Listening TASK 1

You are going to listen to an interview with Mary Fronsworth, who will tell you about her trip to Japan. First you will have 45 seconds to study the task below, then you will hear the recording twice. While listening, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for quesGons 1-7. Put a cross (x) in the correct box on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

APer the second listening, you will have 45 seconds to check your answers.

Pursuing Happiness: Interview Mary Fronsworth – Japan

Melissa: Hello and welcome to another episode of Pursuing Happiness. One thing our show proves every week is that happiness comes in all shapes and sizes. For Mary Fronsworth from Edinburgh nothing holds more excitement than travelling the world and visiGng the most spectacular of places, and so the self-declared "professional globetroXer" spends most of her Gme doing exactly that. Her latest trip took her to Japan, where she marvelled at nature's beauty, explored ancient temples and even dived through mysterious underwater ruins – and today she's here to tell us all about it. Welcome, Mary!

Mary: Hi Melissa, thanks for having me.

Melissa: Mary, you've been travelling all around the world for almost fiPeen years now and you've been to 47 countries so far – that's amazing! Say, how did it all start? Did you just decide to go on your first trip one day ...?

Mary: (laughs) More or less, yes. I mean, I've always been fascinated by other cultures. I remember that as a child in school I loved all subjects that taught us about far off places and in my spare Gme I would read books and watch lots of documentaries aboutall kinds of ancient peoples and long lost civilisaGons. APer school I worked for an IT company for a while and got to know a few people who lived off blogging about their passions. That made me think, "Why not do that, too? Why not travel the world and earn money by telling about it?" So that's what I did.

Melissa: And it paid off right from the start?

Mary: In terms of knowing this was the right path for me and being mentally rewarding, yes. Financially, not right away, no. In the beginning I had to take on small jobs while I was travelling. I worked at a coXon farm in ArgenGna during my first trip, for example, or as a barmaid on a ship during my cruise through the West Indies. My blog was really popular right from the start, however, and through it I soon got to know quite a few people who would interview me for their magazines or even TV shows – and pay me Pfor it, too! I got paid for talking about my hobby, it was incredible! (laughs). For a few years now, that and the blog itself have earned me enough to get by on. I sGll take on

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jobs in other countries from Gme to Gme, tough. It's really interesGng to do all those different things.

Melissa: Sounds wonderful! So, you've just returned from your last trip, which was to Japan...?

Mary: Yes! Going there had been a dream of mine for a long Gme, but for some reason I only did it last year. (laughs)

Melissa: So, tell us about it. How long did you stay there? And how did you like it?

Mary: I spent five weeks there all in all, starGng in the very north, on Hokkaido, and journeying all the way to the Ryukyu or – as they are called by the Japanese themselves– Nansei Islands in the south. It was one of my very favourite trips so far.

Melissa: And what places did you see? Anything that was especially fascinaGng?

Mary: The enGre country is really fascinaGng, but I think the place I liked most was Nara with its "seven great temples". Nara used to be the capital of Japan during most of the eighth century and as such has lots of stories to tell. It is also extraordinarily beauGful, especially during "hanami" – the Gme when the sakura trees bloom.A very different place I loved to visit were the underwater ruins in Yonaguni. They were discovered by accident in 1995 and nobody really knows whether they were man-madeor not.

Melissa: You mean there's a city underwater and nobody knows who built it?

Mary: Not quite. There are curious formaGons down there. They somehow resemble an ancient city, with straight walls and even structures that look like staircases, but they could also be natural formaGons which just incidentally look like man-made edifices ... Even among scienGsts there are debates as to whether they are arGficial or not.

Melissa: That sounds like quite the interesGng place to see.

Mary: It was! Unfortunately I only got to spend about an hour diving through the ruins as I had to head back to my ship. I would love to go back there some Gme and explore some more, though.

Melissa: If you do, please come back here, too, and tell us about it again.

Mary: (laughs) I will. But first I'm off to Iceland.

Melissa: So your next trip's already planned?

Mary: Yes. In fact I'm leaving tomorrow.

Melissa: Oh wow, so soon. Well, good luck then, and hopefully you'll enjoy Iceland as much as you did Japan.Mary, thank you so much for taking the Gme to talk to us today.

Mary: You're welcome. Thanks again for having me.

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Q0 What is the name of the show, Mary is being interviewed for?

A Exploring JapanB Travelling the WorldC Pursuing HappinessD Happy Travelling

Q1 What Gtle did Mary give herself?

A Travel expertB Professional globetroXerC Blogging professionalD Explorer

Q2 For how long has Mary been travelling around the world?

A Fourteen yearsB FiPy yearsC FiPeen yearsD Forty-seven years

Q3 What kind of documentaries did Mary love to watch as a child?

A Documentaries about JapanB Documentaries about bloggingC Documentaries about travelling the worldD Documentaries about ancient cultures

Q4 How did Mary earn money on her first trip?

A She worked on a farm in ArgenGnaB She worked as a barmaid on a cruise shipC She blogged about her journeyD She gave interviews about her trip

Q5 Where did Mary start her trip through Japan?

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A In NaraB On the Ryukyu IslandsC On HokkaidoD In Tokyo

Q6 Which place in Japan did Mary like most?

A NaraB HokkaidoC The Nansai IslandsD Yonaguni

Q7 Who built the underwater ruins Mary visited?

A An ancient civilisaGonB The people of YonaguniC Nobody knows how they came to beD Nobody, they are natural formaGons

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Listening TASK 2

You are going to listen to three students talking about their favourite hobbies. First you will have 45 seconds to study the task below, then you will hear the recording twice. While listening, complete thesentences (1-8) using a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

AIer the second listening, you will have 45 seconds to check your answers.

Hobbies

Student 1, Gina:

What I like doing most is reading. I love all kinds of books, but especially fantasy and horror novels with lots of interesNng characters. Vampires and sorcerers are my favourites. I don't like elves so much, though – usually they are too serious (laughs). I think there is nothing beRer than spending an enNre day holed up in my room, drinking tea and going on adventures in the most fantasNc places. While reading a book, I can be anyone anywhere, that's what I love most about it.Apart from reading, I also really like being outside, enjoying nature. I live in the countryside, so there are lots of beauNful places close-by I can go to, like parks and forests and even a small lake. The lake is also a great spot for reading – at least when it's warm outside. In summer my friends and I usually go there to swim, too, although I prefer swimming in a pool. I'm always afraid I might touch one of the goldfish living in the water.

Student 2, Paul:

There are many things I like to do, but my very favourite hobby is drawing. I remember I've always loved it, even as a liRle kid. My grandfather was a painter and he had an enNre room full of crayons and carbon pencils and felt pens, and he would allow us to use them all. Playing in that room with all those beauNful colours felt like a trip to Wonderland (laughs). Later, in primary school, I aRended several art courses... I sNll do that whenever I get the chance. They tend to be expensive, though, so my parents won't let me take lessons too oIen. I pracNce a lot at home, too, and spend most of my pocket money on new colours and books which explain how to draw certain things. A few weeks ago Ibought a new book on how to draw comics, and now I'm working on my own comic book. I love telling stories through pictures! It's my dream to one day work either as a comic arNst or in the film industry, drawing storyboards for acNon movies.

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Student 3, Esma:

My favourite pasNme in all the world is playing football. Many of my friends, especially the girls, thinkI'm a bit weird, because football is supposed to be for boys only... but I've always loved it – and I'm really good at it, too! Even beRer than some of the boys. I have two older brothers and they were the ones who got me into it. When I was liRle, my mum used to send me off with them to play outside, and they would always run straight to the park to play football with their friends. In the beginning I used to only sit beside the playfield and watch them kick the ball ... but aIer a while it got really boring, so I asked them to let me play, too. They thought I wouldn't score any goals and lose interest, anyway, so they let me – but they were wrong. (laughs)As much as I love playing football, however, I don't want to try and become a professional player. I would much rather become a scienNst. My favourite subjects in school are biology and chemistry. I love doing experiments! Next year I'll go to a new school that specializes in science and aIer that I want to go to university to study bio-chemistry. It would be great to work on finding new cures and vaccines. I would really love that.

0 Gina's favourite kinds of books are __fantasy and horror novels__.

1 What Gina loves most about reading is that she __ _.

2 When swimming in the lake, Gina is afraid of ___.

3 Paul's grandfather had an enNre room full of ___.

4 Paul can't take art lessons too oIen because ___.

5 It is Paul's dream to one day be a ___.

6 Many of Esma's friend think that football is only ___.

7 Esma first played football with ___.

8 Next year Esma will go to ___.

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Listening TASK 3

You are going to listen to Jill Simmons repor2ng from the Free Spirits Rock Fes2val in London. First you will have 45 seconds to study the task below, then you will hear the recording twice. While listening, match the ques2ons (1-7) with the answers (A-J). There are two answers that you should not use. Write your answers in the boxes provided on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

AOer the second listening, you will have 45 seconds to check your answers.

Report rock fes5val

Hi everybody, this is Jill Simmons back from the Free Spirits Rock Fes2val in London. Once more I'm here to provide you with an exclusive insight look on all the fantas2c bands performing at the O2 arena this weekend.

Today's *the* day of the fes2val, with great interna2onal superstars such as The Coffee Addicts, Burning Embers or Light My Sun performing. Burning Embers certainly rocked the O2 last year, so I'm stoked to see them again later tonight. Light My Sun will be on directly before that and I *might* have been able to arrange for an interview with their sexy front man Tyler, so make sure to also checkin for my late-night report at 1 am.

S2ll quite some 2me 2ll then, however, so let's see what we got so far. Earlier this morning I've been listening to some great local newcomers, namely The Yorkshire Terrors, Simply Dread and Fiddler on the Black, and I see it as my solemn duty to let you in on every minute detail.

The Terrors, as you might have guessed, are from Yorkshire and their music is a mix between Goth Rock and Power Metal. How does that sound, you ask? One word: terrific. Their singer, Mike, who also writes the lyrics to all their songs, has a deep, strong voice that sends shivers down your spine as you listen to it, and their fabulous stage show certainly doesn't harm the atmosphere during their gigs, either. Their slot wasn't ideal... 9 am in the morning aOer an evening of partying is definitely not the 2me rockers feel their best, but those who came to listen obviously had a great 2me. By the way... if you've never heard of them, you can check out the link to their latest video on my blog – along with some steaming hot pictures of the guys, I might add.

Simply Dread came on aOer the Terrors and played a rather heavy Hard Rock set that reminded me of Brainwashed's early albums. Unfortunately their vocalist, Trent, had a bit of a sore throat, which was clearly audible, especially during the quieter parts of their show – but he gave his best nevertheless and made up for his croaky voice by being super charming and cracking jokes between songs. Their guitarist, Dave, deserves to be specially men2oned, too. Even though the band has been performing for no more than a year, he seems like an old pro on stage and his skills on the strings are impeccable.I hope to be seeing – and especially hearing – more of them very soon!

The third and last band to perform this morning were Fiddler on the Black. The charming South London quintet is fronted by the super talented Shiva Danes and specializes in what they themselves

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call "Medieval Rock". Their line-up consists of the typical rock constella2on, guitar, bass, keyboards and vocals, with the rather uncommon addi2on of an electric violin. Their lyrics tell about fantas2c, fairytale-like stories, tragic heroes and evil villains, and it seems they have a knack for elaborate make-up and costumes. Usually I'm not really into overly drama2c stage setups, but I very much enjoyed their show and would love to see what they do at their own gigs, outside of any fes2val. If nothing else, they seem super passionate about their music, and their fans repay that by being equally passionate about them playing it.

Alright! That's it for now, folks. The aOernoon sets are about to start, so I'll make sure to be there in 2me. Talk to you later with more news – un2l then: rock on and rock hard – Jill checking out!

Solu%ons

0 Which fes2val is Jill repor2ng from? F

1 What kind of band are The Coffee Addicts? C

2 A member of which band will Jill be interviewing later? H

3 What kind of band are The Yorkshire Terrors? D

4 Which musical genre are The Yorkshire Terrors? B

5 Which musical genre were Brainwashed's early albums? G

6 Whose singer was hoarse during his performance? E

7 Which band specialises in "Medieval Rock"? J

A Heavy Metal

B Goth Rock / Power Metal

C Interna2onal superstars

D Local newcomers

E Simply Dread

F The Free Spirits Rock Fes2val

G Hard Rock

H Light my Sun

I Interna2onal newcomers

J Fiddler on the Black

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Listening TASK 4

You are going to listen to a job interview with Mr. Enrico Vasquez. First you will have 45 seconds to study the task below, then you will hear the recording twice. While listening, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for quesIons 1-7. Put a cross (x) in the correct box on the answer sheet. The firstone (0) has been done for you.

ARer the second listening, you will have 45 seconds to check your answers.

Job interview: Enrico Vasquez (EV) / female interviewer (I)

(knocking on the door, door opens)

EV: Hello.

I: Ah, Mr. Vasquez. Please come in, take a seat.

EV: Thank you.

(he sits down)

I: Mr. Vasquez, you're here to apply for the posiIon in our IT department, is that right?

EV: Yes. Yes, I am.

I: Very well. So, tell me, how did you find out about the job?

EV: Oh, a friend of mine who already works here, Thomas Barley, he told me about the offer... and as I've always wanted to work in your company I immediately applied. Thank you very much for inviIng me to the interview, by the way.

I: The pleasure is all mine. Alright, Mr. Vasquez, let's hear about your experience so far. Your CV says you've worked on programming accounIng soRware before?

EV: Yes, I have. My previous company, Walt and Barnes Inc. ... they actually specialize in entertainment products, but they used a rather outdated accounIng program, so I wrote a few custom mods for them.

I: I see. But your actual job was to program entertainment soRware? Like video games?

EV: Yes, browser games and some apps for mobile phones.

I: Okay, that's great. (writes something down) So, why did you decide to quit your last job?

EV: Well, you see, programming games was fun, but I felt it was Ime for something new. Providing people with something fun to do in their spare Ime is important in its own way, sure, but I,

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personally, would rather do something that contributes to making this world a beber place for real. Like working for you.

I: Oh, I'm sure you will have lots of opportunity for that here, Mr. Vasquez – aRer all you'll be responsible for the soRware managing all incoming donaIons. (smiles)

EV: I'm looking very forward to that.

I: So let's talk about working hours. In your original applicaIon you wrote that you would like to work for us full Ime...?

EV: Yes.

I: ... and that you'd rather work at the office? That's quite unusual, most employees would ratherwork from home. (laughs)

EV: Well, you see, I have two lible kids, a five year old daughter and a boy who just turned three... They are great kids and I love them very much, but with them at home it's hardly ever quiet (laughs).

I: Mh, I understand. I have a seven year old daughter myself. Well, anyways, working here at the office is what we had in mind for you, anyway.

EV: That's great. Thank you.

I: Alright, so there's one last quesIon I have for you: What would you say are you three best and what are your three worst qualiIes relevant to this posiIon?

EV: Mh, that's a tough one. I would say one of my best qualiIes is that I'm usually really passionateabout whatever I decide to do. I really love programming for instance. One downside of this is, however, that I feel I can't get into anything I really don't like. In school, for example, I was really goodat every subject I loved, but I hated French... so even though I tried I never got anything beber than a D.

I: Well, I promise you won't need French for your job here (laughs).

EV: That's good to hear (laughs). Hm, something else that might be a bit of a problem is that I am not really a morning person. I try my best to be cheerful even then, but I'm afraid I'm oRen a bit grumpy before I've had at least two cups of coffee.

I: (smiles) I see.

EV: On the other hand, though, I have no problem working really late if needs be. I am generally very flexible when it comes to working overIme.

I: That's great.

EV: And finally... I don't know whether that's actually such a bad thing but I really need my quiet while I'm working. Therefore the request to work here at the office rather than at home. It's not that Iget angry or so if people around me are noisy, but I have a hard Ime concentraIng if they are.

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I: Okay.

EV: As for my last good quality... I believe I'm a rather cheerful and posiIve person who's easy to workwith. At least I hope I am. (laughs)

I: I really hope so too, but so far I share that impression. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Vasquez.From what I've seen I believe you're the perfect match for this job. We'll be in touch with you very soon.

EV: Thank you very much, I'd be delighted to work for you.

I: Have a good day then.

EV: You, too. Goodbye.

Q0 Which posiIon is Mr. Vasquez applying for?

A A job in the IT departmentB Programmer for entertainment soRwareC A posiIon in salesD A managing posiIon

Q1 How did Mr. Vasquez learn of the open posiIon?

A He was suggested by a friendB It was on their websiteC A friend told him about itD He read it in the newspaper

Q2 What did Mr. Vasquez mostly do in his previous job?

A He played video games for a livingB He programmed games and appsC He programmed accounIng soRwareD He wrote custom mods

Q3 Why did Mr. Vasquez quit his last job?

A The company went bankruptB He didn't like it

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C He moved awayD He wanted to try something new

Q4 What kind of soRware will Mr. Vasquez be responsible for?

A SoRware for managing company expensesB SoRware managing donaIonsC SoRware for browsers and mobile phonesD SoRware for ordering new products

Q5 Why would Mr. Vasquez rather work at the office?

A At home his kids keep talking to him while he's workingB He doesn't want to work aloneC He thinks the office will be quieterD He's always wanted his own office at work

Q6 In school Mr Vasquez...?

A hated French and was never good at itB hated French but was sIll good at itC loved French but was never good at itD loved French and was good at it

Q7 Mr. Vasquez believes he is ...?

A reliable and easy to work withB smart and friendlyC nice and humbleD posiIve and cheerful

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LIU TASK 1

Read the text about how parents influence their children's health. In most lines there is a word that should not be there. Write these words in the spaces provided on the answer sheet. 2-4 lines are correct. Make a (√) in the space if the line is correct. There are two examples (0, 00) at the beginning.

For the past few decades the number of overweight children in a first world (0) a

countries has been conJnuously increasing. While there is no doubt that this (00) √

trend is alarming, the most pressing quesJon is to what reasons are actually (1)

behind it. One major factor that decides if upon whether a child will live a healthy (2)

lifestyle or do not is the way their parents lead their own lives. Parents who tend (3)

to buy and eat the unhealthy food and exercise seldom or not at all themselves will (4)

usually project this behaviour onto their children. Not only will those kids eat (5)

unhealthy food at home, who they are also more likely to pick up faTy snacks and (6)

sweets for some lunch at school or for in-between meals. However, children who (7)

are used to eaJng fruit, vegetables or yoghurt for snacks and are taught to treat (8)

foods like chips and chocolate as tasty excepJons to their usual diet are much (9)

less likely to become overweight. Moreover, parents who are take their children on (10)

a bike tour on in the weekend rather than to the movies may teach them that (11)

exercise is fun while at the same Jme adding to their offspring’s all well-being. (12)

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LIU TASK 2

Read the text about the pros and cons of internships. Some words are missing. Use the word in

brackets to form the missing word for each gap (1-12). Write your answers in the spaces provided on

the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

The Pros And Cons of Internships

When trying to find a job, one of the most important aspects is, of course, the (0)

_applicant_’s (apply) education. Recent studies, however, show that nowadays (1) _______

(practice) experience may in fact be far more important than what a person studied in school

and university. Gaining work experience early on is therefore (2) __________ (increase)

important in order to get the job of your dreams. One of the most popular ways of gaining

early work experience are internships - but are they also the (3) _______ (good) way?

Internships certainly come with a wide range of advantages in (4) ____________ (compare)

to weekend and other regular jobs. First of all, internship positions are specifically created for

inexperienced (5) _________ (work) and students who would like to gain on-the-job

experience. Companies will therefore keep their interns' work times (6) ________ (flexibility)

so that they are able to plan their hours according to their school or university schedules.

Moreover, during internships companies will typically assign mentors to their interns, who

will teach them (7) _____________(requirement) skills or point out errors so they can learn

from their mistakes.

Internships might, however, also turn out to be much less worthwhile than they promised to

be. One of the reasons for this is that interns are often abused as cheap workers for lowly

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tasks, such as making coffee or operating the copy machine. These (8) ____________ (active)

will not gain them any relevant work experience. Another downside to internships, which is

(9) __________ (special) relevant for students who have to rely on a steady income in order

to sustain their livelihood, is that regular jobs will usually allow them to earn more money:

Non-internship positions usually place greater responsibility onto their (10) ___________

(employ) and also require them to learn by themselves instead of being tutored. This

responsibility might mean the job is more (11) __________ (stress), it will, however, also

show on the employee's pay check and might also provide greater motivation for the job as

tasks might be more interesting.

Considering all of the above, whether internships should be encouraged (12) ________ (great)

depends on the quality of the internship, a student’s ability to cope with stress, as well as their

financial situation.

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LIU TASK 3

Read the text about William Shakespeare. Some words are missing. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for each gap (1-9). Put a cross (x) in the correct box on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

William Shakespeare

When it (0) ___ to the big classics in literature and their writers, there is hardly a name as well knownas that of the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare.

Shakespeare (1) ___ on 26 April 1564 in StraPord-upon-Avon as the third-born child of a leather merchant and his wife. He spent his early years studying history, poetry, LaTn and Greek, before he (2) ___ started his career in theatre in 1585, at the age of twenty-one. Apart from being an actor and playwright, Shakespeare also co-owned the playing company Lord Chamberlain's Men and was involved in the (3) ___ of the famous Globe Theatre in London.

(4) ___, Shakespeare is best known for his fabulous drama as well as his poetry, especially his 154 sonnets. Most of these works (5) ___ between 1589 and 1613, for example the plays "Hamlet", "Macbeth" and "Othello". All but three of Shakespeare's sonnets followed a very specific rhyme scheme and pentameter, namely fourteen lines (6) ___ three quatrains and one couplet in iambic pentameter, today commonly known as the Shakespearean or English sonnet form.

One of Shakespeare's greatest (7) ___ during his lifeTme was Queen Elizabeth I. She was oaen seen at performances of his plays and also acted as his royal patron. Shakespeare's play "A Midsummer Night's Dream" was probably wricen for a special performance at the Queen's court.

Shakespeare died in 1616 at the age of fiay-two, supposedly of a fever. His plays and poems have inspired countless other works of ficTon and are the second (8) ___ quoted literary pieces aaer the bible. They have enchanted readers from all age groups and all over the world for centuries and will undoubtedly go on to do so for many more generaTons (9) ___.

0 A has come B comes C regards D concerns

1 A has born B bore C was born D has been born

2 A eventually B despite C generally D instead

3 A upbringing B consTtuTon C construcTon D determinaTon

4 A In regards B Regarding C Finally D Nowadays

5 A are wricen B had been wricen C wrote D were wricen

6 A comprised of B consistent C made from D built

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7 A criTques B admirers C apprenTces D actors

8 A many B most oaen C much D many more

9 A to come B to go C to conTnue D to watch

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LIU TASK 4

Read the review of Sarah Rees Brennan's "Unspoken", which the author very much enjoyed. Some words are missing. Choose the correct word (A-R) for each gap (1-15). There are two extra words that you should not use. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

Book Review: "Unspoken" by Sarah Rees Brennan

In (0) _case_ you are looking for a new Young Adult ficPon series to (1) _____ in love with, search no more, cause "Unspoken" will definitely blow your (2) ____.

Kami Glass is a teen journalist, (3) _____ in the small English town of Sorry-in-the-Vale. As beauPful and (4) _____ as Sorry-in-the-Vale may appear at first glance, (5) _____ seems to be quite different indeed: Animals keep ge[ng killed in the woods (6) ______ Kami's home, the long absent Lynburn family just (7) _____ to town, and the townsfolk seem (8) ______ nervous about it, not to say scared. Just the right place for a world-renowned journalist to be! Things get a lible more (9) ______, though,when Kami realizes that (10) ______ was killing the animals before is now aeer her. And as if that wasn't enough to deal with already, she also has to face the (11) _____ that her imaginary friend Jared, who has been her most beloved (12) _______ for as long as she can remember, is in fact a very real boy – and not just any boy, but one of the mysterious Lynburns of Aurimere mansion.

"Unspoken" (book 1 of "The Lynburn Legacy") has everything you would expect in a great book: Lots of hilarious banter, great (13) ______, exciPng plot twists and dark secrets from start to finish. The book's strongest sides, however, are its well-developed, loveable (14) ______ and its fantasPc story that will both make you laugh with joy and cry with frustraPon – somePmes at the same Pme.If you (15) ______ yourself a fan of great Young Adult and/or Urban Fantasy/Gothic/Mystery novels, there is just no way around "Unspoken". I guarantee, you will love it!

A case B consider C characters

D complicated E near F living

G mind H whoever I awfully

J repeat K fall L emoPons

M reality N which O companion

P peaceful Q fact R returned

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Reading TASK 1

Read the text about Stonehenge. First decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) and put

a cross (X) in the correct box on the answer sheet. Then iden>fy the sentence in the text which

supports your decision. Write the first four words of this sentence in the space provided. There may

be more than one correct answer; write down only one. The first one (0) has been done for you.

Mysterious Places: Stonehenge

Thinking about the best known places on the Bri>sh Isles, there is one that hardly anyone would fail

to recall: The famous standing stones at Stonehenge. While thousands of tourists find their way there

every year to take a closer look at the impressive prehistoric monument, what its actual purpose was

or who built it in the first place remains mostly unknown to us, even to this day.

The Known Facts

Stonehenge dates back to the Neolithic and Bronze Age and consists of two concentric stone circles,

which were originally surrounded by an earth wall and a ditch. At its centre there is yet another stone

structure, shaped like a horseshoe and oriented towards the rising sun on the midwinter sols>ce as

well as the seMng sun on the midsummer sols>ce. According to archaeologists studying the ancient

edifice, Stonehenge was probably built in several phases between 3000 BC and 2000 BC by an

unknown culture that inhabited the area at that >me. Considering the fact that this culture leQ no

wriRen records whatsoever, scien>sts can only speculate as to who they were or what Stonehenge

was originally intended for. Findings of human skeletons in the area and the monument's perfect

alignment with the sun on the sols>ces, however, make several theories especially popular, namely

that Stonehenge was either used as a burial ground, a place for religious rituals, a calendar or an

early observatory.

Myth and Legend

While there may be no wriRen records explaining who the people who first erected Stonehenge were

or why they did so, modern folklore features several myths and legends which provide possible

answers to these ques>ons. One of the best known myths surrounding Stonehenge's crea>on is taken

from Arthurian legend and tells the story of how the wizard Merlin brought the stones from Ireland

to England. In this version of the tale, Stonehenge was originally called "The Giant's Dance" and had

been built from healing stones giants had transported from Africa to Ireland to be able to cure their

wounded and sick. Yet another story speculates that the stones were brought to England from

Ireland, this >me, however, not by Merlin, but by the Devil himself, happy about the thought that no

one would ever find out how they had got there.

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Stonehenge and Neo-Paganism

Throughout history people were always sure about the fact that whatever Stonehenge was, it was

something ancient and mythical – and possibly connected to early Paganism. In 1905 that poten>al

tradi>on was revived by the so-called Ancient Order of the Druids – a group of neo-paganists who

used the site to perform a mass ini>a>on ceremony, accep>ng almost 300 new members into their

ranks. Ever since, Stonehenge has been the site of various druidic rituals and fes>vals, although those

ceremonies have been heavily restricted since the early 1990s to protect the precious landmark from

damage. Rituals s>ll performed at Stonehenge include the celebra>on of the winter and summer

sols>ces during which druids from all around the world gather at the stone circles to chant and dance

to honour the never-ending cycle of life, death and rebirth.

Whatever Stonehenge used to be in the past, what seems certain in the present is that England's

legendary standing stones will con>nue to intrigue mys>cs and scien>sts alike. And who knows?

Maybe someday we will even manage to unravel some of its ancient mysteries.

Statements T/F Evidence

Q0 At Stonehenge's centre is a U-shaped T At its centre there ...

stone structure

Q1 Stonehenge was probably built during the third

millennium BC

Q2 Scien>sts discovered that Stonehenge used to

be an ancient burial ground

Q3 According to legend, Merlin brought Stonehenge's

stones from Africa to England

Q4 Some stories say that giants used Stonehenge as

a place to heal themselves

Q5 Stonehenge might have been used by ancient druids

Q6 In the early twen>eth century neo-paganists

performed an ini>a>on ceremony at Stonehenge

Q7 During the sols>ces druids celebrate the cycle of

life, death and rebirth

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Reading TASK 2

Read the text about eBooks and self-publishing. Some parts are missing. Choose the correct part (A-J)

for each gap (1-7). There are two extra parts that you should not use. Write your answers in the boxes

provided on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

The (e)Book Revolu7on

A few weeks ago Nicola Davis (0) _D_. The book is the last part in a trilogy and the previous two have

so far managed to sell about 140 000 copies. Nicola's readership comes from all around the world

and (1) ___ of all age groups and ethniciNes – yet not a single one of them has ever held Nicola's

books in their hands. Not really.

Nicola's novels are so-called eBooks – digital books which are (2) ___ and meant to be read on

eReaders, such as Kindle, or on a computer screen. There is no printed version of any of Nicola's

works and, according to her, there never will be – and she should know best, as she is the only one

making decisions about them. Why? Because she also self-published, which means that she published

her novels without the involvement of any publishing house.

eBooks have been a growing trend in the publishing industry for quite some Nme now and Nicola is

only one of many authors who has chosen to go this way. Despite the fact that most of the writers

who do so are newcomers, there is also an increasing number of well-established authors who've (3)

___, for example Steven King with his short story "The Plant", an eBook exclusive. Moreover, there is

hardly any tradiNonal book now which is not also available in the eBook format, be it one of the great

classics or a very recent work.

Self-published eBooks have many advantages in comparison to tradiNonal books: They don't take up

shelf space, they (4) ___ (one visit to any online book selling plaZorm is enough), they can be stored

on the eReader in your bag or even on your phone and are therefore always at hand when you have a

short break to read, and they cost a lot less than printed books as they require no material or

transportaNon cost. Furthermore, the decision to self-publish means that the author gets to publish

the exact version of their book they like best. Usually the author writes their story and the publisher

will then (5) ___ and decide which cover and Ntle the book will have according to what they believe

will be best for the financial success of the novel. In cases like Nicola's, those decisions all rest with

her alone – which can be a good thing, or not.

Despite the fact that self-publishing and eBooks have many advantages, there are, however, also

quite a few downsides to this publicaNon method. When it comes to the readers, they might want to

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(6) ___ on something a bit more substanNal than bits and bytes and, what's more, many bookworms

like to decorate their homes with their favourite works or simply love the feel and smell of actual

pages. On the side of the writers, self-published eBooks may allow for them to make all the decisions

themselves, but publishing on their own also means that there is no one experienced to help them

with those decisions, properly edit their stories or adverNse them. Also, when it comes to actually

making money with the book, a good publisher might pay the author a certain sum in advance in

addiNon to the writer's share of the profits, thereby bearing the financial risk and enabling the author

to fully focus on wriNng another novel instead of working a day job. With self-published books,

money (7) ___ much slower, especially in the beginning of a writer's career. The choice whether to go

for self-published eBooks or tradiNonal ways of publicaNon is therefore strongly dependent on what

the author deems of greater importance – financial security or freedom of choice.

No mafer whether you are a fan of eBooks or prefer printed novels, the (e)Book revoluNon will

certainly conNnue, with more and more people joining it every day. And who knows? Maybe you will

be next, self-publishing your own eBook story, just like Nicola.

A are easy and fast to acquire

B will sell befer

C ask for plot changes

D published her third novel

E usually comes in

F sold via the internet

G already wrote four books

H jumped on the bandwagon

I includes book lovers

J spend their money

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Reading TASK 3

Read the text about learning English, then choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for ques>ons 1-6.

Put a cross (x) in the correct box on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for you.

Learning English the fun way

When it comes to learning a foreign language, simply focussing on the actual learning part of things

may become preKy boring aLer a while. Using other, more entertaining ways, however, can help

students remember vocabulary easier, allow them to casually prac>se their pronuncia>on or to learn

new ways of using words and phrases in the actual context of a conversa>on. One such fun way is

learning English by watching movies and stage plays.

Thinking back to our very first days, we find that all of us learned the basics of our mother tongue by

means of observa>on and imita>on. As infants we watched our family do and use things while giving

them names, which in turn taught us those names. We listened to our parents formula>ng sentences

and uKering phrases and aLer a while we started using them ourselves, adding new words to exis>ng

structures as we slowly got a feeling for what can and what cannot be used in a gramma>cally correct

way. The same effect takes place when we watch people doing and saying things in movies or on

stage. We subconsciously learn the names of things that are used while watching them being handled

by the characters. We listen to their use of words, phrases and gramma>cal aspects like tenses and

they automa>cally become part of our own understanding of the language. The combina>on of

sensory input while watching plays and movies – hearing, seeing and feeling with the characters –

provides our brains with anchors that make it easier to remember the things we learned thanks to

the contexts we connect them with.

The difference between watching stage plays and movies, though, is the kind of language one is most

likely to learn and thereby get more proficient in. While theatre tends to use very proper language

and some>mes even outdated varia>ons of English – take Shakespeare for example – current movie

blockbusters will usually feature rather casual dialogue with modern dialects and thereby show how

English na>ve speakers nowadays actually use language in various situa>ons. Watching both, stage

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plays and films, will therefore help students become skilled in using and especially understanding

different types of English instead of just the standard version that is usually taught in school.

Apart from only watching movies and plays, a student's English may also improve by them taking part

in movie discussion groups, where they watch certain films and then talk about them aLerwards.

Telling others about their opinions on the movies they’ve watched will help them get used to finding

the right words to express their feelings and views, which is a very important part of using any

language as we constantly address things and people according to our feelings for them. Moreover,

these discussion groups will also have students watch films that they themselves might not have

chosen to watch, which will introduce them to completely new topics and their specific vocabulary.

So, whether it's fluency, vocabulary or grammar a student wants to improve, watching and discussing

films and stage plays can definitely help them achieve their goals – and that in ways which are

effec>ve and entertaining.

Q0 What does the ar>cle suggest students should do to improve their English?

A Read booksB Watch movies and stage playsC Pay aKen>on in classD Travel to England

Q1 How do small children learn to use language? Through ...

A talking to other childrenB playing with their parentsC watching and copying their familyD watching movies for children

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Q2 What makes watching films and stage plays effec>ve for learning English?

A It is more funB It subconsciously teaches us new vocabulary and proper grammarC It uses uncommon terms and phrasesD It's always at hand

Q3 What about films and plays serves as an anchor for remembering vocabulary and grammar?

A The stories they tellB Our feelings for the charactersC The fact that films and plays are fun to watchD The combina>on of sensory input

Q4 What is the biggest difference between learning from classic stage plays and modern movies?

A They teach students different ways of using languageB Films use modern vocabularyC Stage plays usually use proper grammarD The only difference is that stage plays use outdated language

Q5 Which English accent is usually taught in schools?

A Bri>sh EnglishB American EnglishC Standard EnglishD Modern English

Q6 What can students learn from discussing films and stage plays?

A To express their views and opinionsB To understand different dialectsC To accept the feelings and views of othersD To argue with the other group members

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Reading TASK 4

Read the text about Remembrance Day. Answer the ques7ons (1-7) using a maximum of 4 words.

Write your answers in the spaces provided on the answer sheet. The first one (0) has been done for

you.

Remembrance Day

Every year in autumn Great Britain celebrates Remembrance Day in memory of all those who died in

baKle during the two World Wars and other armed conflicts of the twen7eth and twenty-first

centuries. The event is held on the second Sunday of November, also called Remembrance Sunday, at

the Cenotaph in Whitehall, London, and is aKended by the Queen as well as other members of the

Royal Family.

At the beginning of the ceremony in Whitehall, at exactly eleven o'clock in the morning, the Royals,

the leaders of poli7cal par7es and representa7ves of the Armed Forces join spectators from all over

the world in a two-minute silence. Fired gunshots mark its beginning and end. Following the silence,

buglers play the last post – a short call to symbolically summon the souls of the fallen to the

Cenotaph and mark the beginning of a ritualis7c night vigil.

AXer the silence and the post, the Queen, her party and other poli7cal guests from the

Commonwealth lay wreaths of poppies at the foot of the Cenotaph. The poppies stand for

remembering the dead and are a symbol of hope. Their red colour is vibrant and beau7ful and may

be reminiscent of blood, but that's not why they were chosen. They were chosen because when war

devastated most of the European countryside, those resilient flowers were the only ones that s7ll

grew in abundance. Their beauty amid the chaos was what inspired John Mcrea to write his famous

poem "In Flanders' Fields", which in turn inspired the produc7on of ar7ficial poppies to be worn in

remembrance of the vic7ms of war.

The Remembrance ceremony is concluded by a short religious service, the reveille bugle call, also

called the rouse, and finally the na7onal anthem "God Save the Queen". AXer the anthem the Queen

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and most of her family depart and the present war veterans will begin to walk past the Cenotaph in

order to pay their respects to their fallen comrades. Their route ends at Horse Guards, where a

member of the Royal family will take their salute.

Apart from the main ceremony at Whitehall, there are also several other Remembrance events held

in the same week, especially the opening of the Field of Remembrance at Westminster Abbey and the

Royal Fes7val of Remembrance at the Royal Albert Hall, both also in London. Remembrance Day

ceremonies, however, take place in Commonwealth countries all over the world.

Q0 Where does the Remembrance Day ceremony in London take place?

A: the Cenotaph in Whitehall

Q1 When does the ceremony in Whitehall begin?

Q2 How long does the silence at the beginning of the ceremony last?

Q3 What marks the beginning of the ritualis7c night vigil?

Q4 Which symbolic icon do people wear to commemorate the vic7ms of war?

Q5 What is the very last part of the Remembrance ceremony, before the Queen leaves?

Q6 Where does the route of the war veterans paying their respect end?

Q7 Apart from the UK, which countries worldwide also celebrate Remembrance Day?

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Wri$ng TASK 1

The London Reporter is holding an essay compe11on on the topic"Do youngsters spend too much $me on the internet?"

You have decided to par1cipate in the compe11on. In your essay, argue for or against the opinion that youngsters spend too much 1me on the internet.

You should:• discuss the role the internet plays in your life• analyse the possible effects of spending too much 1me on the internet on people's

health/educa1on/social well-being• outline your idea of how youngsters should use the internet responsibly

Give your essay a 1tle. Write around 400 words.

Notes (these will not be marked)

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Wri$ng TASK 2

In the past years your school has organised several charity events to support local non-profit clubs forstudents to take part in. At the end of each term, the school has to submit reports on how much money has been raised and how it has been distributed among these clubs. This year you have offered to write the student part of the report. These are the figures:

In your report you should:• present the data• analyse the benefits for the students of your school• suggest how the raised money should be distributed next term

Divide your report into secCons and give them headings. Write around 250 words.

Notes (these will not be marked)

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