Lithuania - European Environment Agency · 2017-09-06 · The land cover development in Lithuania...
Transcript of Lithuania - European Environment Agency · 2017-09-06 · The land cover development in Lithuania...
Country fact sheet
September 2017
Photo: © Toni García, My City/EEA
Land cover 2012
Lithuania
Lithuania
1
Land cover 2012 Overview of land cover & change 2006-2012 The land cover development in Lithuania is getting slower, compared to the previous periods. With an annual change rate of 0.18%, its speed is slightly below the European average in the 2006-2012 period. This pace was a bit higher in the period 2000-2006, with a mean annual land take rate of 0.25%. However, both these values show a significant decrease of the land cover change intensity compared to the period 1990-2000, which was characterized by a change rate of 0.48% per year. The main reason for this slowdown is the rapid decrease of the intensity of forest conversions, which were and still are the main drivers of the landscape development in the country. The intensity of both recent felling and opposite forest creation is about two times lower, compared to previous periods. In contrast, the intensity of the withdrawal of farming with woodland creation, which was rather low in the past, significantly increased and this flow plays now an important role in the Lithuanian land cover exchange. Beside these two flows, also the internal agricultural conversions remain to be one of the main drivers of the land cover change, although several times weaker compared to the period 1990-2000, during which internal agricultural development was the most important driver of the landscape development in Lithuania. The artificial land take is concentrated mostly around three largest Lithuanian cities – Vilnius, Kaunas and Kleipeda and is driven mainly by the construction and extension of mineral extraction areas. Its intensity is not very high – with an annual artificial land take rate of 0.3%, it is slightly below the European average. It is comparable with the previous period 2000-2006, however, the sprawl intensity was significantly lower before in Lithuania – in the period 1990-2000, the annual land take rate was only 0.07%. Note: The results presented here are based on a change analysis of 44 land cover types mapped consistently on a 1:100.000 scale across Europe over more than decade between 2000-2006-2012 - see Corine land cover (CLC) programme for details. Number of years between CLC2006-CLC2012 data for Lithuania: 6
3%
33%
27%
33%
Semi-nat. 0,1%
Open 0,04%
Wet. 1% 3%
1.1. Land cover 2012[% of total]
-25000
-15000
-5000
5000
15000
1.2. Net change in land cover 2006-2012 [ha]
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
1.3. Net change in land cover [% of initial year
2006]
A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land
Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies
Summary balance table 2006-2012
Art
ific
ial
area
s
Ara
ble
lan
d &
per
man
ent
cro
ps
Pas
ture
s &
mo
saic
s
Fore
sted
lan
d
Sem
i-n
atu
ral
veg
etat
ion
Op
en s
pac
es/
bar
e so
ils
Wet
lan
ds
Wat
er b
od
ies
TO
TA
L
[hu
nd
red
s h
a]
Land cover 2006 2111 21391 17944 21803 49 32 615 1680 65625
Consumption of initial LC 40.4 74.3 241.4 349.5 1.4 3.6 2.0 0.1 713
Formation of new LC 62.3 119.2 31.8 494.4 0.2 0.0 1.3 3.4 713
Net Formation of LC 21.9 44.9 -209.5 144.9 -1.2 -3.6 -0.7 3.3 0
Net formation as % of initial year 1.0 0.2 -1.2 0.7 -2.4 -11.4 -0.1 0.2
Total turnover of LC 102.7 193.6 273.2 843.9 1.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 1425
Total turnover as % of initial year 4.9 0.9 1.5 3.9 3.2 11.4 0.5 0.2 2.2
Land cover 2012 2133 21436 17734 21948 48 28 614 1684 65625
Lithuania
2
Land cover trends comparison 2000-2006 vs. 2006-2012
0.25%
0.18%
0 10000 20000
2000-2006
2006-2012
2.4. Annual land cover change[ha/year, % of total area]
0 10000 20000 30000
Artificial areas
Arable land& permanent crops
Pastures& mosaics
Forested land
Semi-natural vegetation
Open spaces/ bare soils
Wetlands
Water bodies
2.5. Annual turnover of LC types [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000
Artificial areas
Arable land& permanent crops
Pastures& mosaics
Forested land
Semi-natural vegetation
Open spaces/ bare soils
Wetlands
Water bodies
2.6. Net annual change of LC types [ha/year]
Summary trend figures 2000-2006 2006-2012
Annual land cover change [ha/year] 16193 11878
Annual land cover change as % of initial year 0.25% 0.18%Land uptake by artificial development as mean annual change [ha/year] 563 612
Agricultural land uptake by urban and infrastructures development as mean annual change [ha/year] 543 561
Net uptake of forests and semi-natural land by agriculture as mean annual change [ha/year] -312 -2378
Net conversion from pasture to arable land and permanent crops as mean annual change [ha/year] 797 2013
Forest & other woodland net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] 439 2415
Dry semi-natural land cover net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] 28 -80
Wetlands & water bodies net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -81 44
0
5000
10000
lcf1
Urb
an la
ndm
anag
emen
t
lcf2
Urb
anre
side
ntia
l spr
awl
lcf3
Spr
awl o
fec
onom
ic s
ites
and
infr
astr
uctu
res
lcf4
Agr
icul
ture
inte
rnal
conv
ersi
ons
lcf5
Con
vers
ion
from
for
este
d &
natu
ral l
and
toag
ricu
lture
lcf6
Withd
raw
al o
ffa
rmin
g
lcf7
For
ests
crea
tion
and
man
agem
ent
lcf8
Wat
er b
odie
scr
eation
an
dm
anag
emen
t
lcf9
Cha
nges
due
to n
atur
al a
ndm
ultip
le c
ause
s
2.7. Intensity of main change drivers (LC FLOWS) [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
3
Artificial surfaces sprawl (2006-2012)
0.27
% 0.29
%
0
300
600
2000-2006 2006-2012
3.8. Artificial land take [ha/year,
% of initial year]
Formation of residential fabric culminates
The recent rate of artificial land take in Lithuania is comparable to the previous period 2000-2006, in contrast to the net formation rate of artificial land, which decreased a bit. It indicates that not only the sprawl, but also the consumption of artificial surfaces (represented by afforestation or agricultural land creation over former mineral extraction sites) occurs in Lithuania. Recycling of developed urban land is the most extensive flow in the frame of artificial development in the country. A formation of discontinuous urban fabric, which was the main driver of the artificial development already in previous periods, continues with almost doubled intensity in the period 2006-2012. However, this residential area formation is realized mainly through finalization of units, which were under construction already during the previous period. The land take itself is driven mainly by new construction, together with the extension of mines and quarry areas. The sprawl is concentrated mostly in the surroundings of the capital city Vilnius (mostly recycling of developed urban land with residential units formation) and also of two other major Lithuanian cities – Kaunas and Klaipeda.
76%
16%
4% 2% 2%
3.9. Artificial surfaces 2012 [% of total area]
0 200 400
3.10. Artificial land take 2006-2012 [ha/year]
-150
-50
50
150
250
350
Con
tinu
ous
urba
n fa
bric
Dis
cont
inuo
us u
rban
fab
ric
Ind
ustr
ial o
r co
mm
erci
alun
its
Roa
d an
d ra
il ne
twor
ks a
ndas
soci
ated
land
Por
t ar
eas
Airpo
rts
Min
eral
ext
ract
ion
site
s
Dum
p si
tes
Con
stru
ctio
n si
tes
Gre
en u
rban
are
as
Spo
rt a
nd le
isur
e fa
cilit
ies
3.11. Mean annual artificial change by class [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
4
Agriculture (2006-2012)
Rapid increase of withdrawal of farming
The overall dynamics of agricultural development in Lithuania is high, and agricultural conversions belong to the major forces in the frame of land cover exchanges. The two most significant conversions of the Lithuanian agricultural land are the internal conversion from pasture to arable and also the withdrawal of farming with transitional woodland creation. While the first one was obvious already during the previous period, withdrawal of farming is much stronger in the 2006-2012 and became the second most extensive flow in Lithuania. Concerning the spatial distribution of these transitions, conversion from pasture to arable is uniformly scattered over most of the country, while the majority of the withdrawal of farming is concentrated in the eastern part of Lithuania. As a result of this development, pastures and agriculture with natural vegetation have negative balance of net change, in contrast to the arable land, with prevailing formation of area. Agricultural land is also consumed by the sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures, mostly by the extension of construction sites.
21155%
2220.2%
23110%
24222%
24313%
4.12. Agricultural areas 2012 [% of total area]
-0.3
0%
-12.
45%
-3.8
2%
-0.4
5%
-0.9
2%
0.56
%
0.76
%
0.16
%
0.19
%
0.18
%
-20000
-10000
0
10000
Non
-irr
igat
ed a
rabl
e la
nd
Per
man
ently
irriga
ted
land
Ric
e fie
lds
Vin
eyar
ds
Fru
it t
rees
and
ber
ry p
lant
atio
ns
Oliv
e gr
oves
Pas
ture
s
Ann
ual/
pe
rman
ent
crop
s
Com
plex
cul
t. p
atte
rns
Agr
icul
ture
with
nat
. ve
g.
Agr
o-fo
rest
ry a
reas
4.13. Development of agricultural areas 2006-2012– detailed balance [ha]
Consumption of initial land cover
Formation of new land cover
211 Non-irrigated arable land
212 Permanently irrigated land
213 Rice fields
221 Vineyards
222 Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 Olive groves
231 Pastures
241 Annual crops associated with permanent crops242 Complex cultivation patterns
243 Agriculture land with significant areas of natural vegetation244 Agro-forestry areas
-3000
-1000
1000
Non
-irr
igat
ed a
rabl
e la
nd
Per
man
ently
irriga
ted
land R
ice
field
s
Vin
eyar
ds
Fru
it t
rees
and
ber
ry p
lant
atio
ns
Oliv
e gr
oves
Pas
ture
s
Ann
ual/
per
man
ent
crop
s
Com
plex
cul
t. p
atte
rns
Agr
icul
ture
with
nat
. ve
g.
Agr
o-fo
rest
ry a
reas
4.14. Mean annual agricultural change by class [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
5
Forest & nature (2006-2012)
90%
Semi-nat.
0,2%Open sp.
0,1%
Wet. 3%
Water7%
5.15. Forest & nature areas 2012
[% of total area]
Forest
Semi-natural vegetation
Open spaces/ bare soils
Wetlands
Water bodies
Woodland creation becomes an important driver
Compared to the previous period, the intensity of the internal forest conversions significantly decreased, in contrast to the withdrawal of farming with forest creation, which became much stronger in the 2006-2012 period. Mostly, transitional woodland and shrub has been created in the frame of this flow. The overall balance of forested and natural land shows consumption of all forested types (broad-leaved, coniferous and mixed forest) and formation of transitional woodland and shrub – this balance is caused by both recent felling and transitional woodland formation over mainly pasture land. The geographical distribution of forest land conversion shows a similar pattern as in previous period with major concentration of withdrawal of farming located into the eastern part of the country. An interesting process which occurs in Lithuanian landscape is the abandonment of former mineral extraction sites with transitional woodland creation.
-1.2
0%
-1.4
4%
-1.2
9%
-0.7
0%
-3.6
5%
-3.3
2%
-14.
01%
-86.
87%
-0.9
4%
-0.0
2%
-0.0
2%
0.70
%
0.34
%
0.57
%
1.26
%
13.1
9%
0.16
%
0.24
%
0.32
%
-20000
0
20000
40000
Bro
ad-l
eave
d fo
rest
Con
ifero
us for
est
Mix
ed for
est
Nat
ural
gra
ssla
nd
Moo
rs a
nd h
eath
land
Scl
erop
hyllo
us v
eget
atio
n
Tra
nsitio
nal w
oodl
and
shr
ub
Bea
ches
, du
nes,
san
d
Bar
e ro
ck
Spa
rsel
y ve
geta
ted
area
s
Bur
nt a
reas
Gla
cier
s/pe
rp.
snow
Inl
and
mar
shes
Pea
tbog
s
Sal
t m
arsh
es
Sal
ines
Int
ertida
l fla
ts
Wat
er c
ours
es
Wat
er b
odie
s
Coa
stal
lago
ons
Est
uaries
Sea
and
oce
an
5.16. Development of forest & nature areas 2006-2012 – detailed balance [ha]
Consumption of initial land cover
Formation of new land cover
-3000
0
3000
Bro
ad-l
eave
d fo
rest
Con
ifero
us for
est
Mix
ed for
est
Nat
ural
gra
ssla
nd
Moo
rs a
nd h
eath
land
Scl
erop
hyllo
us v
eget
atio
n
Tra
nsitio
nal w
oodl
and
shr
ub
Bea
ches
, du
nes,
san
d
Bar
e ro
ck
Spa
rsel
y ve
geta
ted
are
as
Bur
nt a
reas
Gla
cier
s an
d pe
rpet
ual
snow
Inl
and
mar
shes
Pea
tbog
s
Sal
t m
arsh
es
Sal
ines
Int
ertida
l fla
ts
Wat
er c
ours
es
Wat
er b
odie
s
Coa
stal
lago
ons
Est
uaries
Sea
and
oce
an
5.17. Mean annual forest & nature change by class [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
6
Annex: Land cover flows and trends Land cover flows 2006-2012
6%
10%
34%
49%
Semi-nat. 0,2%
Open sp,
0,5%
Wet. 0,3%
6.18. Consumption of land cover2006-2012 [% of total change
area]
9%
17%
4%
69%
Wet. 0,2%
Water 1%
6.19. Formation of land cover 2006-2012 [% of total change
area]
A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land
Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies
lcf13% lcf2
1%lcf35%
lcf419%
lcf51%
lcf620%
lcf750%
lcf81%
lcf90.2%
6.20. Drivers of change (LC FLOWS)2006-2012 [% of total change area]
lc f1 U rban land management
lc f2 U rban res idential sprawl
lc f3 Sprawl of economic s ites and infras truc tures
lc f4 A griculture internal convers ions
lc f5 C onvers ion from fores ted & natural land to agriculture
lc f6 Withdrawal of farming
lc f7 Fores ts c reation and management
lc f8 Water bodies c reation and management
lc f9 C hanges due to natural and multiple causes
Lithuania
7
Artificial areas
Arable land &
permanent crops46%
Pastures & mosaics
42%
Forested land12%
Water bodies0.3%
7.21. Consumption by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]
Disc. urban fabric12%
Industrial/commer.
3% Road/rail network
2%Port areas
0.3%
Airports0.2%
Mineral extraction
26%
Dump sites1%
Construct.53%
Sport/leisure
3%
7.22. Formation by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]
0.22%
0.17%
0 200 400
2000-2006
2006-2012
7.23. Net formation of artificial area [ha/year, % of initial year]
-400 -200 0 200 400
lcf11Urban development/ infilling(cons.)
lcf11Urban development/ infilling(form.)
lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (cons.)
lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (form.)
lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (cons.)
lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (form.)
lcf21 Urban dense residential sprawl
lcf22 Urban diffuse residential sprawl
lcf31 Sprawl of industrial &commercial sites
lcf32 Sprawl of transport networks
lcf33 Sprawl of harbours
lcf34 Sprawl of airports
lcf35 Sprawl of mines and quarryingareas
lcf36 Sprawl of dumpsites
lcf37 Construction
lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (cons.)
lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (form.)
lcf54 Conversion from developedareas to agriculture
lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation
lcf81 Water bodies creation
lcf911 Semi-natural creation
lcf913 Extension of water courses
lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires
lcf93 Coastal erosion
lcf99 Other changes and unknown(cons.)
lcf99 Other changes and unknown(form.)
7.24. Artificial development by change drivers(LC FLOWS) [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
8
Agriculture
Mineral extraction
45%
Dump sites27%
Construct.7%
Coniferous forest2%
Transition. woodland/s
hrub21%
8.25. LC consumed by agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]
Non-irrigated arable17%
Pastures69%
Complex cultivation patterns
3%
Agriculture with
natural veg.11%
8.26. Formation of agricultural land from non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]
Non-irrigated arable35%
Fruit trees/berry plantations
0.1%Pastures
26%
Complex cultivation patterns
12%
Agriculture with
natural veg.27%
8.27. Consumption of agricultural landby non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]
Disc. urban fabric3%
Industrial commer.
1%
Road/rail network0.4%
Mineral extraction
4% Construct.11%Sport/leisure
1%Coniferous
forest0,01%
Mixed forest0.01%
Transition.woodland/
shrub80%
Water bodies
1%
8.28. Formation of non-agricultural landfrom agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]
-2500 -1500 -500 500
Conversion from forest toagriculture
Conversion from dry semi-natural & natural land to
agriculture
Conversion from wetlands toagriculture
Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation
Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation
8.29. Main annual conversions between agriculture and forests & semi-natural land
2006-2012 [ha/year]
-2500 -1500 -500 500
Extension of pasture, set asideand fallow land
Conversion from pasture toarable and permanent crops
8.30. Mean annual conversion between arable land and pasture [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
9
0 1000 2000
lcf411 Uniform extension ofset aside fallow land and
pasture
lcf412 Diffuse extension of setaside fallow land and pasture
lcf421 Conversion from arableland to permanent irrigation
perimeters
lcf422 Other internalconversions of arable land
lcf431 Conversion from olivesgroves to vineyards and
orchards
lcf432 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards to
olive groves
lcf433 Other conversionsbetween vineyards and
orchards
lcf441 Conversion frompermanent crops topermanent irrigation
perimeters
lcf442 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards tonon-irrigated arable land
lcf443 Conversion from olivegroves to non-irrigated arable
land
lcf444 Diffuse conversion frompermanent crops to arable
land
lcf451 Conversion from arableland to vineyards and orchards
lcf452 Conversion from arableland to olive groves
lcf453 Diffuse conversion fromarable land to permanent
crops
lcf461 Conversion frompasture to permanentirrigation perimeters
lcf462 Intensive conversionfrom pasture to non-irrigatedarable land and permanent
crops
lcf463 Diffuse conversion frompasture to arable and
permanent crops
lcf47 Extension of agro-forestry
9.31. Mean annual agriculture internalconversions [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
-2500 -1500 -500 500
lcf13 Development of green urbanareas
lcf2 Urban residential sprawl
lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites andinfrastructures
lcf511 Intensive conversion fromforest to agriculture
lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forestto agriculture
lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture
lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture
lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. cons.)
lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. form.)
lcf53 Conversion from wetlands toagriculture
lcf54 Conversion from developed areasto agriculture
lcf61 Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation
lcf62 Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation
lcf81 Water bodies creation
lcf913 Extension of water courses
lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires
lcf93 Coastal erosion
lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. cons.)
lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. form.)
9.32. Mean annual conversions between agricultureand other LC types [ha/year]
2000 - 2006
2006 - 2012
Lithuania
10
Forest & nature
Mineral extraction
6%
Dump sites0.3%
Construct.1%
Non-irrigated arable29%
Pastures26%
Complex cultivation patterns
8%
Agriculture with
natural veg.30%
10.33. LC consumed by forest & nature2006-2012 [% of total]
Coniferous forest0.01%
Mixed forest0.01% Natural
grassland0.1%
Transition.woodland/
shrub97%
Inland marshes
0.2%
Water bodies
2%
10.34. Formation of forest & nature land from non-forest /nature 2006-2012
[% of total]
Broad-leaved forest24%
Coniferous forest22%
Mixed forest8%
Transition.woodland/
shrub45%
Coastal lagoons
2%
10.35. Consumption of forest & nature landby non-forest/nature 2006-2012 [% of
total]
Disc. urban fabric1%
Industrial/commer.
2%Port areas
2%
Airports1%
Mineral extraction
55%
Dump sites11%
Construct.6%
Sport/leisure
3%
Non-irrigated arable15%
Pastures4%
10.36. Formation of non-forest/nature landfrom forest & nature 2006-2012 [% of total]
Broad-leaved forest20%
Conifer. forest32%
Mixed forest33%
Transit. woodland
shrub14%
10.37. Forested land 2012 [% of total area]
0 2000 4000
Consumption of forest land byurban sprawl
Conversion from forest toagriculture
Recent fellings and transitions
Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation
Forest creation, afforestation
Conversion from transitionalwoodland to forests
Forest creation over wetlands
10.38. Main trends in woodland & forests consumption/formation 2006-2012
[ha/year]
Lithuania
11
Natural grassland
19%
Moors and
heathl.45%
Beaches, dunes
and sand plains25%
Sparsely vegetat.
areas12%
Burnt areas1%
11.39. Dry semi-natural areas 2012 [% of total area]
0 30 60 90
Consumption of dry semi-naturalland cover by urban sprawl
Conversion of semi-natural landcover to agriculture
Forest creation, afforestation overdry semi-natural land
Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation
Decrease of permanent snow andglaciers
11.40. Main trends in dry semi-natural land consumption/formation 2006-2012
[ha/year]
Inland marshes
9%
Peatbogs18%
Water courses
8%Water bodies47%
Coastal lagoons
18%
11.41. Wetlands & water 2012[% of total area]
-20 0 20 40 60
Consumption of wetlands byurban sprawl
Conversion of wetlands toagriculture
Forest creation and afforestationover wetlands
Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation
Net water bodies creation
Net wetlands creation
11.42. Main trends in wetlands & water consumption/formation 2006-2012
[ha/year]
-9000 -6000 -3000 0 3000 6000 9000
lcf13 Development of green urban areas
lcf2 Urban residential sprawl
lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures
lcf511 Intensive conversion from forest to agriculture
lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest to agriculture
lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation
lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (cons.)
lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (form.)
lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation
lcf73 Forests internal conversions (cons.)
lcf73 Forests internal conversions (form.)
lcf74 Recent felling and transition (cons.)
lcf74 Recent felling and transition (form.)
lcf8 Water bodies creation and management
lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (cons.)
lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (form.)
11.43. Mean annual conversions of forest & other woodland[ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
12
-100 -50 0 50
lcf13 Development of green urban areas
lcf2 Urban residential sprawl
lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures
lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture
lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture
lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuous…
lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation
lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation
lcf74 Recent felling and transition
lcf8 Water bodies creation and management
lcf82 Water bodies management
lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)
lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)
lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)
lcf913 Extension of water courses (cons.)
lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (cons.)
lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (form.)
lcf93 Coastal erosion (cons.)
lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (cons.)
lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (form.)
lcf99 Other changes and unknown (cons.)
lcf99 Other changes and unknown (form.)
12.44. Mean annual conversions of dry semi-natural LC [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
-100 -50 0 50 100
lcf13 Development of green urban areas
lcf2 Urban residential sprawl
lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures
lcf53 Conversion from wetlands to agriculture
lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation
lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation
lcf8 Water bodies creation and management (cons.)
lcf81 Water bodies creation
lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF91)
lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF912)
lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)
lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)
lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)
lcf913 Extension of water courses (form.)
12.45. Mean annual conversions of wetlands and water LC [ha/year]
2000-2006
2006-2012
Lithuania
13
CLC Changes 2006-2012
CLC Changes 2000-2006
Lithuania
14
Drivers of change 2006-2012
Drivers of change 2000-2006
Lithuania
15
Artificial sprawl 2006-2012
Artificial sprawl 2000-2006
Lithuania
16
Agriculture 2006-2012
Agriculture 2000-2006
Lithuania
17
Forest and nature 2006-2012
Forest and nature 2000-2006