Lips and labial mucosa External portion of the lips: the vermilion border and

the skin

Vermilion border : the exposed red portion of the lip, covered by mucous membrane, no mucous glands

Boundary: the moist labial mucosa in the mouth and the mucocutaneous junction on the skin

Skin around the mouth:

Lateral labial sulcus: begins at the ala of the nose and progresses downward and outward

Mesial labial sulcus: begins at the corners of the mouth(commisures) and runs parallel to the lateral labial sulcus

Mental labial sulcus: runs parallel to the mucoucutaneous junction of the lower lip

Philtrum: a depression that divides the upper lip into right and left halves

Upper and lower labial frenum: at the midline of the upper and lower lip

Fibroepithelial polyp: small tag of tissue of the upper labial frenum

Buccal mucosa Lining of the cheek

Parotid papilla: near the second maxillary molar tooth on the buccal mucosa (opening of the stensen’ duct)

Linea alba: hyperkeratotic line corresponding to the line of occlusion of the teeth

Caliculus angularis: a small palpable nodule at the anterior termination of the linea alba

Pterygomandibular raphe: a fold of tissue at the posterior boundary of the buccal mucosa

Buccal frenum: attaches the buccal mucosa to both the maxilla and mandible at approximately the level of the premolar teeth

Fordyce‘s granules: clusters of small, yellow nodules of ectopic sebaceous glands

Leukoedema: wrinkled, whitish, opalescent appearance

Mucogingival junction: junction of the attached gingiva and labial and buccal mucosa

Hard palate Incisive papilla: anterior termination of the palatine

raphe, in the midline just posterior to the maxillary central incisor teeth

Palatine rugae: just behind the incisive papilla

Palatine raphe: whitish band of tissue in the midline of the palate from the incisive papilla to the uvula

Vibrating line or ahh line: the junction of the hard and soft palate

Foveae palatinae: just anterior the vibrating line, on either side of the palatine raphe

Soft palate: separates the mouth from the nose

Uvula: posterior border of the soft palate in the midline

Tonsillar fossae: the most anterior part of the lateral walls of the oropharynx

Anterior pillar: anterior wall of the Tonsillar fossae (palatoglossus muscle)

Posterior pillar: posterior wall of the Tonsillar fossae (palatopharyngeal muscle)

Palatine tonsil: the space between these two pillars

Nasopharynx:

Anteriorly: choanae

Posteriorly: pharyngeal wall

Superiorly: first two cervical vertebrae

Inferiorly: soft palate

Waldeyer’s ring:

The pharyngeal tonsils of the nasopharynx

The palatine tonsils of the oropharynx

The lingual tonsils of the tongue

Tongue Dorsum of the tongue: 4 types lingual papillae

Filiform papillae: the most, small, whitish hairlike

projections

Fungiform papillae: the second most, Mushroom-shaped,

scattered among the filiform papillae, at the lateral border

and the tip of the tongue

Circumvallate papillae: posteriorly on the dorsum of the

tongue

Foliate papillae: on the posterolateral borders of the

tongue, leaflike projections

Median sulcus: a depression of the midline of the tongue

Terminal sulcus: posterior end of the median sulcus

Foramen cecum: a depression at the apex of the terminal sulcus

Lingual tonsils: on the root of the tongue, posterior to the terminal sulcus

Lingual frenum: on the ventral surface of the tongue and attaches to the genial tubercles of the mandible

Plica fimbriata: a small line of tissue projection, on either side of the frenum

Floor of the mouth Sublingual caruncles: two small projections on either

side of the frenum, sites of openings of warton’s duct

Sublingual fold: elevations running posteriorly from the caruncles

Muscles of mastication:

Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid

Tepmoralis:

Origin: fossa of the temporal bone

Insertion: coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus

Masseter

Origin: lower portion of the zygomatic arch

Insertion: lateral surfaces of the angle and coronoid process

Medial pterygoid

Origin: medial side of the lateral pterygoid plate and tuberosity of the maxilla

Insertion: lower medial surface of the ramus

Lateral pterygoid

Origin: greater wing of the sphenoid bone and lateral surface of the pterygoid plate

Insertion: neck of the condyle and the articular disc of the TMJ