Group 11Cristovian BasdenAndrew PagliariRebecca RashkinJavier Vazquez

Motivation•Extremely dangerous to ride at night•Surrounding motorists have trouble seeing bikers•Motorists are already distracted with smart phones, etc•In 2009, 630 bicyclists were killed and 51,000 injured in traffic*•Lighting system allows for greater visibility•Shows the riders intentions - turning and braking

*Statistics are taken from U.S. Department of Transportation 2009 Traffic Safety Facts released in 2010

Goals and Objectives•Four part lighting system to increase visibility to other motorists

• Headlight, taillight, front and rear turn signals, frame lights•Three tiered security system to protect bike from being stolen

• Lock-Tampering Detection, Theft Detection, Recovery Assistance •All systems energized by human power – generator on wheel•Mobile application interfaces lighting and security systems

Specifications

Component Parameter Design Specification

Battery Charge time 6 hoursBattery Discharge time 2 hoursMobile wireless link Minimum range 3 meters

GPS receiver Accuracy 10 meters

Compass Accuracy One cardinal direction

Speed Accuracy 2 miles per hourGPS (Android) Accuracy 30 feetGPS (Android) Update time 5 seconds

Overall Block Diagram

Lighting

Taillight•3 LED matrices of 64 red/green LEDS•Can show both brake light and turn signals•Lit when headlight is on•Each LED requires 20 mA current•1.8 – 2.4 V for red, 2.2 – 2.8 V for green•Decoder used to control lights•One column on at a time to conserve power

Turn signal Turn signal with brake

Handlebar View•Conductive magnets on brake lever•Normally closed - when lever is pulled, circuit is broken •Rocker switches for turn signals and headlight•Pre-made headlight wired to LiteBike’s power system•Separate front turn signals

Front Turn Signal ControlRider’s View

Frame Lighting – EL Wire•Cheap, easy to assemble, stylish•Requires AC current, so inverter must be used•Frequencies usually between 2000 Hz and 6000 Hz•Higher frequencies = brighter, shorter life for EL wire•Optocoupler to switch on and off

Optocoupler

Mobile Wireless Link

Wireless Technology Selection• Wireless Link between Android and LiteBike systems• Modern smart phones natively include Wi-Fi and Bluetooth• Wi-Fi is harder to implement• Bluetooth consumes less power, and is easier to implement

Parallax Easy Bluetooth ModulePurpose:Interface Bluetooth enabled smart phone with microcontroller.

Opcode Function Data

0x01 Turn Lights On Light Pattern

0x02 Turn Lights Off None

0x03 Lock Bike None

0x04 Unlock Bike None

0x05 Request GPS Data Data Type

0x06Request Battery Charge None

0x07Request Battery Voltage None

0x08 Arm Alarm System None

0x09 Disarm Alarm System None

Manufacturer Parallax

Part No. 30085

Price $69.99

I/O Lines 4 (TX, RX, VCC, GND)

Power Supply 5 V

(Custom Protocol)

1.4 in (34.41mm)

1.79

in(4

5.65

mm

)

Bluetooth Serial Port Profile (SPP)

Security

Tier Feature Description Sub-Systems

1 Lock-Tampering Detection Detects if chain lock is compromised or removed and triggers alarm.

Tripwire

2 Theft Detection Detects if bike moves more than 30 feet by unauthorized user and triggers alarm.

GPS

3 Recovery Assistance Relays position coordinates to user to assist in recovery bike.

GPS, GSM

Security System

RFIDPurpose:User Authentication; allows user to enable and disable the LiteBike’s alarm system.

Manufacturer Parallax

Part No. 28440

Price $49.99

I/O Lines 4 (TX, RX, VCC, GND)

Power Supply 5 V

3 in

RFID Tag

• Serial communication allowed for easy interfacing with MCU

• Built-in Antenna

ALARM: DISARMED

DISARMED – Bike can be moved without triggering alarm

ARMED – Bike will trigger alarm if1. Bike moved more than 30 feet2. Tripwire is severed

ARMED

Tripwire (Lock Tampering Detection)Purpose:Detects attempts to sever bike chain lock. If the alarm is ARMED, severing the tripwire triggers the alarm.

•A signal is continuously sent out on MCU pin into tripwire

•As long as tripwire is uninterrupted, loop continues

•If tripwire is severed, signal is interrupted, triggering alarm

GPSPurpose:1) Determine if LiteBike has left security radius2) Provide user with LiteBike’s location

Manufacturer Parallax

Part No. 28146

Price Already Owned

I/O Lines 4 (TX, RX, VCC, GND)

Power Supply 5 V

1.17 in

20’ security radius

GSM - GE865 Development BoardPurpose:Send user SMS alerts with GPS coordinates in theevent the LiteBike is stolen.

Manufacturer SparkFun

Part No. 28146

Price $149.99

I/O Lines 4 (TX, RX, VCC, GND)

Power Supply 5 V

2.4 in

•GSM uses national cell phone networks•Sending SMS every few minutes to save money•Development board cheaper than custom PCB

Microcontrollers

Parallax Propeller

Selection Criteria: •Ease of interfacing with peripheral devices•Large number of I/O lines•Multi-Core •Easy to mount on PCB (ideally DIP package)

Manufacturer Parallax

Part No. P8X32A

Price $7.99

I/O Lines 32 CMOS Lines

Cores 8

Clock Speed Up to 80 MHz

Main Memory 64 KB

Memory per Core 2 KB

DIP-40

Parallax

Parallax

Parallax

MCU A - Software

Main(Core 1)

GPS(Core 2)

RFID(Core 3)

TRIPWIRE(Core 4)

GSM(Core 5)

Android

Bluetooth GSM

HardwarePeripherals

SoftwareComponent

MobileDevice

GPS

RFID

WIRE

Main Memory

PositionCoordinates

AlarmStatus

WireStatus

Bluetooth(Core 6)

3:8Decoder

4:16 Decoder

4:16 Decoder

3:8Decoder

3:8Decoder

Tri-stateBuffer

MCU B - Software

HardwarePeripherals

SoftwareComponent

Taillight Segment 1

(Core 2)

Taillight Segment 2

(Core 3)

Taillight Segment 3

(Core 4)

Front Right Turn Signal

(Core 5)

Front Left Turn Signal

(Core 6)

Headlight(Core 7)

Switches(Core 1)

Power

Generator•3-wire bicycle generator•Outputs AC•12 VAC terminal•3.6 VAC terminal•6 Watts•Low friction against motion

Lithium-Ion Battery•High energy density (Wh/kg)•High energy/dollar (Wh/$)•High charge efficiency (80-90%)•Low self-discharge•Durable•12.6 V•6800 mAh•85 Wh

Battery Charging

•Stage 1: Voltage rises at constant current

•Stage 2: Voltage peaks, current decreases

•Stage 3: Charge terminates

•Stage 4: Occasional topping charge

Battery Charging

System Battery

Power

Mobile Application

Android vs iPhone•Programmable on any OS •Java with Eclipse plug-in•Concise and fluent layout•Offline guide and API reference

•Open source: in depth explanations

•Javadoc and commenting•Easy debugging

>

Mobile Application Features•Displays

• Compass• GPS coordinates• Speed

•Controls• Lighting effects• Security system

•Routes• Allows user to create, edit and

view bike routes

Use Case Diagram

Class Diagram

Login, Lighting Effects GUIs

Route GUIs

Printed Circuit Board Design

PCB A - Schematic

PCB B - Schematic

PCB Layout – PCB ABoard were manufactured by Advanced Electronics (www.4pcb.com)

PCB Layout – PCB BBoard were manufactured by Advanced Electronics (www.4pcb.com)

Prototyping

Development Environment – Propeller (MCU)

SPIN– simple object-oriented programming language. Both simple and powerful.

Propeller Tool v1.2

Development Environment – PCB

• Flexible

• Large number of existing parts libraries

EAGLE 5.11.0

Development Environment – Mobile AppEclipse & Google Android Development Kit

Prototyping – Electronics BaySolderless Breadboard

Breadboard PCB Design

Printed Circuit Board

Taillight

LED Matrix Breadboard

Taillight SegmentFinished Taillight

Turn Signal / Headlight

Front Turn Signal Headlight

Headlight SwitchTurn Signal Switch

Prototyping – Battery ChargerAttempt 1 Attempt 3Attempt 2

Success!

Mobile Application

Early Development•Main module•Map Module•Lighting Effects Module

Final Product•Main module•Map Module•Lighting Effects Module

Testing

Turn Signal / Headlight

Brake Light Rear Turn Signal

HeadlightFront Turn Signal

Testing – Mobile Wireless Link

Bluetooth Link Range

Specification: wireless link should have a range of at least 30 feet

Testing Procedure:

1. Initiate Mobile Application connection to LiteBike2. Verify that commands are received (ARMING/DISARMING)3. Move away 10 feet and repeat Step 24. Repeat Step 3 for increasing increments until commands no longer work

Testing – Security System

User Authentication System

Component Purpose: toggle security systemstate between armed and disarmed.

Testing Procedure:

1. Power on PCB2. Verify “SAFE” LED is on (indicating LiteBike is disarmed)3. Present RFID Tag to reader4. Verify that “SAFE” LED turns off, and “ARMED” LED turns on5. Again, present RFID Tag to reader6. Verify that “ARMED” LED turns off, and “SAFE” LED turns on

Testing – Security System

Tampering Detection System

Component Purpose: detect if the tripwire has been severed or removed when the LiteBike is in the “ARMED” state.

Testing Procedure:

1. Verify the LiteBike is in the “SAFE” state (visual inspection of LED)2. ‘Trigger’ the tripwire by disconnecting it3. Verify that the alarm is not triggered (visual inspection of LED)4. ARM the LiteBike (using the RFID User Authentication System)5. Verify the LiteBike is in the “ARMED” state (visual inspection of LED)6. ‘Trigger’ the tripwire by disconnecting it7. Verify that the alarm is triggered (visual inspection of LED)

Testing – Security System

Theft Detection System

Component Purpose: detect if the LiteBike has been moved from its “LOCKED POSITON” while in the “ARMED” state.

Testing Procedure:

1. ARM the LiteBike (using the RFID User Authentication System)2. Verify that the Theft Detection System has obtained calibration (visual

inspection of the blinking ARMED LED)3. Move the LiteBike 30 feet4. Verify that the alarm is triggered (visual inspection of LED)

Testing – Security System

Recovery Assistance System

Component Purpose: send user SMS messages with GPS coordinates of the LiteBike

Testing Procedure:

1. ARM the LiteBike (using the RFID User Authentication System)2. ‘Trigger’ the alarm using both methods (Tripwire & Theft)3. Verify that SMS message is received with GPS coordinates

Mobile Application Testing

Testing Outline

GPS(speed, latitude,

longitude, compass)

Bluetooth(lighting effects,security system)

Route(tracking, plotting,

saving, editing)

Overall System

Testing Time

BluetoothGPSRoutingOverall System

Testing – Power System•Verified voltages and current produced by current were accurate

•Battery charging• Tested circuit in lab with DC power supply• Tested circuit with generator power supply• Extrapolated data to verify target charging time was attained

Administrative Content

Work Distribution

Name Power Security Mobile Application Lighting

Cristovian XAndrew XRebecca XJavier X

Budget

Total: 1,163.21

Item Supplier Price/Unit # Units Total Cost Item Supplier Price/Unit # Units Total Cost

Power Generation         Security System Bottle Generator Amazon $16.95 1 $16.95 RFID Serial Module Parallax $39.99 1 $39.99 Schottky Diodes DigiKey $0.51 6 $3.06 RFID Tag Parallax $0.99 1 $0.99 LTC1921-Power Sensor DigiKey $5.00 1 $5.00 GPS Receiver Parallax $59.99 1 $59.99 LM 317-Regulator DigiKey $1.06 6 $6.36 Bluetooth Module Parallax $69.99 1 $69.99 LTC4007-Battery Charger DigiKey $7.63 1 $7.63 GSM Module SparkFun $99.99 1 $99.99 MAX921-Comparator DigiKey $5.00 1 $5.00 Propeller Microcontroller Parallax $7.99 2 $15.98 ADS7953-A/D Converter DigiKey $11.93 1 $11.93 Propeller DIP Kit Parallax $24.99 1 $24.99 12 V Li-Ion Battery BatteryWorld $50.00 2 $100.00 Other Lighting System         Bicycle Wal-Mart $150.00 1 $150.00 8 x 8 LED Matrix Futurelec $3.90 6 $23.40 Rack Wal-Mart $30.00 1 $30.00 EL Wire Coolight $1.40 72 $100.80 Wire Skycraft $0.09 20 $1.80 Zip ties SkyCraft $12.50 1 $12.50 PCB Manufacturing 4PCB $50.00 3 $150.00 Inverter Coolight $18.52 1 $18.52 Resistor Pack $5.00 1 $5.00 Tri-State Buffers DigiKey $0.52 10 $5.20 Capacitor Pack $10.00 1 $10.00 Headlight Target $15.99 1 $15.99 Acrylic Enclosure $30.00 1 $30.00 LEDs SparkFun $19.95 1 $19.95 Shipping $100.00 1 $100.00 Rocker Switches SkyCraft $3.50 5 $17.50 Reed Switches DigiKey $0.44 5 $2.20 Magnets SkyCraft $0.50 5 $2.50 Total $1,163.21

Questions?