Literature
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Transcript of Literature
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LITERATURE •Associated with culture, mirror of life
•Collection of written composition
Came from the Latin word “literae” meaning letters
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DIVISIONS OF LITERARY SELECTION
2. POETRYA. LYRICB. BALLADC. NARRATIVED. EPICE. ELEGYF. ODEG. SONNETH. HAIKU
1. PROSEA. SHORT STORYB. NOVELSC. ESSAYSD. FABLESE. MYTHSF. EDITORIALSG. AUTOBIOGRAPHY
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WHY STUDY LITERATURE?•OFFERS US KNOWLEDGE
• MAKES US APPRECIATE VALUES LEARNED
•- BRINGS PLEASURE, DELIGHT & ENTERTAINMENT
•- REVITALIZE OUR THINKING ABOUT COMMON PLACE & SIMPLEST THINGS
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FUNCTION & VALUES OF LITERATURE
•THE NEED FOR ENTERTAINMENT & ESCAPE•THE NEED TO SATISFY OUR CRAVING FOR A KEY TO THE MEANING OF LIFE
LANGUAGE OF LITERATURE•Records tradition and heritage of man’s imagination employs for its medium, language•Has power•Vivid•Clear
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THOUGHTS ON REading-ARROYO & DAVID – we read books for enjoyment & to deepen our understanding of the realities of life
-ANDRES – desirable values can be form through reading of literature
ROMERO & ROMERO – makes us well informed; form of therapy; source of inspiration & worthwhile form of literature
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2 kinds of LiteratureLiterature of Knowledge
= an interpretation of fact, ideas /
happenings such as character
description, narrative recount of an experience or a
discussion of a political issue
Literature of Imagination
= is the product of a creative writer’s
presentation of general truths of human nature.
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Classification of LiteratureESCAPE LITERATURE – is written for
entertainment purposesINTERPRETATIVE LITERATURE – written to broaden & sharpen our awareness of
life.MORALIZING LITERATURE- purpose of
literature is to present moral values for the reader to understand & appreciate
PROPAGANDA LITERATURE – is found not only in history books & advertising &
marketing books but also in some books describing one’s personal success &
achievements in life
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UNDERSTANDING SHORT STORY
SHORT STORY – deals with a single incident or situation. It is a coherent whole with a single line of action & a single intended meaning.FRANK O’CONNOR – writes that the short story is a distinct art form because the author has a greater effect to achieve in a smaller compassGRANVILLE HICKS – a good short story, that is, an attempt to make the reader share in a unique moment of insight.
-A Prose Narrative that communicates the writer’s feelings about some experience- distinct impression, a vision, the meaning generated from his personal experience & innate sensibility.
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ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORYCHARACTERS – are the men and women involved in the main plota. Protagonist – main characterb. Antagonist – evilType of Characters:
c. Round – changes, dynamicd. Flat – does not change; staticMethods of Characterization
e. Actionf. Speechg. Manner of dressingh. Thoughtsi. Reaction
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PLOT – series of events or arrangement of details & incidents in the story.-germ idea; series of events that happened in the storyParts:a. Introduction –setting & characters are
introducedb. Rising action – characters are seen to
face a problem & strugglec. Climax – most exciting part of the story
which involves an important discovery & decision/event; turning point of the story
d. Falling action – story draws to a closee. Resolution – loose ends are tied up &
conflict finds solution
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BEGINNING EXPOSITIONINSIGHTING IN
CIDENT
CONFLICT;PROBLEM;STRUGGLE
CLIMAX
DENOUMENT/RESOLUTION
ENDING
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THEME – central message or the unifying & controlling idea of the work
SETTING – the milieu, location, time & the surrounding circumstance of the story ( time and place)
STYLE – refers to the manner in which a writer employs language.
POINT OF VIEW – narrator of the story:1st Person : one of the characters in the story;
narrates the story from his own observation3rd Person: narrator is not a participant in the
storyOmniscient: narrator is “all present”
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CONFLICT a. man vs manb. man vs himself ( psychological)c. man vs nature (physiological)d. man vs animalse. man vs. society (tradition, convention & culture)
LOCAL COLOR – culture, tradition, practice, conventions and mores/ethos
ATMOSPHERE – mood and tone
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POETRY Is as universal as language and almost
ancient Plato – defined poetry as nearer to vital
truth than history Aristotle – linked poetry with mans innate
love for imitation & our sense of harmony & rhythm
Wordsworth – endorsed the idea that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
Shelley – considered poetry as the record of the best & the happiest moments of the best & the happiest minds
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ELEMENTS OF POETRY POETIC LINE – basic unit of composition in
poems. Idea/feeling which is expressed in one line & is continued with little/no pause into the next line.
SOUND OF WORDSa. Rhyme – repeats similar / corresponding
sound in some apparent schemeb. Rhythm – result of systematically
stressing/accenting words & syllables attained through patterns in tuning, spacing, repetition of elements
c. Alliteration – repetition for effect of initial vowels/consonants
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d. Assonance – partial change in which the stressed vowel sounds are alike but the consonant sounds are unlike.
e. Onomatopoeia – long word that simply means the imitation in words of natural sounds
METER – regularized & patterned rhythm
4 Conventional Types:a. Iambic meterb. Trochaic meterc. Anapestic meterd. Dactylic meter
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IMAGERY – picture words; representation of sense experience through language
TONE – reveals the attitude toward the subject & in some cases the attitude of the persona or implied speaker
FIGURES OF SPEECH
SimileMetaphor
PersonificationApostropheMetonymyAntithesisHyperbole
Irony