LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES&CHARACTERISTICS.
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Transcript of LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES&CHARACTERISTICS.
LIQUIFIED LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
&&
CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONSMIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
• COMMERCIAL PROPANECOMMERCIAL PROPANE• COMMERCIAL BUTANECOMMERCIAL BUTANE
MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER • BIS 4576 : 1978BIS 4576 : 1978
TEST METHODSTEST METHODS STORAGESTORAGE
• PRESSURE VESSELPRESSURE VESSEL• REFRIGERATED VESSELREFRIGERATED VESSEL
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
TYPICAL COMPOSITIONTYPICAL COMPOSITION• MAINLY C3 & C4MAINLY C3 & C4• MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5
DEPENDS ON SOURCE DEPENDS ON SOURCE • REFINERYREFINERY• FRACTIONATORSFRACTIONATORS
SR GRADESR GRADE• APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS• NIL IMPURITIESNIL IMPURITIES
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COLOURCOLOUR• LIQUID PHASELIQUID PHASE• VAPOUR PHASEVAPOUR PHASE
ODOURODOUR• FAINT SMELLFAINT SMELL• STENCHINGSTENCHING
DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITYDENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY• VAPOUR PHASEVAPOUR PHASE• 1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY• SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELSSETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
DENSITY / SP. GRAVITYDENSITY / SP. GRAVITY• LIQUID PHASELIQUID PHASE• 0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE
VAPOUR PRESSUREVAPOUR PRESSURE• TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUMTWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM• 16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.• 120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.
VOLATILITYVOLATILITY• RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSIONCOEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION• 0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE• 15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE 15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE
PER DEG RISE IN TEMP.PER DEG RISE IN TEMP.• FILLING RATIO / ULLAGEFILLING RATIO / ULLAGE
FLAMMIBILITYFLAMMIBILITY• LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE
GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )• HEL : 9%HEL : 9%
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION• INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES
AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN VOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEATVOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEAT
• RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE VENTILATIONVENTILATION
• C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG.C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG.• FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT.FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT.
WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT.WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT. IGNITION TEMP.IGNITION TEMP.
• AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
BOILING POINTBOILING POINT• TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.• (-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.(-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.
MELTING OR FREEZING POINTMELTING OR FREEZING POINT• TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURSTEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS• VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.
VISCOSITYVISCOSITY• VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER
PETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CSPETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CS• REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE & REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE &
HANDLING SYSTEMHANDLING SYSTEM
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
SOLUBILITYSOLUBILITY• LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATERLESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER• SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHALSOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHAL
TOXICITYTOXICITY• HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGENHIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN• RESULTS IN SUFFOCATIONRESULTS IN SUFFOCATION• ACTS AS ANAESTHETICACTS AS ANAESTHETIC
CAUSTIC RESIDUECAUSTIC RESIDUE• USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDEUSED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE• IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSIONIF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION• CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATEDCAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATED
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
EFFECT OF WATEREFFECT OF WATER• CORROSIONCORROSION• PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVESPARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES
EFFECT OF AIREFFECT OF AIR• POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE
MIXTUREMIXTURE• AUTO IGNITIONAUTO IGNITION• PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING
COMMISSIONING COMMISSIONING • RETARDS FILLINGRETARDS FILLING
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
HEALTH HAZARD HEALTH HAZARD • NON TOXICNON TOXIC• ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN • NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE
QTYQTY FIRE HAZARDFIRE HAZARD
• PRODUCT DISCHARGEPRODUCT DISCHARGE• STATIC ELECTRICITYSTATIC ELECTRICITY• PYROPHORIC IRON PYROPHORIC IRON • BLEVEBLEVE• UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSIONUNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION
INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED KILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURINGKILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING
AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT BAKINGBAKING
CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF SSTONEWARE & PORCELAINSSTONEWARE & PORCELAIN
CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING, CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING, FEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRYFEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
ELECTRICAL :ELECTRICAL : BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, FILAMENT ANNEALINGFILAMENT ANNEALING
INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING, ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING, ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT BAKING, HEAT TREATMENTBAKING, HEAT TREATMENT
FOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYINGFOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING, GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING,
POLISHING, STRESS RELIEVINGPOLISHING, STRESS RELIEVING METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET
HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-HEATINGHEATING
INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD PIERCING, WELDINGPIERCING, WELDING
PACKAGING : SOLDERINGPACKAGING : SOLDERING TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING, TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING,
CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT DRYING, DYEING, VELVET DRYING, DYEING, VELVET PROCESSINGPROCESSING
MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, BITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANINGBITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANING
LPG INSTALLATION PLANNINGLPG INSTALLATION PLANNING STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT
FUELFUEL
FACTOR : FACTOR : ECONOMICSECONOMICS
AVAILABILITYAVAILABILITY
APPLICATION SUITABLITYAPPLICATION SUITABLITY
STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR BULKBULK
FACTOR :FACTOR : CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION
AVAILABILITYAVAILABILITY
ECONOMICS ECONOMICS APPLICATION APPLICATION SUITABILITYSUITABILITY
LPG INSTALLATION PLANNINGLPG INSTALLATION PLANNING
STEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATIONSTEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATION
FACTORS:FACTORS: PEAK HOURLY RATE OF PEAK HOURLY RATE OF CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION
DAILY / MONTHLY DAILY / MONTHLY CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM SUPPY DISTANCE FROM SUPPY POINTPOINT
CYLINDER ROOM / BULK CYLINDER ROOM / BULK STORAGESTORAGE
LPG INSTALLATION PLANNINGLPG INSTALLATION PLANNING
STEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTESTEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE
FACTORS :FACTORS : FLOW RATEFLOW RATE
PRESSURE DROPSPRESSURE DROPS
BRANCHES / POINTS OF BRANCHES / POINTS OF CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION
EASE OF REPAIRS / EASE OF REPAIRS / TROUBLE SHOOTINGTROUBLE SHOOTING
LPG INSTALLATION PLANNINGLPG INSTALLATION PLANNING
STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE REGULATORS REGULATORS
FACTORS:FACTORS: PRESSURE NEEDED FOR PRESSURE NEEDED FOR BURNERSBURNERS
RATE OF CONSUMPTIONRATE OF CONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM DISTANCE FROM INSTALLATION TO INSTALLATION TO CONSUMING POINT’CONSUMING POINT’