Slide 1A human outpost in space bringing nations together for the benefit of life on Earth…
and beyond.
We will make revolutionary discoveries and establish a permanent international
presence of humans in space, to advance the exploration of the solar system and enable commerce in space.
Vision
Mission
Safely build, operate, and utilize a continuously inhabited orbital research facility through a partnership of governments, industries, and academia.
science capabilities:
The International Space Station is more powerful, and
will be 4 times larger than any human space craft ever built.
orbital inclination/path:
the world’s population.
the Earth 16 times a day.
dimensions:
25,640 cubic feet of living space.
weight:
May 31 – June 14, 2008:
The STS-124 crew and Discovery successfully deliver and install the second section (Pressurized Module) of the Japanese science lab “Kibo” .
Update: Station assembly continues…
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan
Michael Fincke
Inside Harmony node, left to right: cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko, Expedition 17 flight engineer, Sergei Volkov, Expedition 17 commander, astronauts Greg Chamitoff, Expedition 17/18 flight engineer, Michael Fincke, Expedition 18 commander, and cosmonaut Yury Lonchakov, Expedition 18 flight engineer.
Update: Launch of STS-126
November 14 – November 30, 2008:
Endeavour brings about 32,000 pounds of supplies and equipment necessary to double the crew size from three to six members in spring 2009. The new station cargo includes additional sleeping quarters, a second toilet and a resistance exercise device. The shuttle also delivers a new crew member to the station - Sandy Magnus - and brings back Greg Chamitoff after more than five months aboard the station.
Over seven years of continued human presence…
5 International Partners
Vladimir Dezhurov - Soyuz Commander
6
5
4
Pavel Vinogradov - ISS Commander
Jeff Williams - Flight Engineer
STS-88 - U.S. Node
STS-114 - Logistics
STS-121 - Logistics
STS-117 - S3/S4 Truss, Expedition 15
STS-118 - S5 Truss
STS-120 - Harmony module, Expedition 16
STS-122 - Columbus module, Expedition 16
STS-123 - “Kibo” module, “Dextre” robotic arm,
Expedition 16
2 Proton, (FGB, Service Module)
1 Unmanned Soyuz (Pirs docking compartment)
17 Soyuz crew vehicles
30 Progress re-supply ships
1 ATV re-supply ship
MSS Control
JEM Mission Control Room Tsukuba Space Center – Japan
International ISS Control Centers
Main Control Room
International ISS Control Centers
From laptop, to ISS,
system/radiators
2JA
9R
155 U.S. integrated investigations serving over 600 scientists have been
conducted on the ISS over 16 expeditions of continuous research, with 94
of these investigations completed as of March 2008.
Through Expedition 11, 92 scientists, from as many institutions, have been
principal investigators on ISS research that has been completed or is ongoing.
NASA research has included lead investigators from in the U.S., Belgium,
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, and Spain.
The ISS provides an excellent viewing platform for Earth, covering more than
90 percent of the populated Earth. Station crews have taken more than 191,800
images of Earth.
Students from hundreds of schools in the United States and other countries
participate directly in ISS research activities. Thousands of other schools use
video clips and imagery from ISS to supplement their science curricula.
Science Onboard the ISS
Presently there are 19 research facilities (racks) onboard ISS - 9 NASA
sponsored, 8 ESA sponsored, and 2 JAXA sponsored.
Science Onboard the ISS
ADUM - Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity tests the accuracy of using ultrasound technology in the novel clinical situation of space flight. This investigation includes assessing health problems in the eyes and bones, as well as sinus infections and abdominal injuries. ADUM further tests the feasibility of using an in-flight ultrasound to monitor bone density during long-duration space flights.
SPHERES – The Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites use the internal ISS environment as a test bed for the development and testing of multi-body formation flying and other multi-spacecraft control algorithms. Bowling-ball-sized spheres perform various maneuvers (or protocols) on board, with one to three spheres operating simultaneously while communicating with each other and an ISS laptop.
ADUM - Expedition 9 Flight Engineer and Science Officer (FE/SO) Edward (Mike) Fincke performs an ultrasound bone scan on Commander (CDR) Gennady Padalka's knee using the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Micro-G (ADUM) setup in the Destiny U.S. Laboratory Module.
SPHERES - Astronaut Jeffrey N. Williams, Expedition 13 NASA space station science officer and flight engineer, does a check of the Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) Beacon/ Beacon Tester in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station
Science Onboard the ISS
DAFT - designed to test the effectiveness of a device that counts ultra-fine dust particles in a microgravity environment, a precursor to the next generation of fire detection equipment for exploration vehicles. This investigation is a risk mitigation activity on the development path for the next generation of spacecraft fire detection hardware.
MISSE - The Materials International Space Station Experiment exposes panels attached to the outside of the ISS containing materials and coatings which are being evaluated for the effects of atomic oxygen, direct sunlight, and extremes of heat and cold. This experiment allows the development and testing of new materials to better withstand the rigors of space environments.
DAFT - Astronaut Jeffrey N. Williams, Expedition 13 NASA space station science officer and flight engineer, works with the dust and aerosol measurement feasibility test in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station
MISSE - Materials International Space Station Experiment, a suitcase-sized experiment attached to the outside of the space station to expose hundreds of potential space construction materials to the environment, leading to stronger, more durable spacecraft construction. Photographed by one of the Expedition 6 crew members with a 35mm camera.
Science Onboard the ISS
POEMS – (Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems in Micro-G) The primary objective will be a demonstration of a passive system for microbial cultivation
in the spaceflight environment to observe the generation and maintenance of genetic variation within microbial populations in microgravity. POEMS will support experiments to describe the growth, ecology, and performance of diverse assemblages of microorganisms in space required for maintaining human health and bioregenerative function in support of NASA Exploration Systems requiring Advanced Life Support.
BCAT-3-SC - (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Surface Crystallization) Astronauts photograph samples of colloidal particles (tiny nanoscale spheres suspended in liquid) to document the formation of colloidal crystals, both on the surface of the sample container walls and in the bulk of the sample container. Results will help scientists develop fundamental physics concepts previously hindered by the effects of gravity.
POEMS - Astronaut Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Expedition 14 commander and NASA space station science officer, works with the Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems in Micro-G payload in the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. MELFI is a low temperature freezer facility with nominal operating temperatures of -80, -26 and +4 degrees Celsius that will preserve experiment materials over long periods.
BCAT-3-SC - Astronaut Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Expedition 14 commander and NASA space station science officer, works with the Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems in Micro-G payload in the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. MELFI is a low temperature freezer facility with nominal operating temperatures of -80, -26 and +4 degrees Celsius that will preserve experiment materials over long periods.
ISS Functionality and Capabilities
JRMS (Kibo)
JLP (Kibo)
JPM (Kibo)
“Zvezda”, or the Service Module, serves as the Station’s crew quarters, providing a place for the astronauts to eat, live, rest, exercise, and conduct science experiments.
Zvezda
The Soyuz, replaced every six months, provides crew rotation and emergency evacuation.
Soyuz
Astronauts exit the Station using the Joint Airlock “Quest” and the Russian docking compartment “Pirs”.
Quest
Pirs
Supplies and fuel are brought to the Station by the Russian Progress vehicle, which also boosts the Station’s orbit when needed.
Progress approaching station
Progress
The Russian built Zarya, or functional cargo block (FGB) was the initial building block, control center, and propulsive power of the Station.
Zarya
With six docking ports, “Unity” (Node1) is
the nexus of the Station’s U.S. segment connecting the lab, airlock, and solar array structure.
Unity
The Station’s main U.S. science facility is the home of four different types of racks, where ongoing experiments are performed and monitored by the crew.
Destiny
“Dextre”, or the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator, is the final element of the Station’s Mobile Servicing System. It will work with the Station’s robotic arm (Canadarm2) for Station maintenance and service.
Dextre
During space walks astronauts are able to
maneuver and assemble the Station’s massive elements with the help of the Canadian robotic
arm system.
Canadarm2
Node 2, or “Harmony”, acts as a hub connecting the U.S. science lab “Destiny” to Europe’s “Columbus” lab and Japan’s “Kibo”.
Harmony
Columbus
“Kibo” (“Hope”), is Japan’s state of the art science lab consisting of two modules providing room to house ten racks - it also has it’s own robotic arm outside the station.
Kibo
In Earth orbit, the most practical and main source of power for the Station is sunlight, converted by the Solar Array panels. During the shadow phase, the Space Station relies on banks of nickel-hydrogen rechargeable batteries to provide a continuous power source.
Solar Arrays
Four U.S. Solar Arrays will provide up to 110 kW of power for life support, battery charging, and other power management use. 46 kW of continuous electric power is included for research work and science experiments.
Electrical Power Subsystem of the Future
The Station's outstretched radiators are made of honey-comb aluminum panels, each providing 6 by 10 feet of ammonia tubing filled heat exchange area.
Thermal Control Subsystem
Electrical powered attitude control provided by four U.S. Control Moment Gyros.
Service Module (“Zvezda”) jets can also be used.
CMGs
The Shuttle and the Progress are used to boost the Station when docked.
Guidance, Navigation, and Control
The Space Station systems are controlled by over 4 million lines of software code, about half provided by the U.S. in core computers (MDMS) and laptops, and the balance from the other international partners.
Command data and Handling
Canadarm2 represents next-generation robotics. By flipping end-over-end between anchor points it can move around the ISS like an inchworm. With its seven joints, Canadarm2 is more maneuverable than its predecessor on the shuttle and even more agile than a human arm.
Robotics
Dextre, or Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator, is the final element of the station’s Mobile Servicing System. Designed for station maintenance and service, it has two arms and four cameras and is able to work from the end of Canadarm2 or the station’s Mobile Base System.
Robotics
Robotics
The ISS is advancing human and robotic space operations to new heights experimenting with tools and equipment
in the challenging environment of space.
Human and Robotic Integration
Other Modes of Re-supply
European Space Agency’s three Italian built Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLM) - Leonardo, Rafaello, and Donatello - are brought to the Station in the shuttle’s payload bay.
ATV
Japan is also building the HII Launcher Transfer Vehicle, (HTV) that will perform additional logistics and re-supply functions in the future.
ESA’s unmanned Automated Transfer
Vehicle (ATV Jules Verne).
NASA is making an unprecedented investment in commercial space transportation services with the hope of creating a competitive market for supply flights to the International Space Station. Two industry partners will receive a combined total of approximately $500 million to help fund the development of reliable, cost-effective access to low-Earth orbit.
Logistics and Re-supply in the Future
This is the first opportunity NASA has taken to engage entrepreneurs in a way that allows us to satisfy our needs and lets commercial industry gain a foothold in new markets. For more information visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/news/COTS_selection.html
IN SUMMARY:
and work during longer missions
in space. It's where we're learning
how to combat the physiological
effects of being in space for long
periods of time and serves as a
unique test bed for innovative
technologies.
Our partnership with 15 other nations will aid international cooperation in the Vision for Space Exploration. As outlined, NASA intends to continue using the Space Shuttle with the goal of completing assembly of the Station
by the end of the decade. We will continue conducting research on the Station to support space exploration goals, and to fulfill our commitments to our International Partners.
See the International Space Station fly over your town at:
www.jsc.nasa.gov/sightings/
www.nasa.gov