PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF

Submitted by-GROUP NO- 7 AMAN MISHRA-12BSCAG071

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LITCHI

Plant Description:HEIGHT- less than 19 m (62 ft)

The bark is grey-black, the branches a

brownish-red

ROOT- shallow rooted

Leaves-compound with leaflets in 2-4 pairs

flowers -small, yellowish-white

Inflorescence- compound raceme

Fruit type- nut, contain:- aril- 70-86%

peel-8-15%

seed-4-18%

edible portion- fleshly aril

Pollination system: cross pollinated crop

NUTRITIVE VALUE

Energy 276 kJ (66 kcal)

Carbohydrates 16.53 g

Sugars 15.23 g

Dietary fiber 1.3 g

Dietary fiber 1.3 g

Vitamin C 71.5 mg (86%)

`China` is the biggest producer of litchi in the world.

India rank second in the the world(Area & Production).

In india litchi is grown on large scale in Bihar.

State rank – `Bihar`(area & production)

`West Bengal`(productivity)

AREA & PRODUCTION

Litchi growing state

State Area

(‘000 Ha.)

Production

(‘000 MT)

Productivity

(MT/Ha.)

Bihar 27.7 221.7 8.0

West Bengal 5.9 61.4 10.5

Assam 4.1 18.7 4.6

Punjab 1.2 11.6 10.0

Orissa 3.5 10.2 2.9

Tripura 1.7 9.0 5.1

Jharkhand 1.5 7.5 5.0

Uttaranchal 7.8 7.5 1.0

Nagaland 0.8 4.0 5.1

Others 4.0 4.5 -

TOTAL 58.2 356.2 6.1

State-wise Area, Production & Productivity of

Litchi

ECOLOGICAL REQURIMENT

Litchi is subtropical fruit

Bearing tree are much affected by

HOT WIND causing fruit cracking

Alluvial soil with good

drainage is suitable for litchi

orchard.

It can grow in wide range of

soils from light sandy to heavy

clay.

SOIL

The temperature should not

go beyond 40.5 0C in

summer and below freezing

point in winter

TEMPERATURE

VARIETIESEARLY-dehradoon(fruit have an attractive colour),

Early badam (seedless variety) ,

muzzafarpur, shahi

MEDIUM- rose santed, Mclean

LATE- seedless late(late bedana), calcttia, china

PROPOGATION From Seed

Through vegetative.

Litchi seed loses its viability with in 4-5days of its extraction from the

fruit.

The trees raised from seeds are very slow to come into bearing and

may take 10-12 years to come to bearing.

In vegetative propogation technique, litchi can be propagated

through cutting, budding, layering and grafting.

AIR LAYERING(in the month jun-july) is the Commercial method of

propogation.

SEED

VEGETATIVE

Details Usual Practice

Planting Time • August – September

• Planting may be done in spring and early summer if irrigation facility is available

Planting Distance • 10×8m.

• Average no. of plants- 200 per ha.

Size of pits • 1x1x1 m (pits are dug a few weeks prior to planting)

Filling of pits • Pits are left undisturbed initially for a period of 15-20 days.

• Filled with top soil mixed with manures and fertilizers @ 20-25 kg FYM, 2 kg

bonemeal and 300 g muriate of potash per pit.

Planting • Square system of planting is usually followed.

• A small hole is made at the center of the pit and the desired material is planted.

Water is applied immediately after planting

Age of the plant

(in years)

Manure/Fertilizer applied (per plant/year in kg)

FYM CAN (Calcium

ammonium

nitrate)

Super phosphate Muriate of potash

1-3 10 - 20 0.3-1.00 0.2-0.6 0.05-0.15

4-6 25 - 40 1.0-2.0 0.75-1.25 0.20-0.30

7-10 40 – 50 2.0-3.0 1.50-2.0 0.35-0.45

Above 10 60 3.5 2.25 0.60

Methods- Basin or ring system of irrigation is recommended.

Two irrigations at an interval of 45 – 60 days during winter

months is required for bearing litchi trees.

The trees are irrigated from fl owering onwards until the

completion of the post-harvest fl ush. However, the growers

normally irrigate the tree at 7 to 10 day intervals from panicle

emergence to fruit harvest or until the post-harvest fl ush

appears

Irrigation

Intercultural Operations

Mulching- The farmyard

manure, compost or straw

may be used for soil

mulching.

Cutting down of tall growing

weeds in the orchard and

spreading them over the soil

is another method of

mulching the soil.

Training & Pruning- After

planting, a certain amount of

pruning is often necessary to

give proper shape to the litchi

plant

Once the desired shape is

achieved, no pruning is

usually necessary, except the

removal of dead or diseased

branches

Weed control

Weeds compete with the trees for water and nutrients.

Mulches used include wheat, barley or rice straw, hay,

sorghum stubble and similar materials.

Reduce costs by growing mulch material between the

rows for later slashing.

Plant Protection Measures

Diseases

Litchi is almost free from fungal diseases in India.

Few diseases have been reported from any litchi-growinglocally.

1-Leaf spots

2-Red rust

Phiological Disorder

Fruit cracking

Presence of optimum moisture level in the soil

during fruit development is crucial for reducing fruit

cracking and quality litchi production Early varieties are

more susceptible to cracking than late ripening one.

Flower and fruit drop

Sunburn

Pest control1- Fruit flies

They cause severe damage to litchi fruit, especially

during fruit formation.

2-Litchi moth

This species also attacks macadamia nuts and is

related to the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta

(Meyrick), although it has not been recorded on citrus yet, which

is the main host of the latter pest.

Control-

The use of bait must be applied correctly and regularly to ensure

good results – 5 g trichlorfon 95% wsp + 25 ml protein hydrolysate

(or 800 g sugar) + 10 litres of water. Apply to each tree by using a

knapsack sprayer. Apply twice a week.

Harvesting

Depending on the tree age there are four growth phases in litchi

plants young non-bearing stage (1-3 years),

young bearing stage (6-10 years),

junior adult bearing stage (11-20 years)

senior adult bearing stage (21 years and

above).

Harvesting is usually done in May and June.

The fruits are harvested in bunches along with a portion of the

branch and a few leaves.

the litchi tree yields 40-100 kg. fruits annually depending on the variety,

locality, season, nutrition and age

Processing

Processing of lychee is done in different forms. Canning of pulp, aseptic

packing and ready to serve lychee juice are common. Dried lychee

processing is not in practice. Pulp of lychee is aseptically packed and

stored at 2-3°C for preparing lychee juice.

Yield

T H A N K Y O U

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