Living next to a flagship development (graduation presentation)
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Living next to a fl agship developmentResearch on creating mutual, local benefi ts between the residential neighbourhood
Van der Pekbuurt and the contemporary fl agship area Overhoeks Amsterdam,in socioeconomic and spatial terms
Robin BoelsumsGraduation presentationAuthor 2011
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About...
How the strategic plan and urban design can create mutual, local benefi ts between the residential neighbourhood Van der Pekbuurt and the contemporary fl agship area Overhoeks Amsterdam, in socioeconomic and spatial terms
Strategic
plan
Urban design
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Problems & aimFlagship development Context Benefi ts & disadvantages Strategic plan Urban design Implications
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Content
Flagship development Problems/aimsContext
Urban design
Implications &future research
Strategic planBenefi ts & disadvantages
INT
RO
RE
SE
AR
CH
CO
NC
LU
SIO
N
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Problems & aimContext Benefi ts & disadvantages Strategic plan Urban design Implications
FLAGSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Flagship development
INT
RO
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“x”“signifi cant, high-profi le and prestigious land and property development which plays an infl uential and catalytic role in urban regeneration”
(Bianchini et al., 1992, p.252)
Rationale
De-industrialisationNeoliberalismGlobalisation
Flagship development
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Examples
Canary Wharf - London - 1980sKop van Zuid - Rotterdam - 1990s
Docklands - Dublin - 1990s Lisbon - former EXPO - 1990s
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Positive
Create wealthCreate jobs
HousingAttract tourists
Attract investors
Negative
Benefi ts unevenly distributedFragmentation
Areas unwelcoming appearance
Flagship development
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Problems & aimFlagship development Benefi ts & disadvantages Strategic plan Urban design Implications
CONTEXT
Context
INT
RO
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Amsterdam
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
Author 2011
Amsterdam
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Amsterdam
Author 2012 (source: Geoloket TU Delft, 2011)
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Overhoeks & Van der Pekbuurt
Overhoeks
Van der Pekbuurt
border
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Author, 2011
Author, 2011
Overhoeks
Since 2004
Shell moved out
Film museum
2008
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Overhoeks
High income households
Expensive apartments
Elite
2012
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Overhoeks
Plans for 2017
More housing
Prestigious offi ce towers
2012
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Author, 2012 Author, 2011Author, 2011
Van der Pekbuurt
Author, 2012
1 Tolhuistuin
2 Van der Pekplein
1
20
20
40
60
80
100
high percentage 0-18 years
high percentage one-parent families
Valuation of Immovable Property Act (WOZ)
high percentage social housing
low rate satisfaction with neighbourhood
low objective safety
low subjective safetylow percentage with start qualification
low Cito-score
high percentage unemployed looking for work
high share of minima households
low ratio jobs/labour force
high percentage not-westernimmigrants
Volewijck Noord Amsterdam
Attention area
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Van der Pekbuurt
Since 1920
Low income households
95% Social housing
50% Foreign background
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Flagship development Context Benefi ts & disadvantages Strategic plan Urban design Implications
PROBLEMS & AIM
Problems & aim
INT
RO
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Negative eff ects
Disbalance local and
global needs
Problem statement
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Let the residential neighbourhood Van der Pekbuurt benefi t from the adjacent contemporary fl agship development Overhoeks and vice
versa, in spatial and socioeconomic terms.
Aim
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Problems & aimFlagship development Context Strategic plan Urban design Implications
BENEFITS & DISADVANTAGES
RE
SE
AR
CH
Benefi ts & disadvantages
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Eff ects of fl agship development
References
Doucet 2009: 101
Smyth 1995
Rodriquez et al:167
Bianchini et al 1992; Loftman, Nevin 1995:299; Grodach:353
Smyth 1995
Bianchini et al 1992; Loftman, Nevin 1995:303; Doucet 2009:162; Grodach:353
Bianchini et al 1992; Tavsanoglu and Healey 1992; Loftman, Nevin 1995:299
Doucet 2009
Doucet 2009:102
Loftman, Nevin 1995:299
Grodach:353
Loftman, Nevin 1995:304
Grodach:353
Doucet 2009: 103; Loftman, Nevin 1995:303; Bianchini et al 1992
Manchester Council in Doucet, 2009
Doucet, 2009
Doucet, 2009
Loftman, Nevin 1995:304
Aims of fl agship developers
Create more wealth for the city
Changing local perceptions
Put cities on the map
Catalyse regeneration
Promotic “organic” growth
Place-marketing
Attract private sector fi nance
Inter-city competition
Attract high income residents
Local economic development
Attract visitors
Defend position in global hierarchy
Boost municipal revenues
Revitalising an attractive image for the city
Municipal aims
Local quality and benefi t
Helping people out of poverty
Attention towards deprived communities
Resident participation in planning fl agship projects
StrengthsBoost civic prideBoost business confi denceRaising property valuesRaising development activitiy in adjoining areasArrest the spiral of decline in urban areasBenefi ts for all residents: wealth, jobs, places
WeaknessesSocial polarisationFragmentation of citiesIndividual planning, not integratedConcentrate investment on few places onlyHigh fi nancial riskAlien, unwelcoming apearanceNo public resources for deprived neighbourhoodsBenefi ts are unevenly distributedResidents distrust expences of governmentLow economic returns
ReferencesLoftman, Nevin:303Loftman, Nevin:303Loftman, Nevin:303Loftman, Nevin:303Loftman, Nevin:303Loftman, Nevin:304
Loftman, Nevin: 300; Doucet 2009:104Loftman, Nevin: 305; Doucet 2009:105Wilkinson in Loftman, Nevin:306Doucet 2009Loftman, Nevin:307Loftman, NevinLoftman, NevinLoftman, Nevin:309; Temelova:3Eisinger:323Temelova:3; Eisinger:331
ThreatsInstability of market: no reliable regeneration
Delay, curtailment, failure of projectsOversupply of prestigious projects
OpportunitiesGenerate socially just outcomesCreate more inclusive spacesInclusive aims of key actorsProvide possibilities for housing career for residents
Amenities, transport, recreational facilities, jobs, housing
References
Loftman, Nevin:306Loftman, Nevin:306Loftman, Nevin:307
Loftman, Nevin:312Doucet 2009:106Doucet 2009:106Wille:2010Doucet et al, 2010
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Local eff ects of fl agship development
Benefi ts/opportunities
1 Attention towards deprived communities
2 Resident participation in planning fl agship projects
3 Raising development activitiy in adjoining areas
4 Inclusive aims of key actors
5 More inclusive spaces
6 Provide possibilities for housing career
7 Amenities
8 Possibilities for transport
9 Recreational facilities
10 Housing
11 Urban places
12 Economic opportunities (jobs)
Disadvantages/threats
1 Fragmentation of cities
2 Social polarisation
3 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
4 Residents distrust expences of government
5 Alien, unwelcoming appearance of fl agship area
6 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
7 Individual planning, not integrated
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Local eff ects of fl agship developmentBenefi ts/opportunities
1 Attention towards deprived communities
2 Resident participation in planning fl agship projects
3 Raising development activitiy in adjoining areas
4 Inclusive aims of key actors
1 More inclusive spaces
2 Provide possibilities for housing career
3 Amenities
4 Possibilities for transport
5 Recreational facilities
6 Housing
7 Urban places
8 Economic opportunities (jobs)
Disadvantages/threats
1 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
2 Residents distrust expences of government
3 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
4 Individual planning, not integrated
1 Fragmentation of cities
2 Social polarisation
3 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
4 Residents distrust expenses of government
5 Alien, unwelcoming appearance of fl agship area
6 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
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Opportunities & threats Overhoeks & Van der Pekbuurt
Spatial fragmentation
No possibilities housing career Unwelcoming appearance
Residents distrust municipal spending “x”“Residents of Van der Pekbuurt look at Overhoeks with suspicion” (Stuart, 2012, chairman housing association Van der Pekbuurt)
€350 social housing€550€650 market rentfor sale - mid pricesfor sale - high prices
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Problems & aimFlagship development Context Benefi ts & disadvantages Strategic plan Urban design Implications
STRATEGIC PLAN
RE
SE
AR
CH
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ING Real Estate
Ymere
Atelier Shell
Architects
Vesteda
EYE
Shell Branding group
Municipal board
Amsterdam North
Projectbureau
Noordwaarts
Tolhuistuin team
Geurst and
Schulze arch.
Urban
design
Instructing partiesDevelopers OverhoeksDevelopers Van der PekbuurtUrban designersInstructingGuiding
Stakeholders
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Benefi ts for key actors
Corporate Social Responsibility• Positive for company’s reputation• Attractive employee• High demand for companies applying CSR
Public approval and enthusiasm
Viability
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Local eff ects of fl agship developmentBenefi ts/opportunities
1 Attention towards deprived communities
2 Resident participation in planning fl agship projects
3 Raising development activitiy in adjoining areas
4 Inclusive aims of key actors
1 More inclusive spaces
2 Provide possibilities for housing career
3 Amenities
4 Possibilities for transport
5 Recreational facilities
6 Housing
7 Urban places
8 Economic opportunities (jobs)
Disadvantages/threats
1 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
2 Residents distrust expences of government
3 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
4 Individual planning, not integrated
1 Fragmentation of cities
2 Social polarisation
3 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
4 Residents distrust expenses of government
5 Alien, unwelcoming appearance of fl agship area
6 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
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Strategic plan
Goal 1: Inclusive aims
Goal 2: Inform local community
Goal 3: Local community participation
Goal 4: Integrate plans
1 Attention towards deprived communities
2 Resident participation in planning fl agship projects
3 Raising development activitiy in adjoining areas
4 Inclusive aims of key actors
5 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
6 Residents distrust expences of government
7 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
8 Individual planning, not integrated
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Strategic plan
Goal 1: Inclusive aims
Goal 2: Inform local community
Goal 3: Local community participation
Goal 4: Integrate plans
1 Attention towards deprived communities
2 Resident participation in planning fl agship projects
3 Raising development activitiy in adjoining areas
4 Inclusive aims of key actors
5 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
6 Residents distrust expences of government
7 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
8 Individual planning, not integratedTarget group at OverhoeksTarget group at Van der PekbuurtArea to create benefi ts
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Goal 1: Inclusive aims
Cooperation when framing the aims
Monitor goals throughout process
Align rhetorical frames and action frames
ING Real Estate
Ymere
Atelier Shell
Architects
Vesteda
EYE
Shell Branding group
Municipal board
Amsterdam North
Projectbureau
Noordwaarts
Tolhuistuin team
Geurst and
Schulze arch.
Urban
design
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Goal 3: Local community participation
1 Questionnaire2 Workshop programme
AIM: frame socioeconomic and spatial needs and wishes of the local communities of Van der Pekbuurt and Overhoeks
Target group at OverhoeksTarget group at Van der PekbuurtArea to create benefi ts
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Problems & aimFlagship development Context Benefi ts & disadvantages Strategic plan Implications
URBAN DESIGN
RE
SE
AR
CH
Urban design
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Urban design
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Three areas
Residential areaFacilities areaGreen area
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Phase 1 (2012)Phase 2 (2015)Phase 3 (flexible)
Phase 1
2012
Phasing
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Phase 2
Phase 1 (2012)Phase 2 (2015)Phase 3 (flexible)
2015
Phasing
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Phase 3
Phase 1 (2012)Phase 2 (2015)Phase 3 (flexible)
fl exible
Phasing
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Phase 1 (2012)Phase 2 (2015)Phase 3 (flexible)
Phasing
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Local eff ects of fl agship developmentBenefi ts/opportunities
1 Attention towards deprived communities
2 Resident participation in planning fl agship projects
3 Raising development activitiy in adjoining areas
4 Inclusive aims of key actors
1 More inclusive spaces
2 Provide possibilities for housing career
3 Amenities
4 Possibilities for transport
5 Recreational facilities
6 Housing
7 Urban places
8 Economic opportunities (jobs)
Disadvantages/threats
1 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
2 Residents distrust expences of government
3 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
4 Individual planning, not integrated
1 Fragmentation of cities
2 Social polarisation
3 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
4 Residents distrust expenses of government
5 Alien, unwelcoming appearance of fl agship area
6 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
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Design goals1 More inclusive spaces
2 Provide possibilities for housing career
3 Amenities
4 Possibilities for transport
5 Recreational facilities
6 Housing
7 Urban places
8 Jobs
9 Fragmentation of cities
10 Social polarisation
11 No public resources for deprived neighbourhoods
12 Residents distrust expenses of government
13 Alien, unwelcoming appearance of fl agship area
14 Delay, curtailment, failure of projects
Goal 1: Create social returns
Goal 2: Housing career possibilities
Goal 3: Amenities, facilities, transport
Goal 4: Inclusive, outward focus
Goal 5: Connect neighbourhoods
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Goal 1: Create social
returns
Goal 2: Housing career
possibilities
€
€
€
€350 social housing€550€650 market rentfor sale - mid pricesfor sale - high prices
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Goal 3: Facilities, amenities
housingcompaniesofficessocietalleisureretailgastronomymix offices/housing
2
35
6
4
1
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Goal 4: Inclusive, outward focus
Network of public places and sight lines to main attractors
Main attractorsSightline to main attractorNetwork of public squaresPublic green space
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Goal 4: Inclusive, outward focus
Residential block sight lines concept
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Goal 4: Inclusive, outward focus
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Goal 4: Inclusive, outward focus
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Goal 5: Connect neighbourhoods
Aligning buildingsPedestrian-, cyclebridgeBridge (all traffic)
Architecture
Krierkohl
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Goal 5: Connect neighbourhoods
Section at canal between Overhoeks and Van der Pekbuurt
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Goal 5: Connect neighbourhoods
Section at canal between Overhoeks and Van der Pekbuurt
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Goal 5: Connect neighbourhoods
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Goal 5: Connect neighbourhoods
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Problems & aimFlagship development Context Benefi ts & disadvantages Strategic plan Urban design
IMPLICATIONS &
FUTURE RESEARCH
CO
NC
LU
SIO
NS
Implications
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Implications
• Developers at Ymere, Vesteda and Noordwaarts have shown their interest in the implementation of local benefi ts at the area of Overhoeks.
• Developers see their benefi ts in strategic plan and thus implement local benefi ts better
• Urban designers can be inspired by the implementation of mutual, local benefi ts (ING RE no longer commissioner)
• Raise awareness
• Show possible research method
• Show possible altering of planning process
• Inspire urban designers on how to include mutual, local benefi ts
Amsterdam Western Europe
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Future research
• Interview persons with most infl uence
• Several case studies
• Comparing planning processes
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Recap...
How the strategic plan and urban design can create mutual, local benefi ts between the residential neighbourhood Van der Pekbuurt and the contemporary fl agship area Overhoeks Amsterdam, in socioeconomic and spatial terms
Strategic
plan
Urban design
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Thank you!
Questions?
Presentation and thesis available online:www.slideshare.net/RobinBoelsums