LIQUEFACTION OF WOOD AND ITS APPLICATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMOSETTING MOLDING MATERIALS

TUFAN SALANKAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF

MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING KAHRAMANMARAS, TURKEY

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COST Action FP1105 WoodCellNet workshop in San Sebastian

Polytechnic School of San Sebastian, University of The Basque Country26-27 May 2015

San Sebastian, Spain

IntroductionToday, lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to a broad range of value-added: Fine chemicalsBiofuels Green polymeric materialsvia Biorefinery Concept.

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Biorefinery Conversion Methods

PHYSICAL UPGRADING METHODS (drying, pulverisation, briquetting, and pelletizing)

CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL METHODS (hydrolysis followed by fermentation or chemical conversion)

THERMOCHEMICAL METHODS (torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion)

OTHER METHODS (e.g., production of composites or fractionation followed by chemical conversion - cellulose derivatives)

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Biorefinery Concept For The Liquefaction of Biomass

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Liquefaction of Wood

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Solvolysis liquefaction one of the thermochemical method dissolves wood in an organic solvent (e.g. phenol) with an acidic (e.g. hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric acid) or alkaline (e.g. NaOH, MgSO4) catalyst at moderate temperatures (80-150 °C) or without catalyst at elevated temperatures (240-270 °C) and atmospheric pressure.

Composition of Wood

6…which has plenty hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups make it possible to convert liquefied wood into biopolymers.

Applications of Liquefied Wood

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PU FoamsPU Foams Phenolic ResinsPhenolic Resins AdhesivesAdhesives

Carbon FibersCarbon Fibers PolyestersPolyesters MoldingsMoldings

Phenelation of Wood and Its Resinification

With the increasing requirements for a more extensive utilization of the abundant and renewable biomass resources, liquefaction of wood in the presence of phenol and its application to thermosetting materials is a promising technique.

During liquefaction (phenolation), carbohydrate and lignin content converted to small fragments or monomolecular compounds via hydrolysis, degradation, and decomposition reactions and after this they react with phenol to form derivatives.

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Phenelation of Wood Phenelation of Wood

Condensation reaction of liquefied wood and formaldehyde is an efficient way to use the unreacted free phenol left behind after the liquefaction process.

Phenol-liquefied products can easily react with formaldehyde; to form novalac or resol type phenol- formaldehyde resins.

Also, formaldehyde does not react only with free phenol but also with liquefied wood components having reactive sites.

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Resinification of Wood Resinification of Wood

Resins Synthesized in the Presence of Acid Catalysts

Sulfiric, Hydrochloric, Phosphoric, Oxalic acid… Sulfuric acid seemed to be the most effective catalyst on the

phenolation of unmodified wood at moderate temperatures. Phenolysis of wood components in the presence of an acidic

catalyst resulted in dozens or even hundreds of different reactions that compete with each other.

Due to the cleavage of lignin in the presence of phenol, a variety of phenolic compounds such as coniferyl alcohol, vanilin, etc. are formed.

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TestsMechanic

al and Physical

TestsMechanic

al and Physical

Thermosetting Molding ProductionThermosetting Molding Production

Thank You

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