Head

Scalp/Eyelid

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

occipitofrontalis 2 occipital bellies and 2frontal bellies.

galeaaponeurotica facial nerve raises the

eyebrows

occipitalis

superior nuchal line ofthe occipital bonemastoid part of thetemporal bone

galeaaponeurotica occipital artery

posteriorauricular nerve(facial nerve)

frontalis galea aponeurotica mastoidprocess ophthalmic artery facial nerve wrinkles

eyebrow

orbicularis oculifrontal bone; medialpalpebral ligament;lacrimal bone

lateralpalpebralraphe

ophthalmic,zygomatico-orbital, angular

zygomaticbranch of facial

closeseyelids

levatorpalpebraesuperioris

corrugatorsupercilii superciliary arches

foreheadskin, neareyebrow

facial nerve wrinklesforehead

depressorsupercilii medial orbital rim

medialaspect ofbony orbit

facial nerveDepressestheeyebrow

Extraocular muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistlevatorpalpebraesuperioris

sphenoid bone tarsal plate, uppereyelid ophthalmic artery oculomotor

nerveretracts//elevateseyelid

orbicularisoculimuscle

superiortarsal

underside oflevator palpebraesuperioris

superior tarsal plateof the eyelid

sympatheticnervous system

raise theuppereyelid

orbicularisoculi

frontal bone,medial palpebralligament, andlacrimal bone

lateral palpebralraphe

ophthalmicartery,zygomatico-orbital artery,angular artery

facialnerve closes the eyelids

levatorpalpebraesuperiorismuscle

Rectus muscles

superiorannulus of Zinnat the orbitalapex

7.5 mm superior tothe corneal limbus oculomotor

nerve

elevates, adducts,and rotates mediallythe eye

inferior6.5 mm inferiorto the corneallimbus

inferior branch ofoculomotor nerve

depressionandadduction

medial5.5 mm medialto the corneallimbus

inferior divisionof the oculomotornerve

adducts theeyeball

lateral7 mm temporalto the corneallimbus

abducens nerve abducts theeyeball

Oblique muscles

superior

annulus of Zinnat the orbitalapex, medial tooptic canal

outer posteriorquadrant of theeyeball

lateral muscularbranch of theophthalmic artery

trochlearnerve

primary: intorsion.secondary:abduct(laterally rotate) anddepress the eyeball

inferior

orbital surface ofthe maxilla,lateral to thelacrimal groove

laterally onto theeyeball, deep to thelateral rectus, by ashort flat tendon

oculomotornerve

extorsion, elevation,abduction

Intraocular

Ear

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

auriculares galealaponeurosis

front of the helix,cranial surface ofthe pinna

facial nerve (Wiggle ears)

temporoparietalis auricularesmuscles galea aponeurotica

stapedius neck of stapes facial nervecontrol the amplitudeof sound waves to theinner ear

tensor tympani Eustachiantube

handle of themalleus

superiortympanicartery

medial pterygoidnerve frommandibular nerve

tensing the tympanicmembrane

Nose

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

procerusfrom fascia over thelower of the nasalbone

skin of the lowerpart of theforehead betweenthe eyebrows

buccal branch ofthe facial nerve

Draws down themedial angle of theeyebrow, givingexpressions offrowning

nasalis maxilla nasal bone

Compresses bridge,depresses tip ofnose, elevatescorners of nostrils

dilatatornaris

margin of the nasalnotch of the maxilla,greater and lesseralar cartilages

skin near themargin of thenostril

dilation of nostrils

depressor incisive fossa of thenasal septum andback part of the depression of nasal

septi nasi maxilla alar part ofnasalis muscle

septum

levatorlabiisuperiorisalaequenasi

maxilla nostril and upperlip

superiorlabialartery

dilates the nostril;elevates the upperlip and wing of thenose

Mouth

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistlevatoranguli oris(caninus)

maxilla modiolus of mouth facialartery

facialnerve

smile (elevatesangle of mouth)

depressoranguli oris(triangularis)

tubercle of mandible modiolus of mouth facialartery

mandibularbranch offacialnerve

depresses angle ofmouth

levator labiisuperioris

medial infra-orbitalmargin

skin and muscle of theupper lip (labiisuperioris)

superiorlabialartery

buccalbranch ofthe facialnerve

Elevates the upperlip

depressorlabiiinferioris

oblique line of themandible, between thesymphysis and themental foramen

integument of thelower lip, orbicularisoris fibers, its fellow ofthe opposite side

inferiorlabialartery

facialnerve

Depresses thelower lip

mentalis anterior mandible chin

mandibularbranch offacialnerve

elevates andwrinkles skin ofchin, protrudeslower lip

buccinator

alveolar processes of themaxillary bone andmandible,pterygomandibular raphe

in the fibres of theorbicularis oris

buccalartery

buccalbranch ofthe facialnerve

compress thecheeks against theteeth (blowing),mastication.

orbicularisoris maxilla and mandible skin around the lips pucker the

lips

risorius parotid fascia modiolus facialartery

draw backangle ofmouth

Zygomatic muscles

major anterior of zygomaticbone modiolus of mouth facial

artery

buccalbranch ofthe facialnerve

draws angle ofmouth upward andlaterally

minor zygomatic bone skin of the upper lip

facialnerve,buccalbranch

elevatesupper lip

Mastication

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

masseter zygomatic arch andmaxilla

coronoidprocess andramus ofmandible

massetericartery masseteric nerve (V3)

elevation (as inclosing of themouth) andretraction ofmandible

platysmamuscle

temporalistemporal lines on theparietal bone of theskull

coronoidprocess ofthemandible

deeptemporal

third branch (mandibularnerve) of the trigeminalnerve

elevation andretraction ofmandible

Pterygoid muscles

lateralgreat wing ofsphenoid andpterygoid plate

condyle ofmandible

pterygoidbranches ofmaxillaryartery

external pterygoid nervefrom the mandibularnerve

depressesmandible

medial

deep head: medialside of lateralpterygoid platebehind the upperteethsuperficial head:pyramidal process ofpalatine bone andmaxillary tuberosity

medialangle ofthemandible

mandibularnerve vianerve tomedialpterygoid

elevates mandible,closes jaw, helps lateralpterygoids in moving thejaw from side to side

Tongue

Extrinsic

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

genioglossus

Superior part ofmental spine ofmandible(symphysismenti)

Dorsum oftongue andbody ofhyoid

Lingualartery

hypoglossalnerve

Complex - Inferior fibers protrudethe tongue, middle fibers depressthe tongue, and its superior fibersdraw the tip back and down

hyoglossus hyoid side of thetongue hypoglossal

nerve depresses tongue

chondroglossuslesser cornu andbody of thehyoid bone

intrinsicmuscularfibers ofthe tongue

hypoglossalnerve

depresses tongue (some considerthis muscle to be part ofhyoglossus)

styloglossus Styloid processof temporal bone tongue Hypoglossal

nerve elevates and retracts tongue

inferior andmiddlefibers ofgenioglossus

vagus nerve

palatoglossus palatineaponeurosis tongue and cranial

accessorynerve

raising the back part of the tongue

Intrinsic

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

superiorlongitudinal

close to the epiglottis, fromthe median fibrous septum

edges of thetongue hypoglossal

nerve

shortens, turns tipupward, turns lateralmargins upward

transversus median fibrous septum sides of thetongue hypoglossal

nerve narrows and elongates

inferiorlongitudinal root of the tongue apex of the

tongue Hypoglossalnerve

shortens, retracts, pullstip downward

verticalismuscle dorsum of tongue

inferior surfaceborders oftongue

hypoglossalnerve flattens

Soft palate

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

levator velipalatini

temporalbone,Eustachiantube

palatineaponeurosis facial artery vagus nerve

Aids inswallowing byelevating the softpalate

tensor velipalatini

medialpterygoidplate of thesphenoidbone

medialpterygoid ofmandibularnerve

Aids inswallowing bycontrolling thetension of the softpalate

musculus uvulae hard palate pharyngealplexus

Moves andchanges shape ofthe uvula

palatoglossus palatineaponeurosis tongue

vagus nerve andcranial accessorynerve

Aids inrespiration byraising the backpart of thetongue

palatopharyngeus

palatineaponeurosisand hardpalate

upper border ofthyroid cartilage(blends withconstrictor fibers)

facial arteryvagus nerve andcranial accessorynerve

Aids inrespiration bypulling thepharynx andlarynx

Pharynx

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

stylopharyngeus temporal styloidprocess

thyroid cartilage(pharynx)

pharyngealbranches ofascendingpharyngealartery

glossopharyngealnerve

elevate thelarynx,elevate thepharynx,swallowing

salpingopharyngeus cartilage of theEustachian tube

posteriorfasciculus of thepharyngopalatinusmuscle

vagus nerve andcranial accessorynerve

raise thenasopharynx

Pharyngeal muscles

inferior cricoid and thyroidcartilage pharyngeal raphe

pharyngealbranches ofascendingpharyngealartery

externallaryngeal branchof the vagus

Swallowing

middle hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe vagus nerve Swallowing

superior

medial pterygoidplate,pterygomandibularraphé, alveolarprocess

pharyngeal raphe,pharyngealtubercle

vagus nerve Swallowing

Larynx

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

cricothyroidanterior andlateral cricoidcartilage

inferior cornuand lamina ofthe thyroidcartilage

externallaryngealbranch ofthe vagus

tension and elongation of the vocalfolds (has minor adductory effect)

arytenoidarytenoidcartilage onone side

arytenoidcartilage onopposite side

recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus

approximate the arytenoidcartilages (close rima glottidis)

thyroarytenoid

inner surfaceof the thyroidcartilage(anterioraspect)

anteriorsurface ofarytenoidcartilage

recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus

thickens the vocal folds anddecreases length; also helps toadduct the vocal folds duringspeech

Cricoarytenoid muscles

posterior posterior partof the cricoid

muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage

recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus

abducts and laterally rotates thecartilage, pulling the vocalligaments away from the midlineand forward and so opening therima glottidis

lateralcricoarytenoidmuscle

laterallateral part ofthe arch of thecricoid

muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage

recurrentlaryngealbranch ofthe vagus

adduct and medially rotate thecartilage, pulling the vocalligaments towards the midline andbackwards and so closing off therima glottidis

Neck

Cervical

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

platysma

inferiorclavicleand fasciaof chest

mandible

branches ofthesubmentalartery andsuprascapularartery

cervicalbranch ofthe facialnerve(CN VII)

Draws the corners of the mouthinferiorly and widens it (as inexpressions of sadness andfright). Also draws the skin ofthe neck superiorly when teethare clenched

Masseter,Temporalis

sternocleidomastoid

manubriumsterni,medialportion ofthe clavicle

mastoidprocess ofthe temporalbone,superiornuchal line

occipitalartery andthe superiorthyroidartery

motor:accessorynervesensory:cervicalplexus

Acting alone, tilts head to itsown side and rotates it so theface is turned towards theopposite side.

Acting together, flexes the neck,raises the sternum and assists inforced inspiration. ||

Suprahyoid

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

digastric

anterior belly -digastric fossa(mandible); posteriorbelly - mastoidprocess of temporalbone

Intermediatetendon(hyoidbone)

anterior belly - mandibulardivision of the trigeminal(CN V) via the mylohyoidnerve; posterior belly -facial nerve (CN VII)

Opens the jawwhen themasseter andthe temporalisare relaxed.

stylohyoid styloid process(temporal)

greatercornu ofhyoid bone

facial nerve (CN VII)Elevate thehyoid duringswallowing

mylohyoid Mylohyoid line(mandible)

Medianraphé

mylohyoidbranch ofinferioralveolarartery

mylohyoid nerve, frominferior alveolar branch ofmandibular nerve [V3]

Raises oralcavity floor,elevates hyoid,depressesmandible

geniohyoid Symphysis menti hyoid bone C1 via hypoglossal nerve

carry hyoidbone and thetongue upwardduringdeglutition

Infrahyoid/Strap

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

sternohyoid manubrium of hyoid ansa depress hyoid bone

sternum bone cervicalis

sternothyroid manubrium thyroidcartilage Ansa

cervicalisElevates larynx, may slightly depress hyoidbone

thyrohyoid thyroidcartilage

hyoidbone

firstcervicalnerve

depress hyoid bone

omohyoid Upper borderof the scapula

Hyoidbone Ansa

cervicalis

Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone.Carries hyoid bone backward and to theside

Vertebrate

Anterior

Lateral

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

scalenemuscles

cervicalvertebrae

first andsecond ribs

ascendingcervicalartery(branch ofinferiorthyroidartery)

cervicalnerves (C3,C4, C5, C6,C7

elevation of ribs I&II

anterior C3-C6 first rib

ascendingcervicalartery(branch ofinferiorthyroidartery)

ventralramus of C5,C6

When the neck is fixed, elevatesthe first rib to aid in breathing orwhen the rib is fixed, bends theneck forward and sideways androtates it to the opposite side

medius C2-C6 first rib

ascendingcervicalartery(branch ofinferiorthyroidartery)

ventral ramiof the thirdto eighthcervicalspinal nerves

Elevate 1st rib, rotate the neck tothe opposite side

posteriortransverseprocesses ofC4 - C6

2nd rib

ascendingcervicalartery,superficialcervicalartery

C6, C7, C8 Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to thesame side

levatorscapulae

Posteriortubercles oftransverseprocesses ofC1 - C4

Superior partof medialborder ofscapula

dorsalscapularartery

cervicalnerve (C3,C4) anddorsalscapularnerve (C5)

Elevates scapula and tilts itsglenoid cavity inferiorly byrotating scapula

rectuscapitislateralis

uppersurface ofthetransverseprocess ofthe atlas(C1)

undersurface ofthe jugularprocess ofthe occipitalbone

C1

obliquuscapitissuperior

lateral massof atlas

lateral halfof theinferiornuchal line

suboccipitalnerve

inferiorspinousprocess ofthe axis

lateral massof atlas suboccipital

nerve

Posterior

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

rectuscapitisposteriorminor

the tubercle onthe posteriorarch of the atlas(C1)

the medial part of theinferior nuchal line of theoccipital bone and thesurface between it and theforamen magnum

a branch of thedorsal primarydivision of thesuboccipitalnerve

extends the head atthe neck, but is nowconsidered to bemore of a sensoryorgan than a muscle

rectuscapitisposteriormajor

spinous processof the axis (C2)

inferior nucheal line of theoccipital bone

Dorsal ramusof C1(suboccipitalnerve)

semispinaliscapitis

articularprocesses ofC4-C6;transverseprocesses of C7and T1-T7

occipital bone betweenthe superior and inferiornuchal lines

greateroccipital nerve Extension of the head

longissimuscapitis

articularprocesses ofC4-C7;transverseprocesses ot T1-T5

posterior margin of themastoid process

lateralsacralartery

posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve

Laterally: Flex thehead and neck to thesame side.Bilaterally: Extendthe vertebral column.

spleniuscapitis

ligamentumnuchae, spinousprocesses ofC7-T6

Mastoid process C3, C4 Extend, rotate, andlaterally flex the head

Torso

Back

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

erector spinaeon the spines of thelast four thoracicvertebrae

both the spines ofthe most cranialthoracic vertebraeand the cervicalvertebrae

lateralsacralartery

posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve

extends thevertebralcolumn

rectusabdominismuscle

iliocostalis lateralsacralartery

longissimus transverse process transverse processlateralsacralartery

posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve

rectusabdominismuscle

spinalis spinous process spinous processlateralsacralartery

posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve

rectusabdominismuscle

latissimus dorsi

spinous processes ofthoracic T6-T12,thoracolumbar fascia,iliac crest and inferior3 or 4 ribs

floor ofintertuberculargroove of thehumerus

subscapularartery,dorsalscapularartery

thoracodorsalnerve

pulls theforelimbdorsally andcaudally

deltoid,trapezius

transversospinales transverse process spinous process posteriorbranches

semispinalisdorsi

transverse processes ofthe sixth to the tenththoracic vertebrae

spinous processesof the upper fourthoracic and lowertwo cervicalvertebrae

semispinaliscervicis

transverse processes ofthe upper five or sixthoracic vertebræ

cervical spinousprocesses, from theaxis to the fifth

semispinaliscapitis

transversal process oflower cervical andhigher thoracalcolumna

area betweensuperior andinferior nuchal line

greateroccipitalnerve

Extends thehead

multifidussacrum, erector spinaeaponeurosis, PSIS, andiliac crest

spinous process posteriorbranch ofspinal nerve

Stabilizesvertebrae inlocalmovementsof vertebralcolumn

rotatores transverse process spinous process posteriorbranch

interspinales spinous process spinous process posteriorrami ofspinal nerves

Extension,flexion androtation ofvertebralcolumn.

intertransversarii transverse process transverse processabove

anterior ramiof spinal

Lateralflexion of

nerves trunkSplenius muscles

capitisligamentum nuchae,spinous process of C7-T6

Mastoid process oftemporal andoccipital bone

C3, C4

Extend,rotate, andlaterally flexthe head

cervicis spinous processes ofT3-T6

transverse processesof C1, C2, C3 C5, C6

Chest

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

intercostales ribs 1-11 ribs 2-12 intercostal arteries intercostalnerves

external intercostal arteries intercostalnerves Inhalation internal

internal rib - inferior border rib - superiorborder intercostal arteries intercostal

nerveshold ribssteady external

innermost intercostal arteries intercostalnerves

subcostales inner surface of onerib

inner surface ofthe second orthird rib above,near its angle

intercostalnerves

transversusthoracis

costal cartilages oflast 3-4 ribs, body ofsternum, xiphoidprocess

ribs/costalcartilages 2-6 intercostal arteries intercostal

nervesdepressesribs

levatorescostarum

transverse processesof C7 to T12vertebrae

superior surfacesof the ribsimmediatelyinferior to theprecedingvertebrae

dorsal rami -C8, T1, T2,T3, T4, T5,T6, T7, T8,T9, T10, T11

Assists inelevationof thethoracic ribcage

Serratus posterior muscles

inferior vertebrae T11 - L3the inferiorborders of the 9ththrough 12th ribs

intercostal arteries intercostalnerves

depress thelower ribs,aiding inexpiration

superior

nuchal ligament (orligamentum nuchae)and the spinousprocesses of thevertebrae C7 throughT3

the upper bordersof the 2ndthrough 5th ribs

intercostal arteries2nd through5th intercostalnerves

elevate theribs whichaids ininspiration

diaphragm

pericardiacophrenicartery,musculophrenic

phrenic andlowerintercostal respiration

artery, inferiorphrenic arteries nerves

Abdomen

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

transversusabdominis

ribs and theiliac crest

inserts into thepubic tubercle viathe conjointtendon, also knownas the falxinguinalis

intercostal nerves T7, T8,T9, T10, T11, subcostalnerve (T12),iliohypogastric nerve,ilioinguinal nerve,genitofemoral nerve

compress the ribsand viscera,providingthoracic andpelvic stability

rectusabdominis pubis

costal cartilages ofribs 5-7, xiphoidprocess of sternum

inferiorepigastricartery

segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7,T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)

flexion oftrunk/lumbarvertebrae

erectorspinae

pyramidalis

pubicsymphysisand pubiccrest

linea alba subcostal nerve (T12) tensing the lineaalba

cremaster inguinalligament cremasteric

arterygenital branch ofgenitofemoral nerve

raise and lowerthe scrotum

quadratuslumborum

iliac crestandiliolumbarligament

last rib andtransverseprocesses oflumbar vertebrae

lumbararteries,iliolumbarartery

anterior branches of T12,L1, L2, L3, L4

Alone, lateralflexion ofvertebral column;Together,depression ofthoracic rib cage

Oblique muscles

external Lower 8costae

Crista iliaca,ligamentuminguinale

intercostal nerves T5, T6,T7, T8, T9, T10, T11,subcostal nerve (T12)

Rotates torso

internal

inguinalligament,iliac crestand thelumbodorsalfascia

linea alba, xyphoidprocess and theinferior ribs.

intercostal nerves T8, T9,T10, T11, subcostal nerve(T12), iliohypogastricnerve, ilioinguinal nerve

Compressesabdomen androtates vertebralcolumn.

Pelvis

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

coccygeus sacrospinous ligament sacral nerves: S4,S5 or S3-S4

closing in theback part ofthe outlet ofthe pelvis

Levator anilevator aninerve (S4)

iliococcygeus

ischial spine and from theposterior part of thetendinous arch of thepelvic fascia

coccyx andanococcygealraphe

inferiorrectal nervefrompudendalnerve (S3,S4)coccygealplexus

supports theviscera inpelvic cavity

pubococcygeusback of the pubis andfrom the anterior part ofthe obturator fascia

coccyx andsacrum

controls urineflow and contractsduring orgasm

puborectalis lower part of the pubicsymphysis S3, S4. levator ani

nerveinhibitdefecation

Perineum

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action AntagonistScphincter ani

externus

S4 and twigsfrom inferioranal nervesof pudendalnerve

keep the analcanal and anusclosed, aids in theexpulsion of thefeces

internus pudendalnerve

keep the analcanal and anusclosed, aids in theexpulsion of thefeces

Superficial perineal pouch

transversusperinei superficialis

anterior part of ischialtuberosity

centralpoint ofperineum

pudendalnerve

bulbospongiosus median raphé perinealartery

pudendalnerve

in males, emptiesthe urethra; infemales, clenchesthe vagina

ischiocavernosus perinealartery

pudendalnerve

assists thebulbospongiosusmuscle

Deep perineal pouch

transversusperinei profundus inferior rami of the ischium

its fellowof theoppositeside

pudendalnerve

sphincterurethraemembranaceae

junction of the inferior ramiof the pubis and ischium tothe extent of 1.25–2 cm., and

its fellowof theopposite

perinealbranch of thepudendalnerve (S2,

Constricts urethra,maintain urinarycontinence

from the neighboring fasciæ side S3, S4)

Upper limbs

Vertebral column

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

trapezius

down the midline, fromthe external occipitalprotuberance, the nuchalligament, the medial partof the superior nuchalline, and the spinousprocesses of the vertebraeC7-T12

at the shoulders,into the lateralthird of theclavicle, theacromion processand into thespine of thescapula

transversecervicalartery

major nervesupply is thecranial nerve XI.cervical nervesC3 and C4receiveinformationabout pain inthis muscle

retraction andelevation ofscapula.

Serratusanteriormuscle

latissimusdorsi

spinous processes ofthoracic T6-T12,thoracolumbar fascia,iliac crest and inferior 3or 4 ribs

floor ofintertuberculargroove of thehumerus

subscapularartery,dorsalscapularartery

thoracodorsalnerve

pulls theforelimbdorsally andcaudally

deltoid,trapezius

rhomboidsnuchal ligaments, spinousprocesses of C7-T5vertebrae

medial border ofthe scapula

dorsalscapularartery

dorsal scapularnerve (C4 andC5)

Retracts thescapula androtates it todepress theglenoid cavity.fixes thescapula to thethoracic wall.

Serratusanteriormuscle

rhomboidmajor

spinous processes of theT2 to T5 vertebrae

medial border ofthe scapula,inferior to theinsertion ofrhomboid minormuscle

dorsalscapularartery

dorsal scapularnerve (C4 andC5)

Retracts thescapula androtates it todepress theglenoid cavity.It also fixesthe scapula tothe thoracicwall.

Serratusanteriormuscle

rhomboidminor

nuchal ligaments andspinous processes of C7-to T1 vertebrae

medial border ofthe scapula,superior to theinsertion ofrhomboid majormuscle

dorsalscapularartery

dorsal scapularnerve (C4 andC5)

Retracts thescapula androtates it todepress theglenoid cavity.It also fixesthe scapula tothe thoracicwall.

Serratusanteriormuscle

posterior tubercles of superior part of dorsal cervical nerve

Elevatesscapula andtilts its glenoid

levatorscapulae transverse processes of

C1 - C4 vertebraemedial border ofscapula

scapularartery

(C3, C4) anddorsal scapularnerve (C5)

cavityinferiorly byrotatingscapula

Thoracic walls

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

pectoralismajor

anterior surface ofthe medial half ofthe clavicle.Sternocostalhead: anteriorsurface of thesternum, thesuperior six costalcartilages

intertuberculargroove of thehumerus

pectoral branchof thethoracoacromialtrunk

lateralpectoral nerveand medialpectoral nerveClavicularhead: C5 andC6Sternocostalhead: C7, C8and T1

Clavicular head:flexes the humerusSternocostal head:extends the humerusAs a whole, adductsand medially rotatesthe humerus. It alsodraws the scapulaanteriorly andinferiorly.

pectoralisminor

3rd to 5th ribs,near their costalcartilages

medial borderand superiorsurface of thecoracoid processof the scapula

Pectoral branchof thethoracoacromialtrunk

Medialpectoralnerves (C8,T1)

stabilizes the scapulaby drawing it inferiorlyand anteriorly againstthe thoracic wall

subclavius first ribsubclaviangroove ofclavicle

thoracoacromialartery,clavicularbranch

nerve tosubclavius Depresses the clavicle

serratusanterior

fleshy slips fromthe outer surfaceof upper 8 or 9ribs

costal aspect ofmedial marginof the scapula

lateral thoracicartery (upperpart),thoracodorsalartery (lowerpart)

long thoracicnerve (fromroots ofbrachialplexus C5,C6, C7)

protract and stabilizescapula, assists inupward rotation

Rhomboidmajor,Rhomboidminor,Trapezius

Shoulder

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

deltoid

clavicle,acromion,spine of thescapula

deltoidtuberosity ofhumerus

primarily posteriorcircumflexhumeral artery

Axillary nerve

shoulderabduction,flexion andextension

Latissimus dorsi

teres major

posterioraspect of theinferior angleof thescapula

medial lip oftheintertubercularsulcus of thehumerus

Subscapular andcircumflexscapular arteries

Lowersubscapularnerve(segmentallevels C5 andC6)

Internal rotationof the humerus

Rotator cuffinfraspinatus,

supraspinatussupraspinousfossa ofscapula

superior facetof greatertubercle ofhumerus

suprascapularartery

suprascapularnerve

abduction of armand stabilizeshumerus

teres minor,pectoralis major,and latissimusdorsi

infraspinatusinfraspinousfossa of thescapula

middle facetof greatertubercle of thehumerus

suprascapular andcircumflexscapular arteries

suprascapularnerve

Lateral rotationof arm &Adduction of armand stabilizeshumerus

subscapularis,pectoralis major,and latissimusdorsi

teres minorlateral borderof thescapula

inferior facetof greatertubercle of thehumerus

posteriorcircumflexhumeral artery andthe circumflexscapular artery

axillary nervelaterally rotatesand adducts thearm

subscapularis,pectoralis major,and latissimusdorsi

subscapularis subscapularfossa

lesser tubercleof humerus subscapular artery

uppersubscapularnerve, lowersubscapularnerve (C5, C6)

rotates mediallyhumerus;stabilizesshoulder

infraspinatus andteres minor

Arm

Anterior compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

coracobrachialis coracoid process ofscapula medial humerus brachial

arterymusculocutaneousnerve

flexes atshoulderjoint

biceps brachii

short head: coracoidprocess of the scapula.long head: supraglenoidtubercle

radial tuberosity brachialartery

Musculocutaneousnerve (Lateralcord: C5, C6, C7)

flexeselbow andsupinatesforearm

Tricepsbrachiimuscle

brachialisanterior surface of thehumerus, particularly thedistal half of this bone

coronoidprocess and thetuberosity of theulna

radialrecurrentartery

musculocutaneousnerve

flexion atelbow joint

Posterior compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

tricepsbrachii

longhead:Infraglenoidtubercle of thescapulalateral head:posterior humerus- above radialgrove

olecranon processof ulna

Profundabrachii

radialnerve

extends forearm, caput longumadducts shoulder

Bicepsbrachiimuscle

medial head:posteriorhumerus-underradial groove

anconeusLateralepicondyle of thehumerus

lateral surface ofthe olecranonprocess and thesuperior part of theposterior ulna

Profundabrachii,recurrentinterosseousartery

radialnerve(C7,C8,andT1)

partly blended in with thetriceps, which it assists inextension of the forearm.Stabilises the elbow and abductsthe ulna during pronation.

Forearm

Anterior compartment

Superficial

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

pronatorteres

humeral head: medialepicondyle of humerus(common flexor tendon)ulnar head: coronoidprocess of the ulna

radiuspronatortuberosity

ulnararteryandradialartery

mediannerve

pronation offorearm, flexeselbow

Supinator muscle

flexor carpiradialis

medial epicondyle ofhumerus (common flexortendon)

Bases ofsecond andthirdmetacarpalbones

ulnarartery

Mediannerve

Flexion andabduction atwrist

Extensor carpi radialisbrevis muscle, Extensorcarpi radialis longusmuscle

palmarislongus

medial epicondyle ofhumerus (common flexortendon)

palmaraponeurosis

ulnarartery

mediannerve wrist flexor

Extensor carpi radialisbrevis, Extensor carpiradialis longus,Extensor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpiulnaris

medial epicondyle of thehumerus (common flexortendon)

pisiform ulnarartery

muscularbranchesof ulnarnerve

flexion andadduction ofwrist

Extensor carpi ulnarismuscle

flexordigitorumsuperficialis

medial epicondyle of thehumerus (common flexortendon), as well as parts ofthe radius and ulna.

phalangesII-IV

ulnarartery

mediannerve

flexor of fingers(primarily atproximalinterphalangealjoints)

Extensor digitorummuscle

Deep

uscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

pronatorquadratus medial, anterior surface of the ulna

lateral,anteriorsurface ofthe radius

anteriorinterosseousartery

median nerve(anteriorinterosseousnerve)

pronates theforearm

Supinatormuscle

flexordigitorumprofundus

ulna distalphalanges

anteriorinterosseousartery

median(anteriorinterosseous),muscularbranches ofulnar

flex hand,interphalangealjoints

Extensordigitorummuscle

flexorpollicislongus

The middle 2/4 of the volar surfaceof the radius and the adjacentinterosseus membrane. (Alsooccasionally a small origin slightly onthe medial epicondyle of the ulna.)

The baseof thedistalphalanx ofthe thumb

Anteriorinterosseousartery

Anteriorinterosseousnerve (branchof mediannerve) (C8,T1)

Flexion of thethumb

Extensorpollicislongusmuscle,Extensorpollicisbrevismuscle

Posterior compartment

Superficial

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

extensordigitorum

lateralepicondyle(commonextensor tendon)

2nd-4th phalange

posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)

extensionof handandfingers

Flexordigitorumsuperficialismuscle,Flexordigitorumprofundusmuscle

extensor digitiminimi

the anteriorportion of thelateralepicondyle ofthe humerus(commonextensor tendon)

extensorexpansion, locatedat the base of theproximal phalanxof the finger onthe dorsal side

posterior interosseousartery which originatesfrom the commoninterosseous artery andmore proximally, theulnar artery

posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)

extendsthe littlefinger atall joints

Flexordigitiminimibrevis

extensor carpiulnaris

Commonextensor tendon(lateralepicondyle),ulna

5th metacarpal ulnar artery

posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)

extendsandadductsthe wrist

Flexor carpiulnaris

Mobile wad

brachioradialis

Lateralsupracondylarridge of thehumerus

Distal radius(Radial styloidprocess)

radial recurrent artery radial nerveFlexionofforearm

extensor carpiradialis longus

lateralsupracondylarridge

2nd metacarpal radial artery radial nerve

extensorat thewristjoint,abducts

Flexor carpiradialismuscle

the handat thewrist

extensor carpiradialis brevis

humerus at theanterior oflateralepicondyle(commonextensor tendon)

base of the 3rdmetacarpal radial artery

posteriorinterosseusnerve

extensorandabductorof thehand atthe wristjoint

Flexor carpiradialismuscle

Deep

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

supinator

Lateral epicondyle of thehumerus, supinator crest ofulna, radial collateralligament, annular ligament

Lateralproximalradialshaft

radialrecurrentartery

posteriorinterosseusnerve (C7,C8)

supinates forearm

Pronatorteres,Pronatorquadratus

extensorindicis ulna

indexfinger(extensorhood)

posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)

extends index finger,wrist

Anatomical snuff box

abductorpollicis longus ulna, radial styloid process first

metacarpal

posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)

abduction, extensionof thumb

Adductorpollicismuscle

extensorpollicis brevis radius

thumb,proximalphalanx

posteriorinterosseousartery

posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)

extension of thumb atmetacarpophalangealjoint

Flexorpollicislongusmuscle,Flexorpollicisbrevismuscle

extensorpollicis longus ulna

thumb,distalphalanx

posteriorinterosseousnerve (C7,C8)

extension of thethumb(metacarpophalangealand interphalangeal)

Flexorpollicislongusmuscle,Flexorpollicisbrevismuscle

Hand

Lateral volar

Thenar

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistopponenspollicis

trapezium and transversecarpal ligament

metacarpal bone of thethumb on its radial side median nerve Opposition of

the thumb

flexorpollicisbrevis

trapezoid, flexor retinaculum thumb, proximalphalanx

mediannerve, deepbranch ofulnar nerve(medial head)

Flexes thethumb

Extensorpollicislongusmuscle,Extensorpollicisbrevismuscle

abductorpollicisbrevis

Transverse carpal ligament,the scaphoid and trapezium

Radial base ofproximal phalanx ofthumb and the thumbextensors

Median nerve Abducts thethumb

Adductorpollicismuscle

adductorpollicis

Transverse head: anteriorbody of the third metacarpalOblique head: bases of thesecond and the thirdmetacarpals and the adjacenttrapezoid and capitate bones

medial side of the baseof the proximalphalanx of the thumband the ulnar sesamoid

deep branchof ulnarnerve (T1)

adducts thethumb at thecarpometacarpaljoint

Abductorpollicislongusmuscle,Abductorpollicisbrevismuscle

Medial volar

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

palmarisbrevis

flexorretinaculum(medial),palmaraponeurosis

palm superficialbranch ofulnar nerve

wrinkle skin of palm

Hypothenar

abductordigitiminimi

pisiform

base of the proximalphalanx of the 5thdigit on the ulnar ormedial side

ulnarartery

deepbranch ofulnar nerve

Abduction of little finger

flexordigitiminimibrevis

hamate bone little finger ulnarartery

deepbranch ofulnar nerve

flexes little finger

extensordigitiminimimuscle

opponensdigitiminimi

Hook ofhamate andflexorretinaculum

Medial border of 5thmetacarpal

ulnarartery

deepbranch ofulnar nerve(C8 andT1)

Draws 5th metacarpalanteriorly and rotates it,bringing little finger (5th digit)into opposition with thumb

Intermediate

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

lumbricalflexordigitorumprofundus

extensorexpansion

superficial palmar arch,common palmar digital arteries,deep palmar arch, dorsal digitalartery

deep branchof ulnarnerve, mediannerve

flexmetacarpophalangealjoints, extendinterphalangeal joints

dorsalinterossei metacarpals proximal

phalangesDorsal metacarpal artery andpalmar metacarpal artery

deep branchof ulnar nerve abduct finger

Palmarinterosseimuscles

palmarinterossei metacarpals proximal

phalange deep branchof ulnar nerve adduction

Lower limb

Iliac region

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

iliopsoas

iliac fossa (iliacus),sacrum (iliacus), spine(T12, L1, L2, L3, L4,L5) & intervertebraldiscs (psoas major,psoas minor)

femur—lesser trochanter(psoas major/minor), shaftbelow lesser trochanter(iliacus), tendon of psoasmajor & femur (iliacus)

medialfemoralcircumflexartery,iliolumbarartery

femoralnerve,Lumbarnerves L1,L2

flexion of hip(psoasmajor/minor,iliacus), spinerotation (psoasmajor/minor)

Gluteusmaximus,posteriorcompartmentof thigh

psoasmajor

transverse processes,bodies and discs of T12-L5

in the lesser trochanter ofthe femur

Iliolumbarartery

Lumbarplexus viaanteriorbranchesof L1, L2,L3

flexes androtates laterallythigh

Gluteusmaximus

psoasminor

Side of T12+L1 and IVDisc between

Pectineal line andiliopectineal eminence L1 Weak trunk

flexorGluteusmaximus

iliacus iliac fossa lesser trochanter of femur

medialfemoralcircumflexartery,Iliolumbarartery

femoralnerve (L2,L3)

flexes hip Gluteusmaximus

Gluteal

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

tensor fascialatae iliac crest iliotibial tract

primarilylateralcircumflexfemoralartery,Superiorgluteal artery

Superiorgluteal nerve(L4, L5)

Thigh - flexion, medialrotation. Trunkstabilization.

Gluteal musclesGluteal surface external rotation and

gluteusmaximusmuscle

of ilium,lumbar fascia,sacrum,sacrotuberousligament

Glutealtuberosity of thefemur, iliotibialtract

superior andinferiorglutealarteries

inferiorgluteal nerve(L5, S1, S2nerve roots)

extension of the hip joint,supports the extended kneethrough the iliotibial tract,chief antigravity muscle insitting

Iliacus,Psoasmajor,Psoasminor

gluteusmediusmuscle

Gluteal surfaceof ilium, undergluteusmaximus

Greatertrochanter ofthe femur

superiorgluteal artery

superiorgluteal nerve(L4, L5, S1nerve roots)

abduction of the hip;preventing adduction of thehip. Medial rotation ofthigh.

lateralrotatorgroup

minimusGluteal surfaceof ilium, undergluteus medius.

Greatertrochanter ofthe femur

superiorgluteal artery

superiorgluteal nerve(L4, L5, S1nerve roots)

Works in concert withgluteus medius: abductionof the hip; preventingadduction of the hip.Medial rotation of thigh.

lateralrotatorgroup

lateralrotatorgroup

at or below theacetabulum ofthe ilium

on or near thegreatertrochanter ofthe femur

Inferiorglutealartery,Lateral sacralartery,Superiorgluteal artery

Obturatornerve, nerveto thePiriformis,nerve toquadratusfemoris

lateral rotation of hip

Gluteusminimusmuscle,Gluteusmediusmuscle

piriformis sacrum greatertrochanter

Inferiorglutealartery,Lateral sacralartery,Superiorgluteal artery

nerve to thePiriformis(S1 and S2nerve roots)

laterally rotate (outward)the thigh

obturatorexternus

obturatorforamen andobturatorymembrane

medial aspect ofgreatertrochanter offemur

obturatorartery

posteriorbranch ofobturatornerve (L3,L4)

adduct thigh, rotatelaterally thigh

obturatorinternus

Ischiopubicramus &obturatormembrane

medial aspect ofthe Greatertrochanter

Nerve toobturatorinternus (L5,S1, S2)

Abducts & rotates laterallythigh, and stabiliser of thehip during walking

inferiorgemellus

Ischialtuberosity

Obturatorinternus tendon

Nerve toQuadratusfemoris (L4,L5, S1)

Rotates laterally thigh

superiorgemellus

spine of theischium

Obturatorinternus tendon Sacral plexus

(S1, S2, S3) Rotates laterally thigh

quadratusfemoris

ischialtuberosity

intertrochantericcrest

inferiorgluteal artery

nerve toquadratusfemoris (L4,L5, -S1)

lateral rotation of thigh

Thigh

anterior compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

articularisgenu femur suprapatellar

bursafemoralartery

femoralnerve

Pulling thesuprapatellar bursaduring extension ofthe knee.

sartorius superior to the anterior superioriliac spine

medial side ofthe upper tibia inthe pes anserinus

femoralartery

femoralnerve

flexion, lateralrotation andabduction of thigh;flexion and medialrotation of leg

quadricepsfemoris

combined rectus femoris andvastus muscles

Patella andTibial tuberosityvia the Patellarligament

femoralartery

Femoralnerve

Knee extension; Hipflexion (R.Fem.only)

Hamstring

rectusfemoris

anterior inferior iliac spine and theexterior surface of the bony ridgewhich forms the iliac portion ofthe acetabulum

Patella andTibial tuberosityvia the Patellarligament

femoralartery

femoralnerve

knee extension; hipflexion Hamstring

vastuslateralis

Greater trochanter,Intertrochanteric line, and Lineaaspera of the femur

patella and tibialtuberosity viathe patellarligament

femoralartery

femoralnerve

Extends andstabilizes knee hamstring

vastusintermedius antero/ lateral femur

patella and tibialtuberosity viathe patellarligament

femoralartery

femoralnerve extends knee Hamstring

vastusmedialis femur

patella and tibialtuberosity viathe patellarligament

femoralartery

femoralnerve extends knee hamstring

posterior compartment/hamstring

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

biceps femoris

long head:tuberosity ofthe ischium,short head:linea aspera,femur

the head of thefibula whicharticulates withthe back of thelateral tibialcondyle

inferiorglutealartery,perforatingarteries,poplitealartery

long head: medial(tibial) part ofsciatic nerve, shorthead: lateral(common fibular)part of sciatic nerve

flexes knee joint,laterally rotates legat knee (when kneeis flexed), extendship joint (long headonly)

Quadricepsmuscle

semitendinosus tuberosity ofthe ischium pes anserinus

inferiorglutealartery,perforatingarteries

sciatic (tibial, L5,S1, S2)

flexes knee,extends hip joint,medially rotates legat knee

Quadricepsmuscle

tuberosity of Medial surfaceprofundafemoris,

flexes knee,extends hip joint, Quadriceps

semimembranosus the ischium of tibia glutealartery

sciatic nerve medially rotates legat knee

muscle

medial compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistadductormuscles ofthe hip

pubis femur, tibia obturator nerve adduction of hip

gracilis inferior pubicramus

tibia (pesanserinus)

obturatorartery

anterior branch ofobturator nerve

adduction of hip,flexion of hip,medial rotation ofknee

pectineus superior pubicramus

lesser trochanter,linea aspera

Obturatorartery

femoral nerve,sometimes obturatornerve

flexion &adduction of hip

adductorbrevis

anterior surfaceof the inferiorpubic ramus

the lessertrochanter andlinea aspera ofthe femur

obturatorartery

anterior branch ofobturator nerve adduction of hip

adductorlongus

pubic body justbelow thepubic crest

middle third oflinea aspera

obturatorartery

anterior branch ofobturator nerve

adduction &medial rotation ofhip

adductormagnus

tuberosity ofthe ischium

femur andadductor tubercleof femur

obturatorartery

posterior branch ofobturator nerve(adductor) and tibial partof sciatic nerve

adduction of hip

Leg

anterior compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

tibialisanterior body of tibia

medialcuneiform andfirst metatarsalbones of thefoot

anteriortibialartery

DeepFibular(peroneal)nerve

dorsiflex and invert thefoot

Fibularis longus,Gastrocnemius,Soleus, Plantaris,Tibialis posterior

extensorhallucislongus

middle portion of thefibula on the anteriorsurface and theinterosseous membrane

dorsal side ofthe base of thedistal phalanxof the Hallux

anteriortibialartery

DeepFibular(peroneal)nerve

Extends the big toe andassists in dorsiflexion ofthe foot at the ankle.Also is a weak invertor

Flexor hallucislongus, Flexorhallucis brevis

extensordigitorumlongus

Lateral Condyle of tibiaand superior ¾ ofinterosseous membrane

Middle andDistal phalangesof lateral fourdigits

anteriortibialartery

DeepFibular(peroneal)nerve

extension of toes andankle

Flexor digitorumlongus, Flexordigitorum brevis

fibularis distal anterior surface dorsal surface anterior DeepFibular dorsi flexes and everts

tertius of the fibula of metatarsal 5 tibialartery (peroneal)

nervefoot

posterior compartment

Superficial

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

triceps surae achilles tendon,calcaneus

posteriortibialartery

tibial nerve plantarflexion

gastrocnemius femur(medial andlateral condyles) calcaneus sural

arteries

tibial nerve fromthe sciatic,specifically,nerve roots S1,S2

plantarflexion,flexion ofknee (minor)

Tibialisanteriormuscle

soleus fibula, medial borderof tibia (soleal line) tendo calcaneus sural

arteries

tibial nerve,specifically,nerve roots L5–S2

plantarflexiontibialisanteriormuscle

plantaris

lateral supracondylarridge of femur abovelateral head ofgastrocnemius

tendo calcaneus(medial side, deepto gastrocnemiustendon)

suralarteries tibial nerve

Plantar flexesfoot andflexes knee

Tibialisanteriormuscle

Deep

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

popliteus

middle facet of thelateral surface of thelateral femoralcondyle

posteriortibia underthe tibialcondyles

popliteal artery tibialnerve

Medial rotation andflexion of knee

tarsal tunnel

flexorhallucislongus

fibula, posterioraspect of upper 1/3

base ofdistalphalanx ofhallux

Peroneal artery(peroneal branch ofthe posterior tibialartery

tibialnerve,S1, S2nerveroots

flexes all joints ofthe Hallux, plantarflexion of the anklejoint

Extensor hallucislongus muscle

flexordigitorumlongus

medial tibia

distalphalanges oflateral fourdigits

posterior tibialartery

Tibialnerve

Primary action isFlex digits

Extensordigitorum longus,Extensordigitorum brevis

tibialisposterior tibia, fibula

navicular,medialcuneiform

posterior tibialartery

tibialnerve

inversion of thefoot, plantar flexionof the foot at theankle

Tibialis anteriormuscle

lateral compartment

fibularis muscles:

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

longus fibula first metatarsal, medialcuneiform

fibular(peroneal)artery

superficial fibular(peroneal) nerve

plantarflexion,eversion

Tibialis anteriormuscle

brevis fibula fifth metatarsalfibular(peroneal)artery

superficial fibular(peroneal) nerve

plantarflexion,eversion

Foot

Dorsal

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

extensordigitorum brevis calcaneus toes

deepperonealnerve

extends digits2, 3, and 4

Flexor digitorum longus,Flexor digitorum brevis

extensorhallucis brevis calcaneus base of proximal

phalanx of hallux deepperonealnerve

Extension ofhallux Flexor hallucis brevis muscle

Plantar

1st layer

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

abductorhallucis

medial process ofcalcaneus, flexorretinaculum, plantaraponeurosis

medial side of baseof proximal phalanxof first digit

medialplantarnerve

abductshallux

Adductor hallucismuscle

flexordigitorumbrevis

medial process ofcalcaneus, plantaraponeurosis, intermuscularsepta

middle phalanges ofdigits 2-5

medialplantarnerve

flexeslateral fourtoes

Extensor digitorumlongus, Extensordigitorum brevis

abductordigitiminimi

Plantar aponeurosis Fifth toe orPhalanges

lateralplantarartery

lateralplantarnerve (S1,S2)

flex andabduct thefifth toe

Flexor digiti minimibrevis muscle

2nd layer

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist

quadratusplantae Calcaneus Tendons of Flexor

Digitorum Longus lateral plantar nerve(S1, S2)

Assists FlexorDigitorumLongus inflexion of DIP

joints

lumbricalmuscle

tendonsof flexordigitorumlongus

medial aspect ofextensor expansionof proximalphalanges of lateralfour digits

lateral plantarartery and plantararch, and fourplantar metatarsalarteries

lateral plantar nerve(lateral threelumbricals) and medialplantar nerve (firstlumbrical)

maintainextension ofdigits atinterphalangealjoints

3rd layer

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistflexor hallucisbrevis medial plantar nerve flex hallux Extensor hallucis

longus muscleadductorhallucis Plantar nerve adducts hallux Abductor hallucis

muscle

flexor digitiminimi brevis

fifthmetatarsalbone

phalanx ofthe fifth toe lateral plantar nerve

(superficial branch)extend and adductthe fifth toe

Abductor digitiminimi muscle

4th layer

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonistdorsal interossei plantar nerve abduct toes Plantar interossei musclesplantar interossei metatarsals proximal phalanges plantar nerve adduct toes Dorsal interossei of the foot

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Original source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_muscles_of_the_human_body