Living in South Living in South AsiaAsiaCh. 25.1

AgricultureAgriculture• 60% are in agriculture (India/

Bangladesh)–Mostly subsistence farming

–Large use of animal power• Plowing, waterwheels, work of tractor

–Dependent on rainfall

AgricultureAgriculture• Terracing in the highlands

• Fruit orchards in Pakistan

• Rice in Bangladesh/India (4th/2nd)–Small farms in India

• Huge tea/rubber/coconut plantations in Sri Lanka (thanks to Europe)–S.L. now has to import many foods

Green RevolutionGreen Revolution• Since 1960s: want to increase

and diversify crops• Diversify crops, monitor irrigation,

introduction of new fertilizers.

–India can now store and export grains

–Monsoons, though, interrupt cycles & modernization costs $$$

IndustriesIndustries• India’s economy- after independence

in 1947 socialist (more govn’t control)

• Expanded home industry to be self-sufficient (slow growth for decades)

• But in 1990s, economic crisis led to market economy consumerism skyrocketed (2nd to U.S.)

IndustriesIndustries• Textiles is huge (38 million workers)

• Grew out of history of cottage industries (employ workers in home)–Gandhi used spinning wheel as

symbol of strength & independence for India

IndustriesIndustries• Mining and fishing are still prevalent

–Petroleum in Pak., graphite in S.L.

–Bang. = commercial fishers vs. local

• Iron & steel are major heavy industries–Ship Breaking dismantle and melt

down old ships

Chittagong, Bangladesh

IndustriesIndustries• High-Technology Sector- computer,

communications, aerospace, software–Bangalore & Hyderabad= “India’s

Silicon Valley”

–India is 2nd largest exporter of software

Outsourcing/Outsourcing/OffshoringOffshoring

• Transfer of management or production to another country–Lower labor & energy costs–Efficient land use–Foundations for global expansion

• India is known for call centers, but that is w/ higher education.

TourismTourism• Come to hike, hunt in Himalayas

• See India’s temples & festivals (millions of ppl per year)

• But religious and political violence is causing a drop in tourism (S.L., Kashmir)

• Some restrict tourists to preserve environ.– Bhutan ( <5,000 tourist visas ea. year)

What’s the What’s the Problem?Problem?

Labor Force of India

• Agriculture: 60%

• Industry: 12%

• Services: 28%

Gross Domestic Product

• Agriculture: 20%

• Industry: 19%

• Services: 61%