LIST OF CASES Page (s) -...

15
xv LIST OF CASES Page (s) A Common Cause’s Registered Society v Union of India, (1996) 4 SCC 33. 236 A et. al v Secretary of State for the Home Department, X et. al v Secretary of State for the Home Department, (2005) 2 AC 68. 213 A v UK, No.25599/94, Rep. 1996-VI, Judgment of 23 September 1998. 101 A(FC) and Others (FC) (Appellants) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) (2004), A and Others (Appellants) (FC) and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department (respondent) (Conjoined Appeals), House of Lords (United Kingdom), 2005 UK HL 71, 8 December 2005. 214 A.K. Gopalan v State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 27. 132 A.K. Roy v Union of India, AIR1982 SC 1325. 230 Adjei v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), F.C.A. (1989) 2 C. 680. 222 Agiza v Sweden, CAT Communication No. 233/2003, 20 May 2005. 85, 86, 87 Ahani v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2002 S.C.C. 2. 221 Ajaib Singh v State of U.P. , AIR 2000 SC 3421. 290 Ajay Kumar Roy v Union of India, 2003 CriLJ 3999(A.P.). 162 Akkoc v Turkey, Nos. 22947/93 and 22948/93, ECHR 2000-X, Judgment of 10 October 2000. 103 Aksoy v Turkey, ECHR (Ser. A) 1997. 99 Al-Adsani v UK , Application No. 35763/67. 214

Transcript of LIST OF CASES Page (s) -...

xv

LIST OF CASES

Page (s)

A Common Cause’s Registered Society v Union of India,

(1996) 4 SCC 33.

236

A et. al v Secretary of State for the Home Department, X et. al v

Secretary of State for the Home Department,

(2005) 2 AC 68.

213

A v UK,

No.25599/94, Rep. 1996-VI, Judgment of 23 September 1998.

101

A(FC) and Others (FC) (Appellants) v Secretary of State for the

Home Department (Respondent) (2004), A and Others (Appellants)

(FC) and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department

(respondent) (Conjoined Appeals), House of Lords (United

Kingdom),

2005 UK HL 71, 8 December 2005.

214

A.K. Gopalan v State of Madras,

AIR 1950 SC 27.

132

A.K. Roy v Union of India,

AIR1982 SC 1325.

230

Adjei v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),

F.C.A. (1989) 2 C. 680.

222

Agiza v Sweden,

CAT Communication No. 233/2003, 20 May 2005.

85, 86, 87

Ahani v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),

2002 S.C.C. 2.

221

Ajaib Singh v State of U.P. ,

AIR 2000 SC 3421.

290

Ajay Kumar Roy v Union of India,

2003 CriLJ 3999(A.P.).

162

Akkoc v Turkey,

Nos. 22947/93 and 22948/93, ECHR 2000-X, Judgment of 10

October 2000.

103

Aksoy v Turkey,

ECHR (Ser. A) 1997.

99

Al-Adsani v UK ,

Application No. 35763/67.

214

xvi

Amolak Ram v Emperor,

AIR 1932 Lah 13.

282

Apparel Export Promotion Council v A.K. Chopra ,

(1999) 1 SCC 759.

136

Arar v Syrian Arab Republic,

(2005) O.J. No. 752.

223

Arvind Singh Bagga v State of U.P ,

(1994) 6 SCC 565.

156, 288

Assanidze v Georgia,

No. 71503/01, ECHR 2004-II, Judgment of 8 April 2004.

103

Assenov and Others v Bulgaria,

No. 24760/90, Rep. 1998-VIII Judgment of 28 October 1998.

102

Avinash Madhukar v State of Maharasthra,

1983 CriLJ 1833 (Bom).

137

Aydin v Turkey,

(1997) 25 EHRR 251.

207

Bachchay Lal v State of U.P.,

Cr. W Petition No.2357 of 1977 decided in August, 2004.

226

Bank of Bengal v East India Company,

Bingell’s Report 87-181(1831).

266, 268, 270

Barakat v Tunisia,

CAT Communication No. 60/1996, 10 November 1999.

84

Basant Singh v State of Punjab ,

2008 Cri LJ 4455 (P&H).

293

Bati and Others v Turkey,

ECHR Nos. 33097/96 and 57834/00, 3 June 2004.

94

Bhagwan Singh v State of Punjab,

(1992) 3 SCC 249.

159

Bharwada Bhoginbhai v State of Gujrat ,

AIR 1983 SC 753.

155

Bhim Singh v State of J&K,

AIR 1988 SC 494.

283

Blanco Abad v Spain,

CAT Communication No. 59/1996, 14 May 1998.

81

Bouzari v Iran,

(2002) O.J. No.1624.

223

Byrne v Ireland,

972 IR 241.

281

xvii

C. Ram Kanda Reddy v State ,

AIR 1989 AP 235.

285

Campbell and Cosans v UK ,

Nos 7511/76 and 7743/76, ECHR No.48, Judgment of 25 February

1982,

100, 101

Chahal v UK,

(1996) 23 EHRR 413.

104, 208

Chairman, Railway Board v Chandrime Das,

(1993) 2 SCC 746.

136

Charanjit Kaur v Union of India,

(1994)2 SCC 1.

288

Chavez v Martinez,

538 U.S. 760, 773 (2003).

185

Christian Community Welfare Council of India and Others v State of

Maharashtra and Others,

1995 CriLJ 4223(Bombay).

157, 237, 242

Christie v Leachinsky,

All ER 567.

131

Colden v Bull,

1978(3) Dallas 386.

119

Collection of Malaber v Erimal Ebrahim Hajee,

AIR 1957 SC 688.

26

Court on Its Own Motion v Union of India and Others,

(2012)8 Supreme 646.

235

D.K. Basu v State of West Bengal ,

AIR 1997 SC 610.

56, 128, 138, 142,

233, 260, 280,

290, 293

Daliberti v Republic of Iraq ,

46 F.Supp. 2d 19, 22 (D.D.C. 2001).

192

Dastagir v State of Madras,

AIR 1960 SC 759.

122

Delhi Judicial Service Asson,Tis Hazari Court v State of Gujarat ,

AIR 1991 SC 2176.

232

Dhananjay Sharma v State of Haryana ,

(1995)3 SCC 565.

289

Dhirendra Kumar Singh and Others v State of A.P. and Others,

1999 CriLJ 4421 (AP).

163

Dilawar Hussain v State,

1991 SCC (Cri) 163.

228

xviii

Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran Case,

ICJ Reports, 42(1980).

70

Director of Enforcement v Deepak Mahajan ,

AIR 1994 SC 1775.

138

Dr Upinder Baxi and Others v State of U.P.,

AIR1987 SC 191.

237

Dr. Mehmood Nayyar Azam v State Of Chattisgarh And Others,

(2012) 8 SCR 651.

128,160, 234, 239,

295

Dzemojl and Others v Yugoslavia,

CAT Communication No. 161/2000, 21 November 2002.

80

East African Asians v UK,

No. 4403/70, Commission Report of 14 December 1973.

101

Etti v The Secretary of State,

AIR 1939 Mad 663.

271

Filartiga v Pena-Irala,

630 F.2d 876 (2d Cir. 1980).

192

Filartiya v Pena-Irala,

630 F .2D 876 (2D Cir.1980).

71

Francis Corali Mullin v Union Territory of Delhi,

AIR 1981 SC 746.

127

Ganapathy Gounder v Emperor,

AIR1932Mad.214.

168

Gauri Shanker Sharma v State of U.P.,

AIR 1990 SC 709.

227, 285, 292

Godikanti v Public Prosecutor, High Court of A.P.,

AIR 1978 SC 429.

236

Gokul Chandra Jena v Director General of Police and Others 1992

(2) Crimes 108.

287

Gurbaksh Singh v State of Punjab,

1980 Cri LJ 1125 (SC).

22

Gurdev Singh v State of Punjab and Another,

CWP No.1495 of 1996 decided on 25 August 2004.

294

Hamden v Rumsfeld,

548 U.S. 633, 126 S.Ct. 2749 (2006) No. 05-184.

195

Hans Mullar of Nuremberg v Superintendent Presidency Jail, Cal

and Others,

AIR 1955 SC 367.

166

xix

Hardeep Singh v State of Madhya Pradesh ,

(2012) 1 SCC 748.

239, 295

Haricharan and Another v State of Madhya Pardesh and Others,

(2011)3 SCR 769.

128, 233

Harkrishan v State of Maharashtra,

AIR 1962 SC 911.

132

Hilao v Estate of Marcos,

103 F.3d 789, 790-91 (9th Cir.1996).

191

Hussainara Khatoon (I) v Home Secretary, Bihar

(1980) 1 SCC 81.

135, 226

Hussainara Khatoon (IV) v State of Bihar,

AIR 1983 SC 1360.

155

In re Madhu Limaya,

AIR 1969 SC 1014.

132

Inder Singh v State of Punjab,

AIR 1995 SC 312.

290

Inder Singh v State (Delhi Adm.),

AIR 1978 SC 1091.

126

Inderjeet v State of Uttar Pradesh,

AIR 1975 SC 1867.

126

Indu Jain v State of M.P. and Others,

AIR 2009 SC 976.

234

Ireland v UK,

(1979-80) 2 EHRR 25.

100, 103, 199, 206

Jalim Singh v State of Rajasthan,

2005 (2) WLC 829.

174

Jalloh v Germany,

No. 54810/00, Judgment of 11 July 2006.

102

Jasbir Singh v Lt. Governor of Delhi,

(1999)4 SCC 228.

132

Jaundoo v Attorney General of Guyana ,

1971 AC 972.

136

Joginder Kumar v State of U.P.,

1994 SCC 260.

141,144, 230, 252

Jolly George Varghese v Bank of Cochin ,

AIR 1980 SC 470.

126

K. Krishna Murthy v State of A.P.,

AIR 1961 AP 283.

271

xx

Kadic v Karadzic ,

70 F.3d 232 (2d. Cir. 1995).

192

Kadra Pahadia v State of Bihar,

AIR 1982 SC 1167.

135

Kashmira Singh v State of Punjab ,

AIR 1977 SC 2147. /5/36

236

Kasturilal v State of U.P. ,

AIR 1965 SC 1039.

270

Kasturilal v State of U.P. ,

AIR 1965 SC 1039.

286

Kazemi (Estate of) v Islamic Republic of Iran,

2011 QCCS 196.

223

Kedarnath v State of West Bengal,

(1954) SCR 30.

121

Keshvananda Bharti v State of Kerala,

AIR 1973 SC 1461.

264

Khan v Canada,

CAT Communication No. 15/1994.

87

Kharak Singh v State of U.P,

AIR 1963 SC 1295.

128

Khatri (IV) v State of Bihar,

AIR 1981 SC 1068.

135, 225, 238, 268

Kishanchand v Secretary of State,

(1881) ILR 2 All 829.

268

Kishore Chand v State of Himachal Pradesh,

1991 SCC (Cri) 172.

228

Kishore Singh v State of Rajasthan,

AIR 1981 SC 625.

127

Kishore Singh v State of Rajasthan,

AIR 1981 SC 625.

231

Km. Hema Mishra v State of U.P. and Others, Criminal Appeal No.

146 of 2014, Decided on 16 January 2014.

230

Koli Raja Rupa v State of Saurashtra,

1949, 2 Sau, L.R. 121.

282

Krishnappa v State of Tamilnadu,

1993 (3) Crimes 64.

287

xxi

Lakshmi v Sub-Inspector of Police, Nagamalai Pudukotti Police

Station, Madurai,

1991 CriLJ 2269 (Madras).

241,287

Le Roy v Supdt. of District Jail Amritsar,

AIR 1958 SC 119.

122

Linton v Jamaica,

HRC Communication No. 255/1987, 22 October 1992.

80

Lizardo Cobrera v Dominicom Republic,

Report No. 35/96, 17 September 1998.

107

Maharaja v Attorney General for Trinidad and Tobago,

(1978) 2 All ER 670.

275, 281

Maneka Gandhi v Union of India,

AIR 1978 SC 597.

126

Meach Mohomed,

(1866) PR No.86 of 1866.

149

Mehboob Batcha and Others v State Rep. by Superintendent of

Police,

(2011)3 SCR 1091.

158, 237

Mehinovic v Vuckovic,

198 F.Supp. 2d 1322(N.D. Ga.2002).

192

Mehmet Emin Yuksel v Turkey,

ECHR No. 40154/98, 20 July 2004.

95

Mirande v Arizana,

384 U.S. 536 (1966).

185

Mohan Lal Sharma v State of Uttar Pradesh,

(1989) 2 SCC 314.

128

Mohari Lal v Corporation of Calcutta,

AIR 1953 Cal 561.

121

Mohammed Ajmal Mohammad Amir Kasab v State of Maharashtra,

AIR 2012 SC 3565.

132, 235

Mohd. Hussain @ Julfikar Ali v State (Govt. of N.C.T.) Delhi, 2013

(80) ACC 910 (SC).

135, 229

Moti Ram v State of M.P.,

AIR 1978 SC 1594.

235

Mst Bhagwan v State,

AIR 1955 Pepsu 33.

135

Munn v Illinois,

95 (US) 113 (1877).

129

xxii

Munna v State,

(1982)1 SCC 545.

237

Munshi Singh Gautam v State of M.P.,

AIR 2005 SC 402.

149,160, 292

Nachattar Singh Alias Khanda and Others v State of Punjab ,

Criminal Appeal No. 332-DB of 1998 decided on 23 September

2009.

294

Nagandra Rao and Co. v State of A.P.,

AIR 1994 SC 2663.

273

Nain Kaur v State of J&K,

(1996) 3 SCC 72.

255

Nandini Sathpathy v P.L.Dani and Another,

AIR 1978 SC 1025.

66, 123, 235

Nilabati Behera v State of Orissa ,

1994 (1) RCR 18.

159, 238, 287, 293

Nobin Chander Dey v Secretary of State,

(1873) ILR Cal 1.

268, 270

Osman v UK,

(1999)1 FLR 198.

214

P. Gangadharan Pillai v State of Kerala,

AIR 1996 Ker 71.

274

Paramjit Kaur v State of Punjab and Others,

(1996)7 SCC 20.

255, 258

Parm Hansa v State of Orissa,

1964 (1) CriLJ 680 (Orissa).

138

Peninsular and Orientation Steam Navigation Co. v Secretary of

State,

(1861)5 Bom. H.C.R. App.A.

267, 270, 271

People’s Union for Civil Liberties v Union of India and Another,

AIR 1997 SC 1203.

136, 245, 289

People’s Union for Democratic Rights v Police Commission of

Delhi,

(1989) 4 SCC 730.

286

Peoples Union for Human Rights (represented by Ramesh Kumar

Jain and Ors. v Union of India and Ors.,

AIR 1992 Gau 23.

164

Perez v Mexico,

IACHR No.53/01, Annual Report 2000.

97

xxiii

PP Unnikrishnan and Another v Puttiyottil Alikulty and Another,

2000(8) SCC (3).

168

Prabhakar v. Sinar v Shankar Anant Verlekari,

AIR 1969 SC 681.

168

Prakash Singh and Others v Union Of India and Others,

(2006)8 SCC1.

56, 256

Pram Shanker Shukla v Delhi Administration,

AIR 1980 SC 1535.

127, 146

Prem Lal v U.P. Government,

AIR 1962 All 233.

272

Price v Socialistic People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

294 F.3d 82, 93 (D.C. Cir.2002).

193

Price v UK,

No.33394/96, ECHR 2001-VII, Judgment of 10 July 2001.

101

Prosecution v Akayesu,

Case No. ICTR-96-4, Trial Chamber I, Judgment of 2 September

1998.

114

Prosecution v Kronjelac,

Case No. IT-97-25, Trial Chamber II, Judgment of 15 March 2002.

114

Prosecutor v Delalic and Others,

Case No. IT-96-21, Trial Chamber II, Judgment of 16 November

1988.

115

Prosecutor v Furundzila,

Case No. IT-95-17/1-T10 (Unreported).

204

Prosecutor v Kunaroc, Kovac and Vukovic,

Case Nos. IT-96-23 and IT-96-23/1, Trial Chamber II, Judgment of

22 February 2001.

114

Prosecutor v Kupreskic,

Case No. IT-95-15, Trial Chamber II, Judgment of 14 January 2000.

116

Pulian Krishna v Pashupati,

1953 CriLJ 294 (Cal).

122

R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate,

Exparte Pinochet Ugarte (1998) 3 WLR 1456.

203

R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate,

Exparte Pinochet Ugarte (1999) 2 WLR 827. /4/92

204, 206, 209, 213

R v Muller’s,

(1970)2 QB 54.

206

xxiv

R v R.J.S.,

(1995)1 SCR 451.

222

R. Gandhi v Union of India,

AIR 1989 Mad. 205.

278

R.D. Upadhya v State of A.P.,

(2001)1 SCC 439.

291

Raghubir Singh v State of Haryana,

AIR 1980 SC 1087.

127, 231, 284, 292

Raj Bahadur v Legal Remanabrancer,

AIR 1953 Cal.522.

137

Rajvir v State,

2005 CriLJ 1652(Del).

174

Rama Krishna v State of Bihar,

AIR 1963 SC 1669.

120

Rasul v Rumsfeld,

414 F.Supp.2d 26(D.D.C .2006).

192

Rattan Lal v State of Punjab,

AIR 1965 SC 444.

121

Re Nagendra Nath Chakaravarti v Unknown,

ILR 51 Cal.402.

55

Requel Martide Mejia v Peru,

IACHR No. 197, Judgment of 1996.

107

Rev. Mons. Sebastion Franncisco Xavier Dos Remedies Monteiro v

State of Goa,

AIR 1970 SC 329.

165

Ristic v Yugoslavia,

CAT communication No. 113/1998, 11 May 2001.

81

Rochin v California,

342 U.S. 165, 172 (1952).

184

Rodriquez v Uruguay,

HRC Communication No. 322/1998, 19 July 1994.

85

Roitman Rosenmann v Spain,

CAT Communication No.176/2000, 30 April 2002.

83

Roshan Beevi and Others v Joint Secretary to Govt. of Tamil Nadu,

1984 (15) ELT 289 Mad.

22

Rudal Shah v State of Bihar,

AIR 1983 SC 1086.

238, 284

xxv

Rup Ram v The Punjab State,

AIR 1961 Punj 336.

271

Saadi v Italy,

Application No. 37201/06, Judgment 28 February 2008.

211

Saheli v Commissioner of Police,

(1990)1 SCC 422.

232, 283, 286

Sajjan Singh v State of Punjab,

AIR 1964 SC 464.

121

Sakshi Sharma and Others v State of Himachal Pradesh and Others,

Criminal Writ Petition No. 3684 of 2009-H decided on 18June 2012.

239, 295

Samen v State of Orissa,

2009 CriLJ 418 (Ori).

174

Sebastian M. Hongary v Union of India,

AIR 1984 SC 571.

284

Secretary of State for the Home Department v Kacaj,

Immigration Appeal Tribunal, Appeal No. CC-23044-2000, 19 July

2001.

222

Secretary of State v Hari Bhanji,

(1882) ILR Mad. 273.

268, 270

Shahadat Khan,

AIR 1965 Tripura 27.

138

Shakila Abdul Gafar v Vasant Raghunath Dhobla,

AIR 2003 SC 4567.

160, 241

Sham Lal v Ajit Singh,

1981 CriLJ NOC 150 (P&H).

138

Sharif Bhai v Abdul Razak,

AIR 1961 Bom 42.

135

Sheela Barse v State of Maharashtra,

1983 SCC 96.

128, 154, 236

Sheela Barse v Union of India and Others ,

AIR1986 SC 1773.

237

Shiv Bahadur v State of West Bengal,

AIR 1953 SC 394.

120

Shiva Bajan v Secretary of State,

ILR 28 Bom 314 (1904).

268, 270

Shivappa v State ,

AIR 1995 SC 980.

228

xxvi

Shobharam v State of M.P ,

AIR 1966 SC 1910.

132

Shyam Babu v State of U.P.,

(2012) 6 ALJ 10.

135, 229

Siddharth Salingappa Mhetra v State of Maharashtra and Others,

(2011) 1 SCC 694.

236

Simpson v Attorney General,

1994 NZLR 667.

282

Simpson v Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

F. 3rd

230, 234 (D.C. Cir. 2003).

193

Sinaltrainal v Coca Cola Co,

256 F.Supp.2d 1345 (S.D. Fla.2003).

191

Sinnappu v M.C.I ,

(1997)2 F.C. 791.

222

Sita Ram v State of Uttar Pradesh,

AIR 1978 SC 745.

128

Smith v R.,

(1987)1 S.C.R. 1045.

219

Smt Selvi and Ors. v State of Karnataka,

(2010)7 SCC 263.

123, 182, 233

Soering v United Kingdom,

11 EHRR 439.

210

Soni Devrajbhai Basubai v State of Gujarat,

AIR 1991 SC 2173.

121

Sosa v Alvarez-Machain,

542 U.S. 692 (2004).

192

Spano v New York,

360 U.S. 315, 320 (1959).

185

State of Andhra Pradesh v P.V. Pavithran,

AIR 1990 SC 1266.

229

State of Bombay v Kothi Kalu Oghed,

AIR 1961 SC 1808.

125

State of Gujarat v Memon Mohd,

AIR 1967 SC 1885.

272

State of Gujarat v Swami Amar Jyoti Shyam,

1989 CriLJ 501 (Guj.).

55

State of M.P. v Saheb Dattamal and Others,

AIR 1967 MP 246.

272

xxvii

State of M.P. v Sheetal Sahai,

(2009) 8 SCC 617.

178

State of M.P. v Chirojilal,

AIR 1981 MP 65.

273

State of Maharashtra v Chanderprakash Kewal Chand Jain ,

AIR 1990 SC 658.

155

State of Maharashtra v Christian Community Welfare Council of

India and Others,

(2003)8 SCC 456.

157, 242, 291

State v Mohd. Hussain,

1959 CriLJ 1419 (Bom).

138

Stein v New York,

346 U.S. 156, 182 (1953).

185

Sube Singh v State of Haryana,

AIR 2006 SC 1117.

293

Sunder Ram Iyer v State of A.P,

(1959) SCR 1422.

120

Sunil Batra (II) v Delhi Administration,

AIR 1980 SC 1579.

127

Sunil Batra(1) v Delhi Admninistration,

AIR 1978 SC 1575.

231

Sunjay Suri v Delhi Adminstration,

AIR 1988 SC 414.

237

Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee v State of Bihar,

(1990)3 SCC 482.

283

Suresh v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),

2002 S.C.C. 1.

219, 221, 222

Susheelamma v State of Karnataka,

1991 CriLJ 2436 (Karnataka).

287

Tadic Case,

Case No.IT-94-1-T7/5/97, 2 October 1995, 35 ILM(1996) 32. 108

208

Tej Singh v State ,

2009(2) RCR (Criminal)427 (DELHI).

294

Thabet v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), (1998)4

F.C.21(F.C.A.).

221

The Greek Case Nos. 3321/67, 3322/67and 3324/67, Year Book of

European Convention on Human Rights, 186(1969).

100, 207

xxviii

Tibi v Ecuador,

IACHR No.114, Judgment of 7 September 2004.

107

Tilak Raj v State of Delhi,

Cri.A. No. 178-2009,

174

Tuka Ram and Anr. v State Of Maharashtra,

AIR 1979 SC 185.

152, 225

Tyrer v UK,

No.5856/72, ECHR No. 26, Judgment of 25 April 1978.

101

Union Carbide Corporation v Union of India,

AIR 1992 SC 248.

287

United States v Chanthadara,

230 f.3d 1237, 1262 (10th Cir. 2000).

190

United States v Sampson,

335 f.Supp. 2d 166, 206-07 (D. Mass 2004).

190

Urra Guridi v Spain,

CAT Communication No. 212/2002, 17 May 2005

82, 85

Vargas Areco v Paragney,

IACHR, No.155, Judgement of 26 November 2006.

108

Veena Sethi v State of Bihar,

AIR 1983 SC 339.

155

Venkateraman v Union of India,

(1954) SCR 1150.

122

Vimal Kishore v State of U.P.,

AIR 1956 All 56.

131

Vishaka v State of Rajasthan ,

(1997) 6 SCC 241.

136

Vishwanath S/o Sitaram Agrawal v Sau. Sarla Vishwanath Agrawal,

(2012) 6 SCALE 190.

233

Vuolanne v Finland,

HRC Communication No. 265/1987, 7 April 1989.

74

X v Switzerland,

CAT Communication No.38/1995.

221

Xuncax v Gramajo,

162, 174, 178 (D.Mass, 1995).

191

Youssef v Home Office,

(2004) EWHC 1884.

211

Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe,

HPR, Communication No. 245/2002, 39th Session, 11-15 May 2006.

112

xxix