LitmanEmil_100427053_MajorIndividualAssignment

7/28/2019 LitmanEmil_100427053_MajorIndividualAssignment

1/55


2/55

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION


3/55

Outline

0 Foundations

0 Historic Developments

0 Practical Disease Concepts

0 Design Strategies and Statistical Methods0 Descriptive Epi

0 General Health and Population Indicators

0 Experimental Studies

0 Causality

0 Field Epi0 Chronic Disease Epi

0 Clinical Epi


4/55

Definition of Epidemiology

What Epidemiology means to me

Role of Epidemiology in Public Health

Epidemics, Endemics and Pandemics

Epidemiology Triangle

Disease Transmission

Levels of Prevention


5/55

Definition of Epidemiology

0 the study of the distribution and determinants of

health-related states or events in human populations

and the application of this study to the prevention and

control of health problems


6/55

What Epidemiology Means to

Me0 Epidemiology and Health Informatics

0 SAPPHIRE


7/55

Role of Epidemiology in

Public Health0 Findings contribute to:

0 Preventing disease

0

Controlling disease0 Treating disease

0 Efficacy

0 Effectiveness


8/55

Epidemics, Endemics and

Pandemics0 Epidemics

0 Endemics

0 Pandemics


9/55

Epidemiology Triangle

0 Environment

0 Host

0 Agent


10/55

Disease Transmission

0 Fomite

0 Vector

0 Reservoir0 Vehicle

0 Carrier


11/55

Levels of Prevention

0 Primary Prevention

0 Secondary Prevention

0 Tertiary Prevention


12/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


13/55

Hippocrates

James Lind and Scurvy

John Snow and Cholera


14/55

Hippocrates

0 Who was he?

0 Why is he important?


15/55

James Lind

0 Who was he?

0 What did he do?


16/55

John Snow

0 Who was he?

0 Why was he important?


17/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


18/55

Diseases and Conditions

Classifying Diseases

Disease Prevention and Control


19/55

Diseases and Conditions

0 Communicable VS Noncommunicable

0 Vertical VS Horizontal Transmission


20/55

Classifying Diseases

0 Congenital and Hereditary

0 Allergies and Inflammatory

0 Degenerative0 Metabolic

0 Cancer


21/55

Disease Prevention and

Control0 Remove, eliminate or contain the source of infection

0 Disrupt and block the chain of disease transmission

0 Protect the susceptible population against theinfection and disease


22/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


23/55

Descriptive Study Designs

Types of Data

Analytic Study Designs


24/55

Descriptive Study Designs

0 Providing information

0 Clues to identify disease

0 Extent of public health issue0 Description of public health issue

0 Identifying risk

0 Identifying avenues for further research


25/55

Types of Data

0 Nominal

0 Ordinal

0 Discrete0 Continuous


26/55


27/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


28/55

Person, Place and Time

Public Health Surveillance


29/55

Person, Place and Time

0 Person

0 Place

0Time


30/55

Public Health Surveillance

0 What is it?


31/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


32/55

Health Indicator

Birth and Mortality


33/55

Health Indicator

0 What is it?

0 What is it for?


34/55

Birth and Mortality

0 Why is this important?

0 Birth Rate

0Mortality Rate


35/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


36/55

Designs

Randomization

BindingNonrandomization


37/55

Designs

0 Clinical Trial

0 Prophylactic Trial

0Therapeutic Trial

0 Community Trial

0 Between-Group Design

0 Within-Group Design


38/55

Randomization

0 What is randomization?

0 Why is it beneficial?


39/55

Binding

0 What is a binding?

0 Placebo

0

Placebo effect


40/55

Nonrandomization

0 Why use nonrandomization and not randomization?


41/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


42/55

Statistical Inference

Hypothesis Development and Testing


43/55

Statistical Inference

0 What is statistical inference?

0 Why use samples instead of the entire population?


44/55

Hypothesis Development and

Testing0 Start of all epidemiological studies

0 Inductive reasoning

0

6 steps of testing


45/55

MY THOUGHTS SO FAR


46/55

Conducting a Field Investigation


47/55

Conducting a Field

Investigation0 When are field investigations conducted

0 Preparing for field word

0

Steps to conduct (14)


48/55


49/55

Chronic Disease

Epidemiology0 What is it?


50/55

Clinical Epidemiology

Screening and Diagnosis

Evaluating the Screening Test


51/55

Clinical Epidemiology

0 What is it?

0 What is its focus?


52/55

Screening and Diagnosis

0 What are these tools used for?


53/55

Evaluating the Screening Test

0 True Positive

0 True Negative

0

False Positive0 False Negative


54/55

FINAL THOUGHTS


55/55

Bibliography

0 Cahill, R., & Advancement, I. (n.d.). Distinctions -

Biosecurity System Improves Public Health

Surveillance, Decision Making. The University of Texas

Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) - Home.Retrieved January 14, 2013, from

http://www.uthouston.edu/distinctions/archive/200

7/may/archive.htm?id=792574.

0 Merrill, R.M. (2013). Introduction to Epidemiology(6th ed., pp. 2-4). Toronto, Canada.: Jones and Bartlett

Publishers.
http://www.uthouston.edu/distinctions/archive/2007/may/archive.htm?id=792574http://www.uthouston.edu/distinctions/archive/2007/may/archive.htm?id=792574http://www.uthouston.edu/distinctions/archive/2007/may/archive.htm?id=792574http://www.uthouston.edu/distinctions/archive/2007/may/archive.htm?id=792574

LitmanEmil_100427053_MajorIndividualAssignment

Documents

Transcript of LitmanEmil_100427053_MajorIndividualAssignment