List of Chinese Classifiers
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Transcript of List of Chinese Classifiers
List of Chinese classifiers
List of Chinese classifiers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following tables list the commonclassifiersandmeasure wordsfound in theChinese languages, as well as other units of measurement or currency having a similar function. For full details about these classes of words, see the articleChinese classifier.
In the tables, the first and second columns contain theChinese characterrepresenting the classifier, intraditionalandsimplifiedversions when they differ. The third column gives the pronunciation inStandard (Mandarin) Chinese, usingpinyin, and the fourth gives theCantonesepronunciation, usingYale romanization. The fifth column explains the classifier's principal uses (the types of noun with which it can be used); quotation marks surround its literal meaning.
Contents
[hide] 1Nominal classifiers 1.1Classifiers proper 1.2Measure words/massifiers 1.3Measurement units 2Verbal classifiers 3Notes 4External linksNominal classifiers[edit]Classifiers proper[edit]Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning and principal uses
bba2"handful" objects that can be held, relatively long and flat objects (knives , scissors , swords /, keys /; also chairs )
bnbun2"volume" bound print matter (books /, etc.)
bung6walls (Cantonese only)
bbou6novels /, movies /, TV dramas etc.; Cantonese only: machines, vehicles
//cchaak3volumes of books (is more common in Traditional Chinese,in Simplified)
cngchang4"storey", "layer" buildings /, etc.
chngcheung4public spectacles, games /, drama /, film /, etc.
ch"location", "site" ruins /, construction site
chcheut1acts in a play, "performance" plays /, circus /, etc.
cchi3"time" opportunities /, accidents
dodou6linear projections (light rays , etc.), orders given by an authority figure , courses (of food) /, walls and doors /, questions /, number of times (for certain procedures)
dngdeng2objects with protruding top (hats , etc.)
dngdung6lit. pillars, used for buildings
ddou6walls and encompassing fixtures /
dndeun6meals /
dudo2/deu2flowers , clouds /
ffa1Military projectiles, such asbullets/,artilleryshells /,rockets,guided missilesetc.
fnfan6portions, copies newspapers /, notarized document /, contract
fngfung1letters , mail, fax /
ffuk1works of art (paintings /, etc.)
ge (g)go3individual things, people general, catch-all measure word (usage of this classifier in conjunction with any noun is generally accepted if the person does not know the proper classifier)
gngan1thin, slender objects (needles /, pillars , etc.); strands /(e.g. hair /)
hopeople, workmen (); business deals ()[1]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-2" [2]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-3" [3]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-4" [4]
jiga1gathering of people (families , companies , etc.), establishments (shops , restaurants , hotels /)
jiga3aircraft /, pianos , machines /
jingaan1rooms , ; Cantonese only: stores, companies
jingin6matters (affairs ), clothing , etc.
jigaai3regularly scheduled sessions or meetings /, year-groups in a school (e.g. Class of 2006) /
junguen2"roll" scrolls - film /, toilet paper /
kpo1trees (/) and other such flora
kfo2small objects (hearts , pearls , teeth /, diamonds /, etc.) and also objects appearing to be small (distant stars and planets )
kuhau2people in villages , family members; wells ; blade
lileui6objects of the same type or category affair , circumstance /
llap1"grain", small objects such as a grain of rice
lingleung2wheeled vehicles: automobiles /, bicycles /, etc.
lilit6trains /
lnround competition /, discussions /
mimui4medals /, small flat things like stamps / or coins /, banana peels, bomb shells /, also for rings
mnmun4objects pertaining to academics (courses /, majors /, etc.), also forartillerypieces /.
minmin6"surface" flat and smooth objects (mirrors /, flags , etc.)
mngming4honorific, or persons with perceived higher social rank (doctors /, lawyers /, politicians, royalty, etc.); in formal language, can also be used for any type of person (not necessarily high-ranking, e.g. mother )
pnpun4flat objects (video cassettes /, etc.); literally means "dishes" and can be used for a plate of food
po, poclassifiers for liquids which need preparation (tea , urine )
ppat1horses / and other mounts; also rolls/bolts of cloth
pet6(Cantonese only) puddle of shapeless mass mud, feces, etc.
pinpin1written work: papers /, articles , novels etc.
pinpin3"slice" flat objects, cards, slices of bread /, etc.
qcase, instance (); batch, group ()[5]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-6" [6]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-7" [7]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-8" [8]
shnsin3doors /, windows /.
shusau2songs , poems /, music , etc.
shuwashings/rinsings ()[9]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-10" [10]
susau2ships
suso2for buildings whose purposes are explicitly stated, e.g. hospitals /. Otherwise can use ""
/titoi4heavy objects, esp. machines (TVs /, computers /, etc.); performances (theatre /, etc.)
tngtong4periods of classes / (e.g. "I have two classes today"), suites of furniture
tngtong3trips (usually repetitive), scheduled transportation services flights /
ttai4classifier for questions[citation needed]
tiotiu4long, narrow, flexible objects (fish /, dogs , trousers /, etc.), also for roads and rivers , pertaining to human lives, e.g. "" two (human) lives, "", lit. "one heart" (to work as one), classifiers for certain things like counter-measures, etc.
tutau4"head" domesticated animals (pigs /, cows , etc.), hair
wi"tail" fish / (ancient)
wiwai2polite classifier for people (attached to positions, not names) workers , director
xinghong6items, projects initiative /, ordinances , statements /
xinights, overnight stays ()[11]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-12" [12]
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers" \l "cite_note-13" [13]
yngyeung6general items of differing attributes
jam6(Cantonese only) odor
zsections of text notice , jokes /, news /, etc.
zhnjaan2light fixtures (usually lamps /), pot of tea etc.
zhngjeung1"sheet" flat objects (paper /, tables , etc.), faces /, bows, paintings /, tickets , constellations, blankets, bedsheets /; Cantonese only: chairs
zhjek3one of a pair (hands , legs); animals (birds , cats /, etc.)
zhji1fairly long, stick-like objects (pens /, chopsticks, roses, rifles /, etc.), fleets /
zhji1alternative form of ("stalk"): can be used for rifles / and flowers
zhngjung2types or kinds of objects (animals /)
zhtrees
zhincense
znstatues
zujo6large structures/buildings /, mountains
Measure words/massifiers[edit]Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning and principal uses
bnbaan1scheduled services (trains /, etc.), group of people , a class as in pupils /
bng"group", "gang" (bandits , children )
bobaau1"package", "bundle" (cookies /, cigarettes /)
bibui1"cup" liquids (water )
bi"generation", "lifetime" (people )
bbat1large quantities of money (money /, funds /)
chunsets of numbers; or something that comes in a string (e.g./: "a string of numbers";/: "pearl necklace";: "a bunch of grapes"), objects on a skewer/stick (kebabs, satays)
chungchong4"bed" blankets , sheets
didoi6"bag" sackfuls, pouchfuls, bagfuls, pocketfuls flour /
ddik6"droplet" water , blood /, other such fluids
dindim2ideas /, suggestions, can also mean "a bit" (often used to denote amount) courage /
dundyun6"adjoining length" cables /, roadways , a part in a drama, play etc. /
dudeui3"pile", "mass" trash , sand
dudeui3"couple" people , "pair" (for certain things only) earrings /, couplets; Cantonese only: pair of objects which naturally come in pairs (e.g. chopsticks , shoes , etc.)
ffuk6"dose" (Chinese) medicine
ffu3objects which come in pairs (gloves , etc.) also for spectacles/glasses /, a pack of cards , mahjong /
ggu2flows (of air /, smell , influence )....
gau6(Cantonese only) "piece of", "chunk of" rock, soap, ginger, charcoal, rice, etc.
gun"tube" toothpaste and things that comes in tubes toothpaste
gunSmall to medium cans of soda, of juice, bottles of water, cans of food...
hnghong4"row" objects which form lines (words /, etc.). is also read xng, see below.
hhap6"small box" e.g. tape, foods
/hwu6households (is common in handwritten Traditional Chinese) household
hpot tea
hufo2generally derogatory classifier for bands of people such as gangs or hoodlums ()
jdose (medicine /)
jijit3"section" of bamboo , etc.; a class period at school /; batteries (that look like a section of bamboo): ""
jgeui3lines, sentences, etc. sentence /, English /
kuifaai3"chunk", "lump", "piece" land , stones /, etc.; cake (piece/slice), bread (not slices) /, "dollar" /
lisometimes used informally instead of(ling ge), to mean "two" (especially two things or people that are close to one another)
l(strand/slither of) hair, smoke /, wind /
pipaai4"row" objects grouped in rows (chairs , etc.)
ppai1(a large amount of) people , goods , etc.
pngping4"bottle" drinks /
qkei4(issues of) periodicals /
qnkwan4"group" (incl. people ), "herd" students /, birds /
ssometimes used informally instead ofto mean "three", "three of"
shchuk1"bundle", for flowers , light, etc.
shungseung1pair of objects which naturally come in pairs (e.g. chopsticks , shoes , etc.)
totou3"set" books /, magazines, collectibles, clothes , etc.
tuntyun4"ball" rotund and wound objects (balls of yarn /, etc.)
tu"lump" mud , feces
wnwun2"bowl" soup /, rice /, congee
xi"some" general massifier. Only used in the form , or without a number (e.g. after demonstratives).
xnggroups of people traveling together, such as a trade commission or diplomats and aides visiting a foreign country: "" (having left Paris, the king and retinue were enthused). Note: almost only used in the form . is also read hng, see above.
znumber of revolutions, times to go around
zhja1In Cantonese usage, this is used in lieu of sh (), e.g. a bundle of flowers"jar", "jug" drinks such as beer, soda, juice, etc. (A recent loan-word from English, it may be considered informal or slang.)
zhnjan6"gust", "burst" events with short durations (e.g. lightning storms, gusts of wind /, etc.)
zha "pour" of water, tea (liquid); a "bet" lottery
zjou2sets, rows, series, group of people , batteries / (military)
Measurement units[edit]See alsoChinese units of measurementandChinese SI prefixes.
Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning
Time
miomiu5"second"
fnfan1"minute"
khak1 haak1"quarter","15 minutes" (mainly in some dialects, such asShanghainese, and translations)
tintin1"day"
ryat6"day"
ninnin4"year"
zijoi2 joi3"year" (ancient)
Weight/mass
khak1 haak1"gram"
ling50 grams(1/10jn), used to be 1/16jn
/jilngallon
jngan1"catty", "pound",1/2 kilograms
gngjngung1 gan1"metricjn", kilogram
qinkchin1 hak1/haak1"kilogram"
dndeun1"ton"
Length/distance
gngfngung1 fan1"metricfn",centimetre
lmlei4 mai5"centimetre" (More common in Mainland China and Hong Kong)
cnchyun3Chinese "inch" ( of a decimetre)
cnchyun3British inch
chche2/chek3Chinese "foot" ( of a metre)
chchek3British foot
yngchying1 chek3British foot
gngchgung1 chek3"metricch", metre
mmai5"metre"
llei5"l", (500 metres)
lle1/lei5/li1British mile
ynglying1 lei5British mile
gnglgung1 lei5"kilometre" (1000 metres)
tinwndnwitin1 man4 daan1 wai2"astronomical unit"
gungningwong1 nin4"light year"
miochjmiu5 cha1 geui6"parsec"
Money
//yunyun4"yun", "" (main unit of currency)(either form can be used in Traditional Chinese text)
kuifaai3"block", yun (a slang term, like "quid" or "buck")
wnman1"dollar" (slang in HK Cantonese)
jiogok3"jio", "dime", "tenpence"
mohou4"mo", "dime", "tenpence" (slang)
fnfan1/fan6"fn", "cent", "penny"
Verbal classifiers[edit]SeeChinese classifier Verbal classifiers.
Trad.Simp.Mandarin(pinyin)Cantonese(Yale)Meaning and uses
binbin3 pin3the number of times an action has been completed
chngcheung4a length of an event taking place within another event
cchi3times (unlike,refers to the number of times regardless of whether or not it was completed)
dndeun6actions without repetition
huwui4occurrences (usedcolloquially)
shngseng1/sing1cries, shouts, etc.
tngtong3trips, visitations, etc.
xiha5/ha6brief and often sudden actions (much more common inCantonesethan in North dialects).