LISHEP09 J Hewett, SLAC Anticipating New Physics at the LHC.
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Transcript of LISHEP09 J Hewett, SLAC Anticipating New Physics at the LHC.
![Page 1: LISHEP09 J Hewett, SLAC Anticipating New Physics at the LHC.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bf941a28abf838c90088/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LISHEP09 J Hewett, SLAC
Anticipating New Physics at the LHC
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Why New Physics @ the Terascale?
• Electroweak Symmetry breaks at energies ~ 1 TeV (SM Higgs
or ???)
• WW Scattering unitarized at energies ~ 1 TeV (SM Higgs or ???)
• Gauge Hierarchy: Nature is fine-tuned or Higgs mass must be stabilized by
New Physics ~ 1 TeV
• Dark Matter: Weakly Interacting Massive Particle must have mass ~ 1 TeV to reproduce observed DM density
All things point to the Terascale!
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A Cellar of New Ideas
’67 The Standard Model
’77 Vin de Technicolor
’70’s Supersymmetry: MSSM
’90’s SUSY Beyond MSSM
’90’s CP Violating Higgs
’98 Extra Dimensions
’02 Little Higgs
’03 Fat Higgs
’03 Higgsless’04 Split Supersymmetry’05 Twin Higgs
a classic!aged to perfection
better drink now
mature, balanced, welldeveloped - the Wino’s choice
complex structure
sleeper of the vintagewhat a surprise!
svinters blend
all upfront, no finishlacks symmetry
young, still tannicneeds to develop
bold, peppery, spicyuncertain terrior
J. Hewett
finely-tuned
double the taste
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Last Minute Model Building
Anything Goes!
• Non-Communtative Geometries• Return of the 4th Generation• Hidden Valleys• Quirks – Macroscopic Strings• Lee-Wick Field Theories• Unparticle Physics• …..
(We stilll have a bit more time)
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The Hierarchy ProblemEnergy (GeV)
1019
1016
103
10-18Solar SystemGravity
Weak
GUT
Planckd
ese
rt
LHC
All of known physics
mH2 ~ ~
MPl2
Quantum Corrections:
Virtual Effects dragWeak Scale to MPl
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The Hierarchy Problem: Little Higgs
Energy (GeV)
1019
1016
103
10-18Solar SystemGravity
Weak
GUT
Planck
LHC
All of known physics
Stacks of Little Hierarchies
104 New Physics!
Simplest Model: The Littlest Higgs with 1 ~ 10 TeV 2 ~ 100 TeV 3 ~ 1000 TeV …..
105
106
.
.
.
New Physics!
New Physics!
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3-Scale Model
~ 10 TeV: New Strong Dynamics
Global Symmetry
f ~ /4 ~ TeV: Symmetires Broken
Pseudo-Goldstone Scalars New Gauge Fields New Fermions
v ~ f/4 ~ 100 GeV: Light Higgs
SM vector bosons & fermions
Sample Spectrum
Signal @ LHC
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The Hierarchy Problem: Extra Dimensions
Energy (GeV)
1019
1016
103
10-18Solar SystemGravity
Weak – Quantum Gravity
GUT
Planckd
ese
rt
LHC
All of known physics
Simplest Model: Large Extra Dimensions
= Fundamental scale in 4 + dimensions
MPl2 = (Volume) MD
2+
Gravity propagates in D = 3+1 + dimensions
Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulis, Dvali
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Kaluza-Klein Gravitons in a Detector
Mee [GeV]
Eve
nts
/ 50
GeV
/ 1
00 f
b-1
102
10
1
10-1
10-2
LHC
Indirect Signature
Missing Energy Signature
pp g + Gn
JLH Vacavant, Hinchliffe
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Signals for Gravitational Fixed Points
• Fixed point renders GR non-perturbatively renormalizable and asymptotically safe
• Gravity runs such that it becomes weaker at higher energies
• Collider signals if √s ~ MPl
• Graviton Exchange Modified
• Graviton Emission generally unaffected
• Parameterize by form factor in coupling
• Could reduce signal!
D=3+4M* = 4 TeV
SM
t=
1
0.5
JLH, Rizzo, arXiv:0707.3182Litim, Pheln, arXiv:0707.3983
Drell-Yan
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The Hierarchy Problem: Extra Dimensions
Energy (GeV)
1019
1016
103
10-18Solar SystemGravity
Weak
GUT
Planckd
ese
rt
LHC
All of known physics
Model II: Warped Extra Dimensions
wk = MPl e-kr
strong curvature
Randall, Sundrum
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Number of Events in Drell-Yan
For this same model embedded in a string theory: AdS5 x S
Kaluza-Klein Gravitons in a Detector: SM on the brane
Davoudiasl, JLH, Rizzo
Spin-2 resonances in Drell-Yan
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Kaluza-Klein Modes in a Detector: SM off the brane
Fermion wavefunctions in the bulk: decreased couplings to light fermions for gauge & graviton KK states
gg Gn ZZ
gg gn tt
Agashe, Davoudiasl, Perez, Soni hep-ph/0701186
-
Lillie, Randall, Wang, hep-ph/0701164
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Issue: Top Collimation
Lillie, Randall, Wang, hep-ph/0701164
gg gn tt-
g1 = 2 TeV g1 = 4 TeV
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The Hierarchy Problem: HiggslessEnergy (GeV)
1019
1016
103
10-18Solar SystemGravity
Weak
GUT
Planckd
ese
rt
LHC
All of known physics
Warped Extra Dimensions
wk = MPl e-kr
With NO Higgs boson!
strong curvature
Csaki, Grojean,Murayama, Pilo, Terning
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Framework: EW Symmetry Broken by Boundary Conditions
SU(2)L x SU(2)R x U(1)B-L in 5-d Warped bulk
Planckbrane TeV-brane
SU(2)R x U(1)B-L
U(1)Y
SU(2)L x SU(2)R
SU(2)D
SU(2) Custodial Symmetryis preserved!
WR, ZR get
Planckscale masses
W, Z get TeV scale masses left massless!
BC’s restricted by variation of the action at boundary
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Exchange gauge KK towers:
Conditions on KK masses & couplings:
(g1111)2 = k (g11k)2
4(g1111)2 M12 = k (g11k)2 Mk
2
Necessary, but not sufficient, to guarantee perturbative unitarity!Some tension with precision EW
Csaki etal, hep-ph/0305237
Unitarity in Gauge Boson Scattering: What do we do without a Higgs?
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Production of Gauge KK States @ LHC
gg, qq g1 dijets-
Davoudiasl, JLH, Lilllie, Rizzo Balyaev, Christensen
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Gauge Hierarchy Problem
Cosmological Constant Problem
Planck Scale
Weak Scale
CosmologicalScale
The Hierarchy Problem: Who Cares!!
We have much bigger Problems!
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Split Supersymmetry:
Energy (GeV) MGUT ~ 1016 GeV
MS : SUSY broken at high scale ~ 109-13 GeV
Mweak
1 light Higgs + Fermionsprotected by chiral symmetry
Scalars receive mass @ high scale
Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulis hep-ph/0405159Giudice, Romanino hep-ph/0406088
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Collider Phenomenology: Gluinos
• Pair produced via strong interactions as usual• Gluinos are long-lived• No MET signature• Form R hadrons• Monojet signature from gluon bremstrahlung
g~q~
q
q
10
Rate ~ 0, due to heavy squark masses!
Gluino pair + jet cross section
JLH, Lillie, Masip, Rizzo hep-ph/0408248
100 fb-1
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The Hierarchy Problem: Supersymmetry
Energy (GeV)
1019
1016
103
10-18Solar SystemGravity
Weak
GUT
Planckd
ese
rt
LHC
All of known physics
mH2 ~ ~
MPl2
Quantum Corrections:
Virtual Effects dragWeak Scale to MPl
mH2
~
~ - MPl2
boson
fermion
Large virtual effects cancel order by order in perturbation theory
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Supersymmetry With or Without Prejudice?
• The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model has ~120 parameters
• Studies/Searches incorporate simplified versions– Theoretical assumptions @ GUT scale– Assume specific SUSY breaking scenarios (mSUGRA,
GMSB, AMSB)– Small number of well-studied benchmark points
• Studies incorporate various data sets
• Does this adequately describe the true breadth of the MSSM and all its possible signatures?
• The LHC is turning on, era of speculation will end, and we need to be ready for all possible signals
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Most Analyses Assume CMSSM Framework
• CMSSM: m0, m1/2, A0, tanβ, sign μ
• Χ2 fit to some global data set
Prediction for Lightest Higgs MassFit to EW precision, B-physics observables, & WMAP
Ellis etal arXiv:0706.0652
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Spectrum for Best Fit CMSSM/NUHM Point
Buchmuller etal arXiv:0808.4128
NUHM includes two more parameters: MA, μ
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Gluinos at the Tevatron
• Tevatron gluino/squark analyses performed solely
for mSUGRA – constant ratio mgluino : mBino ≃ 6 : 1
Alwall, Le, Lisanti, Wacker arXiv:0803.0019
Gluino-Bino mass ratio determines kinematics
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More Comprehensive MSSM Analysis
• Study Most general CP-conserving MSSM– Minimal Flavor Violation– Lightest neutralino is the LSP– First 2 sfermion generations are degenerate w/
negligible Yukawas– No GUT, high-scale, or SUSY-breaking assumptions
• ⇒ pMSSM: 19 real, weak-scale parameters scalars:
mQ1, mQ3
, mu1, md1
, mu3, md3
, mL1, mL3
, me1, me3
gauginos: M1, M2, M3
tri-linear couplings: Ab, At, Aτ
Higgs/Higgsino: μ, MA, tanβ
Berger, Gainer, JLH, Rizzo, arXiv:0812.0980
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Perform 2 Random Scans
Linear Priors 107 points – emphasize
moderate masses
100 GeV msfermions 1 TeV
50 GeV |M1, M2, | 1 TeV
100 GeV M3 1 TeV
~0.5 MZ MA 1 TeV 1 tan 50|At,b,| 1 TeV
Log Priors 2x106 points – emphasize lower masses and extend to higher masses
100 GeV msfermions 3 TeV
10 GeV |M1, M2, | 3 TeV100 GeV M3 3 TeV
~0.5 MZ MA 3 TeV 1 tan 60
10 GeV ≤|A t,b,| 3 TeV
Absolute values account for possible phasesonly Arg (Mi ) and Arg (Af ) are physical
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• Check meson mixing
. Stops/sbottoms
2
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Set of Experimental Constraints
• Theoretical spectrum Requirements (no tachyons, etc)
• Precision measurements:– Δ, (Z→ invisible) – Δ(g-2) ??? (30.2 8.8) x 10-10 (0809.4062) (29.5 7.9) x 10-10 (0809.3085) → (-10 to 40) x 10-10 to be conservative..
• Flavor Physics– b →s , B →τν, Bs →μμ
– Meson-Antimeson Mixing : Constrains 1st/3rd sfermion mass ratios to be < 5 in MFV context
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Set of Experimental Constraints Cont.
• Dark Matter– Direct Searches: CDMS, XENON10, DAMA, CRESST I – Relic density: h2 < 0.1210 → 5yr WMAP data
• Collider Searches: complicated with many caveats!
– LEPII: Neutral & Charged Higgs searches Sparticle production
Stable charged particles– Tevatron: Squark & gluino searches Trilepton search Stable charged particles BSM Higgs searches
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Slepton & Chargino Searches at LEPII
Sleptons
Charginos
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Tevatron Squark & Gluino Search
2,3,4 Jets + Missing Energy (D0)
Multiple analyses keyed to look for:Squarks-> jet +METGluinos -> 2 j + MET
Feldman-Cousins 95% CL Signal limit: 8.34 events
For each model in our scan we run SuSpect -> SUSY-Hit -> PROSPINO -> PYTHIA -> D0-tuned PGS4 fast simulation and compare to the data
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Tevatron: D0 Stable Particle (= Chargino) Search
•This is an incredibly powerful constraint on our model set!•No applicable bounds on charged sleptons..the cross sections are too small.
Interpolation: M > 206 |U1w|2 + 171 |U1h|2 GeV
sleptons winos higgsinos
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Survival Statistics
• Flat Priors:– 107 models
scanned– 68.5K (0.68%)
survive
• Log Priors:– 2 x106 models
scanned– 3.0k (0.15%)
survive
9999039 slha-okay.txt7729165 error-okay.txt3270330 lsp-okay.txt3261059 deltaRho-okay.txt2168599 gMinus2-okay.txt617413 b2sGamma-okay.txt594803 Bs2MuMu-okay.txt592195 vacuum-okay.txt582787 Bu2TauNu-okay.txt471786 LEP-sparticle-okay.txt471455 invisibleWidth-okay.txt468539 susyhitProb-okay.txt418503 stableParticle-okay.txt418503 chargedHiggs-okay.txt132877 directDetection-okay.txt83662 neutralHiggs-okay.txt 73868 omega-okay.txt73575 Bs2MuMu-2-okay.txt72168 stableChargino-2-okay.txt71976 triLepton-okay.txt69518 jetMissing-okay.txt68494 final-okay.txt
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SU1 OKSU2 killed by LEP SU3 killed by h2
SU4 killed by b→sSU8 killed by g-2LM1 killed by Higgs LM2 killed by g-2LM3 killed by b→sLM4 killed by h2 LM5 killed by h2
LM6 OKLM7 killed by LEPLM8 killed by h2 LM9 killed by LEPLM10 OKHM2 killed by h2
HM3 killed by h2 HM4 killed by h2
ATLAS
CMS
Most well-studied models do not survive confrontationwith the latest data.
For many models this is not the unique source of failure
Fate of Benchmark Points!
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SPS1a killed by b →sSPS1a’ OK SPS1b killed by b →sSPS2 killed by h2 (GUT) / OK(low)SPS3 killed by h2 (low) / OK(GUT)SPS4 killed by g-2 SPS5 killed by h2
SPS6 OKSPS9 killed by Tevatron stable chargino
Similarly for the SPS Points
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Predictions for Observables (Flat Priors)
Exp’tSM
Bs →μμBSM = 3.5 x 10-9
b → sγ g-2
Relic Density
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Predictions for Lightest Higgs Mass
Flat Priors Log Priors
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Predictions for Heavy & Charged Higgs
Flat Priors
tan β
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Distribution of Squark Masses
Flat Priors Stops
Sbottoms
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Distribution of Gaugino MassesFlat Priors
GluinoCharginos
Neutralinos
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Composition of the LSPFlat Priors Log Priors
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Character of the NLSP: it can be anything!
Flat Priors Log Priors
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NLSP-LSP Mass Splitting
Flat Priors
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NLSP-LSP Mass Splitting: Details
Χ1+ Χ2
0
eR uL
~ ~
~ ~
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Naturalness Criterion
Flat Priors Log Priors
Barbieri, GiudiceKasahara, Freese, Gondolo
Δ Δ
Less More
Fine tuned
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Flat Priors Log Priors
We have many more classifications!
Flat Priors:1109 Classes
Log Priors:267 Classes
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The LHC is Turning On!!!!!!!!
What can BSM theorists do until the data starts pouring in?
• More & more New Models:New models are most useful if they contain new signaturesBiggest worry is whether triggers cover all NP possibilities
• Fully compute the signatures of current NP models
• Fully implement NP models into Monte Carlos
Let the fun begin!
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Discoveries at the LHC will find the vintage nature has bottled.
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Back-up
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ILC Search Region: Sleptons and EW Gauginos
Flat Priors: MSUSY ≤ 1 TeVLog Priors: MSUSY ≤ 3 TeV
x-axis legend
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ILC Search Region: Squarks and Gluinos
Flat Priors: MSUSY ≤ 1 TeV Log Priors: MSUSY ≤ 3 TeV
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Black Hole Production @ LHC:
Black Holes produced when s > M*
Classical Approximation: [space curvature << E]
E/2
E/2b
b < Rs(E) BH forms
Geometric Considerations:
Naïve = Rs2(E), details show this holds up to a
factor of a few
Dimopoulos, LandsbergGiddings, Thomas
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Production rate is enormous!
1 per sec at LHC!
JLH, Lillie, Rizzohep-ph/0503178
Determination of Number of Large Extra Dimensions
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Black-Max: a New BH Generator
• Simulates more realistic models– Greybody factors– BH rotation– BH recoil due to
Hawking radiation
– Brane tension– Split fermions
• Dramatic effects on kinematic properties
• Interfaces w/ Herwig & Pythia
Energy Distbt’n of emitted particles
Rotating
Brane tension
Split Fermions
No new effects
Dai, Starkman, Stojkevic, Issever, Rizvi, Tseng, arXiv:0711.3012
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Distribution for Selectron/Sneutrino Masses
Flat Priors Log Priors
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Distribution of Stau Masses
Flat Priors Log Priors
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Dark Matter Direct Detection Cross Sections
Flat Priors Log Priors
Spin Dependent
Spin IndependentSpin Independent
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Distinguishing Dark Matter Models
Flat Priors
Barger etal
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Little Higgs Gauge Production
Azuelos etal, hep-ph/0402037
Birkedal, Matchev, Perelstein, hep-ph/0412278
WZ WH WZ 2j + 3l +
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Density of Stopped Gluinos in ATLAS
See also ATLAS study, Kraan etal hep-ph/0511014
Arvanitaki, etal hep-ph/0506242