Living in the Ottoman Empire

Living in the Ottoman EmpireDirections: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578-579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.

Pros Cons

The Ottoman The Ottoman EmpireEmpire

Empire of Faith: Ottomans

The OttomansThe Ottomans:#1:#1 Turkish speaking from Turkish speaking from Central AsiaCentral Asia

MuslimMuslimThe last great Islamic The last great Islamic empire in the world empire in the world (1300-1900)(1300-1900)

Empire of Faith - Empire of Faith - OttomansOttomans

Beginning 0-4:10Beginning 0-4:10

Osman I (1280-

1324)#2#2 founded Ottomansfounded Ottomans

Ghazis: Islamic warriors who Ghazis: Islamic warriors who would conquer lands for would conquer lands for plunder, glory, and to spread plunder, glory, and to spread IslamIslam

Ghazis Ghazis took control of old took control of old Seljuk territories, and Seljuk territories, and expanded into Christian-held expanded into Christian-held landslands

The OttomansThe Ottomans

Osman I and his Ghazi Warriors


Devshirme 4:10 – 11:05Devshirme 4:10 – 11:05

Civil Service and Social Civil Service and Social StructureStructure

DevshirmeDevshirmePractice of taking Christian boys Practice of taking Christian boys between 10-20 years of age, between 10-20 years of age, converting them to Islam, and training converting them to Islam, and training them for positions in either:them for positions in either:

a) military – “Men of the Sword”a) military – “Men of the Sword”

b) civil service – “Men of the b) civil service – “Men of the Pen”Pen”


JanissariesJanissarieswere trained as elite infantry in the were trained as elite infantry in the Ottoman militaryOttoman military

VizierVizierHigh-ranking advisor to the Sultan. High-ranking advisor to the Sultan. Often came from theOften came from the devshirme system devshirme system


Sultan Mehmet II 11:05 - 12:55Sultan Mehmet II 11:05 - 12:55

Sultan Mehmet II Sultan Mehmet II (1400)(1400) conquered conquered

ConstantinopleConstantinople renamed it Istanbul renamed it Istanbul

new capital of the new capital of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

ended Byzantine ended Byzantine EmpireEmpire

#3 #3


Cannons and Strategy 12:55- 16:24 Cannons and Strategy 12:55- 16:24

ExpansionExpansion

Under their leader, Under their leader, Mehmet II, the Ottomans Mehmet II, the Ottomans besiege and capture besiege and capture Constantinople 1453Constantinople 1453

This is a serious blow, as This is a serious blow, as well as a threat, to well as a threat, to Christian Europe.Christian Europe.

Ottomans were the first to Ottomans were the first to use large numbers of use large numbers of muskets and cannons, muskets and cannons, which gave them military which gave them military and technological and technological superioritysuperiority

Siege of ConstantinopleSiege of Constantinople

The battle for Constantinople


Siege of Constantinople 16:24 – Siege of Constantinople 16:24 – 21:29 21:29

ExpansionExpansion

The Ottomans then begin to expand The Ottomans then begin to expand eastward into Muslim-controlled territoryeastward into Muslim-controlled territory

Selim the Grim comes to power in 1512 Selim the Grim comes to power in 1512 after murdering his father and brothersafter murdering his father and brothers

Selim was an effective Selim was an effective SultanSultan and General and General

Sultan: Sultan: title of Ottoman rulerstitle of Ottoman rulers

ExpansionExpansion

Selim captures Arabia, Palestine, Persia, Selim captures Arabia, Palestine, Persia, Syria, and sections of Egypt.Syria, and sections of Egypt.

Captures the holy cities of Mecca and Captures the holy cities of Mecca and MedinaMedina

Ottomans now control much of the Ottomans now control much of the territory of the original Umayyad and territory of the original Umayyad and Abbassid CaliphatesAbbassid Caliphates

Turkish Sultans would later take the title of Turkish Sultans would later take the title of caliph, giving them religious authoritycaliph, giving them religious authority

Ottoman ExpansionOttoman Expansion

What was What was the source of the source of

Ottoman Ottoman power?power?

#4#4

1. Political 1. Political StabilityStability

skillful gov’t, bureaucracy

2. Control of 2. Control of TradeTrade

LocationLocationControl of the Control of the WaterwaysWaterways

3. Wealth 3. Wealth from trade from trade and taxesand taxes

The lavishly decorated throne room of Topkapi Palace, home to Ottoman rulers until the early 20th century.

4. Superior 4. Superior technologytechnology(the benefit (the benefit of diffusion)of diffusion)

Suleiman the MagnificentSuleiman the Magnificent

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire reaches its height reaches its height under Selim’s son, under Selim’s son, Suleiman.Suleiman.

Suleiman rules for Suleiman rules for 46 years, from 46 years, from 1520 to 15661520 to 1566


Suleiman 21:29 – 24:48 Suleiman 21:29 – 24:48

Suleiman the MagnificentSuleiman the Magnificent

His was sometimes called His was sometimes called Suleiman the Suleiman the Lawgiver or Suleiman the Magnificent.Lawgiver or Suleiman the Magnificent.

Suleiman was also a great general. His Suleiman was also a great general. His armies conquered much of southern armies conquered much of southern Europe (The Balkans) and North Africa Europe (The Balkans) and North Africa – expands empire– expands empire

Expansion is finally stopped when he Expansion is finally stopped when he lays siege to Vienna, but fails to lays siege to Vienna, but fails to capture it.capture it.

Golden AgeSultan

Suleiman I (1520-1566)

#5


Suleiman 27:00 – 33:00 Suleiman 27:00 – 33:00

Show Suleiman the Magnificent

Living in the Ottoman Empire

Pros and Cons (see chart)

Living in the Ottoman EmpireDirections: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578-579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.

Pros Cons

Sultan Suleiman I Magnificent or Lawgiver #5

skillful gov’t, bureaucracy Shariah - Timar

Reforms to improve gov’t, justice and economy

Tolerance - millets: Self go verning; non-Muslim

communities but loyalty to Sultans #6

Improved lives of slaves art, literature, architecture “Turkish style” (minarets)

Domed Mosque

Janizary - Janizary - Devshirme Prosperous people=more Prosperous people=more

taxestaxes Social Structure – set Social Structure – set

Men of the PenMen of the Pen Men of the SwordMen of the Sword

Ruled with absolute powerRuled with absolute power By 1540 rule ½ By 1540 rule ½ “civilized “civilized

world”world” decline = inflation/povertydecline = inflation/poverty

capitulationscapitulations


MilletsMilletsProvinces of the empire were allowed Provinces of the empire were allowed their own local government.their own local government.Non-Muslim communities were loyal Non-Muslim communities were loyal to sultan but were ruled by own to sultan but were ruled by own religious leadersreligious leadersIncluded Jews, Armenians, Orthodox Included Jews, Armenians, Orthodox ChristiansChristians

Suleymaniye MosqueIstanbul, Turkey

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

Currently a Museum, formerly an Imperial Mosque (1453–1931) and Roman Catholic Cathedral (1204–1261); originally constructed as an Eastern Orthodox Cathedral (562–1204, 1261–1453).

The "Blue Mosque" of Sultan Amet I in Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the architect Mehemed Aja and built between 1609 and 1616 A.D. The sultan wanted his mosque to rival, if not surpass, the splendor of Hagia Sophia. This gem of Islamic architecture is known as the "Blue Mosque" because of the use of that color in the tiles and frescoes that decorate its interior walls. It has six minarets, a unique configuration.


Safavid Rivals 38:18 – 42:15Safavid Rivals 38:18 – 42:15

Chief Rivals: Safavids Chief Rivals: Safavids #7#7 Abbas the Great (shah: Persian King) 1587 – Abbas the Great (shah: Persian King) 1587 –

1629 1629 #9#9 Persia (present day Iran) Capital: IsfahanPersia (present day Iran) Capital: Isfahan welcomed outside influencewelcomed outside influence Trade and commerceTrade and commerce Disputes: Disputes: #8#8

Control of MesopotamiaControl of Mesopotamia Religious:Religious:

Safavids: ShiiteSafavids: Shiite Ottomans: SunniOttomans: Sunni

(Safavid from Islam DVD)


Siege of Vienna and Death of Suleiman Siege of Vienna and Death of Suleiman 42:50 – end42:50 – end

Or 48:50 - end Or 48:50 - end

Siege of Vienna: 1525Siege of Vienna: 1525

Ottoman Ottoman Empire in Empire in Decline Decline #10#10

The Europeans The Europeans destroyed their destroyed their

strengths.strengths.

Ottoman Ottoman Strength #1: Strength #1:

Control of trade.Control of trade.Europeans broke this Europeans broke this strength by going strength by going around Africa and around Africa and gaining control of gaining control of trade. All water routetrade. All water route

Ottoman Ottoman Strength #2: Strength #2:

WealthWealthDiscovery of the Discovery of the Americas = fantastic Americas = fantastic wealth for Europe wealth for Europe from Aztec and Inca from Aztec and Inca gold and silver.gold and silver.

Ottoman Strength Ottoman Strength #3: Technology#3: Technology

The industrial The industrial revolution surpassed revolution surpassed the Ottoman superiority the Ottoman superiority in technologyin technology

especially in production especially in production of weaponsof weapons

The Empire The Empire Ends Ends #11#11

Three reasons:Three reasons:

1.1.Nationalism: Nationalism: People ruled by People ruled by the Ottomans the Ottomans

wanted wanted independenceindependence

(Internal Force)(Internal Force)Europeans: Serbs, Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks.Greeks.

ArabsArabs

2. European 2. European ImperialismImperialism

(External Force)(External Force)Industrial revolution = Industrial revolution = need for raw materialsneed for raw materials

European industries European industries wanted new marketswanted new markets

Large Military forces to Large Military forces to control trade = Navycontrol trade = Navy

3. 3. Competition Competition

between between European European

nations led to nations led to WWI in 1914WWI in 1914

Rise and Decline of Rise and Decline of Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Interactive Map

Causes of Causes of WWIWWI

1914-19181914-1918Rise of Nationalism in EuropeRise of Nationalism in EuropeCompetition for ColoniesCompetition for ColoniesArms races and militarismArms races and militarismAlliancesAlliances

The Ottomans The Ottomans sided with sided with

Central Central Powers Powers

(Germany) (Germany) and lost.and lost.

The Ottoman The Ottoman Empire along with Empire along with its Arab territories its Arab territories

were divided up were divided up between Great between Great

Britain and France.Britain and France.(mandates)(mandates)

Sykes-Picot AgreementSykes-Picot Agreement

MandatesMandates A territory administered but not

owned by a member of the League of Nations.

Turkey Turkey becomes a becomes a

nationnation(1923)(1923)

Treaty of Lausanne

Living in the Ottoman Empire

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