Listening Practice Questions 121012 Ielts

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    Candidate Number

    Candidate Name ______________________________________________

    International English Language Testing System

    Listening

    Practice test  40 minutes 

    Time 40 minutes

    Instructions to candidates

    Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.

    Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.

    Listen to the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.

     Anser all the questions.

    While you are listening! rite your ansers on the question paper.

    "ou ill ha#e $0 minutes at the end of the test to copy your ansers onto the separate

    anser sheet. %se a pencil.

     At the end of the test! hand in this question paper.

    Information for candidates

    &here are four  parts to the test.

    "ou ill hear each part once only.

    &here are 40 questions.

    'ach question carries one mar(.

    )or each part of the test! there ill be time for you to loo( through the questions and timefor you to chec( your ansers.

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    Section 1 Questions 1–10

    Questions 1–5

    Complete the notes belo.

    Write no more than to ords and*or a number for each anser.

    Transport from ays!ater

    '+ample Anser

    Destination "ar#our $ity 

    ••••  '+press train lea#es at 1 ,,,,,,,,.

    ••••  Nearest station is % ,,,,,,,,.

    ••••  Number -0 bus goes to & ,,,,,,,,.

    ••••  Number 4 ,,,,,,,,. bus goes to station

    ••••  'arlier bus lea#es at 5 ,,,,,,,,.

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    Questions '–10

    Complete the table belo.

    Write no more than one ord and*or a number for each anser.

    Transport $ash fare $ard fare

    /us '  ,,,,, $.10

    &rain 2pea(3 $0 $0

    &rain 2offpea(3

     5 before 1pm or after ( ,,,,, pm3

    $0

    )  ,,,,,

    * ,,,,, ferry 4.10 6.11

    &ourist ferry 210 ,,,,,3 61 5

    &ourist ferry 2hole day3 1 5

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    Section % Questions 11–%0

    Questions 11–14

    Which counsellor should you see7

    Write the correct letter! +!  or $! ne+t to questions $$5$4.

    11 if it is your first time seeing a counsellor

    1% if you are unable to see a counsellor during normal office hours

    1& if you do not ha#e an appointment

    14 if your concerns are related to an+iety 

    +  Louise /agsha

      &ony Denby

    $  Naomi )lynn

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    Questions 15–%0

    Complete the table belo.

    Write no more than to ords for each anser.

    ,or-shop $ontent Target group

     Ad8usting hat you need to succeedacademically

    15 ,,,,,,, students

    9etting :rganised use time effecti#ely! find 1' ,,,,,,, beteen studyand leisure

    all students

    Communicating tal(ing ith staff! communicatingacross cultures

    all students! especially

    1( ,,,,,,,

     An+iety 1) ,,,,,,,! breathingtechniques! meditation! etc.

    students about to sit e+ams

    1* ,,,,,,, staying on trac( for long periods %0 ,,,,,,, studentsonly

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    Section & Questions %1–&0

    Questions %1–&0

    Complete the notes belo.

    Write no more than three ords for each anser.

    .o/el %1 ,,,,,,,

    Protagonists  ;ary Lenno+< Colin Cra#en

    Time period  'arly in %% ,,,,,,,

    Plot  ;ary → %= 5 meets Colin ho thin(s he>ll ne#er be able to

    %& ,,,,,,, . &hey become friends.

    Point of /ie!  ?:mniscient@ 5 narrator (nos all about characters> feelings!

    opinions and %4 ,,,,,,,

    +udience  9ood for children 5 story simple to follo

    Sym#ols 2physical items that represent %5 ,,,,,,,3

    •  the robin redbreast

    •  %' ,,,,,,,

    •  the portrait of ;istress Cra#en

    otifs 2patterns in the story3

    •  the 9arden of 'den

    •  secrecy 5 metaphorical and literal transition from %( ,,,,,,,

    Themes Connections beteen

    •  %) ,,,,,,, and outloo(

    •  %* ,,,,,,, and ellbeing

    •  indi#iduals and the need for &0 ,,,,,,,

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    Section 4 Questions &1–40

    Questions &1–&5

    Complete the table belo.

    Write one ord only for each anser.

    Time Perspecti/es

    Time 2one 3utloo- eatures $onse6uences

    Past Bositi#e emember good times! e.g. birthdays.

    =eep family records! photo albums! etc.

    &1 

    ,,,,,..

    )ocus on disappointments! failures! bad decisions.

    Present edonistic Li#e for &% ,,,,,.. < see( sensation< a#oid pain.

    )atalistic Life is go#erned by && ,,,,,.. ! religious beliefs!

    social conditions. Life>s path can>t be changed.

    uture &4 

    ,,,,,..

    Brefer or( to play. Don>t gi#e in to temptation.

    )atalistic a#e a strong belief in life after death and importance of

    &5 ,,,,,.. in life.

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    Questions &'–40

    Choose the correct letter! +!  or $.

    &' We are all present hedonists

    +  at school

      at birth

    $  hile eating and drin(ing

    &(  American boys drop out of school at a higher rate than girls because

    +  they need to be in control of the ay they learn

      they play #ideo games instead of doing school or($  they are not as intelligent as girls

    &) Bresentorientated children

    +  do not realise present actions can ha#e negati#e future effects

      are unable to learn lessons from past mista(es

    $  (no hat could happen if they do something bad! but do it anyay

    &* Ef Americans had an e+tra day per ee(! they ould spend it+  or(ing harder

      building relationships

    $  sharing family meals

    40 %nderstanding ho people thin( about time can help us

    +  become more #irtuous

      or( together better

    $  identify careless or ambitious people 

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    Transcript

    Narrator

    &est $

    "ou ill hear a number of different recordings and you ill ha#e to anser questions on

    hat you hear. &here ill be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you

    ill ha#e a chance to chec( your or(. All the recordings ill be played once only. &he

    test is in 4 sections. At the end of the test you ill be gi#en $0 minutes to transfer your

    ansers to an anser sheet. No turn to section $.

    Section 1

    "ou ill hear a con#ersation beteen a cler( at the enquiries des( of a transport

    company and a man ho is as(ing for tra#el information. )irst you ha#e some time to

    loo( at questions $ to 1.

    FG0 secondsH

    "ou ill see that there is an e+ample that has been done for you. :n this occasion onlythe con#ersation relating to this ill be played first.

    Woman 9ood morning! &ra#el Lin(. o can E help you7

    ;an 9ood morning. E li#e in /aysater and E>d li(e to get to arbour City

    tomorro before $$am.

    Woman Well! to get to /aysater ,

    ;an No! no. E li#e in /aysater 5 my destination is arbour City.

    Woman Iorry. ight< so that>s /aysater to arbour City. Are you planning to

    tra#el by bus or train7

    Narrator

    &he man ants to go to arbour City! so arbour City has been ritten in the space.

    No e shall begin. "ou should anser the questions as you listen because you ill not

    hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and anser questions $ to 1.

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    Woman 9ood morning! &ra#el Lin(. o can E help you7

    ;an 9ood morning. E li#e in /aysater and E>d li(e to get to arbour City

    tomorro before $$am.

    Woman Well! to get to /aysater ,

    ;an No! no. E li#e in /aysater 5 my destination is arbour City.

    Woman Iorry. ight< so that>s /aysater to arbour City. Are you planning to

    tra#el by bus or train7

    ;an E don>t mind really! hiche#er option is faster! E suppose.

    Woman Well! if you catch a railay e+press! that>ll get you there in under

    an hour , Let>s see 5 yes! if you can ma(e the J.60am e+press! E>d

    recommend you do that.;an 9reat. Which station does that lea#e from7

    Woman elendale is the nearest train station to you.

    ;an Did you say elens#ale7

    oman No! elendale 5 that>s 'L'NDAL'

    ;an What>s the best ay to get to the elendale station then7

    Woman Well! hang on a minute hile E loo( into that , No! it seems to me that

    you ha#e to options. :ption one ould be to ta(e the -0 bus from the

    /aysater Ihopping Centre to Central Itreet. When you get there! youtransfer to another bus hich ill ta(e you to the station. :r! the second

    option! if you don>t mind al(ing a couple of (ilometres! is to go directly

    to Central Itreet and get straight on the bus going to the train station.

    ;an :(ay. Which bus is that7

    Woman &he -JG ill ta(e you to the station.

    ;an E guess the al( ill be good for me so that might be the better option.

    What time do E catch the -JG7

    Woman &here are to buses that should get you to the station on time one 8ustbefore nine o>cloc( and one 8ust after. /ut loo(! at that time of the

    morning it might be better to ta(e the earlier one 8ust in case there>s a

    traffic 8am or something. &he K.11 is probably safer than the J.01.

    ;an "eah! E don>t ant to the miss the train! so E>ll be sure to get on the fi#e

    tonine bus.

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    Narrator

    /efore you hear the rest of the con#ersation! you ha#e some time to loo( at questions

    to $0.

    FG0 secondsH

    No listen and anser questions to $0.

    ;an /y the ay! ho much ill E ha#e to pay in fares7

    Woman Well! you can get a tic(et on the bus for $.K0 cash and you>ll need $0

    each ay for the train. Wait! do you ha#e a &ra#el Lin( Card7

    ;an No! but E can get one before tomorro.

    Woman :(ay! ell that>ll ma(e it considerably cheaper then. &he bus ill cost

    $.10 each ay! and the train ill be 5 the train to arbour City ill ,

    still cost $0.00 because you>ll be tra#elling during pea( hours in the

    morning! so no sa#ings there! E>m afraid. oe#er! if you could come

    bac( at an offpea( time ,

    ;an What does that mean7

    Woman Well! if you could start your return 8ourney before 1pm or later than half

    past - in the e#ening ,

    ;an Actually! E asn>t planning on coming bac( till at least K o>cloc( anyay.

    Woman En that case! you can ma(e quite a sa#ing if you use your &ra#el Lin(

    Card. "ou did say you ere planning to purchase one! didn>t you7

    ;an "es! E>ll pic( one up later today.

    Woman 9ood 5 that ould mean that your return train 8ourney ould only cost

    you -.$1 ith your card.

    ;an &han( you.

    Woman Es there anything else E can help you ith7

    ;an Actually! there is. Do you (no if E can use the &ra#el Lin( Card on

    ferries7

    Woman Ef you>re thin(ing of the arbour City ferries that go bac( and forth

    beteen the north and south ban(! those are the commuter ferries! then

    yes. A oneay trip costs 4.10 but ith your card you>d ma(e a G0

    sa#ing and only pay 6.11.

    ;an Io! 6.11 for the commuter ferry ,What about the tour boats7

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    Woman "ou mean the tourist ferries that go upri#er on sightseeing tours7 No 5

    they only ta(e cash or credit card. &hey>re not part of the &ra#el Lin(

    Company.

    ;an :h! E see. E don>t suppose you (no the cost of a tour7

    Woman En actual fact! E do! because E too( a friend on the trip upri#er 8ust last

    ee(. We decided on the afternoon tour and that as 61 each but E

    understand that you can do the hole day for 1.

    ;an &han( you. "ou>#e been a great help.

    Woman ;y pleasure. 'n8oy your day out.

    Narrator

    &hat is the end of section $. "ou no ha#e half a minute to chec( your ansers.

    F60 secondsH

    No turn to section G.

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    .arrator Section %

    "ou ill hear a guidance counsellor tal(ing to a group of students. )irst you ha#e some

    time to loo( at questions $$ to $4.

    FG0 secondsH

    Listen carefully and anser questions $$ to $4.

    Ipea(er

    ello e#eryone. E>m the counselling administrator here at It. E#e>s College and

    E>#e been as(ed to come and tal( to you about our counselling team and the ser#ices

    that e offer.

    We ha#e three professional counsellors here at It. E#es Louise /agsha! &ony

    Denby and Naomi )lynn. &hey each hold daily oneonone sessions ith students! but

    hich counsellor you see ill depend on a number of factors.

    Ef you>#e ne#er used a counsellor before! then you should ma(e an appointment

    ith Naomi )lynn. Naomi specialises in seeing ne students and offers a preliminary

    session here she ill tal( to you about hat you can e+pect from counselling! folloed

    by some simple questions about hat you ould li(e to discuss. &his can be really

    helpful for students ho are feeling a bit orried about the counselling process. Naomi is

    also the best option for students ho can only see a counsellor outside office hours. Ihe

    is not in on ;ondays! but starts early on Wednesday mornings and or(s late on

    &hursday e#enings! so you can see her before your first class or after your last class on

    those days.

    Louise staffs our dropin centre throughout the day. Ef you need to see someone

    ithout a prior appointment then she is the one to #isit. Blease note that if you use this

    ser#ice then Louise ill either see you herself! or place you ith the ne+t a#ailable

    counsellor. Ef you ant to be sure to see the same counsellor on each #isit! then e

    strongly recommend you ma(e an appointment ahead of time. "ou can do this at

    reception during office hours or by using our online boo(ing form.

    &ony is our neest addition to the counselling team. e is our only male

    counsellor and he has an e+tensi#e bac(ground in stress management and rela+ation

    techniques. We encourage anyone ho is trying to deal ith an+iety to see him. &ony

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    ill introduce you to a full range of techniques to help you cope ith this problem such

    as body aareness! time management and positi#e reinforcement.

    Narrator

    /efore you hear the rest of the tal(! you ha#e some time to loo( at questions $1 to G0.

    FG0 secondsH

    No listen and anser questions $1 to G0.

    Ipea(er

    'ach semester the counselling team runs a number of small group or(shops.&hese last for to hours and are free to all enrolled students.

    :ur first or(shop is called Ad8usting. We>#e found that tertiary education can

    come as a big shoc( for some people. After the structured learning en#ironment of

    school! it is easy to feel lost. En this or(shop! e ill introduce you to hat is necessary

    for academic success. As you might e+pect! e>re targeting firstyear students ith this

    offering.

    9etting organised follos on from the first or(shop. ere! e>re going to help

    you brea( the habit of putting things off! get the most out of your time and disco#er theright balance beteen academic and recreational acti#ities. With 9etting organised!

    e>re catering to a broader crod! hich includes all undergraduates and

    postgraduates.

    Ne+t up is a or(shop called Communicating. &he ay people interact here may

    be quite different to hat you>re used to! especially if you>#e come from abroad. We>ll

    co#er an area that many foreign students struggle ith 5 ho to tal( ith teachers and

    other staff. We>ll co#er all aspects of multicultural communication. Enternational students

    tend to get a lot out of this class! so e particularly encourage you to come along! but Emust say that sometimes students from a local bac(ground find it helpful too. Io!

    e#eryone is elcomeM

    &he An+iety or(shop is held later on in the year and deals ith something you

    ill all be familiar ith 5 the ner#es and an+iety that come hen e+ams are approaching.

    ;any students go through their entire academic careers suffering li(e this! but you don>t

    ha#e to. Come to this or(shop and e>ll teach you all about rela+ation and ho to

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    breathe properly! as ell as meditation and other strategies to remain calm. We>#e

    tailored this or(shop to anyone ho is going to sit e+ams.

    )inally! e ha#e the ;oti#ation or(shop. &he big topic here is ho to stay on

    target and moti#ated during longterm research pro8ects. &his or(shop is strictly for

    research students! as lessad#anced students already ha#e se#eral or(shops catering

    to their needs.

    Well! that>s it! than(s for your time. Ef you ha#e any questions or ant more

    information about our ser#ices! do come and see us at the Counselling Ier#ice.

    Narrator

    &hat is the end of section G. "ou no ha#e half a minute to chec( your ansers.F60 secondsH

    No turn to section 6.

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    .arrator Section &

    "ou ill hear a con#ersation beteen a tutor and to students ho are preparing for an

    'nglish literature test. )irst you ha#e some time to loo( at questions G$ to G4.

    FG0 secondsH

    Listen carefully and anser questions G$ to G4

    &utor ello Lorna! Ean. 9lad you could ma(e it. "ou>re the only to ho put

    your names don for this literature tutorial so let>s get started! shall e7 E

    ant to run o#er some aspects of the no#el! &he Iecret 9arden! ith you

    before the test ne+t ee(. /e sure to ta(e some notes and as( questions

    if you need to.

    Ean ey Lorna! ha#e you got a spare pen7

    Lorna Iure! here you are.

    &utor :(ay! so! the story follos to (ey characters 5 you should refer to them

    as protagonists 5 ho go by the names of ;ary Lenno+ and Colin

    Cra#en. &he story is set shortly after the turn of the tentieth century! and

    the narrati#e trac(s the de#elopment of the protagonists as they learn to

    o#ercome their on personal troubles together.

    Lorna &hat>s quite a common storyline! isn>t it7

    &utor "es! you>re right! Lorna. Io! hat can you tell me about the character of

    ;ary7

    Lorna Well! in the beginning she is an angry! rude child ho is orphaned after a

    cholera outbrea( and forced to lea#e Endia and mo#e to the %nited

    =ingdom to her uncle>s house in "or(shire.

    &utor &hat>s right 5 and there she meets Colin ho spends his days in an

    isolated room! belie#ing himself to be permanently crippled ith no hope

    of e#er gaining the ability to al(. &he to stri(e up a friendship and

    gradually learn 5 by encouraging each other 5 that they can both become

    healthy! happy and fulfilled in life.

    Ean Will e need to remember a lot of these details for the e+am7

    &utor ust the basic outline. '+aminers don>t ant to read a plot summary 5

    they (no hat the boo( is about. )ocus on narrati#e techniques instead!

    such as point of #ie.

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    Lorna What>s that mean7

    &utor Et>s all about ho e see the story. &his story! for e+ample! is ritten from

    the perspecti#e of hat is called an ?omniscient narrator@. :mniscient

    means all(noing. Io! as readers e get to see ho all the characters

    feel about things! hat they li(e and don>t li(e! and hat their moti#ations

    are in the story.

    Narrator

    /efore you hear the rest of the con#ersation! you ha#e some time to loo( at questions G1

    to 60.FG0 secondsH

    No listen and anser questions G1 to 60.

    Ean Won>t it be hard to rite a technical analysis7 After all! it>s a (ids> boo(.

    &utor Well! it as initially pitched at adults you (no! but o#er the years it has

    become seen as a more youthorientated or(. And you>re right in a

    sense 5 the simple #ocabulary and absence of foreshadoing ma(e the

    story #ery easy to follo and ideally suited for children. /ut that doesn>tmean there isn>t much to analyse. Loo( at the symbolism! for instance.

    Lorna Iymbols are things! right7 ;aterial things 5 li(e ob8ects 5 that stand for

    abstract ideas.

    &utor Absolutely! yes. And the author uses many of them. &here>s the robin

    redbreast! for e+ample! hich symbolises the ise and gentle nature that

    ;ary ill soon adopt 5 note that the robin is described as ?not at all li(e

    the birds in Endia@. oses are used as ell 5 as a personal symbol for

    ;istress Cra#en 5 you>ll see they>re alays mentioned alongside hername. And ;istress Cra#en>s portrait can also be interpreted as a symbol

    of her spirit.

    Ean Are symbols 8ust another name for motifs7

    &utor No! motifs are a bit different. &hey don>t ha#e as direct a connection ith

    something the ay that a symbol does. ;otifs are simply recurring

    elements of the story that support the mood.

    Lorna Are there any in this no#el7

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    &utor "es! to #ery important ones. &he 9arden of 'den is a motif. Et comes up

    a fe times in connection ith the garden of the story. And then you>#e

    got the role that secrets play in the story. En the beginning! e#erything is

    steeped in secrecy! and sloly the characters share their secrets and in

    the process mo#e from dar(ness to lightness! metaphorically! but also in

    the case of Colin! quite literally. is room in the beginning has the

    curtains dran! and he appears at the end in the brightness of the

    garden.

    Ean Anything else e need to (no about7

    &utor "es. Nearly all no#els e+plore uni#ersal concepts that e#eryone has

    e+perienced 5 things li(e lo#e! family! loneliness! friendship. &hese arecalled themes. &he Iecret 9arden has a fe themes that all centre on the

    idea of connections. &he no#el e+plores! for e+ample! the ay that health

    can determine and be determined by our outloo( on life. As Colin>s health

    impro#es! so too do his perceptions of his strength and possibility. &he

    author also e+amines the lin( beteen our en#ironment and our physical

    and emotional prosperity. &he dar(! cramped rooms of the manor house

    stifle the de#elopment of our protagonists< the garden and natural

    en#ironments allo them to blossom! 8ust as the floers do. )inally! thisboo( loo(s at connections beteen indi#iduals! namely ;ary and Colin.

    &his necessity of human companionship is the no#el>s most significant

    theme 5 because none of their de#elopment as indi#iduals ould ha#e

    occurred ithout their (noing each other. Well! that about sums it up! E

    thin(.

    Lorna &hat>s a great help! than(s.

    Ean "es! than(s #ery much.

    Narrator&hat is the end of section 6. "ou no ha#e half a minute to chec( your ansers.

    F60 secondsH

    No turn to section 4.

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    .arrator Section 4

    "ou ill hear a tal( on the topic of time perspecti#es. )irst you ha#e some time to loo( at

    questions 6$ to 40.

    FG0 secondsH

    Listen carefully and anser questions 6$ to 40.

    Ipea(er

    &oday! E>m going to be tal(ing about time. Ipecifically E>ll be loo(ing at ho people thin(about time! and ho these time perspecti#es structure our li#es. According to social

    psychologists! there are si+ ays of thin(ing about time! hich are called personal time

    Oones.

    &he first to are based in the past. Bast positi#e thin(ers spend most of their time in a

    state of nostalgia! fondly remembering moments such as birthdays! marriages and

    important achie#ements in their life. &hese are the (inds of people ho (eep family

    records! boo(s and photo albums. Beople li#ing in the past negati#e time Oone are alsoabsorbed by earlier times! but they focus on all the bad things 5 regrets! failures! poor

    decisions. &hey spend a lot of time thin(ing about ho life could ha#e been.

    &hen! e ha#e people ho li#e in the present. Bresent hedonists are dri#en by pleasure

    and immediate sensation. &heir life motto is to ha#e a good time and a#oid pain. Bresent

    fatalists li#e in the moment too! but they belie#e this moment is the product of

    circumstances entirely beyond their control< it>s their fate. Whether it>s po#erty! religion or

    society itself! something stops these people from belie#ing they can play a role inchanging their outcomes in life. Life simply ?is@ and that>s that.

    Loo(ing at the future time Oone! e can see that people classified as future acti#e are

    the planners and gogetters. &hey or( rather than play and resist temptation. Decisions

    are made based on potential consequences! not on the e+perience itself. A second

    futureorientated perspecti#e! future fatalistic! is dri#en by the certainty of life after death

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    and some (ind of a 8udgement day hen they ill be assessed on ho #irtuously they

    ha#e li#ed and hat success they ha#e had in their li#es.

    :(ay! let>s mo#e on. "ou might as( ?ho do these time Oones affect our li#es7@ Well!

    let>s start at the beginning. '#eryone is brought into this orld as a present hedonist. No

    e+ceptions. :ur initial needs and demands 5 to be arm! secure! fed and atered 5 all

    stem from the present moment. /ut things change hen e enter formal education 5

    e>re taught to stop e+isting in the moment and to begin thin(ing about future outcomes.

    /ut! did you (no that e#ery nine seconds a child in the %IA drops out of school7 )or

    boys! the rate is much higher than for girls. We could easily say ?Ah! ell! boys 8ust

    aren>t as bright as girls@ but the e#idence doesn>t support this. A recent study states that

    boys in America! by the age of tenty one! ha#e spent $0!000 hours playing #ideo

    games. &he research suggests that they>ll ne#er fit in the traditional classroom because

    these boys require a situation here they ha#e the ability to manage their on learning

    en#ironment.

    No! let>s loo( at the ay e do pre#ention education. All pre#ention education is aimed

    at a future time Oone. We say ?don>t smo(e or you>ll get cancer@! ?get good grades or you

    on>t get a good 8ob@. /ut ith presentorientated (ids that 8ust doesn>t or(. Although

    they understand the potentially negati#e consequences of their actions! they persist ith

    the beha#iour because they>re not li#ing for the future< they>re in the moment right no.

    We can>t use logic and it>s no use reminding them of potential fallout from their

    decisions or pre#ious errors of 8udgment 5 e>#e got to get in their minds 8ust as they>re

    about to ma(e a choice.

    &ime perspecti#es ma(e a big difference in ho e #alue and use our time. When

     Americans are as(ed ho busy they are! the #ast ma8ority report being busier than e#er

    before. &hey admit to sacrificing their relationships! personal time and a good night>s

    sleep for their success. &enty years ago! 0 of Americans had sitdon dinners ith

    their families! and no only G0 do. /ut hen they>re as(ed hat they ould do ith an

    eightday ee(! they say ?:h that>d be great@. &hey ould spend that time labouring

    aay to achie#e more. &hey>re constantly trying to get ahead! to get toard a future

    point of happiness.

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    Io! it>s really important to be aare of ho other people thin( about time. We tend to

    thin( ?:h! that person>s really irresponsible@ or ?&hat guy>s poer hungry@ but often hat

    e>re loo(ing at is not fundamental differences of personality! but really 8ust different

    ays of thin(ing about time. Ieeing these conflicts as differences in time perspecti#e!

    rather than distinctions of character! can facilitate more effecti#e cooperation beteen

    people and get the most out of each person>s indi#idual strengths.

    Narrator

    &hat is the end of section 4. "ou no ha#e half a minute to chec( your ansers.F60 secondsH

    &hat is the end of the listening test. "ou no ha#e $0 minutes to transfer your ansers

    to the listening anser sheet.