Library 2.0The Convergence of Tradition and Technology

LIS 653-02 Spring 2013Knowledge OrganizationProfessor Pattuelli

Source: ALA State of America's Libraries Report 2012Source: Dan Zambonini, “Why You Should Let Web 2.0 Into Your Hearts”

What Is Library 2.0?

“The Library is a growing organism.”- S. R. Ranganathan

- 24/7 access- Participatory, collaborative

innovations in library services and procedures

- User-centered library philosophy- Cultural and technological

paradigm shift- Information flowing in many

directions- Reaching and interacting with

patrons using Web 2.0 applications- Increased access points to

information- Tools to facilitate librarian’s

service-oriented goals- Enhancement of traditional library

resources and services

Library 2.0 is paving the way for the next generation of technological change affecting libraries: Web 3.0, which incorporates the semantic web, linked open data, and other innovations in library and information science. Library 2.0 is adaptable to this progress.

Elizabeth Feldbauer Jacqueline Schector

Library 2.0 in Action

- Social Media- RSS- Wikis- Blogs- Twitter

- Social Bookmarking- Tagging and Folksonomies- Mobile Technologies- Catalog Enrichment and Enhanced OPACs

- Bibliocommons- LibraryThing for Libraries- Social cataloging

- Good Reads- Shelfari

- Facebook- Podcasts- IM/Chat- Pintrest

- Bibster- CiteULikeThe term “Library 2.0” was coined by Michael Casey in

September 2005 on his blog LibraryCrunch to begin a discussion on new technologies and services in libraries. The term is a spinoff of “Web 2.0” and “Business 2.0.”

Personal Information Management (PIM) is about keeping information and organizing it in such a way that we can find it when we need it. The process of obtaining, storing, and retrieving information is visualized in the graphic below. In the age of information overload, with an ever-increasing number of available platforms and formats, this practice is more important than ever. With the increasing importance of PIM practice comes a corresponding increase in the importance of studying that practice, and PIM as a field of study has grown enormously since the first use of the term in the 1980s. At its heart PIM is about, as William Jones phrases it, “keeping found things found.”

The practice of PIM involves interacting with information items in your personal space of information (or PSI), which is made up of personal information collections (PICs). Each person’s PSI overlaps with the PSIs of other people as well as organizations. At its center, the PSI consists of information under the control of the individual, such as personal documents and photographs. At its edges, the PSI also includes information about that person but not under their control as well as information directed at the person such as emails, notifications, and phone calls.

Storing Personal Information

The User Subjective Approach

Personal Information ManagementDiana Bowers, Janet Burka, & Caitlin Harrington

LIS653, Professor Pattuelli, Spring 2013

As the graphic above illustrates, our capacity to store data is increasing every day. The 2007 article in which the graphic originally appeared noted that at that time, a 1TB hard drive cost $650, but postulated that in 20 years, $650 would buy 250TB. Five years later, 1TB can be had for about $75, so we are already well on our way to the fulfillment of that prediction. As our ability to store vast amounts of information increases, however, so too does our need for storage space. As we grow accustomed to digital formats, we will desire records that are more extensive and of higher resolution. A number of projects are currently exploring “integrative organization” (Jones & Teevan, 12) by attempting to capture, store, and retrieve every information item in a person’s life. Though such projects are obviously very complex and have a long way to go, they represent some of the biggest challenges we will face in PIM practice in the years to come.

With the widespread availability of digital information and popularity of online research it has become increasingly important for PIM to be addressed in the LIS context. Since users can now retrieve large amounts of information with a single keyword search it has become essential to organize citations effectively.

Currently the most popular reference management tools organize citations semantically and are not conducive to the associative processes of the brain. Ina Fourie recommends for consideration the potential of integrating reference management tools with mind mapping strategies. Mind mapping has been popular in education practices but little work has been done to incorporate mind mapping with PIM and reference management. An application of PIM that combines mind mapping with reference management has the potential to improve users’ ability to re-find their retrieved information.

The User Subjective Approach calls for PIM systems to be designed for individual use. It acknowledges the unique nature of each person's organizational strategy, and advocates the creation of environments that highlight a document's attributes like project, importance and context. These three attributes have been identified as central to the process of recall, an important underlying function of the field of Personal Information Management.

In a 2003 paper, Bergman, et. al. defined three principles of a user subjective approach to Personal Information Management. These principles show three important ways in which users contextualize their documents, and Bergman ultimately calls for PIM systems to be designed around these attributes to facilitate better recall and an overall higher degree of usability. In layman's terms, these three principles can be thought of as dealing with the category to which the item belongs (subjective classification), its importance (subjective importance), and the context in which it was previously processed (subjective context).

Three Principles of User Subjective PIM Design

1. Subjective Classification

Posits that all information items related to the same subjective topic should be classified together regardless of technological format. In other words, this attempts to combat the fragmentation that occurs when users store information in multiple formats across different devices.

2. Subjective Importance

States that the importance of each document's information should determine visual prominence and accessibility in the classification system. This is a value judgement made by the user, and would let items with low subjective importance be less eye-catching, which would ultimately render them less distracting.

3. Subjective Context

Acknowledges that ideally, information should be retrieved and viewed by a user in the same context in which it was previously used, since information is better recalled when it is stored in the context in which it was learned.

Keeping, Organizing, & Re-finding

Implications for Libraries

Source: http://www.algosystems.gr/en/internet/products/dms.html

What is Personal Information?

Personal information can encompass a wide range of materials and formats, including:• Emails• Photographs• Webpages• Browser History• Calendars• Address Books• RSS feed• Phone Calls• Music• Social Media• Data from mobile apps• Books• Video• Handwritten Notes and Letters• Health records• & more…

Source: Bell & Gemmell, 2007.

FolksonomiesJ.D. Arden, Kate Asmus, Megan Koontz

Narrow FolksonomiesThe creator of the object or a small group of people create a

standardized tag vocabulary. This limited vocabulary is then used to describe or find the object and helps in creating uniformity when searching.

LIS 653-02Knowledge Organization

Broad FolksonomiesInvolve multiple people tagging the same object. Each user has the

ability to create their own tags based on their individual vocabularies. This allows for the expansion of vocabulary pertaining to the object through tag exploration.

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References

Folksonomy :: Off the Top :: vanderwal.net.

reference in Arial, 32 points, bold, with a reverse indent: alphabetical or numerical order.

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A folksonomy is the result of personal free tagging of information and objects (anything with a URL) for one’s own retrieval. The tagging is done in a social environment (shared and open to others). The act of tagging is done by the person consuming the information.

-Thomas Van Der Wal