UNIT II REVIEW

Lisa Logan Melissa SanchezBrery Salcedo

500 C.E. – 600 C.E.

Justinian became the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He reigned during 527 C.E. – 565 C.E. He rebuilt Constantinople including Hagia

Sophia in 537. He transformed Roman Law with Corpus

Iuris Civilis.

500 C.E. – 600 C.E.

The Nike Revolt takes place in 532 and destroys large part of Constantinople.

In 533 , Belisarius conquers the Vandal kingdom in Northern Africa for the Byzantine Empire.

Belisarius also conquers the Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy for Byzantine Empire in 535.

500 C.E. – 600 C.E.

Justinian I abandons plans to conquer Gaul and Britain after plague strikes Constantinople in 541.

In 552 , silk production begins after being introduced because of the smuggling of silkworms from China.

500 C.E. – 600 C.E.

Chlothar I temporarily reunites Clovis' Frankish kingdoms in 558.

However , when he dies in 561 the Frankish kingdoms redivde.

4 years later in 565 Justinian I dies after 38 years of reign.

500 C.E. – 600 C.E.

In 568 , Alboin founds Lombard kingdom in Italy.

King Chosroes of Persia dies after 48 year reign in 579.

He reestablished Persian power from Red Sea to Oxus River.

500 C.E. – 600 C.E.

Yang Jian murders Zhou in 581. Proclaims himself Emperor Wendi

and begins Sui Dynasty in China after the murder of Zhou.

In 585 , Soga clan adopts Buddhism in Japan.

However the first Buddhist monastery in Japan wasn’t built until 587.

600 C.E. – 700 C.E.

First St. Paul's Cathedral built in London in 603

In 610, Muhammad begins preaching in Mecca.

In 618, Li Yuan murders Chinese emperor Yangdi

Li Yuan later becomes Gaozu establishes the Tang Dynasty.

600 C.E. – 700 C.E.

Persian King Chosroes II conquers Rhodes in 620

Persian Empire reaches extent of Darius' 6th Century BCE empire

In 621 , the Chinese government establishes state department for the manufacture of porcelain.

600 C.E. – 700 C.E.

Muhammad forced to flee Mecca for Medina in 622.

This becomes basis for the Islamic tradition of the hijra

In 628 , Muslim army captures Mecca.

Later on in 630 , Muhammad returns to Mecca with the Koran.

However in 632 , Muhammad dies

600 C.E. – 700 C.E.

Abu Bakr becomes caliph in Medina (632-634)

The death of Abu makes Umar the new caliph of Medina in 632.

East Anglia converted to Christianity in 633.

Islamic forces under Khalid ibn al-Walid conquer Syria and Palestine in 636 ( Battle of Yarmuk )

600 C.E. – 700 C.E.

Caliph Umar assassinated in 644 which makes Uthman the new caliph

In 651, the end of the Sassanid Dynasty in Persia comes because of the assassination of Sassanid King Yazdegerd III

600 C.E. – 700 C.E.

Caliph Uthman assassinated in 656 , Ali becomes caliph

First Shinto shrines built in Japan in 659

Sunni and Shi'a branches of Islam split over succession to the Caliphate in 661.

Dome of the Rock is completed by Caliph Abdel-Malik (692)

600 C.E. – 700 C.E.

First Islamic coins minted in Damascus (695)

In 697 , Dogeships in Venice Leading Mesoamerican city of

Teotihuacán destroyed in 700

700 C.E. – 800 C.E.

Islamic army invades Iberian Peninsula in 711.

Ono Yasumara's Kojiki was the first written history of Japan which came to be in 712.

In 726, Byzantine emperor Leo III initiates iconoclastic movement in Constantinople.

700 C.E. – 800 C.E.

55 ft. statue of the Buddha, Rushanabutsu, completed in Japan in 752.

The three-field crop rotation system introduced in Europe by 765 and greatly used.

In 774, Charlemagne visits Rome where he took Lombardy into Frankish kingdom

700 C.E. – 800 C.E.

Heian (Kyoto) becomes permanent capital of Japan in 794 , however will change again in1868.

Palatine Chapel built in Aix-la-Chapelle (796)

In 800, Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans.

800 C.E. – 900 C.E.

Charlemagne completes conquest and conversion of Saxony by 804 but dies in 814

Tang emperor begins issuing paper currency in China in 811.

Carrier pigeon services established in Arab lands (837)

800 C.E. – 900 C.E.

When Louis the Pious dies in 840 civil war in Frankish kingdom between his sons.

Treaty of Verdun permanently splits Charlemagne's empire in 843.

Also in 843, Kenneth MacAlpin unites Scots and Picts, founding the medieval kingdom of Scotland.

800 C.E. – 900 C.E.

Chinese government launches persecution of Buddhists in 845.

China printed its first book in 853. Byzantine emperor Michael III sends

Cyril and Methodius to convert slavs in 862 ; Where the origin of the Cyrillic alphabet came from

800 C.E. – 900 C.E.

Charles II of France consolidates feudal system in 877.

After Charles III dies the Frankish empire collapses , and Independent kingdom of Burgundy established in 888.

Magyars raid Bulgaria where they settle in Central Europe in 895.

900 C.E. – 1000 C.E.

In 909 , Abbey of Cluny founded in eastern France.

Wood-block printing in China began in 932.

Zhao Kuangyin founds the Song Dynasty in China. (960)

Otto I crowned Holy Roman emperor by Pope John XII which marked the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.

900 C.E. – 1000 C.E.

Fatimids conquer Egypt and move capital to Cairo in 969

Eric the Red begins viking invasion of Iceland which began in 982.

In 983, Ahmad ibn Buwayh Asud ad-Dawla rises to power in Persia, and he reintroduces ancient title of Shahanshah (King of Kings)

900 C.E. – 1000 C.E.

Earliest known astrolabe, a tool for navigation, was first used in Persia in 984.

In 987, Hugh Capet founds Capetian royal line in France.

Vladimir the Great of Kiev converts to Christianity, founding the Russian Orthodox Church (988)

900 C.E. – 1000 C.E.

Venice gains independence from Byzantine Empire in 992.

Pope John XV canonizes Ulric, bishop of Augsburg which was the first documented papal canonization (993)

1000 C.E. – 1100 C.E.

The approximate date of Leif Ericson's voyages from Greenland was 1003.

The floating magnetic compass invented in China (1020)

Cnut unifies England, Denmark, and Norway under one crown by 1028.

1000 C.E. – 1100 C.E.

Astrolabe started being used in Europe in 1050.

Pope Leo IX and the Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicate each other this was the final step in the Great Schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches (1054)

1000 C.E. – 1100 C.E.

Pope Gregory VII decrees papal supremacy inDictatus papae; Beginning of Investiture Controversy between the Pope and Holy Roman Emperor in 1075.

In 1078, the construction on the Tower of London begins.

William I of England commissions the Domesday Book (1085).

1000 C.E. – 1100 C.E.

Pope Urban II expels antipope Clement III from Rome (1094)

Pope Urban II proclaims First Crusade against Islamic conquests in the Middle East in 1095.

Crusaders capture Jerusalem when the first Crusade ends in 1099.

1100 C.E. – 1200 C.E.

In 1123, the First Lateran Council condemns simony and clerical marriage in Europe.

The first use of flying buttresses in construction of St. Denis was in 1129.

First recorded autopsy performed in China was in 1145.

1100 C.E. – 1200 C.E.

Also in 1145, Pope Eugene III proclaims Second Crusade to recapture Crusader Kingdom of Edessa.

The Chinese first developed rockets in 1150.

1100 C.E. – 1200 C.E.

Toltec Empire destroyed in Mesoamerica by 1168.

The Almohads move their capital to Seville in 1170.

Also in 1170, the Almohad Dynasty has conquered much of North African and consolidated the smaller Islamic kingdoms in Spain.

1100 C.E. – 1200 C.E.

Pope Gregory VIII calls for Third Crusade to halt in 1187 for Saladin's conquests in the Middle East.

Minamoto Yaritomo adopts the title Shogun in 1192 which created Shogunate government which will last until 1868.

1200 C.E. – 1300 C.E.

Mongol prince Temüjin takes the official title of Genghis Khan in 1203.

In 1208, Pope Innocent III declares crusade against Albigensian heresy in Languedoc.

King John of England and English barons sign the Magna Carta (1215)

1200 C.E. – 1300 C.E.

In 1275, Marco Polo arrives at Kublai Khan's court in China.

Ottokar of Bohemia surrenders lands to Emperor Rudolf I which begins the Habsburg Dynasty in Austria in 1276.

First recorded spinning wheel in Germany (1280)

1200 C.E. – 1300 C.E.

William of St. Cloud observes the sun through a camera obscura in 1285.

The Grand Canal was completed in 1289 in China.

Marco Polo returns from China in 1295.

In1298, Edward I of England defeats William Wallace at Falkirk.

1300 C.E. – 1450 C.E.

In 1309, Pope Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon, France.

The first forged iron cannons made in France were in 1324

Aztecs settle in Tenochtitlán in 1325.

1300 C.E. – 1450 C.E.

Bubonic plague strikes China in 1333 ; Later striking the rest of Asia and Europe.

In 1337, Philip VI of France confisates English territory in Gascony which came to be the beginning of the Hundred Years War 

1300 C.E. – 1450 C.E.

Emperor Charles IV issues Golden Bull establishing a system of seven Electors in the Holy Roman Empire in 1356.

In 1360, Timur begins rise to military prominence when he first conquers Transoxiana .

Papal Palace completed in Avignon, France (1364)

1300 C.E. – 1450 C.E.

End of Babylonian Captivity for the Roman Catholic Church in 1377.

The Bible was translated into English by Wycliffe in 1382

In 1386, the last pagan ruler in Europe, Jogalia of Lithuania, converts to Christianity founding the Polish-Lithuanian dynastic union.

1300 C.E. – 1450 C.E.

First European school of navigation founded in Portugal by Prince Henry the Navigator in 1419.

In 1423, the Venetian-Turkish Wars begin.

Vietnam gains independence from Ming China by 1428.

English army begins siege of Orleans in 1428.

1300 C.E. – 1450 C.E.

Azores discovered by Gonzalo Cabral of Portugal in 1432.

Beginnings of printing in Europe started in 1438.

In 1450, Florence becomes center of Italian Renaissance.