Lit 2 Unit 1 Synthesis

8/7/2019 Lit 2 Unit 1 Synthesis

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The Genesis

The Koran

Selected creation stories

BhagavadGita


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The Iliad, Homer

The Odyssey, Homer

Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

Divine Comedy,

Dante

Don Quixote de la Mancha,

Miguel Cervantes


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Similarities/differences between the Holy

Bible and the Koran

Context and its impact on the depiction of

the different creation stories

Hindu notions (i.e. reincarnation, yogic way,detachment)


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Greece

Saw the universe as an orderedone

Gods and goddesses are vivid

creations, mytho-poetic symbolsof the forces of nature and life


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Achilles andHector

Priam andAgamemnon

Helen and Paris

Odysseus

Penelope Telemachus

Athena


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1. Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turnsdriven time and again off course, once he had plunderedthe hallowed heights of Troy.Many cities of men he saw and learned their minds,many pains he suffered, heartsick on the open sea,fighting to save his life and bring his comrades home.But he could not save them from disaster, hard as hestrove

the recklessness of their own ways destroyed them all,the blind fools, they devoured the cattle of the Sunand the Sungod blotted out the day of their return.Launch out on his story, Muse, daughter of Zeus,start from where you willsing for our time too.


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2. So then, royal son of Laertes, Odysseus, man of

exploits,

still eager to leave at once and hurry back

to your own home, your beloved native land?Good luck to you, even so. Farewell!

But if you only knew, down deep, what pains

are fated to fill your cup before you reach that shore,you'd stay right here, preside in our house with me

and be immortal. Much as you long to see your wife,the one you pine for all your days . . .


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3. But you,Achilles,there's not a man in the world more blest than youthere never has been, never will be one.Time was, when you were alive, we Argiveshonored you as a god, and now down here, I see,you lord it over the dead in all your power.So grieve no more at dying, great Achilles.

I reassured the ghost, but he broke out, protesting,No winning words about death to me, shining Odysseus!By god, I'd rather slave on earth for another mansome dirt-poor tenant farmer who scrapes to keep alivethan rule down here over all the breathless dead.


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4. Of all that breathes and crawls across the earth,our mother earth breeds nothing feebler than a man.So long as the gods grant him power, spring in his

knees,he thinks he will never suffer affliction down the years.But then, when the happy gods bring on the long hardtimes,

bear them he must, against his will, and steel his heart.Our lives, our mood and mind as we pass across theearth, turn as the days turn . . .


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5. Just as I

have come from afar, creating pain for

manymen and women across the good green

earth

so let his name be Odysseus . . .the Son of Pain, a name he'll earn in full.


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No man can with impunity break the morallaw: the mill of the gods does indeed grind

small.

The dominance of the mind of man overcircumstance

The universe is bound by inescapable morallaw, the law ofdike (justice) and ofananke(necessity).


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Asserts that every moral event has inevitable

consequences just as have physical events

Evil act followed by disaster; it must be

worked out in sacrifice, expiation, or blindcatastrophe

Because of it, all is kept in balance.


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Primal sin to the Greeks

One ofself-conceit,inordinate pride,over-mastering ambition

When a man gives in to it, the whole creation

is darkened and the harmony of nature isjangled.


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Second flaming forth of Greek genius

Considered golden age of culture in world

history Twice a year the city held festivals in honor of

Dionysus, the god of fertility and

regeneration and the patron of the theatre

1st day procession 2nd day Athenean theatre (17, 000 people

sat as audience)


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Actors (thespis) wore masks which suggested

their general roles and which, incidentally,

had the additional value of acting asmegaphones

Dithyramb a choral performance which

involved dancing; later actors were added


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Drama

Dramatic re-presentation of universals

An imitation of an action that is serious,complete, and of a certain magnitude

Should result in a catharsis or proper purging ofpity, fear, and like emotions


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Had to be of sufficient proportion to

dominate an action of magnitude

A man whose tragedy followed from some

fault of character or some error of judgmentor frailty rather than from vice

Happiness to misery


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Fall of the Roman empire (410 A.D.)

Literature nearly died

Medieval- carried with it a connotation of

darkness, obscurantism, or ignorance

Did not accept everything on authority;reason was appealed to time and again


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gallant or distinguished gentlemen

the system, spirit, or customs of medievalknighthood

the qualities of the ideal knight : chivalrous

conduct

The truly dedicated knight is he who loves Godand fellow-man, and of course his lady.


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Courtly Love flourished in Provence

Written in a sweet new style (Dolce StilNuova)

Dantes conception of Courtly Love Has a religious and intellectuallized emphasis


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More than flesh and blood

A glorious agent or symbol of the divine, realin body but ideal in soul.

Her service is peremptory, its true, but the

end and aim of that service is not carnalsatisfaction only but aesthetic and spiritual

joy as well.


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The text asserts the infinite wisdom of

divine justice: sinners receive punishment in

perfect proportion to their sin; to pity theirsuffering is to demonstrate a lack of

understanding.

In the end, it declares that evil is evil simplybecause it contradicts Gods will, and Gods

will does not need further justification.


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Taken literally, the subject is thestate of the soul after death

considered simply. But allegorically,its subject is man, according as byhis good or ill deserts he rendershimselfliable to the rewardor

punishment ofjustice.


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1. Midway on our lifes journey, I found myself

In dark woods, the right road lost.

2. through me you enterinto the city of woes

through me you enterinto eternalpain,

through me you enter the population ofloss.

. . .abandonallhope, you who enter here.


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3. . . . One day, for pleasure,

We read of Lancelot, by love constrained:

Alone, suspecting nothing, at our leisure.. . .

And so was he who wrote it; that day we read. . .

No further. . . .


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4. I did not open themfor to be rude

To such a one as him was courtesy.

5. To get back up to the shining world from

thereMy guide and I went into that hidden tunnel;

. . .Where we came forth, and once more saw

the stars.


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Means re-birth

Men of the Renaissance did not abruptlysever themselves from the Middle Ages

15th-16th century

Discoveries and explorations

Use of movable type of printing

Age ofindividual expansion


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Had medieval origins in the folk tale and the

fabliau

Picaro a rogue, usually a servant or at least

a member of the lower classes

Endowed with a nimble wit and

unencumbered with a delicate sense of moralvalues, he invariably turns the tables on his

master or on society.


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Seems to be partly-mad

An arch-idealist

A gentleman filled with courage but

prey to self-deception

Represents theMindand imagination


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Realistic, practical, earthy

RepresentsSense and

practicality


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Both must be reconciled if life is to be lived at

its best; conversely, if they are divided,

personal disaster ensues.

The masters error is our error when wedisregard the evidence of sense; but the

servants failure is always our failure when weundervalue spirit.


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Lit 2 Unit 1 Synthesis

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