List of All Chemicals Common name(s) - USDA

List of All Chemicals

P Allium cepa (Liliaceae)

Chemical PartAll

LowPPM

HighPPM

StdDev Reference

1(F)-BETA-FRUCTOSYL-SUCROSE Bulb -- -- Bacon, J. S. D. 1959. Trisaccharide Fraction of Some Monocotyledons. Biochem.J., 73: 507-514.

1-(METHYLSULFINYL)-PROPYL-METHYL-DISULFIDE

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (1)

Antiaggregant #NAME?

1-(PROPYL-DITHIO)-PROPANE EssentialOil

-- -- Albrand, M., Dubois, P., Etievant, P., Gelin, R., Tokarska, B. 1980. Identificationof a New Volatile Compound in Onion (Allium cepa) and Leek (Allium porum):3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydrothiophene. J. Agric. Food Chem., 28(5): 1037-1038.

1-METHYLDITHIO-PROPANE EssentialOil


1-METHYLTRITHIO-PROPANE EssentialOil


1-O-CAFFEOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE Leaf -- -- *

1-O-FERULOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE Leaf -- -- *

1-O-P-COUMAROYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE

Leaf -- -- *

1-PROPYLTRITHIO-PROPANE EssentialOil


2,3-DIMETHYL-(DL)-BUTANE-CIS-1-CIS-DITHIAL-S,S'-DIOXIDE

Bulb -- -- Block, R., Bayer, T. 1990. (z,z)-d-1,2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanedithial-s,s'-dioxide: ANovel Bilogically Active Organosulfur Compound from Onion. J. Amer. Chem.Soc., 112(11): 4584-4585.

2,3-DIMETHYL-5,6-DITHIA-BICYCLO(2,2,1)HEXANE-5-OXIDE

Bulb -- -- *

2,3-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb -- -- Kimura, K., Nishimura, H., Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani, J. 1984. FlavorComponents of Roasted Onion. I. Changes in Flavor Components of Onion byRoasting. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi, 37(4): 343-347.

2,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb -- -- Kimura, K., Nishimura, H., Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani, J. 1984. FlavorComponents of Roasted Onion. I. Changes in Flavor Components of Onion byRoasting. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi, 37(4): 343-347.

2,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE EssentialOil


2,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb -- -- *

Common name(s)Onion; Shallot

How usedFood

Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. BocaRaton, FL. CRC Press.*

*

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Downloaded Thu Oct 21 02:21:23 EDT 2021National Agricultural Library



2-METHYL-BUT-2-EN-1-AL EssentialOil


2-METHYL-BUT-2-EN-1-AL Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.

2-METHYL-BUTYR-2-ALDEHYDE Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1964. Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Cornell Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. No., 385: 31 pp.

2-METHYL-PENT-2-EN-1-AL EssentialOil


2-PROPENYL-L-CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE

Bulb -- -- Thomas, D. J., Parkin, K. L. 1994. Quantification of Alk(en)yl-L-CysteineSulfoxides and Related Amino Acids in Alliums by High-Performance LiquidChromatography. J. Agr. Food Chem., 42(8): 1632-1638.

24-METHYLENE-CYCLOARTANOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

Activities (5)

AntiinflammatoryAntinociceptiveAntirheumatic 2-5 mg/manCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Hypocholesterolemic

24-METHYLENE-CYCLOARTENOL Bulb -- -- *

28-ISOFUCOSTEROL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

3,4-DIMETHYL-2,5-DIOXO-2,5-DIHYDROTHIOPHENE

EssentialOil


3,4-DIMETHYL-2,5-DIOXO-2,5-DIHYDROTHIOPHENE

Bulb -- -- *



3,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE Bulb -- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs,and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.

31-NORCYCLOARTENOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

31-NORLANOSTENOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

4-ALPHA-METHYL-ZYMOSTENOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

4-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Root -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

4-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

4-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

5-DEHYDRO-AVENASTEROL Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.

5-HEXYL-CYCLOPENTA-1,3-DIONE

Bulb -- -- *


Activities (2)

AntisepticPesticide

5-METHYL-2-N-HEXYL-2,3-DIHYDROFURAN-3-ONE

Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

5-OCTYL-CYCLOPENTA-1,3-DIONE

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (2)

AntisepticPesticide

6(G)-BETA-FRUCTOSYL-SUCROSE Bulb -- -- Bacon, J. S. D. 1959. Trisaccharide Fraction of Some Monocotyledons. Biochem.J., 73: 507-514.

9,10,13-TRIHYDROXY-OCTADEC-11-ENOIC-ACID

Bulb -- -- *

9,12,13-TRIHYDROXY-OCTADEC-10-ENOIC-ACID

Bulb -- -- *

9,1O,13-TRIHYDROXY-OCTADEC-11-ENOIC-ACID

Bulb -- -- *

ABSCISIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Karmelyuk, L. V., Fel'dman, A. L., Gusar, Z. D., Markh, A. T., Korableva, N. P.1982. Determination of Abscisic Acid in Common Onion Tissues. Fiziol BiokhimKul't Rast, 14: 295-298.

ABSCISSIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *

Activities (3)

JuvabionalPesticidePhytohormonal

ACE-AMP-1 Seed -- -- Tassin, S., et. al. 1998. Solution Structure of Ace-Amp1, a Potent AntimicrobialProtein Extracted from Onion Seeds. Structural Analogies with Plant NonspecificLipid Transfer Proteins. Biochemistry, 37(11): 3623-3637.

ACETAL Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.

ACETIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1964. Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Cornell Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. No., 385: 31 pp.

Activities (16)

Acidulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antibacterial 5,000 ppmAntiotitic Martindale's 28thAntisalmonellaAntivaginitic 1-2%Expectorant Martindale's 28thFungicide Martindale's 29thKeratitigenicMucolytic Martindale's 29thOsteolyticPerfumery FEMA 6,000-40,000ppm

Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

PesticideProtisticide Martindale's 29thSpermicide Martindale's 28thUlcerogenic HerbalGram No. 20, page 9.Verrucolytic

ADENOSINE Bulb -- -- *


Activities (28)

AnalgesicAntiaggregantAntiarrhythmic Merck 11th EditionAntidiuretic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antiendotoxic 500 mg/kgipr mus

Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O.Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.

Antihypertensive LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

AntiinsomniacAntilipolyticAntispasmodicAntitachycardic 50-250ug/kg/ivn

Martindale's 29th

AnxiolyticArteriodilatorGlucogonogenic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Hypocholesterolemic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.HypoglycemicHypotensive LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.ImmunomodulatorInsulinicLaxativeLipolytic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Myorelaxant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.PAF-Inhibitor IC50=90nM

PAF-Inhibitor 0.024ug/mlPyrogenic 0.09 mg/kgivn hmn

Conradson, T. B. G., Dixon, C. M. S., Clarke, B., Barnes, P. J. 1987. Cardiovascular Effects of Infused Adenosine in Man: Potentiation byDipyridamole. Acta Physiol Scand, 129(3): 387-391.

Respirastimulant Martindale's 29thSecretomotorSedative Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Vasodilator

ALANINE Bulb 330.0 8597.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (3)

Antioxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Oxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.

ALLICIN Bulb -- -- *

Activities (67)

Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor500 uM

LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

AllergenicAmebicide 30 ug/mlAnthelmintic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antiaggregant 0.1-1 uMAntiatherosclerotic 0.05-0.1mg/kg orl hmn


Antibacterial 500 ug/ml Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.

Antibacterial MIC=27 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

AntibioticAnticholinesterase 500 uM LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.AntifluAntiglaucomic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.AntiherpeticAntihypertensive Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.


AntiinflammatoryAntileukemic 31+ uMAntileukotrieneAntilymphomicAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antineuralgic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antioxidant 1.8 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.AntiplateletAntiproliferantAntiprostaglandin IC67=50 uMAntiradicular 1.8 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.AntisarcomicAntisepticAntishigellicAntistaphylococcic MIC=27ug/ml


Antitriglyceride 0.05-0.1 mg/kgorl hmn


Antitubercular MIC=1.67 mg/mlAntitumor Lewis and Elvin-Lewis, Medical Botany, ca 1977Antiviral LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Apoptotic 31+ uMCalcium-Antagonist IC50=56 uMgpgCandidicide MIC 7 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Cyclooxygenase-InhibitorFungicideGram(+)icide 8-12 ppm LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Gram(-)icide 8-12 ppm LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Hepatotoxic 100 mg/kg/day(=500 cloves a day)


Hypocholesterolemic IC37-72=162 ug/ml

Atherogenesis 94:79-85. 1992.

Hypocholesterolemic 0.05-0.1mg/kg orl hmn


Hypocholesterolemic IC50=9 uMHypoglycemic 0.1 mg/kgHypolipidemic ID50=10 uMImmunostimulant LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.InsecticideInsulin-Sparing 100 mg/kg/man Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).LarvicideLipolytic 4-6 mg/day LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor ED=25ug/mlMucokineticMycobactericide MIC=1.67mg/mlNO-Inhibitor IC50=2.5-5 uMNematicide LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Papain-Inhibitor 500 uM LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.PesticidePhagocytotic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Prooxidant LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Prostaglandin-Synthetase-InhibitorSuccinate-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor 500 uM


Trichomonicide Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

Urease-Inhibitor 500 uM LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Vibriocide Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 500uM



ALLIIN EssentialOil

-- -- Bekdairova, K. Z., Klyshev, L. K. 1982. Garlic Essential Oil and its QuantitativeAnalysis. Izv Akad Nauk Kaz Ssr Ser Biol, 1: 6-11.

Activities (21)

Antiaggregant IC100=60 ug/mlAntibacterialAntibioticAntidiabetic 200 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Antihepatotoxic 0.5 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Antineuralgic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

AntioxidantAntiplateletAntiradicular Abstract (See species file)Antisarcomic 1-3 mg ims rat LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antithrombotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antitumor LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.HepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Immunostimulant LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Lipolytic 200 mg/kg orl rat LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Lipolytic 7-11 mg/day LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related


species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Squalene-Monooxygenase-InhibitorIC50=120 uM/l

ALLIIN Bulb -- -- *

Activities (21)

Antiaggregant IC100=60 ug/mlAntibacterialAntibioticAntidiabetic 200 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antihepatotoxic 0.5 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antineuralgic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.AntioxidantAntiplateletAntiradicular Abstract (See species file)Antisarcomic 1-3 mg ims rat LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antithrombotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antitumor LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.HepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Immunostimulant LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Lipolytic 200 mg/kg orl rat LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Lipolytic 7-11 mg/day LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related


species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Squalene-Monooxygenase-InhibitorIC50=120 uM/l

ALLIIN-GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-PEPTIDE

Bulb -- -- Ueda, Y., Taubuku, T., Miyajima, R. 1994. Composition of Sulfur-ContainingComponents in Onion and Their Flavor Characters. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem.,58(1): 108-110.


ALLIOFUROSIDE-A Pericarp -- 220.0 *

ALLIOSPIROSIDE-A Pericarp -- 4600.0 *

ALLIOSPIROSIDE-B Fruit -- 500.0 Kravets, S.D., Vollerner, Y.S., Gorovits, M.B., Shashkov, A.S., Abubakirov, N.K.1987. Steroid of the Spirostand and Furostan Series from Plants of the GenusAllium. II. The Structure of Alliospiroside B from Allium cepa. Chem. Nat. Comp.,22(5): 553-556.

ALLIOSPIROSIDE-C Fruit -- 491.0 Kravets, S. D., et. al. 1988. Steroids of the Spirostan and Furostan Series ofPlants of the Allium Genus. XXIII. Structure of Cepagenin and of Alliospirosides Cand D from Allium cepa. Chem. Nat. Comp., 23(6): 700-706.

ALLIOSPIROSIDE-D Fruit -- 71.0 Kravets, S. D., et. al. 1988. Steroids of the Spirostan and Furostan Series ofPlants of the Allium Genus. XXIII. Structure of Cepagenin and of Alliospirosides Cand D from Allium cepa. Chem. Nat. Comp., 23(6): 700-706.

ALLIUM-CEPA-POLYSACCHARIDE Bulb -- -- Schnabl, H. 1977. Isolation and Identification of Soluble Polysaccharides inEpidermal Tissue of Allium cepa. Planta, 135: 307-.

ALLOSIDE-B Bulb -- -- Aizikov, M. I., Kravets, S. D., Prokhorova, I. R., Kurmukov, A. G. 1995. Structureand Hypolipidemic Activity of Alloside B Isolated from Onion. Khim Farm ZH,29(8): 34-35.

ALLYL-METHYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

Activities (2)

Anticancer (Stomach)Antitumor (Stomach)

ALLYL-PROPENYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs,and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.

ALLYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- *

Activities (3)

HypoglycemicInsulin-Sparing 125 mg/kg/man Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Occuloirritant

ALLYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE EssentialOil

-- -- Wilcox, B. F., Joseph, P. K., Augusti, K. T. 1984. Effects of Allylpropyl DisulphideIsolated from Allium cepa Linn. on High-Fat Fed Rats. Indian J. Biochem.Biophys., 21(3): 214-216.

Activities (3)

HypoglycemicInsulin-Sparing 125 mg/kg/man Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Occuloirritant

ALLYLMETHYLSULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

Activities (2)

Acantholytic My Rodale Press Green Farmacy Draft, miscellaneous abstracts.Pemphigenic My Rodale Press Green Farmacy Draft, miscellaneous abstracts.

ALLYLPROPYL-SULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

ALLYLTHIOL-SULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

ALPHA-AMYRIN Bulb -- -- Smocziewiczowa, A., Nitschke, D. 1978. Study of Saponins and Sapogenins inOnions. Zesz Nauk Akad Ekon Poznaniu Ser, 1(73): 40-43.

Activities (10)

AnalgesicAntiedemic IC43=40 mg/kg ipr ratAntiinflammatory IC71=1,000 ppm orlAntinociceptiveAntitumorAntiulcerCytotoxic 50-400GastroprotectiveHepatoprotectiveInsectifuge


ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Ustunes, L., Claeys, M., Laekeman, G., Herman, A.G., Vlietinck, A.J., Ozer, A.1985. Isolation and Identification of Two Isomeric Trihydroxy OctadecenoicAcids with Prostaglandin E-Like Activity from Onion Bulbs(Allium cepa).Prostaglandins, 29(5):847-865

Activities (15)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntiaggregant Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.AntihypertensiveAntiinflammatory IC50=42 uMAntileukotriene-D4 IC50=42 uMAntimenorrhagic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antimetastatic Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.Antiprostatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Hypotensive Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.Immunostimulant 0.12 ml/man/day Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.Lymphocytogenic 0.5 ug/ml Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.PropecicProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor39.5 g/day/hmn

Ferretti, A., Flanagan, V. P. 1996. Antithromboxane Activity of Dietary Alpha-linolenic Acid: A Pilot Study. Prostaglandins LeukotrienesEssential Fatty Acids, 54(6): 451-455. ARS, USDA.

Vasodilator

ALPHA-SITOSTEROL Bulb -- -- Smocziewiczowa, A., Nitschke, D. 1978. Study of Saponins and Sapogenins inOnions. Zesz Nauk Akad Ekon Poznaniu Ser, 1(73): 40-43.

ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL Bulb 0.4 30.0 1.0 *

Activities (32)

AntialzheimeranAntianginalAntiarthriticAntiasthmaticAntiatherosclerotic Soumyanath, A. Ed. 2006. Traditional Medicines for Modern Times - Antidiabetic Plants. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, FL. 314

pp.AnticancerAnticataractAnticonvulsant SynergenAntidementiaAntidiabetic Soumyanath, A. Ed. 2006. Traditional Medicines for Modern Times - Antidiabetic Plants. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, FL. 314

pp.Antiinfarctal Soumyanath, A. Ed. 2006. Traditional Medicines for Modern Times - Antidiabetic Plants. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, FL. 314

pp.AntiinfertilityAntiischemicAntimaculiticAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntineuropathicAntioxidant 5 x quercetinAntioxidant IC34=10 uMAntiparkinsonianAntiradicular 5 xquercetinAntiretinoticAntirheumaticAntistrokeAntitumorAntitumor (Bladder)Antitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach)Antitumor-PromoterCancer-PreventiveCardioprotectiveCirculotonicImmunomodulator

ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL Seed Oil -- -- Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-Dinic, L., Lajsic, S., Stefanovic, D. 1985. ChemicalAnalysis of Seed Oil of the Onion (Allium cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25: 167-169(Inst Ishr Vet Fak Belgrade, Yugoslavia)


Activities (32)

AntialzheimeranAntianginalAntiarthriticAntiasthmaticAntiatherosclerotic Soumyanath, A. Ed. 2006. Traditional Medicines for Modern Times - Antidiabetic Plants. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, FL. 314

pp.AnticancerAnticataractAnticonvulsant SynergenAntidementiaAntidiabetic Soumyanath, A. Ed. 2006. Traditional Medicines for Modern Times - Antidiabetic Plants. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, FL. 314

pp.Antiinfarctal Soumyanath, A. Ed. 2006. Traditional Medicines for Modern Times - Antidiabetic Plants. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, FL. 314

pp.AntiinfertilityAntiischemicAntimaculiticAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntineuropathicAntioxidant 5 x quercetinAntioxidant IC34=10 uMAntiparkinsonianAntiradicular 5 xquercetinAntiretinoticAntirheumaticAntistrokeAntitumorAntitumor (Bladder)Antitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach)

Antitumor-PromoterCancer-PreventiveCardioprotectiveCirculotonicImmunomodulator

ALUMINUM Bulb 0.3 385.0 1.0 *

Activities (5)

Antisilicotic Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.Antivaginitic Martindale's 28thCandidicide Martindale's 28thEncephalopathic Martindale's 29thPesticide

ANTHOCYANINS Bulb -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.


Activities (30)

AntiapoptoticAntiarthritic 120 mg/man orlAnticancer 120 mg/man orlAnticarcinogenicAnticollegenaseAntidiabeticAntielastaseAntihyperglycemicAntihyperinsulinemicAntihyperleptinemicAntiinflammatoryAntimutagenicAntimyopic 600 mg/man orlAntinyctalopic 600 mg/man orlAntiobesityAntioxidantAntiproliferantAntitumor 120 mg/man orlAntivaricoseAntiviralCOX-1-Inhibitor IC45=125 ug/mlCOX-2-Inhibitor IC47=125 ug/mlChemopreventiveGoitrogenicHemostatNO-ScavengerPesticideVasoactiveVasodilatorVasoprotective

ARABINOSE Bulb -- -- Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical Examination of Allium cepa. I. Glycosidic and SugarFractions. Indian J. Appl. Chem., 22: 89-91.

ARACHIDIC-ACID Seed Oil -- -- Reddy, P. N., Azeemoddin, G., Rao, S. D. T. 1989. Processing and Analysis ofOnionseed (Allium cepa) and its Fixed Oil. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 66(3): 365.

ARACHIDIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

ARGININE Bulb 1580.0 17222.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (14)

Antidiabetic? Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntihepatitic Martindale's 29thAntihypertensiveAntiimpotenceAntiinfertility 4g/day

Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.

Antioxidant?Aphrodisiac 3 g/dayDiureticHypoammonemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.NO-GenicPituitary-StimulantSpermigenic 4g/day


Vasodilator

ARSENIC Bulb 0.002 0.076 *

Activities (2)

Anorexic Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.Pesticide

ASCORBIC-ACID Leaf 390.0 5000.0 0.02 *


Activities (112)

Acidulant FEMA 6,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Analgesic 5-10 g/dayAngiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiAGE 2,000 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiCFS 500-1,000 mgAntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiCrohn's 50-100mg/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

AntiLyme 500-2,000 mgAntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/dayAntiaggregant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiaging 400 mg/dayAntiallergicAntialzheimeran 2,000-6,000mg/dayAntiarthritic 0.2-1 g/dayAntiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticataract 350 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Anticataract 1 g 3x/dayAnticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/dayAnticlimacteric 500-5,000mg/dayAnticold 1-2 g/man/dayAntidecubitic 500mg/man/2x/day

Martindale's 28th

AntidementiaAntidepressant 2,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Aluminum) Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antidote (Cadmium) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Paraquat) Martindale's 28thAntieczemic 3.5-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiedemic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiencephalitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiendometriotic 2,000mg/dayAntifatigue 500-1,000 mgAntifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mgAntigallstone 1,000-3,000mg/dayAntigastriticAntigingiviticAntiglaucomic 2 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 1,000 mgAntihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatotoxic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiherpetic 1-5 g/dayAntihistaminic 2 g/day orlmanAntihypertensiveAntiinfertility 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinflammatory Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/dayAntimaculiticAntimeasles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 500-5,000mg/dayAntimigraine Martindale's 29thAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.


AntineuramidaseAntinitrosic 1 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiobesity 1 g 3x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiorchitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/dayAntioxidant 100 ppmAntiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/dayAntiparotitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipneumonic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antipodriac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipoliomyelitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipyretic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiradicular Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiretinotic

AntirheumaticAntirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiseptic MIC=3.3-217mg/ml

Martindale's 28th

Antiseptic 4-8 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antishingles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antispasmodic 500-5,000mg/dayAntistress 500-1,000 mgAntisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antitumor (Gastric)Antitumor (Lung)AntiulcerAntiviral 1-5 g/dayApoptotic 1-10 mMAsthma-preventive 1,000mg/day/orl

Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

Beta-Adrenergic ReceptorBlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor1.5 g/day/manCalcium-AntagonistCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCold-preventive 1-2 g/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.CollagenicDetoxicantDiuretic 700 mg/man/orlFistula-Preventive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day

Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

Hypoglycemic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Hypotensive 1,000mg/man/dayImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Interferonogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Lithogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day Martindale's 28thPesticideUricosuric 4 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Urinary-Acidulant Martindale's 29thVasodilatorVulnerary Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

ASCORBIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *

Activities (112)

Acidulant FEMA 6,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95


Analgesic 5-10 g/dayAngiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiAGE 2,000 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiCFS 500-1,000 mgAntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/day

AntiCrohn's 50-100mg/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

AntiLyme 500-2,000 mgAntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/dayAntiaggregant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiaging 400 mg/dayAntiallergicAntialzheimeran 2,000-6,000mg/dayAntiarthritic 0.2-1 g/dayAntiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticataract 350 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Anticataract 1 g 3x/dayAnticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/dayAnticlimacteric 500-5,000mg/dayAnticold 1-2 g/man/dayAntidecubitic 500mg/man/2x/day

Martindale's 28th

AntidementiaAntidepressant 2,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Aluminum) Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antidote (Cadmium) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Paraquat) Martindale's 28thAntieczemic 3.5-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiedemic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiencephalitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiendometriotic 2,000mg/dayAntifatigue 500-1,000 mgAntifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mgAntigallstone 1,000-3,000mg/dayAntigastriticAntigingiviticAntiglaucomic 2 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 1,000 mgAntihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatotoxic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiherpetic 1-5 g/dayAntihistaminic 2 g/day orlmanAntihypertensiveAntiinfertility 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinflammatory Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/dayAntimaculiticAntimeasles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 500-5,000mg/day

Antimigraine Martindale's 29thAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntineuramidaseAntinitrosic 1 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiobesity 1 g 3x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.


Antiorchitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/dayAntioxidant 100 ppmAntiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/dayAntiparotitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipneumonic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antipodriac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipoliomyelitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipyretic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiradicular Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiretinoticAntirheumaticAntirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiseptic MIC=3.3-217mg/ml

Martindale's 28th

Antiseptic 4-8 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antishingles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antispasmodic 500-5,000mg/dayAntistress 500-1,000 mgAntisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antitumor (Gastric)Antitumor (Lung)AntiulcerAntiviral 1-5 g/dayApoptotic 1-10 mMAsthma-preventive 1,000mg/day/orl


Beta-Adrenergic ReceptorBlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor1.5 g/day/manCalcium-AntagonistCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCold-preventive 1-2 g/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.CollagenicDetoxicantDiuretic 700 mg/man/orlFistula-Preventive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day

Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

Hypoglycemic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Hypotensive 1,000mg/man/dayImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Interferonogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Lithogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day Martindale's 28thPesticideUricosuric 4 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Urinary-Acidulant Martindale's 29thVasodilatorVulnerary Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

ASH Leaf 7000.0 90000.0 -0.51 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

ASH Bulb 4000.0 63000.0 -1.0 *

ASPARAGINE Bulb -- -- *


Activities (2)

Antisickling Ekeke, G.I. and Shode, F.O. 1988. Phenylalanine is the Predominant Antisickling Agent in Cajanus cajan Seed Extract. Planta Medica 56(1): 41, 1990.Diuretic HerbalGram No. 17.

ASPARTIC-ACID Bulb 640.0 6967.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (3)

Antimorphinic Martindale's 28thNeuroexcitant Martindale's 28thRoborant Merck 11th Edition

BARIUM Bulb 4.0 28.0 *

BENZYL-ISOTHIOCYANATE Bulb -- -- Dorsch, W., Adam, O., Weber, J., Ziegeltrum, T. 1985. Antiasthmatic Effects ofOnion Extracts - Detection of Benzyl- and Other Isothiocyanates (Mustard Oils)as Antiasthmatic Compounds of Plant Origin. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 107(1): 17-24.

Activities (20)

Albuminurigenic Commission E. Blumenthal,M.,Hall,T. and Rister,R.S. eds.1997.The ABC's German Commission E Monographs - Therapeutic Monographs on MedicinalPlants for Human Use by Commission E - A Special Expert Committee of the German Federal Health Agency.ABC.Austin TX

AllergenicAnthelminticAntiasthmaticAntibacterialAntibioticAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antineoplastic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.AntinitrosaminicAntitumorAntiviralFlatulentFungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.HerbicideIC100=0.4 mM

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances inBotany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

InsecticideIrritant Commission E. Blumenthal,M.,Hall,T. and Rister,R.S. eds.1997.The ABC's German Commission E Monographs - Therapeutic Monographs on Medicinal

Plants for Human Use by Commission E - A Special Expert Committee of the German Federal Health Agency.ABC.Austin TXLaxative 90 mgcowNematicide 0.3-6 mMPesticideViristat Commission E. Blumenthal,M.,Hall,T. and Rister,R.S. eds.1997.The ABC's German Commission E Monographs - Therapeutic Monographs on Medicinal

Plants for Human Use by Commission E - A Special Expert Committee of the German Federal Health Agency.ABC.Austin TX

BETA-CAROTENE Leaf 12.0 158.0 -0.45 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses


Activities (53)

AllergenicAndrogenic? Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiPMSAntiacne Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiagingAntiarthriticAntiasthmatic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticarcinomic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AnticervicaldysplasicAnticoronary 50 mg/man/2 daysAntihyperkeratoticAntiichythyotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntileukoplakicAntilipoperoxidant IC71=50ug/mlAntilupus 150 mg/man/day/2mos

Martindale's 28th

AntimaculiticAntimastitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antioxidant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiozenicAntipapillomicAntiphotophobic 30-300mg/man/day

Martindale's 29th

Antipityriasic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiporphyric 30-300mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

Antiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiradicular Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntirheumaticAntistress Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antitumor Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990.Antitumor (Breast) IC45=60ug/mlAntitumor (CNS) IC43=45 ug/mlAntitumor (Colon) IC43=45 ug/mlAntitumor (Lung) IC30=60 ug/mlAntitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45ug/mlAntiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiulcer 15,000-25,000 IU/dayAntixerophthalmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/mlCOX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/mlCancer-Preventive 22 ppm Jim Duke's personal files.ChemopreventiveColorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.GastroprotectiveImmunostimulant 180mg/man/day/orl


Interferon-SynergistMucogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Phagocytotic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Prooxidant 20 ug/gThymoprotective Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &


BETA-CAROTENE Flower -- 28.0 -0.19 *


Activities (53)


Martindale's 28th


Martindale's 29th


Martindale's 28th






BETA-CAROTENE Bulb -- 52.0 1.0 *


Activities (53)


Martindale's 28th


Martindale's 29th


Martindale's 28th






BETA-SITOSTEROL Bulb 120.0 510.0 -1.0 *


Activities (47)

AndrogenicAngiogenicAnorexic Martindale's 28thAntiadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits

and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Anticancer (Cervix)Anticancer (Lung)Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orlAntiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemicAntilymphomicAntimutagenic 250 ug/mlAntiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant IC44=10 uMAntiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12wksAntiprostatadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3x/day/orl manAntipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits

and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Antitumor (Cervix)Antitumor (Lung)Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua.

Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ApoptoticArtemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum

fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Caspase-8-InducerEstrogenicFebrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.HepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic 2-6g/man/day/orl

Martindale's 30th

Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330mg/man/day/orl

Martindale's 28th

Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/dayPesticideSpermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat

BETA-SITOSTEROL Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.


Activities (47)




and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Antitumor (Cervix)Antitumor (Lung)Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua.

Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.

ApoptoticArtemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum

fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Caspase-8-InducerEstrogenicFebrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.HepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic 2-6g/man/day/orl

Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL Seed Oil -- -- Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-Dinic, L., Lajsic, S., Stefanovic, D. 1985. ChemicalAnalysis of Seed Oil of the Onion (Allium cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25: 167-169(Inst Ishr Vet Fak Belgrade, Yugoslavia)


Activities (47)




and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Antitumor (Cervix)

Antitumor (Lung)Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua.

Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ApoptoticArtemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum

fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Caspase-8-InducerEstrogenicFebrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.HepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic 2-6g/man/day/orl

Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-TOCOPHEROL Seed Oil -- -- Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-Dinic, L., Lajsic, S., Stefanovic, D. 1985. ChemicalAnalysis of Seed Oil of the Onion (Allium cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25: 167-169(Inst Ishr Vet Fak Belgrade, Yugoslavia)

BETA-TOCOPHEROL Seed -- -- *

BORON Bulb 1.0 45.0 1.0 *


Activities (4)

Androgenic 3 mg/man/dayAntiosteoarthritic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic 3 mg/man/dayEstrogenic 3 mg/man/day

BRASSICASTEROL Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.

BROMINE Bulb 1.0 15.0 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980

CADMIUM Bulb 0.005 0.38 *

Activities (3)

Hypertensive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Lithogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Nephrotoxic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

CAFFEIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *

Activities (102)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml(weak activity)

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine,and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

AllergenicAnalgesicAntiHIV EC50=200 ug/mlAntiLegionellaAntiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiagingAntiatherogenicAntibacterialAnticancerAnticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntidepressantAntiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antielastase IC50=93 um/lAntielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)AntiescherichicAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic

Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orlmusAntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic 50 ug/mlAntiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/mlAntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.AntiophidicAntioxidant 50 uMAntioxidant IC57=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 quercetinAntioxidant 30 mMAntioxidant 1.3 x Vit. EAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml


Antiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/mlAntiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.AntiprostaglandinAntiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic

Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.AntisunburnAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.

Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uMCalcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic 2% (diet)ChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,

the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.Co-carcinogenicCollagen-SparingCytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The

Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/mlDNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.DNA-ProtectiveDiuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/mlHepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orlmus (in the absence of alcohol)Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.HepatotropicHistamine-InhibitorImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L.

(Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Leukotriene-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:

688-690.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uMLyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uMMetal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food

and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.PesticideProoxidantProstaglandigenicSedative 500 mgSunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):

134-136, 1993.Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):


134-136, 1993.Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files.


VulneraryXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21uM

Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.

CAFFEIC-ACID Root -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (102)



AllergenicAnalgesicAntiHIV EC50=200 ug/mlAntiLegionellaAntiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor





in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.AntiophidicAntioxidant 50 uMAntioxidant IC57=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 quercetinAntioxidant 30 mMAntioxidant 1.3 x Vit. EAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/mlAntiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am


Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antisunburn


Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uMCalcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic 2% (diet)ChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393









688-690.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uMLyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uMMetal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food


134-136, 1993.

Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):134-136, 1993.

Sunscreen IC98=25 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):134-136, 1993.

Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files.VulneraryXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21uM


CAFFEIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (102)



AllergenicAnalgesicAntiHIV EC50=200 ug/mlAntiLegionella


Antiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor





in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.AntiophidicAntioxidant 50 uMAntioxidant IC57=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 quercetinAntioxidant 30 mMAntioxidant 1.3 x Vit. EAntioxidant 1/2 BHA

Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/mlAntiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am


Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.AntisunburnAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uMCalcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.


Carcinogenic 2% (diet)ChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393









688-690.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uM

Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uMMetal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food




134-136, 1993.Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files.VulneraryXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21uM


CALCIUM Bulb 200.0 3008.0 0.12 *


Activities (28)

AntiPMS 1 g/dayAntiallergic 500 mg/dayAntianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mgAntiarthritic 1,000 mg/dayAntiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntiobesityAntiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/dayAntiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/dayAntistress 500-1,500 mg/dayAntitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/dayCalcium-Channel-BlockerDiureticHypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Laxative 1,000-1,200 mgTranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/dayVasodilator

CALCIUM Leaf 420.0 5385.0 -0.89 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

Activities (28)

AntiPMS 1 g/dayAntiallergic 500 mg/dayAntianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mgAntiarthritic 1,000 mg/dayAntiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntiobesityAntiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/dayAntiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/dayAntistress 500-1,500 mg/dayAntitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/dayCalcium-Channel-BlockerDiureticHypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Laxative 1,000-1,200 mgTranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/dayVasodilator

CALCIUM-OXALATE Bulb -- -- Walter-Levy, L., Strauss, R. 1954. Inorganic Deposits in Plants. C. R. Acad. Sci.,239: 897-.


Activities (4)

EmeticInflammatoryLaxativeLithogenic

CAMPESTEROL Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.

Activities (2)

Antioxidant IC37=10 uMHypocholesterolemic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

CAMPESTEROL Bulb 10.0 50.0 -1.0 *

Activities (2)

Antioxidant IC37=10 uMHypocholesterolemic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

CARBOHYDRATES Leaf 47000.0 603000.0 -0.07 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

CARBOHYDRATES Bulb 73200.0 798000.0 -1.0 *

CAROTENE Flower -- 28.0 Krylova, M. I. 1967. Carotenoids in the Reproductive Organs of Fertile andSterile Onion Plants, Allium cepa. Bot. ZH., 52(9): 1340-1341.

CATECHOL Bulb -- -- Link, K. P., Walker, J. C. 1933. The Isolation of Catechol from Pigmented OnionScales and its Significance in Relation to Disease Resistance in Onions. J. Biol.Chem., 100: 379-383.

Activities (22)

AllelochemicIC50=0.65 mM

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advancesin Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Allergenic Mitchell, J. and Rook, A.J. 1923. Botanical Dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver: Greengrass, 1979. xiii, 787 p.: ill.Anticancer(Breast)

Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and CellCultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.

AntigonadotropicAntioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.AntisepticAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.Antithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.AntithyreotropicAntitumorAntitumor(Breast)


Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.Cancer-PreventiveCarcinogenic0.8% diet

Jim Duke's personal files.

Carcinogenic 2%dietCo-carcinogenicConvulsant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Dermatitigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.HerbicidePesticideQuinone-Reductase-Inducer


Tumor-Promoter<0.2% diet


CEPAENE-1 Bulb -- -- *

CEPAENE-2-A Bulb -- -- Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray, V., Dorsch, W. 1988. Inhibitors of Cyclo-Oxygenaseand Lipoxygenase in Onions. Lancet, 8616: 906.

CEPAENE-2-B Bulb -- -- Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray, V., Dorsch, W. 1988. Inhibitors of Cyclo-Oxygenaseand Lipoxygenase in Onions. Lancet, 8616: 906.


CEPAENE-3 Bulb -- -- Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray, V., Dorsch, W. 1988. Inhibitors of Cyclo-Oxygenaseand Lipoxygenase in Onions. Lancet, 8616: 906.

CEPAENE-4-A Bulb -- -- Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray, V., Dorsch, W. 1988. Inhibitors of Cyclo-Oxygenaseand Lipoxygenase in Onions. Lancet, 8616: 906.

CEPAENE-4-B Bulb -- -- Bayer, T., Wagner, H., Wray, V., Dorsch, W. 1988. Inhibitors of Cyclo-Oxygenaseand Lipoxygenase in Onions. Lancet, 8616: 906.

CEPAENES Bulb -- -- *

CEPANONE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

CEPOSIDE-D Seed -- -- *

CHOLEST-7-EN-3-BETA-OL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

CHOLESTEROL Bulb -- -- *

Activities (1)

Antioxidant IC43=10 uM

CHOLESTEROL Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.

Activities (1)

Antioxidant IC43=10 uM

CHOLINE Bulb -- 830.0 Dakshinamurti, K. 1955. Choline Content of South Indian Foods. Curr. Sci., 24:194-195.

Activities (20)

Antialzheimeran 5-16 g/man/dayAntichoreic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticirrhotic 6,000 mg/man/dayAnticystinuricAntidementiaAntidiabeticAntidyskinetic 150-200 mg/kg/man/day Martindale's 28thAntihomocysteineAntimanic 15-30 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).AntinociceptiveAntisteatoticCardiodepressantCerebrotonicCholinergic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The

Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.HepatoprotectiveHypotensiveIleorelaxantLipotropicMemorigenicParasympathomimetic (1/1,000thacetylcholine)

Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.

CHROMIUM Seed -- 4.8 0.02 *


Activities (24)

Amphiglycemic? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiAGE 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin

resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiCFS 200 ugAntiacneAntiaging 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin

resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiatherosclerotic 20ug/dayAnticorneotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidiabetic 200-1,000ugAntidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifatigue 200 ugAntiglycosuric 200-1,000 ugAntiobesity 200-1,000ug

Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulinresistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antisyndrome-X 200-800 ug


Antitriglyceride 20ug/day


Antitriglyceride 200-1,000 ug


CardioprotectiveEnergizerHypocholesterolemic 20ug/day


Hypocholesterolemic200-1,000 ug


Hypoglycemic 200-1,000 ug


Hypotensive 200-1,000ug


ImmunomodulatorInsulinogenicMemorigenic

CHROMIUM Bulb 0.057 4.0 1.0 *


Activities (24)

Amphiglycemic? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiAGE 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin

resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiCFS 200 ugAntiacneAntiaging 200-1,000 ug Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin

resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiatherosclerotic 20ug/dayAnticorneotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidiabetic 200-1,000ugAntidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifatigue 200 ugAntiglycosuric 200-1,000 ugAntiobesity 200-1,000ug


Antisyndrome-X 200-800 ug


Antitriglyceride 20ug/day


Antitriglyceride 200-1,000 ug


CardioprotectiveEnergizerHypocholesterolemic 20ug/day


Hypocholesterolemic200-1,000 ug


Hypoglycemic 200-1,000 ug


Hypotensive 200-1,000ug


ImmunomodulatorInsulinogenicMemorigenic

CIS-1-(PROPENYL-DITHIO)-PROPANE

EssentialOil


CIS-2,3-DIMETHYL-5,6-DITHIA-CYCLO(2,2,1)HEPTANE-5-OXIDE

Bulb -- -- Dorsch,W.,et.al.1988.Anti-Asthmatic Effects of Onions. Alk(en)ylsufinothoic AcidAlk(en)yl-Esters Inhib. Histamine Rel. Leukotriene & Thromboxane Biosyn. inVitro and Counteract PAF & Allergen-Ind. Bronch. Obst. in Vivo. Biochem.Pharmacol., 37:4479-4486.

CIS-3,5-DIETHYL-1,2,4-TRITHIOLANE

Leaf -- -- Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)

CIS-METHYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-ACID-S-1-PROPENYLESTER

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (4)

5-Lipoxygenase-InhibitorAntiallergic 10-100 mg/kgAntiasthmatic 10-100 mg/kgCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor

CIS-N-PROPYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-ACID-S-1-PROPENYLESTER

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (4)


CIS-PROPANETHIAL-S-OXIDE Bulb -- -- Block, E., Penn, R. E., Revelle, L. K. 1979. Structure and Origin of the OnionLachrymatory Factor. A Microwave Study. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 101: 2200-2201.

CIS-PROPANETHIOL-S-OXIDE Bulb -- -- *


CIS-ZWEIBELANE Bulb -- -- Calvey, E. M., Matusik, J. E., White, K. D., Betz, J. M., Block, E., Littlejohn, M. H.,Naganathan, S., Putman, D. 1994. Off-Line Supercritical Fluid Extraction ofThiosulfinates from Garlic and Onion. J. Agric. Food Chem., 42(6): 1335-1341.

CITRIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Soldatenkov, S. V., Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev, A. N. 1960. Organic Acids ofOnion and Spinach. Trudy Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad Gosudarst Univ Im AAZhdanova, 18: 55-61.

Activities (23)

AllergenicAlpha-Amylase-InhibitorAntiaphthic20,000 ppm

Martindale's 28th

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAnticalculicAnticoagulant Merck 11th EditionAntileishmanicAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntioxidantSynergist

Merck 11th Edition

AntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Disinfectant Martindale's 29thFLavor FEMA 370-4,400


HemostatIrritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Laxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.Litholytic Martindale's 29thMycobactericideOdontolytic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

Refrigerant Martindale's 28th

CITRIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Soldatenkov, S. V., Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev, A. N. 1960. Organic Acids ofOnion and Spinach. Trudy Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad Gosudarst Univ Im AAZhdanova, 18: 55-61.


Activities (23)

AllergenicAlpha-Amylase-InhibitorAntiaphthic20,000 ppm

Martindale's 28th

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAnticalculicAnticoagulant Merck 11th EditionAntileishmanicAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntioxidantSynergist

Merck 11th Edition

AntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Disinfectant Martindale's 29thFLavor FEMA 370-4,400


HemostatIrritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Laxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.Litholytic Martindale's 29thMycobactericideOdontolytic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Refrigerant Martindale's 28th

COBALT Seed -- 2.5 -0.1 *

Activities (2)

Cardiomyopathogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Erythrocytogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

COBALT Bulb 0.001 0.2 -1.0 *

Activities (2)

Cardiomyopathogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Erythrocytogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

COPPER Bulb 0.3 11.0 0.11 *

Activities (12)

AntianemicAntiarthriticAntidiabetic 2-4 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntifatigueAntiinflammatory Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antinociceptive Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic

CardioprotectiveContraceptive Martindale's 28thHypocholesterolemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.ImmunomodulatorSchizophrenigenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

COPPER Seed -- 18.2 0.31 *


Activities (12)

AntianemicAntiarthriticAntidiabetic 2-4 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntifatigueAntiinflammatory Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antinociceptive Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoporoticCardioprotectiveContraceptive Martindale's 28thHypocholesterolemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.ImmunomodulatorSchizophrenigenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

CYANIDIN-3-O-BETA-D-DIGLYCOSIDE

Bulb -- -- *

CYANIDIN-3-O-LAMINARIBIOSIDE Bulb -- -- *

CYANIDIN-3-O-LAMINARIOBIOSIDE

Bulb -- -- Du, C. T., Wang, P. L., Francis, F. J. 1974. Cyanidin-3-Laminariobioside inSpanish Red Onion (Allium cepa). J. Food Science, 39: 1265-.

CYANIDIN-BIOSIDE Bulb -- -- Fuleki, T. 1969. The Anthocyanins of Strawberry, Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion. J.Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.

CYANIDIN-DIGLYCOSIDE Bulb -- -- Fuleki, T. 1969. The Anthocyanins of Strawberry, Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion. J.Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.

CYANIDIN-MONOGLYCOSIDE Bulb -- -- Fuleki, T. 1969. The Anthocyanins of Strawberry, Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion. J.Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.

CYCLOALLIIN Bulb -- -- *

Activities (3)

Antiaggregant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Fibrinolytic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Lachrymatory

CYCLOARTANOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

CYCLOARTENOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

Activities (7)

AntibacterialAntiinflammatoryAntirheumatic 2-5mg/manAntistaphylococcicHypocholesterolemicPesticideUbiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

CYCLOEUCALENOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

Activities (3)

AntibacterialAntistaphylococcicPesticide

CYSTEINE Bulb -- -- Ueda, Y., Taubuku, T., Miyajima, R. 1994. Composition of Sulfur-ContainingComponents in Onion and Their Flavor Characters. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem.,58(1): 108-110.


Activities (13)

AntiAddisonianAntibiotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Anticataract Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AnticytotoxicAntiophthalmic Martindale's 28thAntioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.AntitumorAntiulcer Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Detoxicant Merck 11th EditionGlutathionergicOphthalmic-Antialkali

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Pesticide

CYSTINE Bulb 210.0 2289.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (2)

Adjuvant Merck 11th EditionAntihomocystinuric Martindale's 29th

D-MANNITOL Bulb -- -- *

DI-N-PROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.

Activities (3)

Insecticide LC50=980-1,000 ppmLarvicidePesticide

DIALLYL-DISULFIDE EssentialOil

-- -- Schultz, O. E., Mohrmann, H. L. 1965. Analysis of Constituents of Garlic Alliumsativum. II. Gas Chromatography of Garlic Oil. Pharmazie, 20(7): 441-447.


Activities (26)

AllergenicAntiHIV LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antibacterial MIC=900-1,900ug/ml


Antilipemic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.AntioxidantAntiproliferative 0.5 mg mus3x/week

Antistaphylococcic MIC=900 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Antitumor 0.5 mg mus 3x/weekAntitumor (Colon) >10 uMAntiviral LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Arylamine-N-Acetyltransferase-Inhibitor >10 uMAvifuge LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.FLavor FEMA 5-8 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.GT-Inducer 0.3 mg/kgHemolytic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Hypocholesterolemic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.HypoglycemicImmunostimulant LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Insecticide LC50=280-340 ppmInsectifuge LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Larvicide Martindale's 28thLipolytic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.PesticideQuinone-Reductase-Inducer 0.3mg/kg

DIALLYL-SULFIDE EssentialOil



Activities (25)

Antibacterial MIC=>2,500 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Anticancer (Colon)Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Stomach)Antimutagenic Abstract (See species file)AntioxidantAntiseptic MIC=>2,500 ug/ml LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antistaphylococcic MIC=>2,500ug/ml


AntitumorAntitumor (Colon) >10 uMAntitumor (Esophagus) 200 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antitumor (Intestine) 200 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antitumor (Liver) LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antitumor (Lung) LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antitumor (Stomach) 200 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Arylamine-N-Acetyltransferase-Inhibitor >10 uMCancer-Preventive (Esophagus)200 mg/kg

Abstract (See species file)

Cytochrome-P450-2E1-InhibitorFLavor FEMA 1-50 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic IC37-72=146ug/ml

Atherogenesis 94:79-85. 1992.

Lipolytic 12 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and relatedspecies. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

OcculoirritantPesticideRadioprotective LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Triglycerolytic 12 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related

species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

DIALLYL-TRISULFIDE EssentialOil



Activities (28)

Amebicide LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Antibacterial MIC=250-1,900 ug/ml

LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Anticancer (Stomach)Anticryptococcic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antifertility LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antiflu LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antigiardial LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antiherpetic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antimeningitic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.AntioxidantAntipneumonic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Antiseptic MIC=250-1,900ug/ml


AntistaphylococcicMIC=250 ug/ml


Antitrypanosomic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Antitumor (Lung) 1 uMAntitumor (Stomach)Antiviral LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Apoptotic 1 uMHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemicInsecticide LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Insectiphile LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Larvicide LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Lipolytic LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.PesticideProtisticide LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Spermicide LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Trypanosomastat LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

DIHYDROALLIIN Bulb -- -- Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs,and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.

DIISOPROPYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

DIMETHYL-DISULFIDE EssentialOil

-- -- Jirovetz, L., Koch, H. P., Jager, W., Remberg, G. 1992. Investigations of GermanOnion Oil by GC-FID, GC-MS and GC-FTIR. Pharmazie, 47(6): 455-456.

Activities (2)

Antithyroid Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.PerfumeryFragrance

Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Researchand Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

DIMETHYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- *

Activities (2)

Antithyroid Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.PerfumeryFragrance

Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Researchand Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

DIMETHYL-FURAN EssentialOil

-- -- Wealth of India.

DIMETHYL-PENTASULFIDE EssentialOil


DIMETHYL-SULFIDE EssentialOil



Activities (2)

FLavorFEMA 0.1-2


Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Researchand Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

DIMETHYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb -- -- Carson, J. F., Wong, F. F. 1961. The Volatile Flavor Components of Onions. J.Agric. Food Chem., 9(2): 140-143.

DIMETHYL-TRISULFIDE EssentialOil


DIMETHYLTETRASULFIDE EssentialOil

-- -- *

DIPHENYLAMINE Plant -- 500.0 Karawy, M. S., Ehayyal, A. S. E., Farrag, N. M., Ayad, M. M. 1986. Screening ofDiphenylamine as an Antihyperglycaemic Agent in Certain Edible Plant Organs.Acta. Pharm. Hung, 56: 55-58.

Activities (3)

Antidiabetic 10 mg/kg orl rbt Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

Hypoglycemic 10 mg/kg orl rbt Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

Nephrotoxic 35 mg/day (=100g onion)

DIPHENYLAMINE Bulb -- 23000.0 *

Activities (3)

Antidiabetic 10 mg/kg orl rbt Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

Hypoglycemic 10 mg/kg orl rbt Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

Nephrotoxic 35 mg/day (=100g onion)

DIPROPENYL-DISULPHIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

DIPROPENYL-SULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

DIPROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- *

Activities (4)

Antithyroid Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.Insectiphile Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.Lipolytic 12 mg/kg LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species.

Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.Triglycerolytic 12mg/kg


DIPROPYL-DISULPHIDE Bulb -- -- *

DIPROPYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb -- -- *

DIPROPYL-TRISULFIDE EssentialOil


DIPROPYLTETRASULFIDE EssentialOil


EICOSEN-1-OL Seed -- -- *

ENDOLYSIN Leaf -- 0.3 -1.0 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science andtherapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Activities (3)

Antibacterial LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Gram(+)icide LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Pesticide

ENDOLYSIN Bulb -- 0.033 -1.0 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science andtherapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.


Activities (3)



Pesticide

EO Bulb 50.0 150.0 -1.29 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

ETHANOL Bulb -- -- *

Activities (24)

AllergenicAnesthetic 4,000 orlcat


Anesthetic 6,000 orlrat


Anhydrotic Martindale's 29thAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Martindale's 28thAntipruritic Martindale's 28thAntiseptic Merck 11th EditionCNS-Depressant Martindale's 28thExpectorant Schulz, V, Hansel, R and Tyler, VE. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy - A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. 1st English Edition. Translated by

Terry C. Telger. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 306 pp.Hepatotoxic Martindale's 29thHypertensive >1drink/day

HypnoticAntidote=Naloxone

Martindale's 29th

Hypocalcemic 4,000orl rat


Hypotensive 1drink/dayMucotropic Schulz, V, Hansel, R and Tyler, VE. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy - A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. 1st English Edition. Translated by

Terry C. Telger. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 306 pp.Neurolytic Merck 11th EditionPesticideRubefacient Martindale's 29thSclerosant Martindale's 29thSurfactant Schulz, V, Hansel, R and Tyler, VE. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy - A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. 1st English Edition. Translated by

Terry C. Telger. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 306 pp.Teratogenic 6,000 orldog


Tremorilytic Martindale's 28thUlcerogenic 5 ml/kg(50%) orl rat

ETHYLENE Bulb -- -- LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science andtherapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Activities (1)

Anesthetic Martindale's 28th

FAT Leaf 6000.0 77000.0 0.41 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

FAT Bulb 1000.0 36079.0 1.0 *

FERULIC-ACID Bulb -- 0.5 -1.0 *

Activities (61)

Allelopathic Holappa, L.D., and Blum*, U. 1991. Effects of Exogenously Applied Ferulic Acid, a Potential Allelopathic Compound, on Leaf Growth, WaterUtilization, and Endogenous Abscisic Acid Levels of Tomato, Cucumber, and Bean. J. of Chemical Ecology, 17(5): 865.

Analgesic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 69.

Antiaggregant Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.

Antiallergic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.AntiarrhythmicAntibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Anticancer (Colon)Anticancer(Forestomach)


Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidysmenorrheicAntiestrogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntiherpeticAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml

Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antimitotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food andTheir Effects on Health, Ch.18.

Antineoplastic(Stomach)

Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food andTheir Effects on Health, Ch.18.

Antioxidant 3,000 uMAntioxidant IC51=200ppmAntioxidant 1/3quercetinAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntioxidant EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular IC50=116-124 uMAntiserotonin Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antispasmodic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Antithrombic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor(Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-PromoterIC46=10 uM

Cancer Research, 48: 5941.

Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Arteriodilator Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.

Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Cardiac Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.

Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.Cholagogue Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.HepatotropicHerbicide Angewandte Botanik 68(5/6)=1994. Page 195.Hydrocholerectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.HypolipidemicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their

Effects on Health, Ch.25.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor

Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.

PesticidePhagocytoticPreservative Merck 11th EditionProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 0.58-3.2 mM

Xu, L. N., Yu, W. G., Tian, J. Y., Liu, Q. Y. 1990. Effect of Sodium Ferulate on Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 25(6): 412-416.

Sunscreen Chemical Marketing Reporter; a weekly tabloid, 9/10/92.Uterosedative 30-100mg/kg ivn rat

Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.


FERULIC-ACID Root -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (61)





London. 791 pp.Anticancer (Colon)Anticancer(Forestomach)Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidysmenorrheicAntiestrogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,






Antineoplastic(Stomach)Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and

Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antioxidant 3,000 uMAntioxidant IC51=200ppmAntioxidant 1/3quercetinAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntioxidant EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular IC50=116-124 uMAntiserotonin Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor(Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-PromoterIC46=10 uM







London. 791 pp.


HypolipidemicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).








FERULIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (61)





London. 791 pp.Anticancer (Colon)Anticancer(Forestomach)Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidysmenorrheicAntiestrogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,






Antineoplastic(Stomach)Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and

Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antioxidant 3,000 uMAntioxidant IC51=200ppm

Antioxidant 1/3quercetinAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntioxidant EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular IC50=116-124 uMAntiserotonin Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor(Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)


Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-PromoterIC46=10 uM







London. 791 pp.HypolipidemicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).








FIBER Leaf 11000.0 141000.0 -0.25 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

Activities (15)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntidiabeticAntihypertensiveAntiobesityAntitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Beta-BlockerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemicHypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).HypouricemicLaxativeVasodilator

FIBER Bulb 4400.0 126000.0 1.0 *


Activities (15)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntidiabeticAntihypertensiveAntiobesityAntitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Beta-BlockerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemicHypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).HypouricemicLaxativeVasodilator

FLUORINE Bulb 0.04 0.8 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980

FRUCTOSAN Bulb 100000.0 400000.0 1.0 *

FRUCTOSE Bulb -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (8)

Antialcoholic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

AntihangoverAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntinauseant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.LaxativeNeoplastic CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate AnalysesSweetener 2 xglucose


FRUCTOSE Leaf -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (8)

Antialcoholic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

AntihangoverAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntinauseant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.LaxativeNeoplastic CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate AnalysesSweetener 2 xglucose


FUMARIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *

Activities (7)

Acidulant Martindale's 28thAntidermatitic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.AntihepatocarcinogenicIC100=1% (diet)

Akao, M. and Kuroda, K. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Fumaric Acid on Hepatocarcinogenesis by Thioacetamide in Mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull.38(7): 2012-2014, 1990.

Antioxidant Merck 11th EditionAntipsoriac Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Antitumor Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.

Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.FLavor FEMA 50-3,600 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry


GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-LEUCINE Bulb -- -- Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, B. J. 1961. New gamma-l-glutamyl Petides in Onion(Allium cepa). III. Suomen Kemistilehti, 34B: 53-54.

GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-PHENYLALANINE

Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-PHENYLALANINE-ETHYL-ESTER

Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-S-BETA-CARBOXY-BETA-METHYL-ETHYL-CYSTEINYL-GLYCINE

Bulb -- -- Virtamen, A. I., Matikkala, E. J. 1960. New Gamma-Glutamyl Peptides in Onion(Allium cepa). I. Gamma-glutamylphenylalanine and gamma-glutamyl-s-(beta-carboxy-beta-methylethyl)-cysteinylglycine. Suomen Kemistilehti, 33B: 83-84.

GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-S-METHYL-CYSTEINE

Plant -- -- J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-ARGININE Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-CYSTEINE Bulb -- -- Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, B. J. 1961. New gamma-l-glutamyl Petides in Onion(Allium cepa). III. Suomen Kemistilehti, 34B: 53-54.

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-ISOLEUCINE

Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L-ARGININE Bulb -- -- Matikkala, E. J., Virtanen, A. I. 1970. Isolation of gamma-l-glutamy-l-arginineand gamma-l-glutamyl-s-(2-carboxy-n-propyl)-l-cysteine from Allium cepa(Onion). Suomen Kemistilehti, 43(11): 435-438.

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L-VALINE Bulb -- -- Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, B. J. 1961. New gamma-l-glutamyl Petides in Onion(Allium cepa). III. Suomen Kemistilehti, 34B: 53-54.

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S(2-CARBOXY-N-PROPYL)L-CYSTEINE

Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(1-PROPENYL)-CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE

Bulb -- -- Virtanen, A. I., Matikkala, E. J. 1961. Structure of the Gamma-Glutamyl Peptide4 Isolated from Onion (Allium cepa)-gamma-l-glutamyl-s-(1-propenyl)-cysteinesulfoxide. Suomen Kemistilehti, 34B: 84.

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(1-PROPENYL)L-CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE

Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(2-CARBOXY-BETA-METHYL-ETHYL)-CYSTEINYL-GLYCINE

Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-S-(2-CARBOXY-BETA-METHYL-ETHYL)-CYSTEINYL-GLYCINE-ETHYL-ESTER

Bulb -- -- *

GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-VALINE Bulb -- -- *

GIBBERELLIN-A-4 Root -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1965. Onion Root Gibberellins. Curr. Sci., 34(1): 28.

GLUCOFRUCTAN Bulb -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

GLUCOFRUCTAN Leaf -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

GLUCOSE Bulb -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (7)

AcetylcholinergicAntiedemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Antihepatotoxic Merck 11th EditionAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntivaricose Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Hyperglycemic Merck 11th EditionMemory-Enhancer

Science News, 138: 189, 1990.


GLUCOSE Leaf -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (7)

AcetylcholinergicAntiedemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Antihepatotoxic Merck 11th EditionAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntivaricose Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Hyperglycemic Merck 11th EditionMemory-Enhancer

Science News, 138: 189, 1990.

GLUTAMIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Thomas, D. J., Parkin, K. L. 1994. Quantification of Alk(en)yl-L-CysteineSulfoxides and Related Amino Acids in Alliums by High-Performance LiquidChromatography. J. Agr. Food Chem., 42(8): 1632-1638.

Activities (8)

Antialkali? 500-1,000mg/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

AntiepilepticAntihyperammonemic Martindale's 29thAntilithic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3x/day


Antiretardation Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &Frost, London. 791 pp.

Anxiolytic Merck 11th EditionNeurotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &


GLUTAMINE Bulb -- -- *

Activities (5)

Antialcoholic 1,000mg/man/day/orl

Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington(Looseleaf).

Antidepressant Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntisicklingAntiulcer 1,600 mg/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Catabolic Tramil

GLUTAN Bulb -- -- *

GLUTATHIONE Bulb -- -- Ueda, Y., Taubuku, T., Miyajima, R. 1994. Composition of Sulfur-ContainingComponents in Onion and Their Flavor Characters. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem.,58(1): 108-110.

Activities (7)

ACE-Inhibitor IC50=3.2 ug/mlAnticytotoxicAntidote (Heavy Metals) Martindale's 29thAntieczemic Martindale's 29thAntihepatitic Martindale's 29thAntioxidantCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

GLYCINE Bulb 490.0 5341.0 1.0 *


Activities (12)

Antiacid Martindale's 29thAntialdosteronic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antidote (Hypoglycin-A) Martindale's 29thAntiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntigastritic Martindale's 29thAntiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3x/day


Antipruritic Merck 11th EditionAntisickling Ekeke, G.I. and Shode, F.O. 1988. Phenylalanine is the Predominant Antisickling Agent in Cajanus cajan Seed Extract. Planta Medica

56(1): 41, 1990.Antiulcer Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Neuroinhibitor Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Uricosuric

GLYCOLIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Balansard, J., Arnoux, M. 1951. A Study of the Hepato-Renaldiuretics. III. TheActive Principle of Onion Juice. Med. Trop. (Marseille), 11: 632-634.

Activities (4)

CholesterolyticDiuretic Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.Hepatotonic Fitoterapia No.5-1986.Irritant Merck 11th Edition

GRAMISTEROL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

HEXADECEN-1-OL Seed -- -- *

HISTIDINE Bulb 190.0 2071.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (7)

AntiarterioscleroticAntinephritic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.AntioxidantAntiulcerAntiuremic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Essential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Oxidant

IRON Seed -- 235.0 0.39 *

Activities (6)

Antiakathisic Martindale's 29thAntianemic Martindale's 29thAnticankerAnticheilitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenorrhagic 100mg/day/wmn/orl


Prooxidant

IRON Leaf 34.0 436.0 0.18 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

Activities (6)



Prooxidant

IRON Bulb 2.0 135.0 0.78 *


Activities (6)



Prooxidant

ISOLEUCINE Bulb 420.0 4578.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (3)

Antiencephalopathic? Martindale's 29thAntipellagric Martindale's 28thEssential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.

ISOPROPYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

ISOPROPYL-PROPYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

ISOQUERCITRIN Bulb -- -- Kiviranta, J., Huovinen, K., Hiltunen, R. 1986. Variation of Flavonoids in Alliumcepa. Planta Medica, 6: 517-518.

Activities (22)

ACE-Inhibitor ID50=300ug/ml rat (24 hr.)Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

AnticancerAntielastase IC50=0.7ug/mlAntifeedant Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134.AntiinflammatoryAntinociceptiveAntioxidant 1/4quercetinAntioxidant IC50=9.0uMAntiradicular 1/4quercetinAntitumorAntitumor-PromoterCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CapillarigenicDiaphoreticDiuretic 10 ppm List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.Hypotensive Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.Insectiphile Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.PesticideTNF-alpha-InhibitorTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 550 ug/ml

Bernard, F. X., Sable, S., Cameron, B., Provost, J., Desnottes, J. F., Crouzet, J., Blanche, F. 1997. Glycosylated Flavones as Selective Inhibitors ofTopoisomerase IV. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, 41: 992-998.

ISORHAMNETIN Bulb -- -- Park, Y. K., Lee, C. Y. 1996. Identification of Isorhamnetin 4'-Glucoside inOnions. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44(1): 34-36.


Activities (11)

AntibacterialAntihistaminic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antiinflammatory Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antioxidant Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Cancer-Preventive

Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 210.

MAO-InhibitorPesticideQuinone-Reductase-Inducer

Yannai, S., Day, A. J., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1998. Characterization of Flavonoids as Monofunctional or Bifunctional Inducers of QuinoneReductase in Murine Hepatoma Cell Lines. Food Chem Toxicol, 36(8): 623-630.

Vasodilator

ISORHAMNETIN-3-GLUCOSIDE Bulb -- -- *

Activities (1)

Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 210.

KAEMPFEROL Bulb -- 2.0 *

Activities (75)

11B-HSD-Inhibitor5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM

Oliveira, T. T., Nagem, T. J., Miranda, L. C. G., Paula, V. F., Teixeira, M. A. 1997. Inhibitory Action on Aldose Reductase by Soybean Flavonoids. JBraz Chem Soc, 8(3): 211-213.

Antiaflatoxin IC50=8.73uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=3.28ppmAntiaggregant 30 uMAntiallergicAntibacterial 20 ug/mlAnticancerAntifertility 250mg/kg/day/60 days/orlrat

Kumar, P., Dixit*, V.P., and Khanna, P. Antifertility Studies of Kaempferol: Isolation and Identification from Tissue Culture of some MedicinallyImportant Plant Species. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 23: 193-201, 1989.

Antigingivitic 20 ug/mlAntiherpetic 23-92ug/ml

Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture.Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992.

Antihistaminic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. DanielCo., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

AntiimplantationAntiinflammatory 20mg/kgAntiinflammatory 200mg/kg ipr ratAntileukemic IC50=3.1ug/ml

Life Sciences 55: 1061.

Antilymphocytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

AntimutagenicID50=10-40 nM

Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACSSymposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.

Antioxidant IC50=40 uMAntioxidant 3/4quercetinAntioxidant IC50=1.2ug/mlAntiperiodontic 20ug/mlAntiplaque 20 ug/mlAntiradicular 7 xquercetinAntiseptic 20 ug/mlAntiserotonin 200mg/kg ipr ratAntispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.AntistaphylococcicAntitumor


Antitumor-Promoter Yasukawa, K., Takido, M., Takeuchi, M., Sato, Y., Nitta, K., and Nakagawa, S. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Flavonol Glycosides on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Tumor Promotion. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 774-776, 1990.

Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kgipr ratAntiviral 23-92 ug/mlApoptotic 60 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC12=1 uM/l

Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.

COX-2-InhibitorCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic Hutchings, A, Scott, AH, Lewis, G, and Cunningham, A. 1996. Zulu Medicinal Plants. An inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.

450 pp.

Choleretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Copper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20CytotoxicDiaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.DiureticEstrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


Estrogenic EC50=0.56uMFungicide 20 ug/ml Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.HIV-RT-InhibitorIC50=50-150 ug/ml

Garcia, J., Morin,* C., Nyasse, B., Sondengam, B-L., Tchouankeu, J-C., and Tsamo, E. Complete Structural Assignments Of An ErgosterolDerivative From Entandrophragma utile. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 136-142, 1991.

HepatoprotectiveIC50=5.46 uMHepatoprotectiveIC50=1.30 ppmHypotensiveICAM-1-InhibitorInotropicIodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

JNK-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.MAO-InhibitorMutagenicNO-Inhibitor IC50=13.9uMNatriureticNeuroprotectivePAF-InhibitorPesticideProtisticide Meckes, M., Calzada, F., Tapia-Contreras, A., Cedillo-Rivera, R. 1999. Antiprotozoal Properties of Helianthemum glomeratum. Phytotherapy

Research, 13(2): 102-105.Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.99 uMTeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor

Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14:223-237.

Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml

Constantinou, A., Mehta, R., Runyan, C., Rao, K., Vaughan, A., Moon, R. 1995. Flavonoids as DNA Topoisomerase Antagonists and Poisons:Structure-Activity Relationships. J Natural Products, 58: 217-225.

Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=230 uMUterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l


VasodilatorcAMP-Phosphodiesterase-InhibitoriNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uMiNOS-InhibitorIC50=13.9 uM

KAEMPFEROL-3,4'-DI-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Bulb -- -- Tissut, M., Ravanel, P. 1980. Assessment of Flavonols in Adult Leaves of SeveralVegetative Vacuoles. Phytochemistry, 19: 2077-2081.

KAEMPFEROL-3-O-SOPHOROSIDE-7-O-GLUCURONIDE

Epidermis -- -- Urushibara, S. I., Kitayama, Y., Watanabe, T., Okuno, T., Watarai, A.,Matsumoto, T. 1992. New Flavonol Glycosides, Major Determinants Inducing theGreen Fluorescence in the Guard Cells of Allium cepa. Tetrahedron Lett., 33(9):1213-1216.


KAEMPFEROL-4',7-DI-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Bulb -- -- Tissut, M., Ravanel, P. 1980. Assessment of Flavonols in Adult Leaves of SeveralVegetative Vacuoles. Phytochemistry, 19: 2077-2081.

KAEMPFEROL-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Bulb -- -- *

KILOCALORIES Leaf 260.0 3330.0 0.5 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

KILOCALORIES Bulb 380.0 3750.0 1.0 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

LEAD Bulb 0.01 1.4 *

LEUCINE Bulb 410.0 4469.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (2)

Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thEssential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.

LINOLEIC-ACID Seed 103500.0 106200.0 -0.01 Wealth of India.

Activities (27)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntiMS Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiacneAntialopecicAntianaphylactic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiandrogenicAntiarterioscleroticAntiarthritic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Anticoronary Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antieczemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.AntigranularAntihistaminic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiinflammatory IC50=31uMAntileukotriene-D4 IC50=31uMAntimenorrhagic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic Science News, 146: 421.ComedolyticHepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Immunomodulator Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Metastatic Science News, 146: 421.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Propecic

LINOLEIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.


Activities (27)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntiMS Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiacneAntialopecic

Antianaphylactic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiandrogenicAntiarterioscleroticAntiarthritic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Anticoronary Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


LINOLEIC-ACID Seed Oil 575000.0 590600.0 0.78 *

Activities (27)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntiMS Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiacneAntialopecicAntianaphylactic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiandrogenicAntiarterioscleroticAntiarthritic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Anticoronary Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


LITHIUM Bulb 0.152 0.324 *


Activities (11)

AntiPMS Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihyperthyroid Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimanic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipsychotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antischizophrenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiviralCholinergicDeliriant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.NatriureticNephrotoxic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

LOPHENOL Bulb -- -- Itoh, T., Tamura, T., Mitsuhashi, T., Matsumoto, T. 1977. Sterols of Liliaceae.Phytochemistry, 16: 140-141.

LUTEIN Bulb -- 0.02 Granado, F., Olmedilla, B., Blanco, I., Rojas-Hidalgo, E. 1992. CarotenoidComposition in Raw and Cooked Spanish Vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem.,40(11): 2135-2140.

Activities (15)

AntiatheroscleroticAnticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and

Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Antimaculitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antinyctalopic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.AntioxidantAntiproliferant Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.AntiradicularAntiretinitic OptometryAntitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and

Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Antitumor (Colon)Colorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Prooxidant 5-40 ug/gQuinone-Reductase-Inducer 2.5 ug

Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits andCell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.

RetinoprotectantOptometryUbiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

LYSINE Bulb 560.0 6104.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (4)

Antialkalotic Martindale's 29thAntiherpetic 0.5-3 g/dayEssential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Hypoarginanemic 250mg/kg

Martindale's 29th

MAGNESIUM Bulb 76.0 1230.0 0.73 *

Activities (65)

AntiCFSAntiLyme 400-1,000 mgAntiMSAntiPMS 400-800mg/day/wmn/orlAntiPMS 400-800mg/day/wmn orlAntiRaynaud's 280-350mg/dayAntiaggregant 400 mg/dayAntialcoholicAntianginal 400 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antianorectic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antianxiety 400 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiarrhythmic 400 mg/dayAntiarthritic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.


Antiasthmatic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiatherosclerotic 400mg/dayAnticephalagicAnticlimacteric 500-750mg/dayAnticonvulsant Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.Anticoronary 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidiabetic 400-800mg/man/dayAntidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4x/day


Antiendometriotic 500mg/dayAntienteroticAntiepileptic 450 mg/dayAntifatigueAntifibromyalgic 200-300 mg3x/dayAntigastroticAntiglaucomicAntihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntihypoglycemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4x/day


Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antilithic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimastalgic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimenopausal 500-750mg/dayAntimigraine 200mg/day/man


Antimitral-valve-prolapseAntinephrolyticAntineurotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoporotic 500-1,000mg/day/wmn/orlAntiplaque 500-1,000 mg/dayAntiretinopathic 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntispasmodicAntispasmophilic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antistress 500-750 mg/dayAntistroke 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antisyndrome-X 400mg/man/day

Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Anxiolytic 500-750 mg/dayCNS-Depressant Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.Calcium-AntagonistCardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemic 400mg/day


Hypotensive 260-500 mg/dayImmunomodulatorInsulinogenic 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Laxative 300-500 mg/dayLitholyticMyorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.NeurotransmitterTranquilizer 500-750 mg/dayUterorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Vasodilator

MALIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Soldatenkov, S. V., Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev, A. N. 1960. Organic Acids ofOnion and Spinach. Trudy Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad Gosudarst Univ Im AAZhdanova, 18: 55-61.


Activities (15)

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAntifibromyalgic 300 mg 3x/dayAntioxidant Synergist Merck 11th EditionAntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.BacteristatBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.HemopoieticLaxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.MycobactericidePesticideSialogogue Martindale's 29th

MALIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Soldatenkov, S. V., Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev, A. N. 1960. Organic Acids ofOnion and Spinach. Trudy Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad Gosudarst Univ Im AAZhdanova, 18: 55-61.

Activities (15)

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAntifibromyalgic 300 mg 3x/dayAntioxidant Synergist Merck 11th EditionAntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.BacteristatBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.HemopoieticLaxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.MycobactericidePesticideSialogogue Martindale's 29th

MANGANESE Seed -- 19.4 -0.43 *

Activities (14)

AntiPMSAntialcoholic Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.Antianemic Martindale's 28thAntiarthriticAntidiabetic 3-5 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic 10-30mg/man/dayAntidiscotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidyskinetic Martindale's 28thAntiepileptic 450 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoporoticAntiototic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntioxidantAntisyndrome-X 10-30mg/man/day


Hypoglycemic 10-30mg/man/day

MANGANESE Bulb 1.0 38.0 1.4 *


Activities (14)

AntiPMSAntialcoholic Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.Antianemic Martindale's 28thAntiarthriticAntidiabetic 3-5 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic 10-30mg/man/dayAntidiscotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidyskinetic Martindale's 28thAntiepileptic 450 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoporoticAntiototic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntioxidantAntisyndrome-X 10-30mg/man/day


Hypoglycemic 10-30mg/man/day

MELATONIN Bulb -- -- Hattori, A., et. al. 1995. Identification of Melatonin in Plants and its Effects onPlasma Melatonin Levels and Binding to Melatonin Receptors in Vertebrates.Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 35(3): 627-634.

Activities (23)

Anaphrodisiac Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antiaggregant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Anticonvulsant 25ug/gerbil/scu

Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)

Antidepressant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antigonadotrophic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antiinsomniac 0.1-10mg/man

Antioxidant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antiradicular 0.2-0.4 mg/kgAntithyreotropic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Aphrodisiac Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)COX-2-Inhibitor Newmark, T. M. and Schulick, P. 2000. Herbal Cox-2 Inhibition - Nature's Challenge to Arthritis, Cancer & Alzheimer's Disease. Hohm Press,

Prescott AZ.Contraceptive Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Depressant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)GABA-nergic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Gonadotrophic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Hypnotic 0.1-0.3 mg/manHypocholesterolemic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Hypothermic 1-10 mg/manImmunostimulant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Progesteronigenic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Serotoninergic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Thyrotropic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)

MERCURY Bulb -- 0.001 -1.0 *

Activities (1)

Nephrotoxic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

METHANETHIOL Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

METHANOL Leaf -- -- Burtsev, A. F., Pashchenko, T. W., Rik, G. R. 1974. Mass-Spectrometric Analysisof Volatile Phytonocide Substances of Cucumber and Common Onion Leaves.Fiziol Biokhim Kul't Rast, 6: 516-.

Activities (2)

AntiHIV EC50=<20 ug/mlAntidote #NAME? Martindale's 29th

METHANOL Bulb -- -- *


Activities (2)

AntiHIV EC50=<20 ug/mlAntidote #NAME? Martindale's 29th

METHIONINE Bulb 100.0 1090.0 -1.0 *

Activities (15)

Anticataract Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington(Looseleaf).

Antidote (Acetaminophen) 10g/16hr/man/orl

Martindale's 29th

Antidote (Paracetamol) 10g/16hr/man/orl

Martindale's 29th

AntieczemicAntihepatotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.AntioxidantAntiparkinsonian 1-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Emetic Martindale's 29thEssential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Glutathionigenic Martindale's 29th

HepatoprotectiveLipotropic Merck 11th EditionUrine-Acidifier 200mg/3x/day/man/orl

Martindale's 28th

Urine-Deodorant Martindale's 29th

METHIONINE-METHYLSULFONIUM Plant -- -- *

METHIONINE-METHYLSULFONIUM-SALT

Bulb -- -- Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E. 1957. Studies on Sulfur Compounds from Onion. Diss.Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-1457.

METHIONINE-SULFONE Bulb -- -- Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E. 1957. Studies on Sulfur Compounds from Onion. Diss.Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-1457.

METHYL-ALLIIN Bulb -- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugsand Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., EssexUK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

METHYL-CIS-PROPENYL-DISULFIDE


METHYL-CIS-PROPENYL-DISULFIDE

Plant -- -- *

METHYL-CIS-PROPENYL-TRISULFIDE

Bulb -- -- *

METHYL-DITHIO-METHANE EssentialOil


METHYL-METHANE-THIOSULFINATE

Fruit Juice -- -- Schmidt, N. E., et. al. 1996. Rapid Extraction Method of Quantitating theLachrymatory Factor of Onion Using Gas Chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem.,44(9): 2690-2693.

METHYL-N-PROPANE-THIOSULFINATE


METHYL-PROPENYL-TRISULFIDE Plant -- -- *

METHYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE EssentialOil


METHYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE Bulb -- -- *

METHYL-PROPYL-TETRASULFIDE EssentialOil


METHYL-TRANS-PROPENYL-DISULFIDE


METHYL-TRANS-PROPENYL-TRISULFIDE



METHYLPROPYL-TRISULFIDE Bulb -- -- *

METHYLPROPYL-TRISULFIDE EssentialOil


MEVALONIC-ACID Bulb -- 0.5 Wills, R. B. H., Scurr, E. V. 1975. Mevalonic Acid Concentrations in Fruit andVegetable Tissues. Phytochemistry, 14: 1643.

MOLYBDENUM Bulb 0.1 2.3 1.0 *

Activities (2)

Anticancer (Esophagus)? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

Antitumor (Esophagus)? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

MUFA Bulb 230.0 2230.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (13)

AllergenicAnemiagenicAntiinflammatoryIC50=21 uMAntileukotriene-D4IC50=21 uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Choleretic 5 ml/manDermatitigenicFLavor FEMA 1-30 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Merck 11th EditionPercutaneostimulant Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and

Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

MURAMIDASE Leaf -- 0.3 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science andtherapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Activities (3)



Pesticide

MURAMIDASE Bulb -- 0.033 -1.0 LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The Science andtherapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.

Activities (3)



Pesticide

MYRISTIC-ACID Bulb 10.0 100.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (6)

Antioxidant IC71=60Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Hypercholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

MYRISTIC-ACID Seed Oil -- -- Reddy, P. N., Azeemoddin, G., Rao, S. D. T. 1989. Processing and Analysis ofOnionseed (Allium cepa) and its Fixed Oil. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 66(3): 365.


Activities (6)

Antioxidant IC71=60

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Hypercholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

MYROSINASE Bulb -- -- *

N-PROPYL-MERCAPTAN Bulb -- -- Nishimura, H., Mizutani, J. 1975. Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Developmentof Lachrymator of Onion. Agic. Biol. Chem., 39: 2245-.

Activities (1)

FLavor FEMA 0.1-0.5 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

N-PROPYL-METHANE-THIOSULFINATE


N-PROPYL-N-PROPANE-THIOSULFINATE


N-PROPYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-ACID-S-N-PROPYLESTER

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (4)


NEODECANOIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

NIACIN Leaf 7.0 90.0 -0.09 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses


Activities (39)

Allergenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mg/dayAntiMeniere's Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000mg/dayAntiacrodynicAntiallergic 50 mg/2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntialzheimeranAntiamblyopicAntianginalAnticataractAntichilblain Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Anticonvulsant 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntidementiaAntidermatitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntidiabeticAntidysphagicAntiepileptic 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinsomnic 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineuralgicAntiparkinsonian 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipellagric Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiscotomicAntispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntivertigoCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCirculotonicFibrinolyticHepatoprotectiveHepatotoxicHypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg3x/dayHypoglycemicHypolipidemicSedative Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Serotoninergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Vasodilator Martindale's 29th

NIACIN Bulb 1.0 75.0 1.0 *


Activities (39)

Allergenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mg/dayAntiMeniere's Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000mg/dayAntiacrodynicAntiallergic 50 mg/2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntialzheimeranAntiamblyopicAntianginalAnticataractAntichilblain Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Anticonvulsant 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntidementiaAntidermatitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntidiabeticAntidysphagicAntiepileptic 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinsomnic 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineuralgicAntiparkinsonian 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipellagric Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiscotomicAntispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntivertigoCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCirculotonicFibrinolyticHepatoprotectiveHepatotoxicHypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg3x/dayHypoglycemicHypolipidemicSedative Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Serotoninergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Vasodilator Martindale's 29th

NICKEL Seed 0.03 4.0 -0.14 *

Activities (3)

Antiadrenalinic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticirrhotic? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Insulin-Sparing Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

NICKEL Bulb 0.05 2.5 1.0 *

Activities (3)

Antiadrenalinic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticirrhotic? Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Insulin-Sparing Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

NITROGEN Bulb 1700.0 17690.0 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980

NONADECANOIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Gilbert, M. D., Maylin, G. A., Lisk, D. J. 1976. Gas Chromatographic Analysis ofNeodecanoic Acids in Onions. J. Agr. Food Chem., 24(1): 194-.

NORCEPANONE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

OLEANOLIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *


Activities (64)

AbortifacientAntiHIV IC50=21.8 ug/mlAntiHIV EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiPGE2 IC50=24 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=19-24uMAntiallergicAntiarrhythmic 40 mg/kgAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAnticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticomplement IC40-500.01 mM/l gpg

Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993(E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Anticomplement IC80-900.05 mM/l gpg

Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993(E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Antiedemic IC36=40mg/kg ipr ratAntifertilityAntigingivitic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntihepatotoxicAntihyperlipidemic

Antiinflammatory 40mg/kg ipr

Aquino, R., De Feo, V., De Simone, F., Pizza, C.*, and Cirino, G. Plant Metabolites. New Compounds And Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Uncariatomentosa. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 453-459, 1991.

Antiischemic 40 mg/kgAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antileukotriene IC50=17uMAntimalarial IC50=70-89ug/mlAntinephritic IC50=19-24uMAntioxidant Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. 1992. Intervention of Adriamycin Induced Free Radical Damage. Biochemistry International 28(4): 735-744,

1992.Antioxidant IC46=10 uMAntiperiodontic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC30=200ug/mlAntiplaque MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=70-89 ug/mlAntisarcomicAntiseptic MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntitumorAntitumor (Breast) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Kidney) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Lung) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Pancreas) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antiulcer >carbenoxoloneAntiviral EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Antiviral IC50=21.8 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Aromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCOX-2-Inhibitor IC50=295uM/COX-2-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cardioprotective 40 mg/kgCardiotonicCyclooxygenase-InhibitorDiuretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.


Elastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing

Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 211.HypolipemicHypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenicNF-kB-InhibitorPhagocytoticPiscicide ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor igs musSedativeUterotonicVasopressor

OLEIC-ACID Seed -- 46800.0 -0.59 Wealth of India.

Activities (18)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAllergenicAlpha-Reductase-InhibitorAnemiagenicAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntiinflammatoryIC50=21 uMAntileukotriene-D4IC50=21 uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Choleretic 5 ml/manDermatitigenicFLavor FEMA 1-30 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Merck 11th EditionPercutaneostimulant Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and

Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecic

OLEIC-ACID Seed Oil 260000.0 292900.0 -0.15 *

Activities (18)



OLEIC-ACID Bulb 230.0 2230.0 1.0 *


Activities (18)



OXALIC-ACID Bulb -- 10.0 *

Activities (9)

AcaricideAntisepticCNS-Paralytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Fatal Martindale's 29thHemostatic Merck 11th EditionIrritantPesticideRenotoxic Merck 11th EditionVarroacide

OXALIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Gad, S. S., Esmat El-Zalaki, M., Hohamed, M. S., Mohasseb, S. Z. 1982. OxalateContent of Some Leafy Vegetables and Dry Legumes Consumed Widely inEgypt. Food Chem., 8(3): 169-177. (Coll. Agric. Alexandria Univ. Ale.)

Activities (9)

AcaricideAntisepticCNS-Paralytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Fatal Martindale's 29thHemostatic Merck 11th EditionIrritantPesticideRenotoxic Merck 11th EditionVarroacide

P-COUMARIC-ACID Root -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.


Activities (25)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4ug/ml (weak activity)

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, andSyntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

Allelopathic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &Frost, London. 791 pp.

Antibacterial Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.AnticlastogenAntifertilityAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin

Med, 31(1):37-46.Antinitrosaminic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antioxidant IC24=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.AntisepticAntispasmodic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical

Press, London. 296pp.AntitumorCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5mM

Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.

PesticideProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-InhibitorTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650uM

P-COUMARIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *

Activities (25)










Pesticide

ProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-InhibitorTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650uM


P-COUMARIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (25)










PesticideProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-InhibitorTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650uM

P-CYMENE Fruit Juice -- -- Schmidt, N. E., et. al. 1996. Rapid Extraction Method of Quantitating theLachrymatory Factor of Onion Using Gas Chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem.,44(9): 2690-2693.

Activities (16)

Analgesic Martindale's 28thAntiacetylcholinesteraseIC40=1.2 mMAntibacillaryAntibacterialAntifluAntirheumatalgic Martindale's 28thAntiviralFLavor FEMA 12-250 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.Herbicide IC50=50 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis,

Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets forResearch and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

Laxative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets forResearch and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

PesticideSedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.TrichomonicideLD100=50 ug/ml

P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Bulb -- 107.0 1.0 *


Activities (13)

AntibacterialAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 65.AntiradicularAntisickling 10.5 ug/mlCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Fungistat EC50=607ug/ml

Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

ImmunosuppressantPesticidePhytoalexin Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Prostaglandigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Secretogogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

P-HYDROXYBANZOIC-ACID Bulb -- 107.0 *

PAEONIDIN-GLYCOSIDE Bulb -- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugsand Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., EssexUK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

PALMITIC-ACID Seed -- 13140.0 -0.43 Wealth of India.

Activities (13)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.Antioxidant IC40=60FLavor FEMA 1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHemolytic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Hypercholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.PesticidePropecicSoap Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

PALMITIC-ACID Bulb 240.0 2325.0 -1.0 *

Activities (13)



London. 791 pp.

PALMITIC-ACID Seed Oil -- 73000.0 -0.72 *


Activities (13)



London. 791 pp.

PANTOTHENIC-ACID Bulb 1.0 16.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (11)

Antiallergic 100-500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiarthritic 500-2,000 mg/dayAnticephalagic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Anticlaudificant? Martindale's 29thAntidermatitic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.Antifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antihypercholesterolemic 300mg/meal


Antiielus? Martindale's 29thAntiinsomniac? Martindale's 29thAntirheumatitic? Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

PECTIN Bulb -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.

Activities (24)

Antiatheromic 15 g/man/day Cerda, J.J. Pectin in Health and Disease. HortScience, 25(12): 1485, 1990.AntibacterialAntidiabetic 10 g/man/day/orl

Antidiarrheic Merck 11th EditionAntienteriticAntigallstoneAntigastriticAntilithicAntimetastaticAntimutagenicAntiobesity Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Prostate)AntitussiveAntiulcerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.ChemopreventiveDemulcentFungicide Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.HemostatHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.PeristalticPesticide

PELARGONIDIN-MONOGLYCOSIDE

Bulb -- -- Fuleki, T. 1969. The Anthocyanins of Strawberry, Rhubarb, Radish, and Onion. J.Food Sci., 34(4): 365-369.


PENTOSAN Bulb -- -- *

PEROXIDASE Bulb -- -- *

PHENYLALANINE Bulb 300.0 3270.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (7)

AntiADD 587 mg/day/orl Martindale's 29thAntidepressant 50-4,000 mg/day/manAntiparkinsonian 200-500mg/day/man

Martindale's 28th

Antisickling 690 ug/mlAntivitiligic 100 mg/kg/day/orl/man Martindale's 29thMonoamine-Precursor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Tremorigenic 1,600-12,600mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

PHLOROGLUCINOL Bulb -- 100.0 *

Activities (8)

AntisepticAntispasmodic 480 mg/day/orl man Martindale's 29thAntitumor-PromoterCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Decalcifier Merck 11th EditionFungicideGoitrogenicPesticide

PHLOROGLUCINOL-CARBOXYLIC-ACID

Bulb -- 100.0 Hermann, K. 1958. Flavonols and Phenols of the Onion (Allium cepa). Arch.Pharm. (Weinheim), 291: 238-247.

PHOSPHORUS Leaf 310.0 5513.0 0.1 *

Activities (4)

Antiosteoporotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AnxiolyticImmunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Osteogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

PHOSPHORUS Bulb 275.0 4038.0 -1.0 *

Activities (4)

Antiosteoporotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AnxiolyticImmunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Osteogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

PHYTOHORMONE Bulb -- -- *

PHYTOSTEROLS Bulb 150.0 1455.0 1.0 *

Activities (2)

AntiprostatoticHypocholesterolemic

POLYSACCHARIDES Bulb 100000.0 400000.0 *

POTASSIUM Bulb 1514.0 22164.0 1.0 *


Activities (14)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiarrhythmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifatigue Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntispasmodic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntistrokeAnxiolyticBeta-BlockerCardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mgCardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/dayDiureticHypotensiveVasodilator

PROLINE Bulb 370.0 4033.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

PROP-CIS-ENYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE

Bulb -- -- Kimura, K., Nishimura, H., Kimura, I., Iwata, I., Mizutani, J. 1984. FlavorComponents of Roasted Onion. I. Changes in Flavor Components of Onion byRoasting. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi, 37(4): 343-347.

PROP-CIS-ENYL-PROPYL-TRISULFIDE


PROP-TRANS-ENYL-PROPYL-DISULFIDE


PROP-TRANS-ENYL-PROPYL-TRISULFIDE


PROPAN-1-OL Bulb -- -- *

PROPANAL Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

PROPANE-1-THIOL Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.

PROPIONAL Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1962. The Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 22: 3978.

PROPIONALDEHYDE Leaf -- -- Burtsev, A. F., Pashchenko, T. W., Rik, G. R. 1974. Mass-Spectrometric Analysisof Volatile Phytonocide Substances of Cucumber and Common Onion Leaves.Fiziol Biokhim Kul't Rast, 6: 516-.

Activities (2)

FLavor FEMA 5-12 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

PROPIONALDEHYDE Bulb -- -- Wilkens, W. F. 1964. Isolation and Identification of the LachrymogenicCompound of Onion. Cornell Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. No., 385: 31 pp.

Activities (2)

FLavor FEMA 5-12 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPerfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

PROSTAGLANDIN-A Bulb -- -- Pobozsny, K., Tetenyi, P., Hethelyi, I., Kocsar, L., Mann, V. 1979. BiologicallyActive Substances: Investigations into the Prostaglandin Content of AlliumSpecies. I. Herba Hung, 18(2): 71-81.

PROSTAGLANDIN-A-1 Bulb -- 1.0 *

Activities (2)

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Hypotensive Martindale's 28th

PROSTAGLANDIN-B Bulb -- -- Pobozsny, K., Tetenyi, P., Hethelyi, I., Kocsar, L., Mann, V. 1979. BiologicallyActive Substances: Investigations into the Prostaglandin Content of AlliumSpecies. I. Herba Hung, 18(2): 71-81.


PROSTAGLANDIN-E-1 Bulb -- -- Ustunes, L., Claeys, M., Laekeman, G., Herman, A.G., Vlietinck, A.J., Ozer, A.1985. Isolation and Identification of Two Isomeric Trihydroxy OctadecenoicAcids with Prostaglandin E-Like Activity from Onion Bulbs(Allium cepa).Prostaglandins, 29(5):847-865

Activities (2)

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Vasodilator Merck 11th Edition

PROSTAGLANDIN-F Bulb -- -- Pobozsny, K., Tetenyi, P., Hethelyi, I., Kocsar, L., Mann, V. 1979. BiologicallyActive Substances: Investigations into the Prostaglandin Content of AlliumSpecies. I. Herba Hung, 18(2): 71-81.

PROTEIN Leaf 18000.0 231000.0 0.19 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

PROTEIN Bulb 10940.0 162000.0 -1.0 *

PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.


Activities (43)

AllergenicAlpha-Glucosidase-Inhibitor

AntiLegionellaAntiarrhythmic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,

Philadelphia Pa., page 407.AntiasthmaticAntibacterial Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5):

198.AnticlastogenAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiherpeticAntiinflammatory Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antiischemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntileukemicAntimelanogenicID60=0.5 uM/mlAntimutagenicAntiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant 2/3quercetinAntioxidant 10 xalpha-tocopherolAntioxidant 1/2 BHTAntiperoxidantIC50=>100 uM

Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.

AntiperoxidantIC75=200 ug/mlAntiradicularAntisepticAntispasmodicEC50=4.6-17 uM

Ortiz de Urbina, J.J., Martin, M.L., Sevilla, M.A., Montero, M.J., Carron, R., and San Roman, L. Antispasmodic Activity on Rat Smooth Muscle ofPolyphenol Compounds Caffeic and Protocathechic Acids. Phytotherapy Research 4(2): 73, 1990.

Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Mouth)Antitumor (Skin)Antitussive Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,

Philadelphia Pa., page 200.AntiviralApoptoticCarcinogenicCardioprotectiveChemopreventive100 ppm orl ratFungicide 500 ug/ml Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Glutathione-DepletingHepatotoxicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.NephrotoxicPesticidePhagocytotic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.ProstaglandigenicSecretogogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.Tyrosinase-InhibitorID60=0.5 uM/mlUbiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.

PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID Bulb 4500.0 17540.0 *


Activities (43)

Allergenic

Alpha-Glucosidase-InhibitorAntiLegionellaAntiarrhythmic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,

Philadelphia Pa., page 407.AntiasthmaticAntibacterial Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5):

198.AnticlastogenAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiherpeticAntiinflammatory Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antiischemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntileukemicAntimelanogenicID60=0.5 uM/mlAntimutagenicAntiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant 2/3quercetinAntioxidant 10 xalpha-tocopherolAntioxidant 1/2 BHTAntiperoxidantIC50=>100 uM


AntiperoxidantIC75=200 ug/mlAntiradicularAntisepticAntispasmodicEC50=4.6-17 uM

Ortiz de Urbina, J.J., Martin, M.L., Sevilla, M.A., Montero, M.J., Carron, R., and San Roman, L. Antispasmodic Activity on Rat Smooth Muscle ofPolyphenol Compounds Caffeic and Protocathechic Acids. Phytotherapy Research 4(2): 73, 1990.

Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Mouth)Antitumor (Skin)Antitussive Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,

Philadelphia Pa., page 200.AntiviralApoptoticCarcinogenicCardioprotectiveChemopreventive100 ppm orl ratFungicide 500 ug/ml Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Glutathione-DepletingHepatotoxicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.NephrotoxicPesticidePhagocytotic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.ProstaglandigenicSecretogogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.Tyrosinase-InhibitorID60=0.5 uM/mlUbiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.

PUFA Bulb 620.0 6005.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (4)

AntiMS Martindale's 28thAntiacne Martindale's 28thAntieczemic Martindale's 28thAntipolyneuritic Martindale's 28th

PYROCATECHOL Bulb -- -- Hermann, K. 1958. Flavonols and Phenols of the Onion (Allium cepa). Arch.Pharm. (Weinheim), 291: 238-247.


Activities (12)

Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and CellCultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.

Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effectson Health, Ch.7 p.93.

Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.AntisepticCNS-Stimulant 5 mg/kgivn cat

Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P.O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.

Cardiovascular 100 mg/kgivn dog


Dermatitigenic Merck 11th EditionDye Merck 11th EditionInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.PesticideQuinone-Reductase-Inducer


PYRUVIC-ACID Fruit Juice -- 1034.0 Morgan, E. J. 1946. Pyruvic Acid in the Juice of Onion (Allium cepa). Nature(London), 157: 512.

Activities (1)

FLavor FEMA 1-110 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

PYRUVIC-ACID Fruit -- 1034.0 *

Activities (1)


PYRUVIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Malkki, Y., Nikkila, O. E., Aalto, M. 1978. The Composition and Aroma of Onionsand Influencing Factors. J. Sci. Agr. Soc. Finland, 50: 103-.

Activities (1)


QUERCETIN Bulb -- 48100.0 1.0 *

Activities (176)

11B-HSD-Inhibitor5-Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50 (uM)=4ATPase-Inhibitor Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC70-96=10 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses ofTheir Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.84ug/ml cow

Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin andFlavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.344 uM

Mao, X. M., Zhang, J. Q. 1993. Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Extracts of Chinese Herbal Medicine. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi , 18(10): 623-624.

Allelochemic IC82=1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: RecentAdvances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Allergenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

AnalgesicAntiCrohn's 400mg/man/3x/day


AntiGTF ID50=120 ug/mlAntiHIVAntiPMS 500mg/2x/day/wmn


Antiaflatoxin IC50=25uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=7.5ppmAntiaggregant IC50=55uM

Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 333.

Antiaggregant 30 uMAntiaging


Antiallergic IC50=14 uM Jim Duke's personal files.AntialzheimeranAntianaphylactic Meli, R., Autore, G., Di Carlo, G., Capasso, F. Inhibitory Action of Quercetin on Intestinal Transit in Mice. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 201, 1990.AntiangiogenicAntiarthriticAntiasthmatic IC50=14uMAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Anticarcinomic (Breast)IC50=1.5 uM

Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)

Anticariogenic ID50=120ug/mlAnticataractAnticolitic 400mg/man/3x/day


AnticomplementaryAnticystitic 1,000mg/day/4 weeksAntidepressantAntidermatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntidiabeticAntielastase IC50=0.8ug/mlAntiencephalitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199.AntiescherichicAntiestrogenicAntifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: RecentAdvances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

AntifibrosarcomicAntiflu Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Antigastric Rastitel'nye Resursy, 21: 85.Antigonadotropic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihepatotoxic Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A

Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.Antiherpetic 48-150ug/mlAntihistaminic IC50=<10uMAntihydrophobic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Antihypertensive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antiinflammatory 20-150mg/kg

Fitoterapia No.5-1990.

Antileishmanic IC50=64

Antileukemic IC50=10uM


Antileukemic IC50=>10ug/ml

Life Sciences 55: 1061.

Antileukemic 5.5-60 uMAntileukotriene Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntilipoperoxidantIC67=50Antimalarial IC50=1-6.4ug/ml

Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.

AntimelanomicAntimetastaticAntimutagenic ID50=2-5nM


AntimutagenicID50=0.62 ug/mlAntimyocarditic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199.AntinitrosaminicAntinociceptiveAntioxidant IC96=300ppm


Antioxidant ED50=2.3uM

Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L.Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98.

Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC47=10 uMAntipancreatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiperistalticAntipermeabilityAntiperoxidant Planta Medica, 57: A110, 1991.Antipharyngitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).


Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64AntipodriacAntipolio Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiproliferant 10 nMAntiprostanoidAntiprostatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiradicular IC50=4.6uM

Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.

AntispasmodicAntistreptococcicID50=120 ug/mlAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.AntithrombicAntitrypanosomicIC50=13Antitumor 10 uMAntitumor (Bladder)Antitumor (Breast)Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Ovary)Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor-Promoter Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiulcerAntiviral IC50=10 uM Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 225.Antiviral 48-150 ug/ml Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture.

Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992.Apoptotic 20-60 uM

Bacteristat 10 mg/mlBradycardiac Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.COMT-InhibitorCOX-2-Inhibitor <40 uMCalmodulin-Antagonist Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCapillariprotective Merck 11th EditionCarcinogenic 40,000ppm (diet) mus

Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

CatabolicCopper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A2-InhibitorCytotoxic ED50=70ug/ml

Matsukawa, Y., et al. The Effect of Quercetin and Other Flavonoids on Cell Cycle Progresssion and Growth of Human Gastric Cancer Cells. PlantaMedica, 56(6): 677, 1990.

Cytotoxic IC82=100ug/ml


Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.Differentiator 5.5 uMEstrogenic 10% genisteinFungicideGlucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/mlHIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1ug/ml

Nakane, H., Fukushima, M., and Ono*, K. Differential Inhibition Of Reverse Transcriptase And Various DNA Polymerases By Digallic Acid And ItsDerivatives. Journal of Natural Products, 53(5): 1234-1240, 1990.

Hemostat Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Hepatomagenic 5,000ppm (diet) rat


HepatoprotectiveHypoglycemic 100 mg/kgorl rat

Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

InotropicInsulinogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Juvabional Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC11=1.25 mM


Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=0.1-5 uM


MAO-A-InhibitorMMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMast-Cell-StabilizerMetal-Chelator (Copper) Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L.

Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98.Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uMMutagenicNADH-Oxidase-InhibitorNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-Inhibitor IC>50=125uMNO-Inhibitor IC50=20 uMNO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uMNeuroprotective 5-25 uMOrnithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uMP450-Inducer 5 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.

P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.PGE2-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uMPesticidePhospholipase-InhibitorPlasmodicide Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.ProliferantProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml

Ibewuike, J. C., Ogungbamila, F. O., Ogundaini, A. O., Okeke, I. N., Bohlin, L. 1997. Antiinflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of C-methylflavonol from Piliostigma thonningii. Phytotherapy Research, 11(4): 281-284.

Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor

Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. PhenolicCompounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.

Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 6 uM

Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in MurineHepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.

Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.11 uMTeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=12.8ug/mlTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=42 uMTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9ug/mlTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=23-40 uMTumorigenic 0.1% dietorl rat/yr


Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=70 uMTyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.VEGF-InhibitorVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4ug/ml

Chem. & Pharm. Bull. 38: 1772.

Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=10.6ug/mlXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 3.1 uMcAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor


iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=20uM

QUERCETIN-3,4'-DI-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Bulb 1700.0 5600.0 *

QUERCETIN-3,4'-DIGLUCOSIDE Bulb -- -- *

Activities (2)

AntioxidantAntiradicular


QUERCETIN-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Bulb -- 40.0 Abstract (See species file)

Activities (2)

Antiinflammatory Planta Medica, 56(6): 660, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

QUERCETIN-3-O-SOPHOROSIDE-7-O-GLUCURONIDE

Epidermis -- -- Urushibara, S. I., Kitayama, Y., Watanabe, T., Okuno, T., Watarai, A.,Matsumoto, T. 1992. New Flavonol Glycosides, Major Determinants Inducing theGreen Fluorescence in the Guard Cells of Allium cepa. Tetrahedron Lett., 33(9):1213-1216.

QUERCETIN-4',7-DI-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Bulb -- 160.0 *

QUERCETIN-4-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Bulb 100.0 800.0 *

QUINIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *

Activities (1)

Choleretic Fitoterapia No.5-1986.

RAFFINOSE Bulb -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (1)

Flatugenic Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecumL.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.

RAFFINOSE Leaf -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (1)

Flatugenic Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecumL.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.

RHAMNOSE Bulb -- -- Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical Examination of Allium cepa. I. Glycosidic and SugarFractions. Indian J. Appl. Chem., 22: 89-91.

RIBOFLAVIN Bulb 0.4 15.0 1.0 *

Activities (15)

AntiLyme 50 mg/dayAntiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl Martindale's 28thAnticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 15 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AnticephalagicAnticervicaldysplasic 1.6-10 mg/dayAnticheiliticAntidecubiticAntiglossitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntikeratiticAntimigraineAntioxidantAntipellagricAntiphotophobic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

RIBOSE Bulb -- -- Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical Examination of Allium cepa. I. Glycosidic and SugarFractions. Indian J. Appl. Chem., 22: 89-91.

RUBIDIUM Bulb 0.14 6.6 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980

RUTIN Bulb -- 14000.0 *

Activities (87)

5-HT-Inhibitor

Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC27-52=10 uM


Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses ofTheir Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

AllelochemicAntiCVI 270 mg/man/dayAntiaggregant ED50=33nmol/kg ivAntiallergicAntiapoplecticAntiatherogenicAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AnticancerAnticapillary-Fragility 20-100 mg orl man

Merck 7th Ed.

AnticataractAnticlastogenAnticonvulsant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antidementia Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp.Antidermatitic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Antidiabetic Jin, G-Z., Yamagata, Y., and Tomita, K.-i. 1989. Structure of Rutin Pentamethanol. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(2): 297-300, 1990.Antiedemic 270 mg/dayorl manAntierythemicAntifeedantAntiglaucomic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntihematuricAntihemorrhoidalAntihepatotoxic Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY.

665 pp.Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.AntihistaminicAntihypertensive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antiinflammatory 20mg/kgAntimalarial IC50=>100ug/ml

Khalid, S.A., Farouk, A., Geary**, T.G., and Jensen, J.B. 1985. Potential Antimalarial Candidates From African Plants: An In Vitro Approach UsingPlasmodium falciparum*. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 15: 201-209, 1986.

AntimelanomicAntimetastaticAntimutagenic ID50=2-5nMAntinephriticAntinociceptiveAntioxidant IC28=30ppmAntioxidant IC50=120 uMAntioxidant IC54=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC50=10-20 uMAntiplateletAntiproliferant 50-75 uM/lAntiprotozoalAntipurpuricAntiradicular 9 xquercetinAntispasmodicAntisunburnAntithrombogenicEC50=500 nM

Antithyroid IC50=68 uMAntitrypanosomic 100mg/kg


AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntivaricoseAntiviralApoptotic 75 uM/lCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Capillariprotective Merck 11th EditionCatabolicChemopreventive


Cytoprotective IC50=3uMEstrogenic? Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.HemostatHepatomagenic 20,000ppm (diet) rat


Hepatoprotective 20mg/kg ratHypocholesterolemic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Hypotensive Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.ImmunomodulatorInsecticide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY.

665 pp.Insectiphile Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Larvistat IC95=4,000-8,000 ppm diet

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: RecentAdvances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC75=2.5 mM


Mutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.MyoprotectiveMyorelaxant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.PAF-InhibitorPesticideProtisticideRadioprotectiveSunscreenTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1 ug/ml

Bernard, F. X., Sable, S., Cameron, B., Provost, J., Desnottes, J. F., Crouzet, J., Blanche, F. 1997. Glycosylated Flavones as Selective Inhibitors ofTopoisomerase IV. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, 41: 992-998.

VasodilatorVasopressorcAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor


S-(2-CARBOXY-PROPYL)-GLUTATHIONE

Bulb -- 125.0 -1.0 Tsuboi, S., Kishimoto, S., Ohmori, S. 1989. S-(2-carboxypropyl)glutathione inVegetables in Liliflorae. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37(3): 611-615.

S-(BETA-CARBOXY-BETA-METHYL-ETHYL)-CYSTEINE

Bulb -- -- Virtamen, A. I., Matikkala, E. J. 1960. New Gamma-Glutamyl Peptides in Onion(Allium cepa). I. Gamma-glutamylphenylalanine and gamma-glutamyl-s-(beta-carboxy-beta-methylethyl)-cysteinylglycine. Suomen Kemistilehti, 33B: 83-84.

S-(BETA-CARBOXYBETA-METHYL-ETHER)-CYSTEINE

Bulb -- -- *

S-ALLYL-CYSTEINE Bulb -- -- Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E. 1957. Studies on Sulfur Compounds from Onion. Diss.Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-1457.

S-METHYL-CYSTEINE Bulb -- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugsand Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., EssexUK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

S-METHYL-CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE Bulb -- -- Kumari, K., Augusti, K. T. 1995. Antidiabetic Effects of S-MethylcysteineSulphoxide on Alloxan Diabetes. Planta Medica, 61(1): 72-74.

Activities (2)

AntidiabeticAntihypercholesterolemic

S-PROP-1-ENYL-CYSTEINE-S-OXIDE

Bulb -- 26.0 *

S-PROPYL-CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE Bulb -- -- Renis, H. E., Henze, R. E. 1957. Studies on Sulfur Compounds from Onion. Diss.Abstr. Int. B, 17: 1456-1457.

SALICYLATES Bulb 1.0 20.0 1.0 *


Activities (7)

Antiaggregant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Antiinflammatory Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Antipyretic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Antiuricosuric Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Hyperglycemic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Hypoglycemic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Uricosuric Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

SAPONIN Bulb -- -- *

SAPONINS Bulb -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.

Activities (5)

AntihepatomicAntimutagenicAntitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Ovary)Immunomodulator

SATIOMEM Bulb -- -- Upreti, R. K., Ahmad, S., Shukla, S., Kidwai, A. M. 1994. ExperimentalAnorexigenic Effect of a Membrane Proteoglycan Isolated from Plants. J.Ethnopharmacology, 42(1): 53-61.

SELENIUM Bulb 0.001 0.003 -1.0 *

Activities (60)

AP-1-Inhibitor 2-50 uMAnalgesic 200 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anorexic Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally

Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.AntiHIVAntiNF-kBAntiacne 200 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiaggregant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiangiogenic 2 uMAntiangiogenic 230 ug/kg orlrat

AntiarthriticAntiasthmaticAntiatheroscleroticAnticataract 400 ug/dayAnticirrhotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticlimacteric 200 ug/dayAnticoronary 200 ug/dayAntidandruff Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidepressant 200 ug/dayAntidote (Mercury) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifibrotic 400 ugAntigout 200 ugAntikeshan Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antileukemic 1.6 mg/kg iprmusAntileukotriene Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntimaculiticAntimelanomic 480 ug/kgAntimenopausal 200 ug/dayAntimetastatic 480 ug/kgAntimyalgic 200 ug/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoarthriticAntioxidant 100-200 (-400)ug/man/dayAntiparkinsonian 200-400ug/dayAntiproliferant 2 uM


Antiradicular 100-200 (-400)ug/man/day


AntirheumaticAntisyndrome-X 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day


Antitumor 100-200 (-400)ug/man/day


Antitumor (Breast) 333.6ug/dayAntitumor (Breast) 0.8 mg/kgscu musAntitumor (Breast) 150 ug/kgdiet ratAntitumor (Breast) 230 ug/kgorl ratAntitumor (Lung) 240 ug/kgdietAntitumor (Prostate)Antitumor (brain) 38-150ug/kgAntiulcerogenic Rafatullah, S., Tariq, M., Al-Yahya, M.A., Mossa, J.S., and Ageel, A.M. 1989. Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) for Gastric and

Duodenal Antiulcer Activity in Rats. J. of Ethnopharmacology, 29: 25-34, 1990.AnxiolyticApoptoticCancer-Preventive Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Cardioprotective 200 ug/dayDepressant Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally

Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.Fungicide Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day


NF-kB-InhibitorOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticide

Polyamine-Synthesis-InhibitorProstaglandin-Sparer Fujita, T., Nakatani, E., Funaishi, N., Sakuma, S., Fujimoto, Y. Potent inhibition of prostaglandin inactivation in rabbit gastric antral mucosal

slices by selenium ions in-vitro. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 655-657, 1990.Protein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC50=2-50 uMVEGF-Inhibitor

SELENO-HOME-CYSTINE Plant -- -- *

SELENO-HOMOCYSTINE Plant -- -- Hamilton, J. W. 1975. Chemical Examination of Seleniferous Onions, Alliumcepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci., 30: 189-.

SELENO-METHIONINE Plant -- -- Hamilton, J. W. 1975. Chemical Examination of Seleniferous Onions, Alliumcepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci., 30: 189-.

SELENO-METHIONINE Bulb -- -- *

SELENO-METHYL-SELENOCYSTEINE

Bulb -- -- *

SELENO-METHYL-SELENOCYSTEINE

Plant -- -- Hamilton, J. W. 1975. Chemical Examination of Seleniferous Onions, Alliumcepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci., 30: 189-.

SELENO-METHYL-SELENOMETHIONINE

Bulb -- -- *

SELENO-METHYL-SELENOMETHIONINE

Plant -- -- Hamilton, J. W. 1975. Chemical Examination of Seleniferous Onions, Alliumcepa. Adv. Front Plant Sci., 30: 189-.

SELENOSIDE Plant -- -- *

SERINE Bulb 350.0 3815.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (1)

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

SFA Bulb 260.0 2520.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

SILICON Bulb 1.0 75.0 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980


Activities (4)

Antiarteriosclerotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntionychyoticAntiosteoporoticCardioprotective

SILVER Bulb 0.038 0.054 *

Activities (3)

Antibacterial Martindale's 28thAstringentPesticide

SINAPIC-ACID Root -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (9)


Antihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antioxidant IC27=30 ppmAntiperoxynitrite IC39=5uM

Antiperoxynitrite IC60=20uMAntiperoxynitrite IC75=100uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Fungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Pesticide

SINAPIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (9)



Antioxidant IC27=30 ppmAntiperoxynitrite IC39=5uMAntiperoxynitrite IC60=20uMAntiperoxynitrite IC75=100uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Fungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


SINAPIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Das, V. S. R., Rao, J. V. S. 1964. Phenolic Acids of Onion Plant. Curr. Sci., 33(15):471-472.

Activities (9)



Antioxidant IC27=30 ppmAntiperoxynitrite IC39=5uMAntiperoxynitrite IC60=20uMAntiperoxynitrite IC75=100uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Fungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


SODIUM Bulb 8.0 2052.0 1.41 *


Activities (1)

Hypertensive Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

SODIUM-PROP-CIS-1-ENYL-THIOSULFATE

Bulb -- -- Yamato, O., Yoshihara, T., Ichihara, A., Maede, Y. 1994. Novel Heinz BodyHemolysis Factors in Onion (Allium cepa). Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58(1): 221-222.

SODIUM-PROP-TRANS-1-ENYL-THIOSULFATE

Bulb -- -- Yamato, O., Yoshihara, T., Ichihara, A., Maede, Y. 1994. Novel Heinz BodyHemolysis Factors in Onion (Allium cepa). Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58(1): 221-222.

SODIUM-PROPYL-THIOSULFATE Bulb -- -- Yamato, O., Yoshihara, T., Ichihara, A., Maede, Y. 1994. Novel Heinz BodyHemolysis Factors in Onion (Allium cepa). Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 58(1): 221-222.

SPIRAEOSIDE Bulb 10000.0 11300.0 *

Activities (4)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC9=1 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC51=10 uM

Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens AldoseReductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.

Antioxidant Okamura, H., Mimura, A., Yakou, Y., Niwano, M., and Takahara, Y. 1992. Antoxidant Activity of Tannins and Flavonoids in Eucalyptus rostrata.Phytochemistry. 33(3): 557-561. 1993.

Quinone-Reductase-Inducer


SPIRAEOSIDE Epidermis -- -- Ito, Y., Ono, M., Masuoka, C., Yahara, S., Nohara, T. 1995. HyaluronidaseInhibitors of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Skin. Kyushu Tokai Daigaku Nogakubu Kiyo,14: 43-48.

Activities (4)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC9=1 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC51=10 uM

Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens AldoseReductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.

Antioxidant Okamura, H., Mimura, A., Yakou, Y., Niwano, M., and Takahara, Y. 1992. Antoxidant Activity of Tannins and Flavonoids in Eucalyptus rostrata.Phytochemistry. 33(3): 557-561. 1993.

Quinone-Reductase-Inducer


STEARIC-ACID Bulb 20.0 195.0 *

Activities (8)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorCosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecicSuppository Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

STEARIC-ACID Seed -- 6300.0 -0.43 Wealth of India.

Activities (8)




London. 791 pp.

STEARIC-ACID Seed Oil -- 35000.0 -0.65 *


Activities (8)




London. 791 pp.

STIGMAST-7-EN-3-BETA-OL Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.

STIGMASTEROL Bulb -- 40.0 *

Activities (12)

AntihepatotoxicAntiinflammatory Lawrence Review of Natural Products, 1995AntinociceptiveAntiophidic 2.3 mgipr mus


Antioxidant IC33=10uMAntiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant

Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ArtemicideLC50=110 ppm

Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum.Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.EstrogenicHypocholesterolemic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.OvulantSedative

STIGMASTEROL Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.

Activities (12)

AntihepatotoxicAntiinflammatory Lawrence Review of Natural Products, 1995AntinociceptiveAntiophidic 2.3 mgipr mus






STIGMASTEROL Seed Oil -- -- Grujic-Injac, B., Basarevic-Dinic, L., Lajsic, S., Stefanovic, D. 1985. ChemicalAnalysis of Seed Oil of the Onion (Allium cepa). Hrana Ishrana, 25: 167-169(Inst Ishr Vet Fak Belgrade, Yugoslavia)


Activities (12)

Antihepatotoxic

Antiinflammatory Lawrence Review of Natural Products, 1995AntinociceptiveAntiophidic 2.3 mgipr mus






STRONTIUM Bulb 57.0 162.0 *

SUCCINIC-ACID Bulb -- -- Soldatenkov, S. V., Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev, A. N. 1960. Organic Acids ofOnion and Spinach. Trudy Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad Gosudarst Univ Im AAZhdanova, 18: 55-61.

Activities (7)

Additive FEMA 200-2,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAntifeedantBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Dye Merck 11th EditionPerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticide

SUCCINIC-ACID Leaf -- -- Soldatenkov, S. V., Mazurova, T. A., Ranteleev, A. N. 1960. Organic Acids ofOnion and Spinach. Trudy Petergof Biol. Inst., Leningrad Gosudarst Univ Im AAZhdanova, 18: 55-61.

Activities (7)

Additive FEMA 200-2,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAntifeedantBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Dye Merck 11th EditionPerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticide

SUCROSE Bulb -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (14)

Aggregant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antihiccup 1 tsp Martindale's 29thAntiophthalmic Martindale's 29thAntioxidant Merck 11th EditionAtherogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Collyrium Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Demulcent Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Flatugenic Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella

foenum graecum L.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.Hypercholesterolemic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

Preservative Merck 11th EditionSweetener 1 xsucrose

Merck 11th Edition

Triglycerigenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Uricogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Vulnerary Martindale's 29th


SUCROSE Leaf -- -- Osman, S. A. 1980. Chemical and Biological Studies of Onion and Garlic in anAttempt to Isolate a Hypoclycaemic Extract. Abstr. 4th Asian Symp. Med. PlantsSpices Bangkok, Thailand, September 15-19: 117.

Activities (14)

Aggregant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antihiccup 1 tsp Martindale's 29thAntiophthalmic Martindale's 29thAntioxidant Merck 11th EditionAtherogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Collyrium Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Demulcent Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Flatugenic Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella

foenum graecum L.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.Hypercholesterolemic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Preservative Merck 11th EditionSweetener 1 xsucrose

Merck 11th Edition

Triglycerigenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Uricogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Vulnerary Martindale's 29th

SUGARS Bulb -- -- Malkki, Y., Nikkila, O. E., Aalto, M. 1978. The Composition and Aroma of Onionsand Influencing Factors. J. Sci. Agr. Soc. Finland, 50: 103-.

SULFUR Bulb 80.0 4075.0 -1.0 *

Activities (14)

AcarifugeAntiacne Martindale's 29thAntiarthritic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidandruff Martindale's 29thAntigrey Martindale's 29thAntiosteoarthritic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiseborrheic Martindale's 29thAntiseptic Martindale's 29thComedogenic Martindale's 29thKeratolytic Martindale's 29thLaxative Martindale's 29thParasiticide Martindale's 29thPesticideScabicide Martindale's 29th

TARTARIC-ACID Bulb -- -- *

Activities (6)

Acidifier Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791pp.

Additive Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAntioxidantSynergist

Martindale's 29th

FLavor FEMA500-10,000


Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets forResearch and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

Sequestrant Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

THIAMIN Leaf 0.5 6.4 -0.4 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses


Activities (31)

Analgesic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mgAntialcoholic 50-100 mg/dayAntialzheimeran 100-3,000mg/day


Antianorectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antibackache 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiberiberiAnticankerAnticardiospasmicAnticataractAnticoliticAntidecubiticAntideliriantAntidementiaAntidyspepticAntiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antigastritic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntiheartburnAntiherpeticAntimigraineAntimyocarditicAntineuralgic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineurasthenicAntineuriticAntineuropathic 50 mg Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntipoliomyeliticInsectifuge 75-150mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

NeuroprotectivePesticide

THIAMIN Bulb 0.3 6.0 -1.0 *


Activities (31)

Analgesic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mgAntialcoholic 50-100 mg/dayAntialzheimeran 100-3,000mg/day


Antianorectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antibackache 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiberiberiAnticankerAnticardiospasmic

AnticataractAnticoliticAntidecubiticAntideliriantAntidementiaAntidyspepticAntiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antigastritic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntiheartburnAntiherpeticAntimigraineAntimyocarditicAntineuralgic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineurasthenicAntineuriticAntineuropathic 50 mg Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntipoliomyeliticInsectifuge 75-150mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

NeuroprotectivePesticide

THIOPROPANAL-S-OXIDE Bulb -- -- *

THIOPROPIONAL-S-OXIDE Bulb -- -- *

THREONINE Bulb 280.0 3052.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (4)

Antioxidant?Antiulcer Martindale's 29thEssential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.FLavor FEMA1,000


TITANIUM Bulb 0.38 11.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

TRANS-1-(1-PROPENYL-DITHIO)-PROPANE

EssentialOil


TRANS-1-(PROPENYL-DITHIO)-PROPANE

EssentialOil

-- -- *

TRANS-2,3-DIMETHYL-5,6-DITHIA-CYCLO(2,2,1)HEPTANE-5-OXIDE

Bulb -- -- Dorsch,W.,et.al.1988.Anti-Asthmatic Effects of Onions. Alk(en)ylsufinothoic AcidAlk(en)yl-Esters Inhib. Histamine Rel. Leukotriene & Thromboxane Biosyn. inVitro and Counteract PAF & Allergen-Ind. Bronch. Obst. in Vivo. Biochem.Pharmacol., 37:4479-4486.

TRANS-3,5-DIETHYL-1,2,4,-TRITHIOLANE

Leaf -- -- Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)

TRANS-5-ETHYL-4,6,7-TRITHIA-2-DECENE-4-S-OXIDE

Bulb -- -- *


Activities (4)

5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor

Antiallergic 10-100 mg/kgAntiasthmatic 10-100 mg/kgCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor

TRANS-CIS-5-ETHYL-4,6,7-TRITHIA-2,8-DECADIENE-4-S-OXIDE

Bulb -- -- *

TRANS-METHYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-ACID-S-1-PROPENYLESTER

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (4)


TRANS-N-PROPYLSULPHINOTHIOIC-ACID-S-1-PROPENYLESTER

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (4)


TRANS-S-(1-PROPENYL)-CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE

Bulb -- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugsand Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., EssexUK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

TRANS-TRANS-5-ETHYL-4,6,7-TRITHIA-2,8-DECADIENE-4-S-OXIDE

Bulb -- -- *

Activities (4)


TRIDECAN-2-ONE Bulb -- -- Wealth of India.

TRIGONELLINE Seed -- 13.0 -0.47 Evans, L. S., Tramontano, W. A. 1984. Trigonelline and Promotion of Cell Arrestin G2 of Various Legumes. Phytochemistry, 23(9): 1837-1840.

Activities (15)

Anticancer (Cervix) Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

Anticancer (Liver) Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

Antihyperglycemic Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.AntimigraineAntiseptic Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.Antitumor (Cervix)Antitumor (Liver)Epidermal-StimulantHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemic 500-3,000mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

Hypoglycemic 50 mg/kg orlrat

Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,London. 296pp.

MutagenicOsmoregulatorPesticidePropecic


TRYPTOPHAN Bulb 170.0 1853.0 1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (29)

Analgesic 750mg/4x/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

Antianxiety 500-1,000 mg/meal Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidementia 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidepressant 1-3g/3x/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

Antidyskinetic 2-8g/orl/wmn/day

Martindale's 29th

Antihypertensive J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.Antiinsomniac 1-3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antimanic 12 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimenopausal 6 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antimigraine 500mg/man/4x/day

Martindale's 29th

Antioxidant 125 ug/mlAntiparkinsonian 2 g 3 x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiphenylketonuric Martindale's 29thAntiprostaglandin 250 pg/mlAntipsychotic 12 g/man/day Martindale's 29thAntirheumatic Martindale's 29thAntiscolioticCarcinogenic CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate AnalysesEssential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Hypnotic Martindale's 29thHypoglycemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.Hypotensive 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Insulinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.Insulinotonic J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.Monoamine-Precursor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Prolactinogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Sedative 3-10 g/man/daySerotoninergic 6-12g/day/orl/man

Martindale's 28th

Tumor-Promoter J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.

TSEPOSIDES Seed -- -- Kintia, P. K., Degtiaryova, L. P., Balashova, N. N., Shvets, S. A. 1987. Sterols andSteroidal Glycosides of Bulb Onion Seeds. Fecs. Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechol. Biol.Act. Nat. Prod., (Proc.) 3rd: 166-170.

TULIPOSIDE-A Root -- -- Slob, A., Jekel, B., De Jong, B., Schlatmann, E. 1975. On the Occurrence ofTuliposides in the Liliiflorae. Phytochemistry, 14: 1997-2005.

Activities (1)

Antiallergic

TULIPOSIDE-B Root -- -- Slob, A., Jekel, B., De Jong, B., Schlatmann, E. 1975. On the Occurrence ofTuliposides in the Liliiflorae. Phytochemistry, 14: 1997-2005.

TYROSINE Bulb 290.0 3161.0 -1.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (8)

Antidepressant?Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntiparkinsonian 100mg/kg/day


Antiphenylketonuric Martindale's 29thAntiulcer 256 mg scu Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P.

O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.Antiulcer 400 mg/kg iprrat


Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Monoamine-Precursor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

VALINE Bulb 270.0 2943.0 -1.0 *


Activities (3)

Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thEssentialFLavor FEMA 1,000-2,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

VANILLIC-ACID Bulb -- 258.0 1.0 *

Activities (24)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM/lAllelopathicAnthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antibacterial 1.5-15mg/ml

Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978-1988,Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.

AnticancerAntifatigueAntiinflammatory Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntileukemicIC50=25-56 ug/ml


Antioxidant IC21=30ppmAntioxidant 1/3 BHAAntiperoxidant IC15-65=100-200 ug/mlAntiradicular 7 xquercetinAntisepticAntisickling Planta Medica, 56(6): 681, 1990.AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAscaricideCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CholereticFungicideImmunosuppressantLaxative =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New

Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600ppPesticideUbiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.

VIT-B-6 Bulb 1.0 18.0 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

WATER Leaf -- 922000.0 0.57 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses

WATER Bulb 866000.0 918000.0 0.78 *

XYLITOL Bulb -- -- Counsell, J. N., Roberton, D. J. 1976. Xylitol-A Sweetener Which is Kind to theTeeth. Food Process Ind., 45(54): 24-26.

Activities (10)

Anticariogenic? Martindale's 28thAntihemolytic Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.Antiplaque? Martindale's 29thBilirubinolytic Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.Diuretic Martindale's 28thFlatulent Martindale's 29thHepatoprotective Fitoterapia No.5-1986.Hyperuricemic Martindale's 28thLaxative Martindale's 29thSweetener 1 x sucrose Merck 11th Edition

XYLOSE Bulb -- -- Sinha, A. 1959. Chemical Examination of Allium cepa. I. Glycosidic and SugarFractions. Indian J. Appl. Chem., 22: 89-91.

Activities (3)

AntidiabeticDiagnostic Martindale's 28thDye Merck 11th Edition


ZEAXANTHIN Bulb -- -- Granado, F., Olmedilla, B., Blanco, I., Rojas-Hidalgo, E. 1992. CarotenoidComposition in Raw and Cooked Spanish Vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem.,40(11): 2135-2140.

Activities (5)

Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and CellCultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.

Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and CellCultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.

Colorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

HepatoprotectiveQuinone-Reductase-Inducer


ZINC Seed -- 34.0 -0.32 *

Activities (77)

ACE-InhibitorAnalgesicAntiBPH 25-60 mg/dayAntiCrohn's Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiHIVAntiacne 135 mg/dayAntiacrodermatitic 8-34mg/day/orl/chd

Martindale's 29th

AntialcoholicAntialopecic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antialzheimeran 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiangiogenicAntianorexic Martindale's 29thAntiarthritic 50mg/3x/day/orl/manAnticanker 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 30 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticoeliac Martindale's 28thAnticold 50 mg Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticolitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticoronary 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidandruff Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntidementiaAntidiabetic 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Cadmium) Let's Live, May 1989.AntidysgeuzicAntieczemic 150 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntiepileptic 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antifibrotic 30 mgAntifuruncular 45mg/3x/day/man

Martindale's 28th

Antihangover 15 mgAntiherpetic? 25-60 mg/dayAntiimpotence Martindale's 29thAntiinfective 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinfertility 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antilepric Martindale's 29thAntileukonychicAntilymphomicAntimaculiticAntimetastaticAntineuropathicAntinyctalopicAntiobesity 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiosteoporoticAntiperiodontiticAntiplaque Martindale's 29thAntiprolactin Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic 50mg/man/day/orl



Antirheumatic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiseptic 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antispare-Tire 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antistomatitic 50mg/man/3x/day

Martindale's 28th

Antisyndrome-X 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antitinnitic 60-120 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antitriglyceride 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiulcer 50 mg/3x/day/man Martindale's 28thAntiulcer 88 mg/rat/day/15 daysAntiviral? Martindale's 29thAstringent Martindale's 28thCollagenicCopper-Antagonist Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Deodorant Martindale's 29thDetoxicant (Alcohol)ErgogenicHypotensive 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Immunosuppressant 300mg/day/6 wks/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

Insulinogenic 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Leptingenic 30-60 mg/man/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Mucogenic Li, K.M. Effect of zinc sulphate on acetic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 657-659, 1990.NF-kB-InhibitorPesticideSpermigenic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Testosteronigenic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Trichomonicide Martindale's 29thVulnerary Martindale's 28th

ZINC Bulb 2.0 53.0 1.41 *

Activities (77)

ACE-InhibitorAnalgesicAntiBPH 25-60 mg/dayAntiCrohn's Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiHIVAntiacne 135 mg/dayAntiacrodermatitic 8-34mg/day/orl/chd

Martindale's 29th

AntialcoholicAntialopecic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antialzheimeran 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiangiogenicAntianorexic Martindale's 29thAntiarthritic 50mg/3x/day/orl/manAnticanker 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 30 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticoeliac Martindale's 28thAnticold 50 mg Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticolitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticoronary 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidandruff Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntidementiaAntidiabetic 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Cadmium) Let's Live, May 1989.AntidysgeuzicAntieczemic 150 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29th


Antiepileptic 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antifibrotic 30 mgAntifuruncular 45mg/3x/day/man

Martindale's 28th

Antihangover 15 mgAntiherpetic? 25-60 mg/dayAntiimpotence Martindale's 29thAntiinfective 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinfertility 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antilepric Martindale's 29th

AntileukonychicAntilymphomicAntimaculiticAntimetastaticAntineuropathicAntinyctalopicAntiobesity 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiosteoporoticAntiperiodontiticAntiplaque Martindale's 29thAntiprolactin Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic 50mg/man/day/orl


Antirheumatic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiseptic 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antispare-Tire 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antistomatitic 50mg/man/3x/day

Martindale's 28th

Antisyndrome-X 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antitinnitic 60-120 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antitriglyceride 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiulcer 50 mg/3x/day/man Martindale's 28thAntiulcer 88 mg/rat/day/15 daysAntiviral? Martindale's 29thAstringent Martindale's 28thCollagenicCopper-Antagonist Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Deodorant Martindale's 29thDetoxicant (Alcohol)ErgogenicHypotensive 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Immunosuppressant 300mg/day/6 wks/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

Insulinogenic 30 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Leptingenic 30-60 mg/man/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Mucogenic Li, K.M. Effect of zinc sulphate on acetic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 657-659, 1990.NF-kB-InhibitorPesticideSpermigenic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Testosteronigenic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Trichomonicide Martindale's 29thVulnerary Martindale's 28th

ZIRCONIUM Bulb 0.76 1.0 *


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