ListeningPROCESS, TYPES, TECHNIQUES AND BARRIERS

“”

We have but two ears and mouth so that we may listen twice as much as we speak

- THOMAS ALVA EDISON

Listening, despite being one of the most important part of communication is often the most undervalued one.

Writing10%

Reading15%

Talking30%

Listen-ing

45%

Writing Reading Talking Listening

Of the total time we spend in communication, 10 percent is spent writing, 15 percent reading, 30 percent talking, and 45 percent listening

Hearing vs. Listening

Hearing is an involuntary process that starts with noise, vibrations, the movement of fluid in the ears and sound sent to the brain. 

Listening is a voluntary act where we try to make sense out of the noise our ear receives.

Process of Listening

Process of Listening

Hearing, auditory perception,  is an involuntary process that starts with noise, vibrations, the movement of fluid in the ears and sound sent to the brain.

Hearing

Process of Listening Here we are actually

gathering the words and sentences in our brain to be used in the next stage.

Think of the words and sentences as if they are packages on a store shelf. You just toss what you want into your shopping cart.

Attending

Process of Listening

In this stage, you begin to make meaning of the words and sentences

Our understanding need not be same as the speaker’s.

Interpreting

Process of Listening

This is where you react to the message by sending your own message or a non-verbal gesture.

Responding

Types of Listening …….FOR DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

Discriminative Listening• This is the most basic form of listening and does not

involve the understanding of the meaning of words or phrases but merely the different sounds that are produced.

• If you cannot hear differences, you can’t understand it.

• Body languages and gestures play much role here.

Comprehensive listening

• Comprehensive listening involves understanding the message or messages that are being communicated.

• To comprehend the meaning requires first having basic knowledge of words and rules of grammar.

• Also known as Informative listening.

Critical Listening• Critical listening is listening in

order to evaluate and judge, forming opinion about what is being said.

• Involve analysis of the information being received with what we already know.

Therapeutic or Empathic Listening• Empathic listening

involves attempting to understand the feelings and emotions of the speaker – to put yourself into the speaker’s shoes and share their thoughts.

Other types of listening…… Appreciative listening -It is

listening for enjoyment. Usually music or other forms of entertainment.

Dialogic listening -When trying to build rapport with others we can engage in a type of listening that encourages the other person to trust and like us.

Selective listening -You hear only what you want to. It is sign of failing communication

Techniques of effective listening

Techniques of effective listening

Face the speaker and make eye contact.But not too much.

Techniques of effective listening

Be attentive, but relaxed.Mentally screen out distractions, like background activity and thoughts.

Techniques of effective listening

Keep an open mind.Listen without judging the other person or jumping to conclusions.

Techniques of effective listening

Don’t interruptWait for the speaker to pause before expressing your opinion.

Techniques of effective listening

Respond with body language. Nodding and short verbal comments are a huge boost.

Techniques of effective listening

Ask questions only to ensure understanding.Respond accordingly to show interest.

Techniques of effective listening

Use appropriate facial expressions.

Techniques of effective listening

Have an honest responseWhen it's your turn to speak, respond honestly and openly - but always politely.

Barriers to effective listening

Barriers to effective listening

Environmental barriers

Visual distractions.Smoke, noise, temperature and lighting.

Barriers to effective listening

Physical barriers

Physiological noise such as pains, tiredness, hearing and vision impairments.

Barriers to effective listening

Linguistic barriers

Jargon or sophisticated language.Monotonous voice.Lack of clarity in speech.

Barriers to effective listening

Psychological Barriers

Anger, anxiety, frustration or stress due to other factors.Prejudice, racism, stereotypes and other negative factors.

Barriers to effective listening

Perceptual Barriers

Seeing the same situation from a different point of view.Different backgrounds.Different attitudes, beliefs.

Barriers to effective listening

Content Barrier

The content itself, is not interesting or too difficult.Too long.Too repetitive.

Summary Process of Listening

Hearing Attending Interpreting Responding

Types of Listening Discriminative Listening Comprehensive Listening Critical Listening Empathetic Listening Appreciative, Dialogic and Selective Listening

Summary Techniques of effective listening

Makin eye contact Keeping an open mind Not interrupting Responding using gestures and comments

Barriers to effective listening Environmental Barriers Physical Barriers Linguistic & Perceptual Barriers Psychological Barriers Content Barriers