1

Read the fabric-care label to identify the type of

fabric and determine the manufacturer's

instructions for washing.

2

Machine-wash or hand-wash the sofa cover

according to the manufacturer's instructions.Washing in cold water is usually recommended to

prevent shrinking or fading. Use a washing

machine at a laundromat if the slipcover is too

large for your machine at home. If hand-washing

is recommended, wash the cover in cold water

with a mild laundry detergent. If the cover is too

large to fit in your sink, hand-wash it in a clean

tub.

3

Iron the slipcover on the reverse side if the fabric

label recommends ironing. Use spray starch torelease any wrinkles.

4

Put the cover back on the sofa while it is still a

little damp. This makes it easy to maneuver the

cover into place and prevents shrinkage.

5

Allow the sofa cover to air dry.

Care for Bed Linens

Sheets and pillowcases comes in a variety of

fabrics, weaves and thread counts. Whether you

prefer percale, Egyptian cotton or linen for the

bed, sheets are often quite an investment,

particularly when you consider that we spend up

to one-third of our lives in bed. Here's suggestions

to care for bed linens to extend their usefulness

and preserve the quality.

Instructions

1

Change sheets and pillowcases once a week.

Launder according to the manufacturer's

instructions. Use warm or cool water to prevent

shrinkage.

2

Keep linens white and remove stains with a non-

chlorine oxygenated bleach, which is gentler on

fabrics than chlorine bleach. Forego fabric

softener that decreases absorbency and weakensfibers.

3

Check sheets and pillowcases for spots and stains

before putting them in the dryer. Treat any

stubborn areas and re-launder.

4

Dry sheets on low heat. Remove from the dryer

while slightly damp to avoid weakened fibers.

Iron if necessary while still damp.

5

Fold the top sheet and the fitted bottom sheet andone pillow case. Store inside the other pillowcase.

6

Group sets of sheet by bedroom and stack them on

shelves with a clearance of about 10 inches. Have

three sets of sheets on hand for each bed.

7

Rotate sheet sets by using the set on top of the

stack. Put the most recently laundered set on the

bottom of the pile.

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Care for Wool Blankets

Wool blankets require special care compared to

other fibers and textiles. They can't be washed in

the traditional way, as this can cause the wool to

felt or shrink. Felted wool is caused by agitation

in the washing machine that knits the wool's fibers

together. Many wool blankets can be cleaned at

home, and proper storage will go a long way

toward keeping them clean when not in use. If you

care for wool blankets properly, they can last a

lifetime.

Instructions

1

Brush blankets with a garment or wool brush

with, then against, the nap to remove dust and dirtparticles. Brush weekly when the blankets are in

use.

2

Hang the blankets to dry in a dark closet if they

become damp. Light and heat can cause the damp

blanket to shrink, or fade.

3

Blot spills and stains up with a clean, white cloth,

replacing the cloth as it gets damp until the stain is

gone.

4Hand wash wool in cool-to-lukewarm water with

a mild detergent that's formulated for wool. Rinse

thoroughly with clean water, and squeeze the

excess water out. Lay the blanket flat to dry so

that it doesn't stretch.

5

Wash and store your wool blankets in an airtight

bag or plastic tub to keep out dust and pests.

Caring for a Down Pillow1

Cover your pillow with a pillow case at all times.

This will keep your pillow free from dust, dirt and

body oils.

2

Buy a pillow cover with a zipper for an extra layer

of protection under your pillow case. This will

also help those who have allergies.

3

Clean the pillow cover and case regularly to keep

your pillow fresh.

4

Launder or dry-clean your pillow yearly.

5

Spot-treat any stains before you wash your pillow

if you're going to machine wash it.

6

Wash the pillow in cold water using a detergent

that has a degreaser so that oils are removed.

Follow the pillow manufacturer's instructions for

specific detergents to use.

7

Very gently squeeze out any excess water from

the pillow after washing.

8

Dry the pillow with the dryer set on its lowest

setting; put a tennis ball in with the pillow so that

the fill moves as it dries.

9

Store your pillow in a dry and well-ventilated

closet or room when you are not using it, in order

to avoid mildew.

Caring for a Down Comforter

1

Place a cover over your down comforter to protect

it from dust, dirt and body oils.

2

Shake out your comforter weekly to prevent the

down from bunching up.

3

Air out your comforter occasionally to keep it

fresh. Hang it on a clothesline or shake it out a

window.4

Take your comforter to a dry cleaner every three

to five years if you decide not to launder it at

home.

5

Use a Laundromat with oversized washing

machines if you have an oversized comforter,

should you decide to machine-wash it.

6

Spot-treat any stains before you wash.

7Wash your comforter in cold water using a

detergent that has a degreaser so that oils are

removed.

8

Very gently squeeze out any excess water from

the comforter.

9

Dry the comforter in the dryer on low heat setting

with a tennis ball so that the fill moves as it dries.

10

Store the comforter in a dry and well-ventilatedcloset or room when you are not using it, in order

to avoid mildew.

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Care for a Mattress

Your mattress may be hidden under blankets and

sheets, but it still needs special attention from time

to time. If well cared for, it will last about 10

years.

Instructions

1

Cover your mattress with a cotton mattress pad,

which will absorb perspiration and can be

removed and washed to keep the mattress clean.

2

Rotate your mattress twice a year, or more often if

instructed by the manufacturer. Flip it over

completely after the first six months. Then, afteranother six months, flip it over and turn it so that

the head is at the foot of the bed. Some new

mattresses don't need flipping. Check with the

manufacturer.

3

Use the handles on the sides of the mattress for

positioning only - not for carrying. Lifting by the

handles can damage your mattress.

4

Air out your mattress each morning by folding

back the covers to the bottom of the bed for halfan hour before you make it. This will also prevent

moisture buildup.

5

Try not to sit on the edge of the bed in the same

place every day, because this can lead to sagging.

Care for Mattress Pads

Mattress pads protect your mattress and add years

to its average life. When the pad get soiled, washit. After all, you can't exactly wash a mattress. But

the truth is, not all mattress pads should be

washed and some may need more TLC than just

throwing them into the washing machine every

once in a while or only when they get soiled.

Instructions

1

Read the mattress pad label. Some will say to

machine wash in cold water while some will say

warm water. Some will say tumble dry low and

still others will recommend not to dry in the dryer.

Some will say to dry clean only and others might

specify no bleach. This may not tell you much or

how to wash it exactly, but you can use this as a

guide of what not to do.

2

Use a duvet cover. If your mattress pad is made of

down feathers, memory foam, egg crate foam or

wool, you may want to invest in a duvet cover.

You can always wash a duvet cover from general

wear and keep your special pad protected.

3

Dry your mattress pad completely. Your label

may say you can tumble dry low, however, this

could still shrink it. An alternative would be to

hang it dry and if you do so in the sun, this will

help kill bacteria and dust mites. Be sure the pad

is dried completely before you put it back on your

bed so you don't create an environment where

mold and mildew may grow.

4Spot clean your mattress pad. If you have a wool,

down filled, memory foam or an egg crate

mattress pad, you will need to spot clean. Even if

it has a duvet cover, spills and accidents that seep

into the pad do happen. If this is the case, wash

the duvet cover if you have it and then soak up

any liquid with towel or vacuum up (with wet vac)

the pad itself. Then mix a little Woolite or gentle

detergent with water and gently spray or dab it on

the soiled spots. If it's a urine stain, then use an

enzyme cleaner available at mostpet stores. Thensoak up or vacuum again and repeat the process

with water. Allow the pad to air dry completely,

preferable in the su