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LITHIUM ION BATTERIES - KOCWelearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2015/inha/kimyongseon/... ·...
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LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
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Lithium ion batteries (LIBs)
Overview
• Structure & Mechanism
• Trends (application, topics)
Technical terms
• Material / Electrode / Cell
Materials for LIBs
• Active materials / Electrolyte / Separator
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Lithium ion batteries
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Battery capacity for HEV, PHEV, BEV
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Overview
1. General structure / Operation mechanism of LIB
2. Application
3. Current topics
General structure of LIBs
: anode | electrolyte/separator | cathode
: Li ions travels back and forth between two electrodes
ex) Li1+Co3+O2 ↔ Li1+1-xCo(3+x)+O2 + xLi+ + xe- (Positive E)
6xC + xLi++ xe- ↔ xLiC6 (Negative E)
(where, →: charging, ←: discharging)
: Li+ moves through electrolyte
(generally liq. solution: ex) 1M of LiPF6 in EC+DMC)
: Separator blocks direct contact of anode and cathode, provides path of Li+ ions (PE, PP)
: current collector (Cu, Al foil), binder, conductive agent…
Applications
: energy storage for mobile devices, electric vehicle, energy storage system for power plant…
Current topics
: capacity(specific/volumetric), power, safety, longevity, environment, cost…
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Structure, Charging/Discharging reaction
Separator
1. 조립 직후 (방전 상태): C (graphite) LiCoO2
2. 충전: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe-
xLi+ + xe- + 6xC → xLiC6
3. 방전: xLiC6 → xLi+ + xe- + 6xC
Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe- → LiCoO2
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수압
흐른 물의 총량
수압
흐른 물의 총량
올라간 물 양: “충전용량”
충전
방전
내려간 물 양: “방전용량”비가역 용량
비가역 용량
가역 용량
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비가역 용량
① 1st 충전
③ 2nd 충전
② 1st 방전
④ 2nd 방전
FIG : 일반적인 충/방전 곡선
☞ 용량②/용량① = 효율
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FIG : 일반적인 1st 충방전 곡선 (NCA, NCM111). Cutoff voltage: 3.0-4.3V vs. Li/Li+
☞ 충전 cutoff: 4.3V. 층상구조 활물질 (LCO, NCM, NCA 등)의 이론 용량은 거의 같으며,
다만 주어진 cutoff 조건에서 사용하는(뽑아내는) 리튬의 양이 다름. (LCO: ~55%, NCA: ~70%)
“ state of charge (SOC)”, 커질수록 불안정