Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources || Rosa acicularis Lindl. (R....

Rosaceae Juss.

Agrimonia asiatica Juz. (A. eupatoria L.,subsp. asiatica (Juz.) Skalicky, A.eupatoria subsp. asiatica (Juz.)Schonkeck-Temesy)

Family: Rosaceae Juss.

Branch

Ursolic acid, %: 0.38 [1]

Fruit


Leaf


Root


Root-Stock


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 32 [2]

Oil (petrol), % on dry wt: 11.26 [2]

n20D : 1.4788 [2]

Acid value, mg KOH: 3.58 [2]

Iodine value, % J2: 165.92 [2]

Saponification value, mg KOH: 184.84 [2]

Unsaponifiables, %: 3.4 [2]

FAs


Mean mol. wt: 280.01 [2]

A.I. Glushenkova (ed.), Lipids, Lipophilic Components and EssentialDOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7, # Springer-Verlag 2012

Neutralization value, mg KOH/g: 200.35 [2]

Composition of FAs (GLC, 15% PEGS), %: 16:0 –

6.74; 18:0 – 2.84; 18:1 – 21.83; 18:2 – 33.58;

18:3 – 35.01 [2]

(GLC), %: 16:0 + 18:0 – 7.0; 18:1 – 20.0; 18:2 –

69.0; 18:3 – 4.0 [3]

References

1. А.Y. Ibragimov, R.L. Khazanovich, Chem. Nat. Comp. 8(3),

394 (1972)

2. E.I. Gigienova, Е.I. Кiryushina, А.U. Umarov, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 13(4), 411 (1977)

3. Rukovodstvo po metodam issledovaniya, tekhnologicheskomukontrolyu i uchetu proizvodstva v maslozhirovoipromyshlennosti, L. (1969) [in Russian]

Agrimonia eupatoria L.


Leaf

Triterpenoic acids

Components: Ursolic, hydroxyursolic

Seed

FAs: 16:0; 18:2; 18:3

Underground Part

Components: Hydrocarbons, ceryl alcohol, ceryl

palmitate, ceryl stearate, butyric acid, 16:0-,

18:0 – FAs

Oils from Plant Sources,

Rosaceae Juss. 702 Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.

References

1. Rastitel’nye resursySSSR.Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh khimicheskiisostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae

(izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101 [in Russian]

Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.


Whole Plant

Triterpenoic acids

Components: 1b,2a,3b,19a-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic, 1b,2b,3b,19a-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic [1]

Activity: Antitumor activity of the extracts from the

roots [2].

References

1. I. Kouno, N. Baba, Y. Ohni, N. Kawano, Phytochemistry

27(1), 297 (1988)

2. K. Miyamoto, R. Koshiura, Y. Ikeya, H. Taguchi, Chem.

Pharm. Bull. 33, 3977 (1985)

Agrimonia procera Wallr. (A. odorataauct.)


Leaf

Essential oilComponent: Mentol

References

1. F. Gizycki, Pharmazie 4(10), 463 (1949)

Alchemilla alpina L.


Aerial Part

Components: Aliphatic hydrocarbons, glycerides,

lecithin

PhL

FAs: 18:1; 18:2

References

1. Rastitel’nye resursySSSR.Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh khimicheskiisostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae(izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101 [in Russian]

Alchemilla caucasica Bus.


Leaf

Carotenoids

Components: Violaxanthin, lutein

References

1. N.V. Bazhanova, А.G. Gevorkyan, Dokl. АN Аrm. SSR

50(2), 111 (1970) [in Russian]

Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm.(A. vulgaris auct.)


Aerial Part

Hydrocarbons

Component: n-Dotriacontane

TAG

FAs: 16:0; 18:0

References

1. Rastitel’nye resursySSSR.Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh khimicheskiisostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae,izd. (“Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101 [in Russian]

Amelanchier canadensis L.


Fruit

Unsaponifiables, mg/100 g: 60

Sterols, mg/100 g: 6

Amygdalus communis L. 703 Rosaceae Juss.
References
1. L.I. Vigorov, Rastit. Resursy VIII(4), 557 (1972) [in Russian]

Amelanchier ovalis Medik. (A.rotundifolia (Lam.) Dumcours.,A. vulgarisMoench, Crataegus rotundifolia Lam.)


Leaf, Bud, and Sprout

Essential oilComponents: Cyan substances

References

1. А.А. Grossgeim, Rastitel’nye resursy Kavkaza(1946) [in Russian]

Amygdalus bucharica Korsh.


Coat of Seed

Lipids, % on dry wt: 0.51 [1]

Kernel of Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 40.9–53.0 [1, 2]

Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 500 [3]

Oil, % on abs. dry wt: 50.1 [3]; on dry wt, %: 27.72 [1]

d: 0.9142 [1]

n: 1.4680 [1]

Absolute viscosity, sp: 74.73 [1]

Hehner value, %: 5.13 [1]

Iodine value, % J2: 99.5 [1]; 103.35 [2]

Phospholipids, %: 1.1 [4]

Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 193.0 [1]

Thiocyanogen value, % J2: 81.02 [1]


FAs

Iodine value, % I2: 103.85 [1]

Mean mol. wt: 264.5 [1]

Neutralization value, mg KОН/g: 212.17 [1]


Saturated FAs

Content (Bertram), %: 6.39 [1]

Mean mol. wt: 273.6 [1]


Unsaturated FAsContent, %: 91.8 [1]


0.3; 16:0 – 5.5; 18:0 – 0.6; 18:1 – 67.9; 18:2 –

24.3; 18:3–1.4 [1]

Unsaturated FAs (GLC, 10% PEGS), %: 18:2 –

31.3; 18:1– 60.5 [3]

TAG

Composition, %: SSS – 0.20; SSU – 1.1; SUU –

16.8; UUU – 81.9 [1]

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 30.7 [3]

Composition, mg%: a-Tocopherol – 6.5;

g-tocopherol – 24.2 [3]

Activity: Fatty oil – Purge [5]

References

1. G.А. Stepanenko,А.U. Umarov,А.L.Маrkman, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 6(4), 410 (1970)

2. M.G. Pakhomova, Mindali Uzbekistana (izd. AN Uzb. SSR,

Tashkent, 1961), 233 s [in Russian]

3. А.А. Rikhter, G.I. Nilov, V.I. Kriventsov, Rastit. Resursy

13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

4. K.S. Mukhamedova, R.R. Akbarov, S.Т. Akramov, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 14(3), 330 (1978)

5. Е.I. Кiryushina, In: Rasprostranenie i prirodnye zapasypoleznykh rastenii Uzbekistana (Таshkent, 1974), vyp. 1,

220 [in Russian]

Amygdalus communis L. (A. dulcis Mill.,Prunus amygdalus Stokes, P. dulcis (Mill.)D.A. Webb)


Coat of Seed


FAs (GLC), %: 14:0 – tr; 16:0 – 5.9–6.1; 16:1 – 0.4–

1.0; 17:0 – tr; 17:1 – tr; 18:0 – 1.2–1.8; 18:1 –

63.8–72.8; 18:2 – 18.9–28.1; 18:3 – tr; 20:0 – tr;

20:1 – tr [2]

Rosaceae Juss. 704 Amygdalus communis L.

External layer

FAs of lipids (GLC), %: 16:0 – 7.36; 18:0 – 1.32;

18:1 – 73.49; 18:2 – 17.54 [2]

Inner layer

FAs of lipids (GLC), %: 16:0 – 5.78; 18:0 – 1.65;

18:1 – 76.44; 18:2 – 15.86 [2]

Fruit

Moisture, %: 4.0 [3]

Oil, % on dry wt: 10.55–24.67 [4]

Unsaponifiables

Content, mg% on fresh wt: 240–260 [5]

Sterols

Content, mg/100 g on fresh wt: 25–27 [5]

Kernel of Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 45.9–61.7 [1, 4, 6–8]

Seed

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.5–0.8 [9, 10]

[a]D: +0�90 [9]d15: 1.045–1.070 [9, 10]

n20D : 1.5320–1.5440 [9]

Composition, %: Cyanogen acid, benzaldehyde –

96–98; benzaldehyde cyanohydrin [9]

Mass of 1,000, g: 80–150 [12]; 194.1–519.6 [6]

Oil, % on dry wt: 12.7–35.3 [1, 6]; on abs. dry wt, %:

50.0–57.4 [10, 11]

d: 0.9141 [1]; d15: 0.914–0.921 [4, 12]

n: 1.4650 [1]; n40D : 1.4617–1.4636 [6]; n20D : 1.468–

1.4713 [4, 12]

Acetic value, mg KOH: 6–10 [12]


Ester value, mg KOH: 189.7–190.2 [4]

Hehner value, %: 94.0–96.5 [12]

Iodine value, % J2: 93–106 [1, 4, 12]

Polenske value, mL KOH: 2.6 [12]

Reichert-Meissl value, mL KOH: 0.2–0.8 [4, 12]

Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 183–195.4

[1, 4, 12]

Thiocyanogen value, % J2: 83.61 [1]; 81–85 [12]

Viscosity, E30, sp: 47.8 [12]

Unsaponifiables, %: 0.45–0.7 [6, 12]

FAs

Iodine value, % J2: 105.03 [1]; 90.1–97.6 [6]

Mean mol. wt: 266.04 [1]

Neutralization value, mg KОН/g: 210.5 [1]

Thiocyanogen value, % J2: – 84.0 [1]

Saturated FAs (Bertram), %: 6.0–9.20 [1, 12]

Mean mol. wt of saturated acids: 272.1 [1]


Unsaturated FAs, % 87.3–91.5 [5]; 94–97 [12]

Composition of FAs (GLC), %: 11:0 – 1.41; 14:0 –

tr – 1.2; 16:0 – 3.0–9.8; 16:1 – 0.4–1.9; 17:0 –

0.1; 17:1 – 0.1; 18:0 – 0.4–4.0; 18:1 – 21.0–84.0;

18:2 – 11.9–49.0; 18:3 – 1.7–2.3; 20:0 – tr [1, 2,

6, 8, 11, 12]

TAG


22.6; UUU – 74.4 [1]; OPO – 17, OLO –52;

OOO – 31 [12]

Tocopherols and tocotrienols

Content, mg% of oil: 26.2–28.8 [11]

Composition, mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Tocopherol –26.44; a-tocotrienol – 0.24; b-tocopherol – 0.17;g-tocopherol – 0.76; g-tocotrienol– 0.02; d-tocopherol – 0.02 [3]

(PC), mg%: a-tocopherol – 24.8–26.9; g-tocopherol– 1.1–1.9 [11]

Activity: Fatty oil – light purge [13]. It has sedative

and analgetic properties [2].

Use: The oil is a base of complex liniment for treat-

ment of piles [2]; solvent for some medicinal

preparates [13].

References

1. Т.Y. Leshchuk, Agrotekhnika osnovnykh efiro-maslichnykhkul’tur (1948) [in Russian]

2. M.I. Goryaev, N.A. Evdakova, Spravochnik pogazozhidkostnoi khromatografii organicheskikh kislot(“Nauka” Kaz. SSR, Alma-Ata, 1977), pp. 104–382 [in

Russian]

3. A.P. Gammerman, G.N. Kadaev, A.A. Yatsenko-

Khmelevskii, Lekarstvennye rasteniya (Vysshaya shkola,

Moscow, 1983), 399 s [in Russian]

4. N. Boldyrev, N. Boldyrev, Masloboino-zhirovoe delo (6),

310 (1936) [in Russian]

5. Rukovodstvo po metodam issledovaniya, tekhnokhimi-cheskomu kontrolyu i uchetu proizvodstva v maslozhirovoipromyshlennosti, t. 5, L. (1969) [in Russian]

6. G.А. Stepanenko, А.U. Umarov, А.L. Markman, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 6(4), 410 (1970)

7. L.I. Vigorov, Rastit. Resursy VIII(4), 557 (1972) [in

Russian]

Amygdalus nana L. (Prunus tenella Rehd.) 705 Rosaceae Juss.
8. Rasrirel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh sostav,
ispol’zpvanie. Semeistva Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae,pod red. P.D. Sokolova (“Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987),

pp. 19–101 [in Russian]

9. V. Piironen, E.-L. Syv€aoja, P. Varo, K. Salminen,

P. Koivistoinen, J. Agric. Food Chem. 34(4), 742 (1986)

10. Efirnye masla, pod red. G.V. Pigulevskogo

(Pishchepromizdat, Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1938) [in Russian]


13(4) 675 (1977) [in Russian]

12. M. Mehran, M. Filsoof, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 51(10), 433

(1974)

13. Lekarstvennye rasteniya: rasteniya-tseliteli, pod red. А.F.

Gammerman, 2 izd. (Мoscow, (1976), 389 s [in Russian]

Amygdalus fenzliana (Fritsch) Lypski(Prunus fenzliana Fritsch)


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 300

Oil, % on abs. dry wt: 54.6

Unsaturated FAs (GLC, 10% PEGS), %: 18:1 –

70.7; 18:2 – 23.7

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 25.8

Composition of tocopherols, mg%: a-Tocopherol –2.5; g-tocopherol – 23.3

References


13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

Amygdalus ledebouriana Schlecht.


Kernel of Fruit

Essential oil

References

1. М.I. Goryaev, Efirnye masla flory SSSR, izd. (АN Каz. SSR,Alma-Аtа, 1952) [in Russian]

Amygdalus nana L. (Prunus tenella Rehd.)

Leaf


Seed

Essential oil

Components: Benzaldehyde, cyanogen acid [2]

Mass of 1,000, g: 300 [3]

Oil, % on abs. dry wt: kernel 49.79–52.8 [1, 3, 4];

whole pip 16.94–18.37 [5]

d15: 0.9154 [5]

n20D : 1.4714 [5]


Ester value, mg KOH: 189.9 [5]

Iodine value, % J2: 94–97 [1]; 104.6 [5]

Reichert-Meissl value, mL KOH: 0.34 [5]


Unsaturated FAs

Content, %: 96.2 [3]

Composition (GLC, 10% PEGS), %: 18:1 – 70.7;

18:2 – 25.5 [3]

Tocopherols

Content, mg% on oil: 20.5 [3]

Composition, mg%: a-Tocopherol – 16.6;

g-tocopherol – 3.9 [3]

Activity: The essential oil act as sedative and analgetic

remedy by heart and pulmonary diseases [6]; the

ether extracts of seeds have antibacterial activity [7].

Use: The fatty oil is used in cosmetology, perfumery

[8].

References

1. E.V. Kucherov, G.K. Baikov, I.B. Gufranova, Poleznyerasteniya Yuzhnogo Urala, Izd. (“Nauka”, Moscow, 1976),

263 s [in Russian]

2. N.V. Pavlov, Rastitel’noe syr’e Kazakhstana. Rasteniya: ikhveshchestva i ispol’zovanie, otv. red. akad. V.L. Komarov

(izd. AN SSSR,Moskwa-Leningrad, 1938), 550 s [in Russian]


13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

4. V.I. Vereshchagin, K.A. Sobolevskaya, A.I. Yakubova,

Poleznye rasteniya Zapadnoi Sibiri Izd. (AN SSSR,

Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1959), 347 s [in Russian]

5. N. Boldyrev, N. Boldyrev, Masloboino-zhirovoe Delo (6),

310 (1936) [in Russian]

6. Rasrirel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh sostav,ispol’zpvanie. Semeistva Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae, podred. P.D. Sokolova (“Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101

[in Russian]

Rosaceae Juss. 706 Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.

7. А.S. Bondarenko, B.E. Aizenman, M.O. Shvaiger, Т.P.Mandrik, А.N. Bredikhina, In: Fitontsidy v narodnomkhozyaistve (Kiev, 1964), pp. 170–179 [in Russian]

8. S.S. Stankov, Dikorastushchie maslichnye rasteniya SSSRi ikh СССР prakticheskoe ispol’zovanie, М. (1944), 78 s [in

Russian]

Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.


Seed

Oil

Use: The oil – for smearing wounds and myositis treat-

ment, outwardly – for skin slurring, inward – laxative.

References

1. T. Khaidav, Т.А. Меn’shikova, Lekarstvennye rasteniyav mongol’skoi meditsine (Ulan-Bator, 1978), 192 s [in

Russian]

Amygdalus persica L.


Fruit

Cutine

Composition of monomers (GLC/MS, 3% OV-1),

%: Hexadecan-1-ol – 0.47; octadecan-1-ol –

1.42; octadecen-1-ol – tr; eicosan-1-ol – tr;

hexadecane-1,16-diol – 0.91; docosan-1-ol – tr;

octadecane-1,18-diol – 3.20; octadecene-1,18-

diol – 3.69; hexadecanetriol – 32.97;

octadecane-1,9,18-triol – 25.95; octadecene-

1,9,18-triol – 13.62; octadecane-1,9,10,18-tetraol

– 14.66; octadecene-1,9,10,18–tetraol – 3.10 [1]

Seed

Oil

FAs (GLC), %: 14:0 – tr; 15:0 – tr; 16:0 – 5.9–12.3;

16:1 – 0.3–1.1; 17:0 – tr – 0.9; 17:1 – 0.1; 18:0 –

1.2–2.8; 18:1 – 44.6–77.0; 18:2 – 13.7–41.2;

18:3 – tr – 0.1; 20:0 – tr – 0.1; 20:4 – 0.1; 22:0

– tr [2]

References

1. T.J. Walton, P.E. Kolattukudy, Biochemistry 11(10), 1885

(1972)

2. M.I. Goryaev, N.A. Evdakova, Spravochnik pogazozhidkostnoi khromatografii organicheskikh kislot(“Nauka”Kaz. SSR,Alma-Ata, 1977), pp. 104–382 [inRussian]

Amygdalus petunnikowii Tamamsch.


Coat of Seed


Kernel of Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 45.35 [1]; % on abs. dry wt: 58.4 [1]

Seed

Essential oil

T.b.: 172–174�C/720 mm [2]

d2020: 1.0394 [2]

nD: 1.5424 [2]

Mass of 1,000, g: 300 [1]

Oil, % on dry wt: 24.84 [3]

d: 0.9120 [3]

nD: 1.4675 [3]


Hehner value: 95.17 [3]


Saponification value, mg KОН/g: 191.01 [3]



FAs


Mean mol. wt: 263.6 [3]



Saturated FAs (Bertram), %: 4.35 [3]


Mean mol. wt of saturated acids: 275.0 [3]


0.1; 16:0 – 3.6; 18:0 – 0.7; 18:1 – 66.4–75.0;

18:2 – 20.0–27.3; 18:3–1.9 [3, 4]

(GLC, 10% PEGS), %: 18:2 – 20.4; 18:1 – 75.3 [1]

TAG


11.8; UUU – 87.59 [3]

Amygdalus spinosissima Bunge 707 Rosaceae Juss.
Tocopherols

Composition of tocopherols, mg%: a-Tocopherol –19.1; g-tocopherol – 2.2 [1]

PhL

Content, %: 0.7 [5]

References

1. А.А. Rikhter, G.I. Nilov, V.I. Kriventsovв, Rastit. Resursy13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

2. М.I. Goryaev, Efirnye masla flory SSSR izd. (АN Каz. SSR,Аlma-Аtа, 1952) [in Russian]


Comp. 6(4), 410 (1970)

4. М.G. Pakhomova, Мindali Uzbekistana (Таshkent, 1961),233 s [in Russian]


Nat. Comp. 14(3), 330 (1978)

Amygdalus saviczii Pachom.


Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 48.4

References


Tashkent, 1961), 233 s

Amygdalus scoparia Spach


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 100


FAs (GLC, 10% PEGS), %: 18:2–21.6; 18:1–65.9

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 39.7

Composition of tocopherols, mg%: a-Tocopherol –37.5; g-tocopherol – 2.2

References


13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

Amygdalus sp.


Seed

Oil (methylene chloride), % on dry wt: 38 [1]



Unsaponifiables

Content, %: 0.9 [1]

Composition of unsaponifiables, %: Less polar

compounds (hydrocarbons, etc.) – 52; triterpene

alcohols (4,4-dimethylsterols) – 4; 4-

methylsterols (4-monomethylsterols) – 4; sterols

(4-desmethylsterols) – 40 [1]

4,4-Dimethylsterols

Composition (GLC: 1.5% OV-17, 1.5% QF-1), %:

Lanostenol – tr; cycloartanol – 5; cycloartenol –

9; 24-methylenecycloartanol – 83 [2]

4-Monomethylsterols

Composition (GLC: 1.5% OV-17, 1.5% QF-1), %:

31-Norlanosterol – 1; obtusifoliol – 17; 31-

norcycloartenol – tr; gramisterol – 30;

citrostadienol – 44 [2]

Sterols

Composition (PTLC, Ag+/TLC, GLC, 1.5%OV-17,

GLC-MS), %: Sterols: cholesterol – tr;

campesterol – 4; stigmasterol – 3; b-sitosterol –77; D5-avenasterol – 12; D7-stigmastenol – 2;

D7-avenasterol – 2 [1]

References

1. T.M. Jeong, T. Itoh, T. Tamura, T. Matsumoto, Lipids 9(11),

921 (1974)

2. T.M. Jeong, T. Itoh, T. Tamura, T. Marsumoto, Lipids 10(10),

634 (1975)

Amygdalus spinosissima Bunge


Coat of Seed


Kernel of Seed

Essential oil [2]

Oil, % on dry wt: 45.07–62.0 [1, 3]

Rosaceae Juss. 708 Amygdalus turcomanica Lincz. (A. brachuica auct.)

Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 200 [4]

Oil, % on dry wt: 27.55 [1]; on abs. dry wt: 49.3 [4]

d: 0.9153 [1]

nD: 1.4723 [1]







FAs


Mean mol. wt: 266.0 [1]



Saturated FAs (Bertram), %: 10.02 [1]

Mean mol. wt: 278.6 [1]


Unsaturated FAs, %: 91.7 [4]


1.0; 16:0 – 6.9; 18:0 – 2.1; 18:1 – 66.3; 18:2 –

21.6; 18:3 – 2.1 [1]

(GLC, 10% PEGS), %: 18:1–64.8; 18:2–26.9 [4]

TAG

Composition of TAG, %: SSS – 1.0; SSU – 2.7;

SUU – 24.0; UUU – 72.3 [1]

Tocopherols


Composition of tocopherols (PC), mg%: a-Tocopherol – tr; g-tocopherol – 25.8 [4]

Activity: Fatty oil equals the oil from A. communis bypharmacological activity [5].

References


Comp. 6(4), 410 (1970)

2. М.I. Goryaev, Efirnye masla flory SSSR (izd. AN Kaz. SSR,

Аlma-Аtа, 1952) [in Russian]


Tashkent, 1961), 233 s [in Russian]


13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

5. Е.I. Кiryushina, In: Rasprostranenie i prirodnye zapasypoleznykh rastenii Uzbekistana (Таshkent, 1974), vyp. 1,

220 [in Russian]

Amygdalus turcomanica Lincz.(A. brachuica auct.)


Seed


References

1. М.S. Shalyt, Dikorastushchie poleznye rasteniya TurkmenkoiSSR (Мoscow, 1951), 222 s [in Russian]

Amygdalus vavilovii M. Pop.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 700


Unsaturated FAs, %: 89.7


70.8; 18:2 – 18.9

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 36.9

Composition of tocopherols (PC), mg%: a-Tocopherol – 16.0; g-tocopherol – 20.9

References


13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

Aphanes arvensis L. (Alchemilla arvensis(L.) Scop.).


Seed

Oil

nD: 1.4706–1.4720

Acid value, mg KOH: 1.8

Iodine value, % J2: 80–94

Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 184.6–192.2

Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. (Prunus armeniaca L.) 709 Rosaceae Juss.
References
1. R. Normakhmatov, Т. Khudaishukurov, Маslo-zhirovayapromyshlennost’ (12), 13 (1973) [in Russian]

Armeniaca mandshurica (Maxim.)Skvorts. (Prunus manshurica Kochne,Prunus armeniaca L. var. manshirocaKoehne.)


Seed

Essential oilContent (after fermentation), %: 0.6–1.6 [1]

Oil, % on dry wt: 52.44 [2]

References

1. B.N. Rutovckii, EfirnyeMasla (Moskwa-Leningrad, 1932) [in

Russian]

2. Y.V. Branke, Dikorastushchie plody i yagody Dal’nevos-tochnogo kraya (Vladivostok, 1935), 71 s [in Russian]

Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam. (Prunussibirica L.)


Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 35–48 [1]

Iodine value, % J2: 85–89 [1]

Use: Fatty oil is used for eye drops production for

conjunctivitis treatment [2].

References

1. V.N. Voroshilov, Poiski novogo lekarstvennogo syr’ya(Мoscow, 1941), 255 s [in Russian]


[in Russian]

Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. (Prunusarmeniaca L.)


Fruit

Carotenoids

Components: Carotene, lycopene [1]

Kernel

Moisture, %: 5.56 [2]

Oil, % on dry wt: 40.39 [2]

d15: 0.915–0.921 [3]; d36: 0.9204 [2]

n20D : 1.470–1.476 [3]; n36D : 1.46375 [2]

Acetic value, mg KOH: 4.2 [3]


Hehner value, %: 93.0–97.2 [3]

Iodine value, % J2: 90–112 [2, 3]

Polenske value, mL KOH: 0–0.6 [3]

Reichert-Meissl value, mL KOH: 0.1–0.4 [3]

Saponification equiv., mg KOH: 292.2 [2]

Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 178–198 [2, 3]

Saturated acids, %: 2–8 [3]

Thiocyanogen value, % J2: 77–79.2 [3]


Unsaturated acids, %: 97 [3]

FAs (GLC), %: 14:0 – tr – 2.69; 16:0 – 2.1–4.5;

18:0 – 1.0–1.2; 18:1 – 60–79; 18:2 – 18–32;

20:0 – 0.5 [2–4]

Unsaponifiables

Main component: b-Sitosterol [3]

Seed

Essential oilComponent: Benzaldehyde [2]

Oil

FAs (GLC), %: 14:0 – 2.69; 16:0 – 4.4; 18:0 – 1.12;

20:0 – 0.5; 18:1 – 68.4–74.0; 18:3 – 21.0–21.7

[1, 5, 6]

Sterols

Components: D24-Cholesterol (0.91%), sitosterol,

estron, a-estradiol [7]

Use: Fatty oil – solvent for some oils and base of

liniment [8], source of “apricot milk” [9].

Rosaceae Juss. 710 Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot

References


[in Russian]

2. D.R. Dhingra, U.K. Shukla, Proc. Ann. Convention Oil

Technol. Assoc. India 3(2) (1947); Chem. Abstr. 45 N 8273

(1951)

3. Rukovodstvo po metodam issledovaniya, tekhnokhimi-cheskomu kontrolyu i uchetu proizvodstva v maslozhirovoipromyshlennosti, t. 5, L. (1969)

4. M.Y. Haggag, M.S. Hifnawy, Bull. Fac. Pharm., Cairo Univ.

13(1), 175 (1974); Chem. Abstr. 86, N 40213d (1977)

5. M.I. Goryaev, N.A. Evdakova, Spravochnik pogazozhidkostnoi khromatografii organicheskikh kislot(“Nauka” Kaz. SSR, Alma-Ata, 1977), pp. 104–382 [in

Russian]

6. R.М. Мirzakarimov, А.К. Таdzhiev, N.U. Rizaev, А.U.

Маkhmudov, Uzb. Khim. Zhurn. (5), 68 (1972) [in Russian]

7. O. Awad, Phytochemistry 13(3), 678 (1974)

8. G.К. Shreter, Lekarstvennye rasteniya i rastitel’noe syr’e,vklyuchennye v otechestvennye farmakopei (Мoscow, 1972),

119 s [in Russian]

9. Аtlas lekarstvennykh rastenii SSSR (Мoscow, 1962), 704 s

[in Russian]

Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot


Fruit

Unsaponifiables, mg/100 g: 44 [1]

Seed

Oil

TAG

Composition (HPLC), %: LeLeLe – tr; LeLeL – tr;

LeLL + LeLe – 2.0; LeLeP – 0.5; LLL + LeLO –

48.8; LeLP + LeLeO – 1.0; LLO + LeOO –

26.0; LLP + LeLS + LeOP – 9.0; LOO – 6.7;

LLS + LOP + LeOS – 5.5; LPP + LePS – 0.1;

ОOO – 0.2; LOS + ОOP – 0.2; LPS + ОPP – tr;

ОOS – tr [2]

References

1. L.I. Vigorov, Rastit. ResursyVIII(4), 557 (1972) [in Russian]

2. V.I. Deineka, L.А. Deineka, Chem. Nat. Comp. 40(3), 293

(2004)

Cerasus avium (L.) Moench(Prunus avium L.)


Seed

Essential oil

Content, %: 1.0 [1]

Oil

FAs: a-Eleostearic – 7.0–13.5; 18:2–2.2 [2, 3]

Use: The oil is used in perfumery and liqueur

industry [1].

References



2. J.A. Funes, P. Cattaneo, Ann. Assoc. quim. Argent. 66, N 5,

239 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 93(5), 41530m (1980)

3. A. Popov, Izv. Inst. Obshueva Neorg. Khim., Org. Khim.

Bulg. Akad. Nauk 9, 175 (1962); Chem. Abstr. 59, N 5495

(1963)

Cerasus erythrocarpa Nevski(C. bifrons auct., p.p.)


Seed


n420: 0.9140

Absolute viscosity, sp: 0.8443


Hehner value, %: 94.42

Iodine value, % J2: 96.15

Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 187.9

Thiocyanogen value, % J2: 76.40

Unsaponifiables, %: 0.31

FAs


Mean mol. wt: 280

Neutralization value, mg KOH: 200



4.36; 16:1 – 1.36; 17:0 – tr; 18:0 – 1.21; 18:1 –

73.56; 18:2–19.51

Cerasus vulgaris Mill. 711 Rosaceae Juss.
TAG
Composition, %: SUU – 0.32; UUS – 11.08; SSU –

0.12; SUU – 2.52; UUU – 86.03

References

1. А.U. Umarov, М. Мirzabaeva, Chem. Nat. Comp. 6(6), 764

(1970)

Cerasus fruticosa Pall. (Prunuschamaecerasus Jacq., P. fruticosa Pall.)


Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg%: 0.37–0.55 [1]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 37.3 [2]

FAs (GLC), %: 16:0 – 5.6; 18:0 – 1.16; 18:1 – 29.2;

18:2 – 60.5; 18:3 – 0.53; a-eleostearic acid [18:3(9,11,13)] – 3.5 [2]

References

1. E.V. Kucherov, G.K. Baikov, I.B. Gufranova, Poleznyerasteniya Yuzhnogo Urala (“Nauka”, Moscow, 1976), 263 s

[in Russian]


[in Russian]

Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill.


Seed

Oil

PhL

Content, %: 1.1

References

1. K.S. Мukhamedova, R.R. Аkbarov, S.Т. Аkramov, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 14(3), 330 (1978)

Cerasus vulgaris Mill.


Kernel of Fruit

Essential oil

Content, %:0.3 [1]

Pollen

Oil

TAG

FAs (GLC), %: 10:0 – tr; 12:0 – 1.72; 14:0 – 0.74;

14:1 – 1.09; 15:0 – tr; iso-16:0 – 0.47; 16:0 –

11.66; 16:1 – 0.16; 16:2 – 0.11; 17:0 – 0.12; 17:1

– 0.22; 17:2 – 0.46; 18:0 – 3.03; 18:1 – 10.19;

18:2 – 30.02; 18:3 – 37.91; 19:0 – 0.56; 20:0 –

0.52; 21:0 – 0.40 [2]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 30.68 [3]

n420: 0.9210 [3]







FAs


Mean mol. wt: 277 [3]

Neutralization value, mg KOH: 202 [3]



1.58; 12:0 – 0.25; 14:0 – 0.2–0.9; 16:0 – 4.3–8.83;

16:1 – tr; 17:0 – 2.92; 18:0 – tr – 2.9; 18:1 – 43.74–

60.8; 18:2 – 30.6–42.0; 18:3 – 3.0; 20:0 – 1.0 [3, 4]

TAG

Composition, %: SSS – 0.29; SUU – 36.08; UUS –

8.09; SSU – 2.26; SUU – 23.79; UUU – 62.49 [3]

References

1. Flora SSSR, X (АN SSSR, Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1941) [in

Russian]

2. V.А. Bandyukova, G.I. Deineko, D.K. Shapiro, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 18(2), 227 (1982)

3. А.U. Umarov, М. Мirzabaeva, Chem. Nat. Comp. 6(6), 764

(1970)

4. M.I. Goryaev, N.A. Evdakova, Spravochnik po gazozhidkostnoikhromatografii organicheskikh kislot (“Nauka”, Kaz. SSR,

Alma-Ata, 1977), pp. 104–382 [in Russian]

Rosaceae Juss. 712 Chaenomeles japonica Lindl.

Chaenomeles japonica Lindl.


Seed

Oil

TAG


LeLL + LeLeО – 1.3; LeLeP – 0.3; LLL +

LeLO – 17.6; LeLP + LeLe – 1.2; LLO +

LeOO – 28.4; LLP + LeLS + LeOP – 9.4;

LOO – 19.3; LLS + LOP + LeOS – 10.9;

LPP + LePS – 1.2; ОOO – 5.9; LOS + ОOP –

3.9; LPS + ОPP – 0.3; ОOS – 0.4 [1]

PhL

Content, %: 0.5 [2]

References


(2004)

2. K.S. Мukhamedova, R.R. Аkbarov, S.Т. Аkramov, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 14(3), 330 (1978)

Coluria geoides (Pall.) Ledeb.


Root and Rhizome

Essential oilContent, %: 0.4–1.8 [1–3]

d20: 1.0640–1.0690 [3]

nD: 1.5380–1.5400 [3]

Composition, %: eugenol – 93–98 [1–3]

Use: Essential oil is used in stomatology [2].

References


Poleznye rasteniya Zapadnoi Sibiri (Izd. AN SSSR,



[in Russian]

3. M.I. Goryaev, N.A. Evdakova, Spravochnik po gazozhidkostnoikhromatografii organicheskikh kislot (“Nauka” Kaz. SSR,

Alma-Ata, 1977), pp. 104–382 [in Russian]

Comarum palustre L. (Potentilla palustris(L.) Scop.)


Aerial Part

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.03–0.06

Leaf

Carotene

Content, mg%: 18

Seed

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.68

Components: a-Pinene, terpineol, citronellal, methyl

heptenone, iso-valeric and iso-butyric acids

References

1. A.Ph. Gammerman, G.N. Kadaev, A.A. Yatsenko-



Cotoneaster melanocarpa Lodd.


Fruit

Carotene, mg% on dry wt: 2.8

References

1. E.V. Kucherov, G.K. Baikov, I.B. Gufranova, Poleznyerasteniya Yuzhnogo Urala (“Nauka”, Moscow, 1976), 263 s

[in Russian]

Cotoneaster microphylla Wall.


Aerial Part

Essential oil

Components: Benzaldehyde, cyanogen acid

Crataegus chlorosarca Maxim. 713 Rosaceae Juss.
References
1. B.N. Rutovskii, Efirnye Masla (Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1931),

578 s [in Russian]

Crataegus almaatensis Pojark.(C. dshungarica Zab.)


Bark, Bud, Fruit

Carotene

References


[in Russian]

Crataegus altaica (Loud.) Lange


Bark

Oil [1]

Flower

Essential oil, %: 0.1–0.16 [1, 2]

Fruit

Carotene [3]

References






3. V.P. Petrova, Ukr. Botan. Zhurn. 29(2), 144 (1972) [in

Ukrainian]

Crataegus atrofusca Stev. ex Fisch. etMey.


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids

Components: Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid

References

1. L.R. Shcherbanivskii, V.М. Коsikh, Ukr. Botan. Zhurn.

27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus caucasica C. Koch


Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, % of fresh wt: 0.09

References

1. E.N. Novruzov, Rastit. Resursy 24(1), 48 (1988) [in Russian]

Crataegus ceratocarpa Kossych


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus chlorosarca Maxim.


Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg%: 6.42 (on fresh wt); 19.28 (on dry wt)

References

1. E.Z. Babareka, Vestsi AN Bel. SSR, ser. biyal. navuk (4), 42

(1964) [in Byelorussian]

Rosaceae Juss. 714 Crataegus curvisepala Lindm. (C. kyrtostyla auct., C. oxyacantha auct.)

Crataegus curvisepala Lindm.(C. kyrtostyla auct., C. oxyacantha auct.)


Flower

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.15 [1]

Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, % of fresh wt: 0.98 [2]

Triterpenoic acids

Components: Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid [3]

References

1. V.N. Voroshilov, Poiski novogo lekarstvennogo rastitel’nogosyr’ya (Мoscow, 1941), 255 s [in Russian]



27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus dahurica Koehne ex Schneid.


Bark, Bud

Carotene [1]

Flower

Sterols [2]

Triterpenoic acids [2]

Fruit

Sterols [2]


Leaf

Sterols [2]


References

1. Rastitel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikhkhimicheskii sostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae (izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101

[in Russian]

2. V.I. Bykov, In: Voprosy farmatsii na Dal’nem Vostoke (Kha-barovsk, 1973), vyp. 1, 80 [in Russian]

Crataegus densiflora Sarg.


Fruit

Carotene, mg%: 0.75 (on fresh wt); 2.33 (on dry wt)

References



Crataegus dipyrena Pojark.


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus intricata Lge


Fruit


References



Crataegus macrosperma Ashe


Fruit


Crataegus monogyna Jacq. 715 Rosaceae Juss.
References


Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid.


Bark, Bud

Carotene [1]

Flower


Fruit


Leaf


References

1. Rastitel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikhkhimicheskii sostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae (izd. “Nauka”, 1987), pp. 19–101 [in Russian]

2. V.I. Bykov, In: Voprosy farmatsii na Dal’nem Vostoke (Kha-barovsk, 1973), vyp. 1, 80 [in Russian]

Crataegus microphylla C. Koch(C. lagenaria Fisch. et Mey.)


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray)


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 9.0 [1, 2]

Oil, % on dry wt: 31.0–31.3 [1, 2]

n40D : 1.4676 [1]

Iodine value, % J2: 128 [1]

Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 183 [1]

FAs

Diene as C18-acid, %: nonconjugated – 50; conju-

gated – 1.0 [1]

Epoxy acids C18 (HBr), %: 2.5 [1]

Monoene as 18:1, %: 38 [1]

Saturated, %: 6 [1]

Triene as C18-acid, %: conjugated – 0.1 [1]

References

1. F.R. Earle, C.A. Glass, G.C. Geisinger, I.A. Wolff, J. Am. Oil

Chem. Soc. 37(9), 440 (1960)

2. F.R. Earle, Q. Jones, Econ. Bot. 15(4), 221 (1962)

Crataegus monogyna Jacq.


Bark, Bud

Carotene [1]

Flower

Carotene [1]

Fruit

Lipids

Components: n-Triacontane, 1-nonacosanol, b-sitosterol, ursolic acid, crataegolic acid, caffeic

and oleanolic acids [2]

Carotenoids

Content, mg/g: 0.20 [3]

Composition, %: Phytofluene – tr; a-carotene – 0.5;

b-carotene – 20.8; cryptoxanthin – 7.8; 5,6:5060-diepoxy-b-carotene – 14.5; violaxanthin – 52.5 [3]

Leaf

Triterpenoic acids


Carotene [1]

References


Rosaceae Juss. 716 Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex Bieb.

2. A. Ulubelen, S. Kartin, Istanbul €univ. Eczacilik. Fak. Mecm.

7(2), 67 (1971); Chem. Abstr. 77, N 72595k (1972)

3. L.R.G. Valadon, A.M. Sellens, R.S. Mummery, Ann. Bot.

39(162), 785 (1975)


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex Bieb.


Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, % on fresh wt: 0.93 [1]

Triterpenoic acids


References



27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit.


Fruit

Essential oil [1]

Carotenoids

Content, % of fresh wt: 0.13 [2]

Component: Carotene [3]

Content of carotene, mg%, 1.83 (on fresh wt); 5.05

(on dry wt) [3]

Triterpenoic acids


References

1. D.Y. Guseinov, Farmakol. i toksikol. 26(4), 435 (1963) [in

Russian]





27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge


Bark, Bud

Carotene [1]

Flower


Fruit

Carotene [1]

Content, mg%, 1.17 (on freshwt); 2.63 (ondrywt) [3]


Leaf


References


2. V.I. Bykov, In: Voprosy farmatsii na Dal’nem Vostoke(Khabarovsk, 1973), vyp. 1, 80 (in Russian)



Crataegus pojarkovae Kossych


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus rivularis Nutt


Fruit


Crataegus sphaenohylla Pojark. 717 Rosaceae Juss.
References


Crataegus rotundifolia Moench.


Fruit


References



Crataegus sanguinea Pall.


Flower

Essential oil [1]

Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, mg% on fresh wt: 5.8 [2]

Component: carotene [3, 4]

Content of carotene, mg%: on fresh wt 0.25–0.5 [4];

on dry wt 5.8–30 mg [3]

Seed

Oil

TAG


LeLL + LeLeО – 0.7; LeLeP – tr; LLL +



LOO – 15.2; LLS + LOP + LeOS – 7.5; LPP +

LePS – 0.5; ОOO – 6.1; LOS + ОOP – 2.7;

LPS + ОPP – 0.5; ОOS – 0.5 [5]

References

1. Е.А. Romanovskaya, Vest. sel.-khoz. naukiКаzakhstana (5),113 (1978) [in Russian]

2. Dikorastushchie i introdutsiruemye poleznye rasteniyav Bashkirii, vyp. 1 (АN SSSR, Bashkirskii philial, institute

biologii, Ufa, 1961) [in Russian]

3. E.V. Kucherov, G.K. Baikov, I.B. Gufranova, Poleznyerasteniya Yuzhnogo Urala (izd. “Nauka”, Moscow, 1976),

263 s [in Russian]


Poleznye rasteniya Zapadnoi Sibiri (izd. AN SSSR,



(2004)

Crataegus songarica C. Koch


Fruit

Carotene

References

1. V.P. Petrova, Ukr. Botan. Zhurn. 29(2), 144 (1972) [in

Ukrainian]

Crataegus sorbifolia Lge


Fruit

Carotene


References



Crataegus sphaenohylla Pojark.


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Rosaceae Juss. 718 Crataegus stankovii Kossych

Crataegus stankovii Kossych


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus stevenii Pojark.


Fruit

Carotene


[1]

Triterpenoic acids


References




27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus submollis Sarg.


Fruit

Carotene


References



Crataegus taurica Pojark.


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus tournefortii Griseb.(C. schraderiana Ledeb.)


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids


References


27(6), 763 (1970) [in Ukrainian]

Crataegus turkestanica Pojark.


Pericarp

PhL

Content, % on dry wt: 0.21

Composition, %: PhI – 10.3; PhC – 60.1; PhG – tr;

PhS – 1.7; PhE – 23.8

FAs of total PhL (GLC, 15% PEGS), %: 14:0 – 0.2;

16:0 – 40.7; 16:1 – 1.4; 18:0 – 2.0; 18:1 – 4.8;

18:2 – 36.3; 18:3–6.3

PhC

FAs total (GLC, 15% PEGS), %: 14:0 – 0.4; 16:0 –

86.7; 16:1 – 0.3; 18:1 – 4.9; 18:2 – 40.5; 18:3 – 6.9

sn-1-position (GLC, 15% PEGS), %: 14:0 – 0.4;

16:0 – 86.7; 16:1 – 0.6; 18:1 – 7.5; 18:2 – 3.7

Cydonia oblonga Mill. (C. vulgaris Pers.) 719 Rosaceae Juss.
16:0 – 4.5; 16:1 – 0.6; 18:1 – 2.3; 18:2 – 77.3;

18:3 – 13.8

PhE


0.1; 16:0 – 53.8; 18:0 – 1.6; 18:1 – 1.9; 18:2 –

34.5; 18:3 – 3.3


18:0 – 2.6; 18:1 – 2.9; 18:2 – 14.9


14:0 – 0.2; 16:0 – 31.7; 18:0 – 0.6; 18:1 – 0.9;

18:2 – 54.1; 18:3 – 6.6

PhI


0.5; 16:0 – 61.7; 16:1 – 1.4; 16:2 – 1.1; 18:0 – tr;

18:1 – 2.1; 18:2 – 14.9; 18:3 – 7.4

sn-1-position (GLC, 15% PEGS), %: 16:0 – 100;

16:1 – tr; 18:0 – tr


14:0 – 1.0; 16:0 – 34.2; 16:1 – 2.8; 16:2 – 2.2;

18:1 – 4.2; 18:2 – 29.8; 18:3 – 14.8

References

1. P.Y. Gazizov, А.I. Glushenkova, Chem. Nat. Comp. 31(4),

465 (1995)

Cydonia oblonga Mill. (C. vulgaris Pers.)

Family: Rosaceae

Fruit

Essential oil


Lipids (benzene)

Acid part

FAs (GLC): 16:0; 18:1; 18:2 [1]

Neutral part

Components: Paraffins C23, C25, C27 and C29, b-sitosterol, saringosterol, uvaol, ursolic acid (10

mg%) [1]

Ethyl esters

FAs: 6:0; 8:0; 10:0; 12:0 [2]

Fruit and Leaf

Lipids (petrol ether)


Lipids (chloroform)

Ursolic acid, %: 1 [3]

Leaf

Essential oil

Content, % on dry wt: 4.48; on abs. dry wt: 4.63 [4]

Moisture, %: 8.24 [4]

Lipids

Content, % on air-dry wt: 1.18; on abs. dry wt: 1.28

[4]

Vitamin E

Content, mg% on air-dry wt: 108.5; on abs. dry wt:

118.2 [4]

Peel of Fruit

Essential oil [5, 6]

Headspace sampling, by the method of Yabumoto

Composition (GLC/MS, capillary column DB-

WAX), %: Acetaldehyde – tr; ethyl acetate –

22.83; ethanol – 12.02; ethyl propionate – 29.23;

ethyl isobutyrate – 9.6; isobutyl acetate – 0.95; 2-

butanol – 0.31; ethyl butyrate – 5.38; ethyl 2-

methylbutyrate – 1.71; butyl acetate – 0.40;

isobutyl propionate – 0.50; isobutyl isobutyrate –

0.76; ethyl 3-butenoate – tr; 2-methyl-1-propanol

– 8.43; isoamyl acetate – 0.34; ethyl pentanoate –

0.15; butyl isobutyrate – 0.06; isobutyl butyrate –

tr; ethyl 2-butenoate – 1.11; butanol – 0.21; lim-

onene – 0.23; butyl butyrate – tr; (E)-2-hexenal –

0.58; ethyl hexanoate – 1.91; amyl alcohol – tr;

hexyl acetate – 0.68; ethyl 3-hexenoate – tr; (Z)-3-

hexenyl acetate – 0.58; (E)-2-hexenyl acetate –

0.08; hexanol – 0.80; (Z)-3-hexenol – 0.47; (E)-2-hexenol – 0.19; ethyl octanoate – tr; acetic acid –

tr [5]

Simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), bya modified method of Likens and Nickerson

Composition (GLC/MS, capillary column DB-

WAX), %: Acetone – tr; ethyl acetate – 4.7;

ethyl propionate – 0.18; diacetyl – tr; ethyl buty-

rate – 0.22; ethyl 2-methylbutyrate – tr; hexanal

– 0.44; 2-methyl-1-propanol – 1.73; butanol –

0.39; ethyl 2-methyl-2-propionate – 0.33;

heptanal – tr; isoamyl alcohol – 0.78; (E)-2-

hexenal – 0.20; ethyl hexanoate – 1.43;

amyl alcohol – tr; hexyl acetate – 1.01; acetoin –

0.84; (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate – 0.28; (E)-2-hexenyl

Rosaceae Juss. 720 Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.

acetate + ethyl heptanoate – 0.81; hexyl

isobutyrate – 0.79; isobutyl hexanoate – tr;

hexanol – 5.58; (Z)-3-hexenol – 2.95; (E)-2-

hexenol – 1.93; hexyl butyrate – 0.69; (E)-2-

octenal – tr; hexyl 2-methylbutyrate – tr; ethyl

octanoate – 6.37; furfural – 1.22; (Z)-3-hexenyl

butyrate – tr; ethyl (E)-6-octenoate – 0.65; ethyl

(Z)-6-octenoate – 1.45; (E)- or (Z)-theaspirane –

tr; benzaldehyde – 0.65; ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate

– 1.19; propyl octanoate – tr; (E)- or (Z)-theaspirane – 0.40; ethyl nonanoate – tr; isobutyl

octanoate – 3.02; isobutyric acid – tr; ethyl (E)-6-

nonenoate – tr; ethyl (Z)-6-nonenoate – 0.48;

butyl octanoate – tr; ethyl decanoate – 3.08;

ethyl (E)-4-decenoate – 5.62; ethyl (Z)-4-

decenoate – 4.96; trans-a-farnesene – 5.92; ethyl

dodecanoate + unknown – 13.65; ethyl (E)-

dodecanoate – 3.26; b-ionone – 0.73; eugenyl

methyl ether – 1.65; ethyl tetradecanoate – tr;

ethyl (E)-9-tetradecenate – tr; capric acid – tr;

ethyl (Z)-9-tetradecenate – 1.79; g-decalactone –tr; 2,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5 (E); 7-octadienoicacid lactone (stereoisomers) – 1.82; eugenol –

0.79; 2,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5 (E), 7-

octadienoic acid lactone (stereoisomers) – 1.95;

anisyl propionate – 0.28; 1,2,3-trimethyl-5-(2-

propenyl)benzene – tr; ethyl hexadecanoate – tr;

g-dodecalactone – tr [5]In addition: Linalool, citral, a-terpineol, D3-carene,

trans-b-farnesene, dodecane, methanol, 1-

propanol, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, 2-

methyl-2-buten-1-оl, 1-octanol, 2-

phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, 3-methylbutanal,

2-methylbutanal,2-methyl-2-butenal (tiglinicalde-

hyde), 5-methylfurfurol, 2-butanone, 2-heptanone,

2-methyl-2-hepten-6-one, 2-octanone, 5-

nonanone, 2-nonanone, 2-decanone, 2-

pentadecanone, diethyl ether, 3-methyl-

butylformiate, ethyl crotonate, ethyl-3-

methylbutyrate, 3-methylbutylacetate, methyl

hexanoate, ethylcinnamoate, ethyl-2-methyl-2-

butenoate, ethyl-3-hexanoate, propyl-2-methyl-2-

butenoate, ethyl-2-hexenoate, ethylheptanoate, 3-

methylbutyl-3-methylbutyrate, heptylacetate, 2-

methylbutyl-3-methylbutyrate, methyloctanoate,

2-methylpropylhexanoate, ethylbenzoate, 3-

methylbutylbenzoate, propylacetate, g-caprolactone [6]

Seed

Oil, % on abs. dry wt: 15.0–29.3 [7–9]

d204 : 0.9236 [7]

n20D : 1.4728 [7]

Iodine value, % J2: 120 [7]; 107.6 [9]


FAs (GLC, PEGS), %: 16:0 – 5.5; 18:0 – 0.8; 18:1 –

39.2; 18:2 – 54.5; 18:3 – tr [7]

Use: Essential oil is used in liqueur and lemonade

production [10].

References

1. H. Shibata, S. Maejima, S. Shimizu, Agric. Biol. Chem.

42(8), 1589 (1978)

2. Shimizu S., Yoshihara S., Agric. Biol. Chem. 41, 1525

(1977)

3. А.М. Аliev, I.S. Movsumov, Chem. Nat. Comp. 12(3), 352

(1976)

4. R.K. Aliev, P.A. Yuzbashinskaya, A.I. Ismailov, A.K.

Rakhimova, Izv. АN Azer. SSR, ser. biol. i med. nauk (6),

117 (1961) [in Russian]

5. K. Umano, A. Shoji, Y. Hagi, T. Shibamoto, J. Agric. Food

Chem. 34(4), 593 (1986)

6. Z. Schreyen. P. Dirinck, P. Sandra, N. Schamp, J.

Agric. Food Chem. 27(4), 872 (1979)

7. D.А. Rakhimov, Е.S. Kondratenko, K. Ubaev, А.U.

Umarov, Chem. Nat. Comp. 19(2), 226 (1983)

8. Rukovodstvo po metodam issledovaniya, tekhnokhimi-cheskomu kontrolyu i uchetu proizvodstva v maslozhirovoipromyshlennosti 5 (Leningrad, 1969) [in Russian]

9. E. Bures, J. Satek, Cas. lek. cesk. (8), 187 (1928); Chem.

Abstr. 23, N 3364 (1929)

10. М.I. Goryaev, Efirnye masla flory SSSR (izd. АN Kazakh.

SSR, Аlma-Аta, 1952) [in Russian]

Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.


Leaf

Carotene

Content, mg%: 17.5

References




Filipendula denudata (J. et C. Presl) Fritsch 721 Rosaceae Juss.
Dryas octopetala L.

Seed

Oil (petrol), % on dry wt: 7.0

FAs (GLC, 15% DEGS on Chromosorb W AW

DMCS), %: 16:0 – 5.7; 16:1 – tr; 18:0 – 2.8;

18:1 – 19.9; 18:2 – 57.0; 18:3 – 11.1; other – 3.4

References

1. C.M. Scrimgeour, Lipids 11(12), 877 (1976)

Eriobotria japonica Lind.


Seed

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.016

Component: Cyanogen acid

References


578 s [in Russian]

Exochorda racemosa (L.) Rehd.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 6.0 [1]

Oil, % on dry wt: 27.7 [1]

Epicuticular wax

Content, %: 30.1 [2]

Secondary alcohols

Composition, C27-7-ol – 0.1; C27-8-ol – 0.4; C27-9-

ol – 0.4; C27-10-ol – 0.2; C28-8-ol – tr; C28-9-ol –

0.2; C28-10-ol – 0.1; C29-9-ol – 2.3; C29-10-ol –

93.0; C29-11-ol – 1.0; C30 – 0.4; C31-9-ol – tr;

C31-10-ol – 1.0; C31-11-ol – 0.9 [2]

References


2. P.J. Holloway, C.E. Jeffree, E.A. Baker, Phytochemistry

15(11), 1768 (1976)

Filipendula angustifolia (Turcz.) Maxim.(Spiraea lobata b-angustifolia Turcz.; S.digitata glabra Ldb.; S. argunensis Ldb.)


Whole Plant

Essential oil

References


578 s [in Russian]

Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim.(Spiraea camtschatica Pall.)


Whole Plant

Essential oil

References


578 s [in Russian]

Filipendula denudata (J. et C. Presl)Fritsch


Flower

Essential oil

Components (GLC, 10% PEGA on Chromosorb

W): Benzaldehyde, ethylbenzoate, salicylic

aldehyde, methyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol,

heliotropin, vanilin

Rosaceae Juss. 722 Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.

References

1. N.А. Saiphullina, I.S. Коzhina, Rastit. Resursy XI(4), 542

(1975) [in Russian]

Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.


Aerial Part

Lipids


References


263 s [in Russian]

Filipendula palmate (Pall.) Maxim.(Spiraea palmate Pall.; S. digitata Willd.,Ulmaria palmate Focke.)


Whole Plant

Essential oil

Content, %: 1.25

References

1. М.I. Goryaev, Efirnye masla flory SSSR (izd. АN Kazakh.

SSR, Аlma-Аta, 1952) [in Russian]

Filipendula stepposa Juz.


Flower

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.2


W): Benzaldehyde, ethylbenzoate, salicylic

aldehyde, methylsalicylate, benzyl alcohol,

heliotropin, vanilin

References


(1975) [in Russian]

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. (Spiraeaulmaria L., S. glauca Schal., Ulmariapentapetala Gilib., Ulmaria palustrisMoench.)


Aerial Part

Lipids

Content, %: 3.2–3.4 [1]

Flower

Essential oil

Content, % on dry wt: 0.06–0.2 [2–4]


W): Benzaldehyde, ethylbenzoate, methyl salic-

ylate, benzyl alcohol, heliotropin, vanillin [2]

(GC/MS), %: Salicylaldehyde – 74.8; phenethyl

alcohol – 2.8; benzyl alcohol – 2.1;

4-methoxybenzaldehyde – 2.0; methyl salicylate

– 1.3 [5]

(Capillar column, SE-30, Carbowax), %: Hexanal,

2-hexenal, salicylaldehyde – 36; limonene, lin-

alool – 2.7; nonanal, 2-amylfuran, menthon,

menthol, methyl salicylate – 19; a-terpineol –1.3; carvon, piperiton, p-anisaldehyde, geraniol –

1.4; trans-anethol – 2.2; carvacral, thymol,

benzaldehyde, b-ionone – 1.8; dibutyl/

diisobutylphtalate [6]

Inflorescence

Essential oilContent, %: 0.2 [7, 8]

Composition (GLC, Reoplex-400, PEGS), %:

Salicylic aldehyde – 70; methyl salicylate,

geliotropin, vanillin, benzaldehyde, ethyl benzo-

ate, phenylethylphenyl acetate, benzyl alcohol,

5-hydroxymethylfurfural [7, 8]

Leaf with Branch

Essential oil, %: 0.1 [4]

Pollen


Carotenoids [9]

Fragaria sp. 723 Rosaceae Juss.
Root
Essential oil, %: 0.06 [3, 4]

Component: Salicylaldehyde [3], methyl salicylate

[4]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 14.0 [9]

FAs: 18:1; 18:2; 18:3 [9]

References


263 s [in Russian]


(1975) [in Russian]






5. A. Lindeman, P. Jounela-Eriksson, M. Lounasmaa,

Lebensmitt.-Wiss. Technol. 15(5), 286 (1982); Chem. Abstr.

98, N 3664d (1983)

6. M.G. Valle, G.M. Nano, S. Tira, Planta Med. 54(2), 181 (1988)

7. S.А. Коzhin, Y.G. Silina, Rastit. Resursy 7, vyp. 4, 567

(1971) [in Russian]

8. О.D. Barnaulovв, А.V. Kumkov, N.А. Khalikova, I.S.

Kozhina, B.А. Shukhobodskii, Rastit. Resursy 13(4), 661

(1977) [in Russian]


Filipendula vulgaris Moench (F.hexapetala Gilib.)


Leaf

Essential oil

Component: Salicylaldehyde [1]

Pollen


Carotene [2]

References





Fragaria ananassa Duch.


Fruit

Moisture, %: 89.6 [1]

Unsaponifiables, mg/100 g on fresh wt: 20 [2]


Content, ppm on fresh wt: 2.2 [3]

Composition, mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Tocopherol –0.56; b-tocopherol – tr; g-tocopherol – 0.15; d-tocopherol – tr [1]

Carotenoids

Composition (HPLC), mg/100 g on fresh wt: b-Carotene – 8.9–39; lutein – 31–42; lycopene 1.5 [4]

References

1. V. Piironen, E.-L. Syv€aoja, P. Varo, K. Salminen, P.

Koivistoinen, J. Agric. Food Chem. 34(4), 742 (1986)


3. V.H. Booth, M.P. Bradford, Brit. J. Nutr. 17(4), 575 (1963)

4. M.I. Heinonen, V. Ollilainen, E.K. Linkola, P.T. Varo, P.E.


Fragaria sp.


Fruit

Lipids (diethyl ether with 10% MeOH)

Organic acids

Components (GC/MS, Carbowax 20M): Propionic,

butyric, isobutyric, 2-methylbutyric, valeric,

isovaleric, hexanoic, isohexanoic, heptanoic,

isoheptanoic, octanoic, nonanoic, decanoic,

undecanoic, dodecanoic, palmitic, 2-methyl-

2-butenoic, methylbutenedioic, 2-methyl-cis-3-pentenoic, 2-methyl-trans-3-pentenoic, 2-

methyl-2-pentenoic, 2-hexenoic, 2-octenoic,

3-nonenoic, 3-hydroxyhexanoic,

3-hydroxyoctanoic, phenylacetic,

phenylpropionic, benzoic, 4-methylbenzoic,

cinnamic, furoic, succinic, glutaric

References

1. C.J. Mussinan, J.P. Walradt, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 23(3),

482–484 (1975)

Rosaceae Juss. 724 Fragaria vesca L.

Fragaria vesca L.


Fruit

Essential oil

Composition (combined GC-MS), mg/kg: acids:

Acetic acid – 0.45–1.5; propanoic acid, 2-

methylpropanoic acid – tr – 0.20; butanoic acid

– 0.45–0.65; 2-methylbutanoic acid – tr – 0.80;

hexanoic acid – 0.85–1.2; octanoic acid, decanoic

acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid – tr –

0.40; hexadecanoic acid – tr – 2.1; trans-cinnamic

acid – tr – 0.50; alcohols: ethanol, 3-methyl-2-

butanol – tr – 0.05; 3-methyl-1-butanol,

1-pentanol – tr – 0.05; 3-penten-1-ol – tr – 0.05;

1-hexanol – 0.20–0.50; trans-2-hexen-1-ol – 0.1–0.65, cis-3-hexen-1-ol – tr – 0.05; 2-ethyl-1-

hexanol; 1-heptanol – tr – 0.05; 2-heptanol –

0.05–0.10; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 1-octanol –

tr – 0.05; 2-nonanol – tr – 0.15; 1-decanol, 2-

undecanol, 2-tridecanol, 2-pentadecanol – tr –

0.30; linalool – tr – 0.15; a-terpineol, citronellol,methanol, benzyl alcohol – tr – 0.45; 2-

phenylethanol, 3-phenylpropanol, trans-cinnamyl

alcohol; carbonyl compounds: hexanal, 2-hexenal– tr – 0.05; 2-heptanone – 0.15–0.30; 2-nonanone

– tr – 0.15; 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, 2-

pentadecanone – tr – 0.45; acetoin – tr – 0.05;

benzaldehyde, verbenone, vanillin; esters: butyl

formate – tr – 0.10; hexyl formate – tr – 0.05; ethyl

acetate – 0.05–0.10; butyl acetate, 3-methyl-2-

butenyl acetate – tr – 0.05; hexyl acetate – tr –

0.10; trans-2-hexenyl acetate – tr – 0.05; cis-3-

hexenyl acetate, octyl acetate – tr – 0.05; decyl

acetate – tr – 0.05; ethylacetoacetate, benzyl ace-

tate, carveyl acetate – tr – 0.05; methyl butanoate

– 0.20–0.50; ethyl butanoate – 0.15–0.30; hexyl

butanoate, decyl butanoate, ethyl crotonate,

methyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate – tr – 0.15;

methyl decanoate, methyl dodecanoate, methyl

salicylate, methyl nicotinate, methyl cinnamate,

methyl anthranilate, methyl N-formylan-

thranilate; miscellaneous: diethyl ether, pentane,dichloromethane, chloroform, dodecane,

tetradecane, pentadecane, styrene,

phenylacetylene, linalool oxide (five-membered),

linalool oxide (six-membered), g-hexalactone,g-heptalactone, d-hexalactone, g-octalactone, d-octalactone, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-

furanone – 0.20–1.7; 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,

4-vinylphenol – tr – 0.05; eugenol – tr – 0.25 [1, 2]

Components (GC/MS): Hydrocarbons: 1,1-

Diethoxyethane, 1,1-diethoxypropane, 1,1-

diethoxypentane, 1,1-diethoxyoctane, 1,1-

methoxybutoxyethen, 1,1-ethoxypropoxyethane,

1,1-ethoxybutoxyethane, 1,1-methoxybu-

toxyethane, 1,1-diethoxybutane, 2-hydroxy-3-

methylbutane, 1,1-ethoxybutoxyethane, 1,1-

methoxypentoxyethane, 1,1-methoxypen-

toxyethane, 1,1-diethoxypentane, 1,1-ethoxypen-

toxyethane, 1,1-methoxyhexoxyethane, 1,1-

diethoxyhexane, 1,1-ethoxyhexoxyethane, 1,1-

ethoxyhex-3-ethoxyethane, 1,1-di-n-

hexoxyethane, 1,1-dihexenoxyethane; alcohols:

2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutane-2-ol, n-buta-nol, 2-pentanol; esters:methyl a-methylbutanoate,

isoamyl formate, amyl formate, ethyl n-butyrate,

ethyl a-methylbutanoate, ethyl isovalerate, 2-hexyl

acetate, isoamyl acetate, methyl n-hexanoate, ethyl

n-hexanoate, isopropyl hexanoate, ethyl

heptanoate, hexenyl acetate, butyl hexanoate,

methyl octanoate, n-butyl n-hexanoate, n-hexyl n-

butyrate, pentyl hexanoate, pentyl hexanoate,

pentenyl hexanoate, ethyl benzoate, n-hexyl n-hexanoate, cis-3-hexen-1-yl-caproate, ethyl n-

decanoate, trans-3-hexen-1-yl caproate, 2-hexen-

1-yl caproate, pentyl octanoate, b-phenylethyl ace-tate, hexyl octanoate, ethyl dodecanoate, hexenyl

octanoate, cis-ethyl cinnamate, trans-methyl

cinnamate, trans ethyl cinnamate, ethyl octanoate,

butyl a-methylbutyrate;miscellaneous: furfurol, 2-

acetylfuran, benzaldehyde, methylfurfurol,

acetophenone, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene,

1-methylnaphthalene [2, 3];

In addition: Hydrocarbons: Terpine, isopentane,

dimethoxymethane, dimethoxy-1,1-ethan,

methoxy-1-ethoxy-1-ethan, methyl a-methylbutyrate, ethyl a-methylbutyrate,

methylpentane, n-hexane, methylcyclopentane,

2-methyl-1-penten, cyclohexane; acids: formyl

acid, capronic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid;

alcohols: methanol, n-propanol, butanol-1, buta-nol-2, isobutanol, pentanol-2, hexen-2-ol-trans,

Fragaria virginiana Mill. 725 Rosaceae Juss.
ethyl-2-hexanol, borneol, p-hydroxyphenyl-2-
ethanol; esters: methylacetate, ethyl propionate,

methylisovaleriate, methylbutyrate, methyl

isobutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl valerate,

ethyl caproate, ethyl salicylate, propyl acetate,

ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, isopropyl-

butyrate, methyl caproate, ethyl caproate,

hexen-2-yl-trans butyrate; carbonyl compounds:

acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl-3-butanone-2,

crotonal, propanal, penten-2-al, cis-hexen-3-al,pentanone-2, heptanone; miscellaneous: acro-

lein, benzol, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3-methyl-

naphthalene, g-decalactone [4–6]Composition of acids, %: Formyl – 1.5; acetyl – 2.2;

propionic – 1.1; n-butyric – 1.1; isobutyric – 8.1;

(+)-a-methylbutyric – 40; caproic – 40 [7]

Neutral lipids

Content, %: 15 [8]

FAs (GLC), %: 16:0 – 3.9; 16:1 – 0.2; 18:0 – 1.8;

18:1 – 17.8; 18:2 – 37.8; 18:3 – 37.7; 20:1 – 0.8 [8]

PhL

FAs (GLC), %: 16:0 – 10.4; 18:0 – 3.6; 18:1 – 19.1;

18:2 – 48.0; 18:3 – 17.8 [8]

GL

FAs (GLC), %: 16:0 – 15.2; 18:0 – 1.5; 18:1 – 23.0;

18:2 – 38.8; 18:3 – 19.8 [8]

Juice of Fruit

Essential oilContent, %: 4.2 [8]

Lipids

Content, %: 0.75 [8]

Acids, %: Capronic – 0.15; valerianic – 0.08; n-

butanoic + iso-butanoic – 0.052; acetic – 0.012 [8]

Esters

Content, %: 0.94 [8]

Components: Ethyl n-capronate, n-hexyl acetate,

trans-hexen-2-ol-1, his acetate [8]

Leaf

Essential oil [9]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 16.0–19.0 [10, 11]


FAs

Components: 16:0; 16:1; 18:0; 18:1; 18:2 [8]

Triterpenes, %: 5.9 [12]

References

1. T. Pyysalo, E. Honkanen, T. Hirvi, J. Agric. Food Chem.

27(1), 19 (1979)

2. P. Dirinck, L. Schreyen, N. Schamp, J. Agric. Food Chem.

25, 759 (1977)

3. W.H. McFadden, R. Teranishi, I. Course, D.R. Black, T.R.

Mon, J. Chromatogr. 18(1), 10 (1965)

4. M. Winter, B. Willhalm, Helv. Chim. Acta 47, 1215 (1964)

5. W.H. McFadden, R. Teranishi, I. Course, D.R. Black, T.R.

Mon, J. Chromatogr. 18(1), 10 (1965)

6. R. Teranishi, J.W. Corse, W.H. McFadden, D.R. Black, A.I.

Morgan, J. Food Sci. 28(4), 478 (1963)

7. B. Willhalm, E. Palluy, M. Winter, Helv. Chim. Acta 49, 65

(1966)

8. Rastitel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikhkhimicheskii sostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae (izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–

101 [in Russian]

9. S.S. Stankov, Dikorastushchie poleznye rasteniya SSSR, 2izd., М. (1951), 316 s [in Russian]




11. А.А. Grossgeim, Rastitel’nye bogatstva Kavkaza, 2 izd.,

М., 1952, 631 s [in Russian]

12. A. Pourrat, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 112(7–8), 351 (1965)

Fragaria virginiana Mill.


Seed

Oil

TAG

Composition (HPLC), %: LeLeLe – 4.4; LeLeL –

12.0; LeLL + LeLeО – 20.9 (3:1); LeLeP – 1.8;

LLL + LeLO – 21.7 (2:3); LeLP + LeLe – 5.0;

LLO + LeOO – 13.8; LLP + LeLS + LeOP –

6.5; LOO – 5.1; LLS + LOP + LeOS – 4.7;


1.3; LPS + ОPP – 0.7; ОOS – tr

References


(2004)

Rosaceae Juss. 726 Fragaria viridis Duch. (F. collina Ehrh.)

Fragaria viridis Duch. (F. collina Ehrh.)


Fruit

Essential oil

Leaf

Essential oil

References

1. S.S. Stankov,Dikorastushchie poleznye rasteniya SSSR, 2 izd.(Мoscow, 1951), 316 s [in Russian]

Geum aleppicum Jacq. (G. strictum (Ait.)Clausen)


Root with Rhizome

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.4

References

1. N.I. Suprunov, P.G. Gorovoi, Y.A. Pankov, Efirno-maslichnye rasteniya Dal’nego Vostoka (“Nauka”, Novosi-

birsk, 1972), 187 s [in Russian]

Geum chiloense Balb. (G. quellyon)


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 1.4 [1, 2]

Oil, % on dry wt: 24–24.4 [1, 2]

n40D : 1.4720 [1]



FAs

Diene as C18-acid, %: nonconjugated – 26 [1]

Epoxy acids C18 (HBr), %: 0.3 [1]

Monoene as 18:1, %: 37 [1]

Saturated, %: 3 [1]

Triene as C18-acid, %: nonconjugated – 30 [1]

References

1. F.R. Earle, C.A. Glass, G.C. Geisinger, I.A. Wolff, J. Am. Oil

Chem. Soc. 37(9), 440 (1960)


Geum japonicum Thunb.


Whole Plant

Lipids (methanol)

Triterpenoic acids

Components (CC): 2a-Hydroxyoleanolic acid, 2a-hydroxyursolic acid, 2a,19a-dihydroxyursolic acid

References

1. S. Shigenaga, I. Kouno, N. Kawano, Phytochemistry 24(1),

115 (1985)

Geum macrophyllum Willd. var.sachalinensis (Koidz.) Hara ¼ G. fanriei


Root

Essential oilContent, %: 1.2 [1, 2]

References

1. R.К. Аliev, N.D. Аliev, А.K. Rakhimova, Dokl. АN Аzer.

SSR 17(6), 519 (1961) [in Russian]

2. V.N. Voroshilov, Poiski novogo lekarstvennogo rastitel’nogosyr’ya (Мoscow, 1941), 255 s [in Russian]

Geum montanum L.


Root

Essential oilContent, cc/100 g on dry wt: 0.2–0.35; on fresh wt:

0.04–0.08

Component (TLC): Eugenol

Hulthemia berberifolia (Pall.) Dumort. 727 Rosaceae Juss.
References
1. A. Krupinska, Ann. Pharm. (Poznan) 8, 93 (1970); Chem.

Abstr. 74, N 102954j (1971)

Geum rivale L. subsp. urbanum (L.) A. etD. Love ¼ G. urbanum


Leaf

Carotene

Content, mg% on fresh wt: 13.7 [1, 2]

Rhizome

Essential oilComponents: Eugenol, gein [3]

Oil (fatty) [4]

Root

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.1 [5]

Component: Eugenol [5]

References

1. А.А. Grossgeim, Rastitel’nye bogatstsva Kavkaza, 2 izd.

(Мoscow, 1952), 631 s [in Russian]


263 s [in Russian]

3. A. Krupinska, Ann. Pharm. 8(93) (1970); Chem. Abstr. 74,

N 102954 (1971)

4. R.К. Аliev, N.D. Аliev, А.Kh. Rakhimova, Dokl. АN Аzer.

SSR 17(6), 519 (1961) [in Russian]



Geum urbanum L. (Geum rivale L., subsp.urbanum (L.) A. et D. Love,G.caryophyllatum Pers.,G. ibericum Bess.,Caryophyllata urbana Scop., C. officinalisScop.)


Leaf

Carotene [1, 2]

Rhizome

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.2 [3, 4]

Components: Eugenol, gein [5]

Root

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.022–0.4 [6, 7]

Content, cc/100 g on dry wt: 0.52–0.65; on fresh wt:

0.14–0.23 [8]; % on dry wt: 0.022–0.1 [9]

[a]20 10 [8]

d20: 1.041 [8]; d13.5: 1.0370 [9]; d13,5: 1.087 [7]

n20D : 1.525 [8]

Component (TLC): Eugenol [8, 9]

Use: Is used as spice and in liqueur and brewing

trade [7].

References

1. А.А. Grossgeim, Rastitel’nye bogatstsva Kavkaza, 2 izd.

(Мoscow, 1952), 631 s [in Russian]

2. G.G. Bosse, Vitaminonosnye rasteniya SSSR i ikh pishchevoeispol’zovanie (Мoscow, 1943), 105 s [in Russian]

3. R.К. Аliev, N.D. Аliev, А.K. Rakhimova, Dokl. АN Аzer.

SSR 17(6), 519 (1961) [in Russian]

4. E.V. Kucherov, G.K. Baikov, I.B. Gufranova, Poleznyerasteniya Yuzhnogo Urala (Izd. “Nauka”, Moscow, 1976),

263 s [in Russian]

5. C. Wehmer, Die Pflanzenstoffe, Bd. 1–2, Jena (1929), Bd. 1,640 s




7. M.I. Goryaev, Efirnye masla flory SSSR (izd. AN Kaz. SSR,

Alma-Ata, 1952), p. 249 [in Russian]

8. A. Krupinska, Ann. Pharm. (Poznan) 8, 93 (1970); Chem.

Abstr. 74, N 102954j (1971)

9. B.N. Rutovskii, Efirnye Masla (Moskwa-Leningrad, 1931),

578 s [in Russian]

Hulthemia berberifolia (Pall.) Dumort.(H. persica persica (Michx. ex Juss.)Bornm.)


Flower

Essential oil

Rosaceae Juss. 728 Laurocerasus officinalis M. Roem.

References



Laurocerasus officinalis M. Roem.


Leaf

Essential oil

[a]D: (�0�460)–(+ 0�300) [1]d: 1.046–1.067 [1]

nD: 1.5400–1.5470 [1]

Acid value, mg KOH: 1.6–10.8 [1]

Components: Benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, cyan-

ogens acid [1]

Oil

Sterols (total)

Content, %: 0.001–0.02 [2]

Free sterols

Composition, %: b-Sitosterol – 70.6; stigmasterol –

2.1; cholesterol – 10.1 [2]

Ethers of sterols

Composition, %: b-Sitosterol – 99.8 [2]

SG

Composition of sterols, %: b-Sitosterol – 22;

campesterol – 34.1; cholesterol – 35.5 [2]

Triterpenoids

Content, %: 2.7 [3]

Ursolic acid

Content, %: 1.0 [3]

Leaf with Young Branch

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.5 [1]

Components: Benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, cyan-

ogen acid [1]

Seed

Essential oil

Content, %: 1.0 [1]

d: 1.012 [1]

Composition, %: Benzaldehyde – 98; benzyl alco-

hol, benzaldehyde cyanohydrin, cyanogen acid –

0.4–0.8 [1]

Oil

FAs: 18:1; 18:2 [4]

Use: The oil is used in soap, food, and pharmaceutical

industry [5].

References

1. М.I. Goryaev, Efirnye masla flory SSSR (Аlma-Аta, 1952),

378 s [in Russian]

2. L.S. Tushishvili, N.Е. Zambakhidze, N.А. Kekelidze, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 13(5), 594 (1977)

3. J. Le Men, H. Pourrat, Ann. Pharm. franc. 13, 169 (1955);

Chem. Abstr. 49, N 11959 (1955)

4. R. Hegnauer, Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen: Bd. 1–6

(Birkh€auser, Basel, Stuttgart, 1969), Bd. 5, 506 s; 1966, Bd.

4, 551 s; 1973, Bd. 6, 882 s.

5. Т.Y. Leshchuk, Аgrotekhnika osnovnykh efiro-maslichnykhkultur (1948) [in Russian]

Malus domestica Borkh.


Pollen

Oil

TAG

FAs (GLC), %: 10:0 – tr; 12:0 – 1.14; 14:0 – 0.86;

14:1 – tr; 15:0 – 0.20; iso-16:0 – tr; 16:0 – 33.83;

16:1 – 0.33; 16:2 – tr; 17:0 – 0.21; 17:1 – 0.18;

17:2 – tr; 18:0 – 3.67; 18:1 – 13.39; 18:2 – 10.59;

18:3 – 32.38; 19:0 – 0.47; 20:0 – 0.63; 21:0 –

1.91 [1]

Seed

Oil

TAG





LOO – 19.2; LLS + LOP + LeOS – 10.7;


4.2; LPS + ОPP – 0.8; ОOS – 2.1 [2]

References

1. V.А. Bandyukova, G.I. Deineko, D.К. Shapiro, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 18(2), 227 (1982)


(2004)

Malus sp. 729 Rosaceae Juss.
Malus pumila Mill.

Fruit

Cutine

Composition of monomers (treatment with LiAlH4)

(GLC/MS, 3% OV-1 on Gas Chrom-Q), %:

Hexadecan-1-ol – 0.29; octadecan-1-ol – 1.38;

octadecen-1-ol – tr; eicosan-1-ol – tr;

hexadecane-1,16-diol – 6.62; octadecane-1,18-

diol – 2.51; octadecene-1,18-diol – 7.30;

hexadecanetriol – 23.11; octadecane-1,9,18-

triol – 13.11; octadecene-1,9,18-triol – 14.63;

octadecane-1,9,10,18-tetraol – 24.88;

octadecene-1,9,10,18–tetraol – 6.05 [1]

Peel of Fruit

Carotenoids

Free carotenoids

Composition (CC, TLC), ng/g on fresh wt: b-Carotene – 110; lutein – 230; violaxanthin –

330; neoxanthin – 20 [2]

Monoester

Composition of carotenoids (CC, TLC), ng/g on

fresh wt: Violaxanthin – 1,480; neoxanthin –

420 [2]

Composition of esters (HPLC), %:

Violaxanthin: Laurate – 14.5; myristate – 5.2; oleate

– 17.0; palmitate – 43.6; stearate – 14.7

Neoxanthin: Laurate – 12.9;myristate – 5.2; oleate +

palmitate – 55.8; stearate – 12.0 [2]

Diesters

Composition (CC, TLC), ng/g on fresh wt: Lutein –330; violaxanthin – 5,140; neoxanthin – 2010 [2]

Composition of diesters (HPLC), %:

Lutein: Caproate – 10.6; laurate – 15.6; myristate –

15.3; palmitate – 4.9; stearate – 1.4

Violaxanthin: Myristate – 8.4; palmitate – 15.4;

stearate – 5.7

Neoxanthin: Myristate – 11.6; stearate – 7.4 [2]

References


(1972)

2. M. Knee, Phytochemistry 27(4), 1005 (1988)

Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem.(M. anisophylla Sumn., M. heterophyllaSumn. non valide publ., M. hissaricaKudr., M. jarmolenkoi Sumn., M.juzepczukii Vass. non valide publ., M.kirghisorum Al. Theod. et Fed., M.kudrjaschevii Sumn., M. linczevskiiPoljak., M. niedzwetzkyana Dieck, M.persicifolta (M. Pop.) Sumn., M. pumilaMill. var persicifolia M. Pop., M.schischkinii Poljak., M. sieversii subsp.hissarica (Kudr.) Likhonos, M. sieversiisubsp. kirghisorum (Al. Theod et Fed.)Likhonos, M. sieversii subsp.turkmenorum (Juz. et M. Pop.) Likhonos,M. sylvestrisMill. subsp. sieversii (Ledeb.)Soo, M. tienschanica Sumn., M.turkmenorum Juz. et M. Pop.)


Fruit

Cutine

Components of monomers: 18-hydroxyoctadeca-

9,12-dienoic acid, 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic

acid, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoic

acid, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid,

9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid

References

1. P.J. Holloway, Phytochemistry 12(12), 2913 (1973)

Malus sp.


Fruit

Essential oilComponents: Acetone, diethyl ether, n-pentane,

dichloromethane, 2-methylpentane, 2-

methylpropanol, 2-methylpentane, n-hexane,chloroform, ethyl acetate, methylcyclopentane, 2-

methylpropan-1-ol, benzene, tetrachloromethane,

cyclohexane, 1-butanol, 1-propylacetate,

methylcyclohexane, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, toluene,

2-methyl-1-propyl acetate, 1-butylacetate,

Rosaceae Juss. 730 Malus sylvestris Mill. (M. praecox (Pall.) Borkh.)

ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylene, 3-methyl-1-butyl

acetate, o-xylene, 1-butylpropionate, 1-

pentylacetate, a-pinene, 1-butylbutyrate, 1-hexylacetate, 1-hexyl butyrate, estragol [1]

In addition (GLC, DC-705 on Celit 545): Acetalde-hyde, methyl octanoate, ethyl octanoate, metha-

nol, methylethylketone, ethanol, isopropanol,

hexyl propionate methyl propyl ketone,

butyl octanoate, isoamyl octanoate, amyl

octanoate, ethyl capronate, propyl capronate,

2-methyl-1-butanol, methylhexylketone, hexyl

octanoate [2]

Moisture, %: 87.5 [3]


Content, mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Tocopherol –

0.24 [3]

Carotenoids

Composition (HPLC), mg/100 g on fresh wt: b-Carotene – 12–39; lutein – 42–48 [4]

Cutin

18-Oxo-9,10-epoxystearic acid [5]

Seed Endosperm

TAG

FAs

Composition (GLC, 10% DEGS), %: 16:0 – 10.2;

18:0 – 2.0; 18:1 – 26.7; 18:2 – 61.1 [6]

Sn-1-position (GLC, 10% DEGS), %: 16:0 –

22.2; 18:0 – 5.7; 18:1 – 33.9; 18:2 – 38.2 [6]

Sn-2-position (GLC, 10%DEGS), %: 16:0 – 0.4;

18:0 – 0.1; 18:1 – 21.6; 18:2 – 77.9 [6]

Sn-3-position (GLC, 10%DEGS), %: 16:0 – 8.0;

18:0 – 0.2; 18:1 – 24.6; 18:2 – 67.2 [6]

Composition of TAG, mol %: DDD – 16.3; DDM –

42.6; DDS – 21.1; DMM – 11.8; DMS – 3.4;

MMM–0.9;DSS – 1.1;MMS–1.8;MSS–1.0 [6]

References

1. P. Dirinck, L. Schreym, N. Schamp, J. Agric. Food Chem.

25(4), 759 (1977)

2. A. Pribela, Biologia 20(3), 173 (1965)





5. P.E. Kolattukudy, Lipids 8(2), 90 (1973)

6. M.P. Velcheva, V.N. Dimov, G.P. Dimitrov, M.S. Dodova-

Anghelova, I. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56(6), 648 (1979)

Malus sylvestris Mill. (M. praecox (Pall.)Borkh.)


Flower

Essential oil

Content (steam distillation), %: 0.3; (pentane

extract), %: 0.1 [1]

Composition (GC-FID and GC-FTIR-MS (Fourier

transform infrared spectroscopy), % of peaks

area: Hydrocarbons: 3-carene – 1.23–4.20; p-

cymene – 1.83–3.17; n-decane – tr – 2.71;

dodecane – tr – 1.89; hexadecane – tr – 3.48, a-cumulene – 2.31 – 3.12, limonene – 4.31 – 6.13;

myrcene – 0.42–1.03; perillene – tr – 1.19; a-pinene – 0.40–4.15; terpinolene – 1.18–4.33;

alcohols/phenols/ethers: benzyl alcohol – 1.92–

8.13; borneol – 0.78–1.27; cinnamic alcohol –

0.17–2.13; eugenol – 1.12–4.11; geraniol –

2.22–4.11; hexanol – 0.13–1.33; 3-hexen-1-ol –

0.47–4.14; linalool – 0.83–2.03; menthol – 1.00–

2.39; 2-phenylethyl alcohol – 1.09–3.17; thymol

– 0.39–1.21; vanillin – tr – 3.27; aldehydes/

ketones: benzaldehyde – 1.71–13.35;

cinnamaldehyde – 4.13–5.11; (E)-citral – 1.47–

3.00; (Z)-citral – 2.00–7.39; decanal – 0.72–

1.88; b-ionone – 0.61–2.01; acids/esters: benzylacetate – 0.91–3.17; bornyl acetate – 1.08–6.12;

butyl acetate – 1.01–3.17; cyclohexyl acetate – tr

– 2.24; geranyl acetate – 0.91–2.63; 3-hexen-1-

yl-acetate – 0.78–0.92; hexyl acetate – 1.39–

2.11; methyl butyrate – 0.31–4.11; palmitic

acid – 1.29–8.33; linoleic acid – 1.17–3.47;

1,5-pentadiyl acetate – tr – 1.17; 2-phenylethyl

acetate – 2.29–3.18 [1]

Fruit

Carotenoids [2]

Seed

Oil (hexane)

FAs (GLC, Silar 5 CP):16:0 – 6.71; 16:1 – 0.09;

17:0 – 0.08; 17:1 – 0.05; 18:0 – 1.69; 18:1 –

28.17; 18:2 – 60.41; 18:3 – 0.47; 20:0 – 1.13;

20:1 – 0.47; 22:0 – 0.22; 22:1 – 0.03 [2]

Isomers 16:1 (Ag+/PТLC, Ozonolise), %: n-7 –

55.6; n-9 – 44.4 [3]

+

Orthurus kokanicus (Regel et Schmalh.) Juz. 731 Rosaceae Juss.
Isomers 18:1 (Ag /PТLC, оzonolize), %: n-7 – 1.1;
n-9 – 98.9 [3]

Isomers 20:1 (Ag+/PТLC, оzonolize), %: n-9 – 100

[3]

References

1. G. Buchbauer, L. Jirovetz, M. Wasicky, A. Nikiforov, J.

Agric. Food Chem. 41(1), 116 (1993)

2. К.К. Gutmanis, In: Rasteniya, ispol’zuemye v narodnomkhozyaistve (Riga, 1968), 13 [in Russian]

3. A. Seher, U.Gundlach, Fette, Seifen,Anstrich. 84(9), 342 (1982)

Mespilus germanica L.


Aerial Part

Ursolic acid [1]

Leaf

Triterpenes

Content, %: 2.1 [2]

Ursolic acid

Content, %: 0.7 [2]

Seed

Oil, %: 10.0 [3]

References

1. L.Y. Ivanovskaya, А.А. Ryabinin, L.P. Barabanova, Zhurn.

Obshch. Khim. 33, vyp. 10, 3446 (1963) [in Russian]

2. J. Le Men, H. Purrat, Ann. Pharm. franc. 13, 169 (1955);

Chem. Abstr. 49, N 11959 (1955)

3. R. Hegnauer, Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bd. 1–6 (Basel;Stuttgart, 1969), Bd. 5, 506 s; 1966, Bd. 4, 551 s; 1973, Bd. 6,

882 s

Mespilus japonica Thunb. (Eriobotryajaponica Lindl., Photinia japonicaFr. Et Sav.)


Flower

Essential oil

d: 0.9998

References



Orthurus heterocarpus (Boiss.) Juz.(Geum heterocarpum Boiss.)


Underground Part

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.35 [1]

Composition, %: Eugenol – 83.5; glycoside of euge-

nol (gein) – 0.97 [1]

Use: Essential oil is used as substitute of oil cloves in

stomatology and for receiving cementing properties

preparation [2, 3].

References

1. Z.K. Khabibov, Dokl. АN UzSSR (7), 42 (1960) [in Russian]

2. Z.K. Khabibov, Тr. Таshk. Farmats. Inst. 3, 162 (1962)

[in Russian]

3. K.K. Khalmatov, F.G. Akhmedova, Тr. Таshk. Farmats. Inst.

3, 60 (1962) [in Russian]

Orthurus kokanicus (Regel et Schmalh.)Juz. (Geum kokanicus Regel et Schmalh.)


Root and Rhizome

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.22–0.42 [1]

a½ �20D : (�1.40)–(�1.50) [1]

d2020: 1.0450–1.0508 [1]

n20D : 1.5265–1.5278 [1]


Eugenol

Content, % on abs. dry wt: 0.19–0.34; % on oil:

80.05–84.13 [1]

Aldehydes and ketones

Content, %: 17.00–19.55 [1]

Gein

Content, %: 0.56–1.17 [1–3]

Use: Essential oil substitutes oil cloves in

stomatology [1].

Rosaceae Juss. 732 Padellus mahaleb

References

1. Z.K. Khabibov, Dokl. АN UzSSR (7), 42 (1960) [in Russian]

2. I.P. Tsukervanik, А.G. Avanesova, Тr. Inst. Khim. АN

UzSSR vyp. 1, 53 (Таshkent, 1948) [in Russian]


Padellus mahaleb (L.) Vass. (Cerasusmahaleb (L.) Mill., Padus mahaleb (L.)Borkh, Prunus mahaleb L.)


Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 33–36 [1, 2]

FAs, %: 18:1 – 44.8; 18:2 – 13.3; a-eleostearic – 27–45[1, 2]

Sitosterol [3]

PhL

Content, %: 1.1 [4]

References


239 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 93(5), 41530m (1980)


[in Russian]

3. M. El-Dakhakhy, M.B.E. Fayez, Planta Med. 10(4), 455

(1962)


Nat. Comp. 14(3), 330 (1978)

Padus avium Mill. (P. racemosa (Lam)Gilib., Prunus padus L.)


Bud

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.26 [1]

Flower

Nonacosane [2]

Lupeol [2]

Sitosterol [2]

Leaf

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.03–0.05 [1]

Carotene [1]

Seed

Oil [3]

Use: Oil of fruits has bactericidal action (goldish

staphylococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, typhus,

paratyphoid, dysentery bacillus, colon bacillus, and

some anaerobic bacteria) [3].

References


[in Russian]

2. Z. Kowalewski, H. Grabarczyk, Diss. Pharm. et Pharmacol.

PAN 20(2), 211 (1968)

3. A.I. Shapiro, O.K. Filippova, Zh. Mikrobiol., Epidemiol.,

Immunobiol. (10), 26 (1947) [in Russian]

Padus maackii (Rupr.) Kom. (Prunusmaackii Rupr.)


Fruit

Carotene

References


Padus racemosa (Lam.) Gilib.


Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, mg% on dry wt: tr – 5.8 [1]

Leaf

Essential oilComponent: Prunasin [2]

Persica mira (Koehne) Kov. et Kost. 733 Rosaceae Juss.
References


2. А.А. Grossgeim, Rastitel’nye resursy Kavkaza (Мoskwa-

Leningrad, 1946) [in Russian]

Padus virginiana (L.) Mill. (Prunus serotinaEhrh., P. virginianaMill., P. rubtaMill.)


Bark

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.2

d15: 1.045–1.050


Leaf

Essential oil

Content, %: 1.0

d: 1.0532

Component: Cyanogen acid – 0.27%

Seed

Essential oil


References

1. N.А. Shugam, L.О. Shnaidman, Izv. Vuzov. Pishch. Tekhnol.

(1), 52 (1967) [in Russian]

Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwars(Dasyphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb., Potentillafruticosa L.)


Aerial Part

Carotene [1]

Leaf

Triterpenoids

Content, %: 2.0 [2]

Ursolic acid

Content, %: 0.7 [2]

References

1. A. Johnston, L.M. Bezeau, Can. J. Plant Sci. 42(1), 105 (1962)


Chem. Abstr. 49, N 11959 (1955)

Persica davidiana Carr.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 400




61.2; 18:2 – 30.7

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 34.6


References


13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

Persica mira (Koehne) Kov. et Kost.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 300




69.2; 18:2 – 21.7

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 41.3


References


13(4), 675 (1977) [in Russian]

Rosaceae Juss. 734 Persica sp.

Persica sp.


Fruit

Essential oil

Components (GC): Ethyl acetate, 1-nonene, 1-

decene, isoamyl acetate, pentyl acetate, limo-

nene, hexyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate,

trans-2-hexenyl acetate, nonanal, naphthalene,

furfural, 3-nonen-2-one, benzaldehyde, linalool,

monoterpene, carvomenthenol, a-terpineol, g-hexalactone, g-heptalactone, geraniol, g-octalactone, g-nonalactone, g-decalactone,tricosane, g-dodecalactone [1]

In addition (GLC/MS): Hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal,

hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, xylene, benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol, benzolthiazole, 1-methylnaph-

thalene, 2-pentylfuran, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal,

methyleugenol, 6-pentyl-a-pyrone,dihydroionone, b-ionone, d-decalactone, a-bergamoten, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline,

dibutyl phthalate, palmitic acid, methyl 3-

methyloxyoctadecanoate, C21H44, C23H48, bis

(ethylhexyl)phthalate, C25H52 [2]

(GLC, 20% Apiezon L or 10% DEGS): 1,2-

dihydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene; 1,2,3,4-

tetrahydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene (ionene)

and two C14H22 hydrocarbons; trans-3-hexen-1-ol, nonanal, methyl salicylate, eugenol [3]

Moisture, %: 88.8 [4]

Carotenoids

Composition (HPLC), mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Carotene – tr; b-carotene – 86–100;

cryptoxanthin – 51–82; lutein – 14–28 [5]

Tocopherols

Composition, mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Tocopherol –0.96; b-tocopherol – tr; g-tocopherol – 0.05 [4]

Leaf

Essential oil

Composition (capillary GC, DB-1), %: Hexanal – tr;

(E)-2-hexenal – tr; (Z)-3-hexenol – tr; benzalde-

hyde –>95; benzyl alcohol – tr; ethyl benzoate –

tr; (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate – tr; methyl salicylate

– tr; ethyl salicylate – tr; benzoic acid – 1.2;

eugenol – tr; (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate – tr;

benzyl salicylate – tr; palmitic acid – tr; ethyl

palmitate – tr; isopropyl palmitate – tr; C21H44 –

tr; C23H48 – tr; C25H52 – tr [6]

References

1. M.D. Spencer, R.M. Pangborn, W.G. Jennings, J. Agric. Food

Chem. 26(3), 725 (1978)

2. R.J. Horvat, G.W. Chapman, Jr. J.A. Robertson, F.I. Meredith,

R. Scorza, A.M. Callahan, P. Morgens, J. Agric. Food Chem.

38(1), 234 (1990)

3. T.R. Kemp, L.P. Stoltz, L.V. Packett, Phytochemistry 10(2),

478 (1971)





6. R.J. Horvat, G.W. Chapman, J. Agric. Food Chem. 38(7),

1442 (1990)

Persica vulgaris Mill. (Amygdalus persicaL.; Prunus persica Stokes.)


Kernel

Oil

d15: 0.914–0.925 [1]

n20: 1.471–1.473 [1]

Acetic value, mg KOH: 0.7–1.0 [1]

Hehner value, %: 94–95 [1]




Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 163–196 [1]

Thiocyanogen value, % J2: 78–81 [1]

Unsaponifiables, %: 0.3–1.5 [1]

Viscosity, E20, sp: 72.8 [1]

FAS

Saturated, %: 12.0 [1]

Unsaturated, %: 88 [1]

Composition of FAs (GLC), %: 14:0 – 1.0; 16:0 – 3–

15; 18:1 – 73.3–85.0; 18:2 – 16.4 [1]

Pulp of Fruit

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.00074–0.00082 [2]

Components: Acetaldehyde, furfurol, methyl

anthranilate, cadinene, paraffin, methanol,

Potentilla argentea L. 735 Rosaceae Juss.
linalool, formic acid, acetic acid, valeric acid,
capric acid and their esters [2]

References



Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.(Spiraea opulifolia L., Neilla opulifoliaBenth., Opulaster opulifolius O. Kuntze)


Whole Plant

Essential oil

References



Potentilla anserina L.


Aerial Part


Lipids

Content, %: 2.0 [1]

FAs: 14:0; 16:0; 18:1; 18:2; 18:3; 20:0; 26:0 [1]

Carotenoids

Components: a-Carotene, b-carotene [2]Sterols

Component: b-Sitosterol [2, 3]n-Nonacosane [3]

Ceryl alcohol [3]

Flower

Carotene [3]

Stem

Aliphatic hydrocarbons [3]

References

1. H.W. Youngken, E.B. Fischer Am. J. Pharm. 114, 372 (1942);

Chem. Abstr. 37, N 499 (1943)

2. N.F. Goncharov, А.G. Коtov, Chem. Nat. Comp. 27(6), 752

(1991)


Potentilla arenaria Borkh.


Whole Plant

Pigments

Composition, mg/g on dry wt: a- + b-Carotene –

0.336; chlorophyll a – 1.286; chlorophyll b –

0.850; xanthophylls –1.033

References

1. G. Fekete, Z. Tuba, I. Precsenyi, Acta Botan. Acad. Sci. Hung.

26(3–4), 289 (1980)

Potentilla argentea L.


Aerial Part


Carotenoids


Component: b-Sitosterol [2]

Flower

b-Carotene [3]

References

1. H.W. Youngken, E.B. Fischer, Am. J. Pharm. 114, 372

(1942); Chem. Abstr. 37, N 499 (1943)


(1991)


[in Russian]

Rosaceae Juss. 736 Potentilla asiatica (Th. Wolf) Juz.

Potentilla asiatica (Th. Wolf) Juz.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 0.35 [1]

Oil, % on dry wt: 21.74 [1]

n20D : 1.4848 [1]



Saponification, mg KOH/g: 185.88 [1]

Unsaponifiables; %: 1.5 [1]

FAs


Mean mol. wt: 280.20 [1]

Neutralization value, mg KOH: 200.22 [1]

Composition of FAs (GLC, PEGS), %: 16:0 – 4.51;

18:0 – 1.81; 20:0 – tr; 18:1 – 10.3; 18:2 – 24.39;

18:3 – 58.99 [1]

PhL

Content, %: 0.4 [2]

References

1. E.I. Gigienova, Е.I. Kiryushina, А.U. Umarov, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 13(4), 411 (1977)

2. K.S. Мukhamedova, R.R. Akbarov, S.Т. Akramov, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 14(3), 330 (1978)

Potentilla callieri (Th. Wolf) Juz. (P.taurica Willd. s.l.)


Fruit


References

1. А.I. Barbarich, О.М. Dubovik, D.V. Strelko, Zhirooliiniroslini Ukrainy Кiiv (1973), 132 p. (in Ukrainian)

Potentilla desertorum Bunge


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 0.18


n20D : 1.4822





FAs


Mean mol. wt: 281.94

Neutralization value, mg KOH/g: 198.98


18:0 – 2.55; 20:0 – tr; 18:1 – 15.97; 18:2 – 21.48;

18:3 – 55.55

References


Comp. 13(4), 411 (1977)

Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. (P.tormentilla Neck., P. silvestris Neck.)


Aerial Part

Carotenoids


Component: b-Sitosterol [1]

Rhizome

Essential oil [2]Triterpenoids

Content, %: 6.0 [3]

Root

Essential oil

Components: Cyneol, alpinine, galangine [4]CO2-extract

Content, % on abs. dry wt: 4.7 [2]

Composition of extract, %: Essential oil – 26; fatty

oil – 11.2; saponifiables – 59.2; unsaponifiables

– 40.8 [2]

Lipids (chloroform-methanol)

Content, % on dry wt: 9.1 [5]

Oil (hexane), % on dry wt: 1.3 [5]

d204 : 0.9900 [2]

Potentilla orientalis Juz. 737 Rosaceae Juss.
n20D : 1.5036 [2]

Ether value mg КОН/g: 290.0 [2]

FAs (GLC), %: 12:0 – 0.4; 15:0 – 11.5; 16:0 – 21.3;

16:1 – 7.0; 18:0 – 8.0; 18:1 – 30.0; 18:2 – 10.4;

18:3 – 11.4 [2]

(GLC, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS with 15%

Reoplex-400), %: 14:0 – 0.5; 16:0 – 16.5; 16:1

– 3.8; 18:0 – 3.3; 18:1 – 9.5; 18:2 – 44.1; 18:3 –

22.3 [5]

TAG

Content, % from oil: 96.9% [5]

FAs of TAG (GLC, Chromaton N-AW-DMCSwith

15% Reoplex-400), %: 14:0 – 0.9; 16:0 – 17.6;

16:1 – 8.4; 18:0 – 2.6; 18:1 – 21.1; 18:2 – 43.9;

18:3 – 5.5 [5]

Seed



Oil (hexane), % on dry wt: 11.3 [5]

TAG

Content, %: 96.2 [5]

FAs of TAG (GLC, Chromaton N-AW-DMCSwith

15% Reoplex-400), %: 14:0 – tr; 16:0 – 4.0; 18:0

– 1.7; 18:1 – 11.8; 18:2 – 32.6; 18:3 – 49.9 [5]


21.2; LeLL + LeLeO – 15.7 (2:3); LeLeP – 6.3;

LLL + LeLO – 7.1 (1:4); LeLP + LeLe – 5.9;

LLO + LeOO – 3.0 (1:1); LLP + LeLS + LeOP –

4.1; LOO – 0.7; LLS + LOP + LeOS – 0.9; LPP +

LePS – tr;ОOO – 0.2; LOS +ОOP – 0.1; LPS +

ОPP – 0.1; ОOS – tr [6]

FFA (GLC, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS with 15%

Reoplex-400), %: 14:0 – 0.4; 15:0 – 2.8; 16:0 –

12.1; 16:1 – 3.2; 18:0 – 2.5; 18:1 – 10.7; 18:2 –

26.9; 18:3 – 41.4 [5]

References


(1991)

2. G.I. Kas’yanov, E.А. Shaftan, Е.S. Кlimova, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 13(1), 94 (1977)


4. А.А. Grossgeim, Rastitel’nye resursy Kavkaza (Мoskwa-

Leningrad, 1946) [in Russian]

5. S.D. Gusakova, G.А. Stepanenko, D.Т. Asilbekova, Y.М.

Мurdakhaev, Rastit. Resursy 19(4), 444 (1983) [in Russian]


(2004)

Potentilla fruticosa L.


Aerial Part

Oil, %: 3.53–4.43 [1]

Carotene, mg/kg: 6.03–40.6 [1]

Sterols

Components: b-Sitosterol, stigmasterol,

campesterol [2]

Leaf

Triterpene

Content, %: 2.0 [3]

Components: Epi-ursolic acid, 2a-hydroxyursolicacid, ursolic acid (0.7%), tormentoic acid

(2a,19a-dihydroxyursolic) [3, 4]

References


2. Т.V. Ganenko, А.L. Veteshchagin, А.А. Semenov, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 27(2), 246 (1991)

3. J. Le Men, H. Purrat, Ann. Pharm. Franc. 13, 169 (1955);

Chem. Abstr. 49, 11959 (1955)

4. Т.V. Ganenko, А.А. Semenova, Chem. Nat. Comp. 25(6),

727 (1989)

Potentilla norvegica L.


Aerial Part

Carotene

References


[in Russian]

Potentilla orientalis Juz.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 0.37

Rosaceae Juss. 738 Potentilla pedata Nestl. (P. transcaspia Th. Wolf)


n20D : 1.4814





FAs



Neutralization value, mg KOH/g: 198.87


18:0 – 0.94; 20:0 – tr; 18:1 – 19.49; 18:2 – 26.14;

18:3–49.06

References


Comp. 13(4), 411 (1977)

Potentilla pedata Nestl. (P. transcaspiaTh. Wolf)


Seed

Oil (ether), % on abs. dry wt: 26.24

d20: 0.9347

n20D : 1.4839

Acetic value, mg KOH: 21.17



Hydroxyl, content, %: 0.65


Polenske value, mL KOH: 0.44

Phosphatides, %: 0.29

Saponification value, mg KOH: 191.33


Tocopherols, mg%: 34.69


Viscosity (Engler), E20: 5.44

FAs


Hexabromic value, %: 49.65


Neutralization value, mg KOH: 199.30

Saturated value (Bertram), %: 5.09

Mean mol. wt of saturated acids: 320.36


Composition of FAs (PC): Saturated acids – 4.82–

5.09; 18:1 – 15.65–16.54; 18:2 – 16.26–17.19;

18:3 – 51.14–54.06

TAG

Composition of TAG, %: SSS – 0.01; SUU – 13.75;

SSU – 0.74; UUU – 85.5

Pigments

Components: b-Carotene, chlorophyll b

References

1. I.P. Nazarova, А.I. Glushenkova, А.L. Маrkman, Uzb.

Khim. Zhurn. (3), 36 (1966) [in Russian]

Potentilla recta L. (P. hirta auct.)


Fruit

Oil, %: 11.16 [1]

Leaf

Ursolic acid [2]

References

1. А.I. Barbarich, О.М. Dubovik, D.V. Strelko, Zhirooliiniroslini Ukrainy, Кiiv (1973), 132 p. [in Ukrainian]


Chem. Abstr. 49, N 11959 (1955)

Potentilla reptans L.


Flower

Carotenoids

Components: b-Carotene, 5,6-monoepoxyde of a-carotene, 5,6:50,60-diepoxide of a-carotene,5,6:50,60-diepoxide b-carotene, cryptoxanthin,

epoxide of cryptoxanthin, mutatochrome, lutein,

trans-epoxide of lutein, cis-epoxide of lutein,

flavoxanthin, auroxanthin

Poterium polygamum Waldst. et Kit. (Sanguisorba muricata (Spach) Gremli) 739 Rosaceae Juss.
References

Potentilla tanacetifoliaWilld. ex Schlecht.


Aerial Part

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.3

References


[in Russian]

Potentilla tormentilla Neck.


Whole Plant

Triterpenes

Content, %: 6.0

References


Potentilla transcaspia Th. Wolf.(= P. pedata)


Seed

Oil (ether), % on abs. dry wt: 26.24

d20: 0.9347

n20D : 1.4839

Acetic value, mg KOH: 21.17



Hydroxyl, content, %: 0.65


Polenske value, mL KOH: 0.44

Phosphatides, %: 0.29



Tocopherols, mg%: 34.69


Viscosity (Engler), E20: 5.44

FAs


Hexabromic value, %: 49.65


Neutralization value, mg KOH: 199.30

Saturated value (Bertram), %: 5.09

Mean mol. wt of saturated acids: 320.36


Composition of FAs (PC): saturated acids – 4.82–

5.09; 18:1 – 15.65–16.54; 18:2 – 16.26–17.19;

18:3 – 51.14–54.06

TAG

Composition of TAG, %: SSS – 0.01; SUU – 13.75;

SSU – 0.74; UUU – 85.5

Pigments

Components: b-Carotene, chlorophyll b

References

1. I.P. Nazarova, А.I. Glushenkova, А.L. Маrkman, Uzb.

Khim. Zhurn. (3), 36 (1966) [in Russian]

Poterium polygamum Waldst. et Kit.(Sanguisorba muricata (Spach) Gremli)


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 5.99 [1]

Oil, % on dry wt: 17.73 [1]; on abs. dry wt: 20.12 [2]

d204 : 0.9272 [2]

n20D : 1.4807–1.4812 [1, 2]

Absolute viscosity by 20�C, puaz: 0.3982 [2]



Hehner value, %: 94.89–95.27 [2]

Rosaceae Juss. 740 Poterium sanguisorba L. (Sanguisorba minor Scop.)

Iodine value, % J2: 181.29 [1]; 164.02–166.59 [2]

Phosphatides, % 0.053 [2]

Polenske value, mL KOH: 0.61–1.06 [2]


Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 182.94 [1];

190.89–191.98 [2]

Saponification value with calculation of

unsaponifiables, mg KOH/g: 193.7–194.6 [2]

Thiocyanogen value, % J2: 101.77–102.2 [2]

Viscosity on Engler, E�: 5.66 [2]


FAs

Hexabromide value, %: 38.37 [2]

Iodine value, % J2: 184.36 [1]; 175.32 [2]

Mean mol. wt: 282.16 [1]; 274.80 [2]

Neutralization value, mg KOH/g: 198.83 [1];

204.18 [2]


Saturated acids (Bertram), %: 9.45 [2]



Mean mol. wt: 279.36 [2]


18:0 – 2.52; 18:1 – 16.48; 18:2 – 34.86; 18:3 –

38.48; 20:0 – tr; 22:0 – tr [1]

(PC, UV), %: 16:0 – 2.5; 18:0 – 11.24; 18:1 – 18.99;

18:2 – 20.98; 18:3 – 39.30 [2]

TAG

Composition of TAG, %: SSS – 0.142; SSP – 0.095;

SPP – 0.021; PPP – 0.002; SSO – 0.720; SSL –

1.108; SSLe – 1.491; SPO – 0.320; SPL – 0.471;

SPLe – 0.663; PPO – 0.036; PPL – 0.052; PPLe –

0.074; SOO – 1.216; SLL – 2.630; SLeLe – 5.219;

SOL – 3.577; SOLe – 5.035; SLLe – 7.405; POO–

0.270; PLL – 0.585; PLeLe – 1.161; POL – 0.796;

POLe – 1.121; PLLe – 1.648; OOO – 0.685; OOL

– 3.022; OOLe – 4.256; OLL – 4.444; OLLe –

12.502; OLeLe – 8.812; LLL – 2.179; LLLe –

9.200; LLeLe – 12.960, LeLeLe – 6.082 [2]

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 0.195 [2]

PhL

Content, %: 0.2 [3]

References


Comp. 13(4), 411 (1977)

2. B.М. Baram, А.L. Маrkman, Uzb. Khim. Zhurn. (4), 47

(1963) [in Russian]

3. K.S. Мukhamedova, R.R. Akbarov, S.Т. Akramov, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 14(3), 330 (1978)

Poterium sanguisorba L. (Sanguisorbaminor Scop.)


Aerial Part

Essential oil [1]

Leaf

Carotene [2, 3]

Triterpenes, %: 5.5 [4]

Seed

Oil, %: 17.7–20.3 [5, 6]

n40D : 1.4713 [6]



FAs

Triene, as 18:3, %: nonconjugated – 29 [6]

Diene, as 18:2, %: nonconjugated – 38 [6]

Monoene, as 18:1, %: 19 [6]


Composition (GLC, Silar 5 CP), %: 16:0 – 6.03;

16:1 – 0.13; 17:0 – 0.08; 17:1 – 0.05; 18:0 – 2.89;

18:1 – 13.16; 18:2 – 36.88; 18:3 – 38.20; 20:0 –

0.43; 20:1 – 0.64; 22:0 – 0.28; 22:1 – 0.10 [7]

16:1

Composition of isomers (Ag+-PТLC), %: n-7 –

62.6; n-9 – 37.4 [7]

18:1

Composition of isomers (Ag+-PТLC), %: n-5 – 0.4;

n-7 – 2.8; n-9 – 96.8 [7]

20:1

Composition of isomers (Ag+-PТLC), %: n-7–

65.6; n-9 – 14.1; n-11 – 20.3 [7]

References

1. E.F. Heeger, Pharm. Ind. 7, 370 (1940); Chem. Abstr. 37,

N 1563 (1943)

2. L. Grlic, Acta Pharm. Jugosl. 4, 115 (1954); Chem. Abstr. 49,

N 5594 (1955)

Prunus armeniaca L. 741 Rosaceae Juss.
3. Rastitel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh
khimicheskii sostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae (izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101

[in Russian]



6. F.R. Earle, E.H. Melvin, L.H. Mason, C.H. van Etten, I.A.

Wolff, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 36(7), 304 (1959)

7. A. Seher, U. Gundlach, Fette, Seifen, Anstrich. 84(9), 342

(1982)

Prunus amygdalus Boill.


Kernel


n25D : 1.4681



FAs

Content, %: 0.2

Composition (GLC), %: 16:0 – 5.35; 16:1 – 0.38;

18:0 – 1.12; 18:1 – 78.70, 18:2 – 14.45

References

1. C. Galoppini, G. Lotti, Olearia 16, 164–167 (1962); Chem.

Abstr. 61, N 11023 (1964)

Prunus armeniaca L.


Fruit

Essential oil (from fresh material)

Components (GC/MS, GLC, BD-1): (Ether elu-

tion): Hydrocarbons: (E, Z)-1,3,5-Undecatriene,

dodecane, tridecane, pentadecane; esters: ethylpropanoate, methyl butanoate, ethyl 2-

methylpropanoate, methyl 2-methylbutanoate,

ethyl butanoate, propyl propanoate, butyl ace-

tate, 2-propyl butanoate, ethyl 2-

methylbutanoate, propyl butanoate, ethyl

pentanoate, butyl propanoate, pentyl acetate, 2-

methylpropyl 2-methylpropanoate, methyl

hexanoate, propyl 2-methylbutanoate, butyl 2-

methylpropanoate, 2-methylpropyl butanoate, 2-

methylbutyl propanoate, butyl butanoate, ethyl

hexanoate, 2-methylpropyl 2-methylbutanoate,

hexyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl 2-

methylpropanoate, butyl 2-methylbutanoate,

butyl 3-methylbutanoate, pentyl 2-

methylpropanoate, 3-methylbutyl butanoate, 2-

methylbutyl butanoate, pentyl butanoate, propyl

hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, hexyl propanoate, 2-

methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate, methyl

octanoate, pentyl 2-methylbutanoate, hexyl 2-

methylpropanoate, 2-methylpropyl hexanoate, 2-

methylbutyl pentanoate, ethyl (E)-4-octenoate,

(Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, butyl hexanoate, hexyl

butanoate, ethyl octanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 2-

methylbutanoate, hexyl 2-methylbutanoate, (E)-

2-hexenyl acetate, 3-methylbutyl hexanoate, 2-

methylbutyl hexanoate, pentyl hexanoate, propyl

octanoate, 2-methylpropyl octanoate, ethyl (Z)-4-

decenate, hexyl hexanoate, butyl octanoate,

ethyl decanoate, hexyl benzoate, hexyl octanoate,

butyl decanoate, ethyl dodecanoate, ethyl

hexadecanoate; alcohols: butanol, 2-

methylbutanol, hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2-hexanol,

(Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol, a-terpineol; car-

bonyl compounds: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-

hexanone, hexadecanal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, tetradecanal, benzaldehyde,

phenylacetaldehyde, (Z)-2-heptenal, 6-methyl-5-

hepten-2-one, 3-nonen-2-one, 2,2,6-trimethylcy-

clohexanone; miscellaneous: limonene, (E)-b-ocimene, linalool, nerol, geraniol, geranylacetone,

b-cyclocitral, 3,4-didehydro-b-ionol, dihydro-b-ionone, epoxy-b-ionone, b-ionone, g-decalactone,d-decalactone, g-octalactone, dihydroacti-

nidiolide, g-dodecalactone [1]In addition: Terpene hydrocarbons, terpene alco-

hols, lactones [2, 3]; camphene, g-terpinene, g-butyrolactone [4]; damascenone, rose oxide,

nerol oxide [5]

Composition of esters, %: Butyl butanoate – 29.66;

butyl hexanoate – 24.54; hexyl butanoate –

11.78; ethyl hexanoate – 4.70; hexyl hexanoate

– 4.12; hexyl 2-methyl-butanoate – 3.50; butyl 2-

methylbutanoate – 2.76; ethyl butanoate –

2.00; pentyl butanoate – 1.45; butyl propanoate

– 1.30 [1]

Rosaceae Juss. 742 Prunus armieca

Kernel

Essential oil

Content (fermentation), %: 0.6–1.6 [6]

Seed

Essential oilComponent: Benzaldehyde (main) [7]

Moisture, %: 5.56 [7]

Oil, % on dry wt: 40.39 [7]

d36: 0.9204 [7]

n36D : 1.46375 [7]




Saponification equivalent: 292.2 [7]


FAs (GLC), %: 14:0 – 2.69; 16:0 – 4.40; 18:0 – 1.12;

18:1 – 68.42; 18:2 – 21.69; 20:0 – 0.50 [7, 8]

d24-cholesterol, % on dry wt: 0.91 [9]

b-Sitosterol [8]

References

1. G.R. Takeoka, R.A. Flath, T.R. Mon, R. Teranishi, M.

Guentert, J. Agric. Food Chem. 38(2), 471 (1990)

2. C.S. Tang,W.G. Jennings, J. Agric. Food Chem. 15, 24 (1967)

3. C.S. Tang, W.G. Jennings, J. Agric. Food Chem. 16, 252

(1968)

4. F. Rodriguez, S. Seck, J. Crouzet, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol.

13, 152 (1980)

5. G. Chairote, F. Rodriguez, J. Crouzet, J. Food Sci. 46(1898),

1906 (1981)


578 s [in Russian]

7. D.R. Dhingra, U.K. Shukla, Proc. Ann. Convention Oil

Technol. Assoc. India 3(2) (1947); Chem. Abstr. 45, N 8273

(1951)

8. M.Y. Haggag, M.S. Hifnawy, Bull. Fac. Pharm., Cairo Univ.

13(1), 175 (1974); Chem. Abstr. 86, N 40213d (1977)

9. O. Awad, Phytochemistry 13(3), 678 (1974)

Prunus armieca


Fruit

Essential oil

Components (GLC, Carbowax 20M): Myrcene,

limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, trans-2-

hexenol, acetic acid, cis-epoxydihydrolinalool,

trans-epoxydihydrolinalool, linalool,

2-methylbutyric acid, a-terpineol, geranial, gera-niol, g-octalactone, g-decalactone

References

1. C.S. Tang,W.G. Jennings, J. Agric. FoodChem. 16, 252 (1968)

Prunus avium L.


Fruit

Lipids, % on fresh wt: 0.1–0.3 [1, 2]; mg/100 g on

fresh wt: 123 [1]

Lipid phosphorus, %: 2.1 [1]

FAs (GLC, 25% DEGS-2% phosphoric acid): 14:0

– 0.7; 16:0 – 19.7; 16:1 – 0.4; 17:0 – 0.4; 17:1 –

0.2; 18:0 – 6.7; 18:1 – 33.5; 18:2 – 19.0; 18:3 –

18.4; 20:0 – 0.9 [1]

Composition of lipids (CC), %: NL – 31.2; GL –

23.5; PhL – 45.3 [1]

NL

Components: Wax esters, sterol esters, free sterols,

triterpene acids [1]


– 1.8; 16:0 – 26.4; 16:1 – 0.7; 17:0 – 0.4; 17:1 –

0.3; 18:0 – 8.1; 18:1 – 30.5; 18:2 – 15.2; 18:3 –

15.2; 20:0 – 1.3 [1]

Ester fraction, mg/100 mg total lipid: 11.8 [1]

Sterols, mg/100 mg total lipid: 1.2 [1]

Composition (GLC, 3% OV-101), %: Sitosterol –

95; campesterol – 5 [1]

Free sterol, mg/100 mg total lipid: 6.6 [1]

Composition (GLC, 3% OV-101), %: Sitosterol –

95; campesterol – 5 [1]

Triterpenoic acids, mg/100 mg total lipid: 12.5 [1]

Components: Oleanolic and ursolic acids (1:6.7) [1]

GL


– 0.9; 16:0 – 17.2; 16:1 – 0.4; 17:0 – 0.4; 17:1 –

0.3; 18:0 – 6.9; 18:1 – 29.3; 18:2 – 15.8; 18:3 –

28.1; 20:0 – 0.7 [1]

Acyl-SG, mg sugar/100 mg total lipid: 2.6 [1]

Component of sterols (GLC, 3% OV-101): Sitos-

terol over 95% [1]

MGDG, mg sugar/100 mg total lipid: 0.4 [1]

DGDG, mg sugar/100 mg total lipid: 1.62 [1]

Prunus cerasus L. 743 Rosaceae Juss.
PhL

– 0.6; 16:0 – 18.8; 16:1 – 0.2; 17:0 – 0.3; 17:1 –

0.2; 18:0 – 6.3; 18:1 – 35.2; 18:2 – 20.8; 18:3 –

16.5; 20:0 – 1.1 [1]

Composition of PhL, %: PhC + PhE – 80.0; PhG,

diPhG, PhS, PhI [1]

PhC, mg phosphor/100 mg total lipid: 1.16 [1]

PhE, mg phosphor/100 mg total lipid: 0.48 [1]

a-TocopherolContent, ppm on fresh wt: 1.3 [3]

Kernel

Oil (petroleum ether), % on dry wt: 28.3–37.9 [2]

Leaf

Ursolic acid [4]

Sitosterol [4]

Seed


n40D : 1.4692–1.4721 [2]

Iodine value, % J2: 123.1–127.8 [2]

Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 188.2–191.5 [2]


FAs (GLC, 20%DEGS), %: 14:0– tr; 16:0–6.7–9.9;

18:0 – 0.9–4.2; 20:0 – 0.3–1.1; 16:1 – 0.3–0.7;

18:1 – 38.6–53.2; 18:2 – 33.9–51.9; 18:3 –

0.2–0.8 [2]

Eleostearic acid, %: 7–10 [5]; 13.5 [6]

18:2 – 2.2 [6]

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 8–20 [5]

Sterols

Composition, %: Sitosterol – 87–94; D5-avenasterol

– 2.1–6.5; campesterol – 2.5–4.9; cholesterol – tr

– 0.6 [5]

References

1. D.G. Bishop, N.L. Wade, Phytochemistry 16(1), 67 (1977)

2. F. Farrohi, M. Mehran, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 52(12), 520

(1975)


4. S.A. Siddiqui, A.B. Sen, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 46, 755 (1969)


239 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 93(5), 41530m (1980)

6. A. Popov, Izv. Inst. ObshchaNeorg. Khim., Org.Khim. Bulgar.

Akad. Nauk 9, 175 (1962); Chem. Abstr. 59, N 5495 (1963)

Prunus cerasus L.


Fruit

Lipids (petroleum ether), % on fresh wt: 0.51–0.59 [1]

Kernel


d15: 0.921–0.929 [2]

n20D : 1.472–1.474 [2]


Hehner value %: 94.5–96.0 [2]




Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 186–195 [2]



Unsaturated acids, %: 91–92 [2]


FAs (GLC), %: 14:0 – 0.2; 16:0 – 4.3; 18:0 – 2.9;

20:0 – 1.0; 18:1 – 47–50; 18:2 – 40–42 [2]

TAG

Component (HPLC, the mobile phase CH3CN/H2O,

4:1, v/v): 1,3-di[(Z)-9-octadecenoyl]-2-[(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoyl]glycerol [3]

FAs (GLC), %: 18:1 – 63.6; 18:2 – 31.5 [3]

%: eleostearic 18:3(9,11,13) – 7.5; 18:2 – 3.0 [4]

Seed


Eleostearic acid, %: 14 [5]

Tocopherol, mg%: 8–20 [5]

Sterols

Composition, %: Sitosterol – 87–94; D5-avenasterol

– 2.1–6.5; campesterol – 2.5–4.9; cholesterol – tr

– 0.6 [5]

References

1. F. Farrohi,M.Mehran, J.Am.Oil Chem. Soc.52(12), 520 (1975)


3. A. Chandra,M.G.Nair, J. Agric. FoodChem. 41(6), 879 (1993)

4. A. Popov, Izv. Inst. ObshchaNeorg. Khim., Org.Khim. Bulgar.

Akad. Nauk 9, 175 (1962); Chem. Abstr. 59, N 5495 (1963)


239 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 93(5), 41530m (1980)

Rosaceae Juss. 744 Prunus divaricata Ledeb. (P. caspica Koval. et Ekim., P. cerasifera auct., p.p.)

Prunus divaricata Ledeb. (P. caspicaKoval. et Ekim., P. cerasifera auct., p.p.)


Coat of Fruit

Essential oil

Seed

Oil

FAs: 18:1; 18:2

Use: The oil can be used in perfumery for medical

soap grade production, in food industry – for making

canned fish.

References


[in Russian]

Prunus domestica L.


Fruit

Essential oil

Composition, GLC: o-Xylene – 5; p-xylene – 5.45;

styrene – 14; nonanal – 49.5; hexane-2,5-dione –

5.9; benzaldehyde – 1.8; naphthalene – 16 [1]

Lipids

Epicuticular wax

Alkanes

Content, % of wax: 20.1 [1]

Composition, %: C21–C31; C27 – 4.3; C29 – 86.0; C31

– 2.9 [1]

Alkyl esters

Content, %: 8.2 [1]

Composition, %: C34–C50; C40 – 45.3; C42 – 20.5;

C44 – 18.5 [1]

Esterified primary alcohols

Composition of alcohols, %: C18–C30; C22 – 4.9;

C24 – 64.8; C26 – 16.5; C28 – 3.9 [1]

Esterified FAs, %: 12:0–32:0; 16:0 – 15.1; 18:0 –

16; 20:0 – 10.7; 22:0 – 5.1; 24:0 – 12.8 [1]

Ketones

Content, %: 1.0 [1]

Composition, %: C29-10-one – 100.0 [1]

Aldehydes

Content, %: 1.1 [1]

Secondary alcohols

Content, %: 48.3 [1]

Composition, %: C27–C31; C27-7-ol – 0.1; 8-ol – 0.8;

9-ol – 0.5; 10-ol – 0.3; C28 – 0.5; C29-9-ol – 2.9;

10-ol – 92.7; 11-ol – 1.0; C30 – 0.6; C31 – 0.6 [1, 2]

Primary alcohols

Content, %: 3.0 [1]

Composition, %: C18–C30; C24 – 53.3, C26 – 24.1,

C28 – 9.6 [1]

FAs

Content, %: 0.5 [1]

Composition, %: 16:0–36:0; 16:0 – 6.0; 24:0 – 14.5;

26:0 – 10.8; 28:0 – 16.9; 30:0 – 14.5, 34 – 21.7 [1]

Triterpenoic acids

Content, %: 5.4 [1]

Composition, %: Oleanolic, ursolic – 1.0 [1]

Kernel

Oil

d15: 0.915–0.920 [3]

n20D : 1.470–1.472 [3]

Hehner value, %: 95–97 [3]




Saponification value, mg KOH/g: 185.8–198 [3]



Unsaturated acids, %: 92–94 [3]


Viscosity E20, sp: 72.8 [3]

FAs (GLC), %: 16:0 – 4.5–4.9; 18:0 – 1.0–1.4;

16:1 – 0.5–0.8; 18:1 – 69–72; 18:2 – 19–25 [3]

Seed

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.3–0.5 [4]

Component: Main benzaldehyde [4]

References

1. H.M. Ismail, G.A. Brown, O.G. Tucknott, P.J. Holloway, A.

A. Williams, Phytochemistry 16(6), 769 (1977)

2. P.J. Holloway, C.E. Jeffree, E.A. Baker, Phytochemistry

15(11), 1768 (1976)

Prunus mahaleb L. 745 Rosaceae Juss.
3. Rukovodstvo po metodam issledovaniya, tekhnokhimi-
cheskomu kontrolyu i uchetu proizvodstva v maslozhirovoipromyshlennosti, t. 5, L. (1969) [in Russian]


Alma-Ata, 1952,) p. 249 [in Russian]

Prunus instititia L.


Fruit

a-Tocopherol

Content, ppm on dry wt: 40.0; on fresh wt – 7.0

References


Prunus laurocerasus L.


Leaf

Essential oil

Content (fermentation), %: 0.05–0.5 [1, 2]

[a]D: (�0�460)– (+0�300) [1]; (+0�120)–(�0�460) [2]d15: 1.046–1.067 [1, 2]

n20D : 1.5390–1.5430 [1, 2]


Composition, %: Benzaldehyde – 98.0; benzyl alco-

hol, benzaldehyde cyanohydrin, cyanogen acid –

0.4–4.1 [1, 2]

Lipids

Triterpene (total)

Content, %: 2.7 [3]

Ursolic acid

Content, %: 1.0 [3]

Seed

Essential oil

Content (fermentation), %: 1.0 [1]

d: 1.012 [1]

References


578 s [in Russian]



3. J. Le Men, H. Purrat, Ann. Pharm. Franc. 13, 169 (1955);

Chem. Abstr. 49, 11959 (1955)

Prunus lusitanica L.


Leaf

Triterpenes

Components: Ursolic acid, 2a,3a-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, ursol aldehyde, friedelin

References

1. H.W.A. Biessels, A.C. van der Kerk-van Hoof, J.J. Kettenes-

van den Bosch, C.A. Salemink, Phytochemistry 13(1), 203

(1974)

Prunus mahaleb L.


Kernel

Oil, % on dry wt: 27–36 [1]


b-Sitosterol [1]

Choline, %: 0.08–0.1 [2]

Seed

Eleostearic acid

Content, % on FAs: 43.0 [3]

Tocopherols


Sterols

Composition, %: Sitosterol–87–94;D5-avenasterol–

2.1–6.5; campesterol – 2.5–4.9; cholesterol – tr –

0.6

References

1. M. El-Dakhakhny, M.B.E. Fayez, Planta Med. 10(4), 455

(1962)

2. M. El-Dakhakhny, Planta Med. 13(1), 23 (1965)


239 (1978); Chem. Abstr. 93(5), 41530m (1980)

Rosaceae Juss. 746 Prunus nepalensis L.

Prunus nepalensis L.


Leaf

Triterpenes

Friedelin

References



(1974)

Prunus padus L.


Flower

Lipids

Content (chloroform), %: 0.1

Composition (CC), %: Nonacosane – 22.8; b-sitosterol – 30.6; lupeol – 20.3

References

1. Z. Kowalewski, H. Grabarczyk, Dissert. Pharmaceut.

Pharmacol. XX(2), 211 (1968)

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. (¼ Persicavulgaris)


Leaf

Lipids

Content (hexane), %: 1.3 [1]

Components (CC): Hentriacontane,

hentriacontanol, b-sitosterol, ursolic acid [1]

Cutine

Composition of oxy-FAs, %: Dioxy-16:0 – 74.0;

9,10-epoxy-18-oxy-18:0 – 6.5–32.0; 9,10,18-

trioxy-18:0 – 5–25 [2]

Kernel

Essential oil (fermentation),

Content, %: 0.7 [3]

Pulp of Fruit

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.0007–0.00082 [3]

Components: Paraffin, formic, acetic, valeric and

caprilic ethers of linalool, acetaldehyde,

furfurol [3]

Seed

Oil (petroleum ether), %: 13.8 [4]

d30: 0.9024 [4]

n22D : 1.4655 [4]



Iodine value (Hanus), % J2: 89.2 [4]


Reichert-Meissl value, mL KOH: 1.4 [4]



FAs


Mean mol. wt: 274.8 [4]

Liquid FAs, %: 66.6 [4]


Mean mol. wt: 275.7 [4]

Solid FAs, %: 33.4 [4]


Mean mol. wt: 273.4 [4]

Composition of FAs (oxidation, polarographie), %:

14:0 – 6.54; 16:0 – 6.18; 18:0 – 5.59; 20:0 – 2.48;

18:1 – 72.94; 18:2 – 6.29 [4]

(GLC), %: 14:0 – 1.0; 16:0 – 3.0; 18:0 – 11; 18:1 –

73.3–85.0; 18:2 – 16.2 [5]

References

1. S.A. Siddiqui, A.B. Sen, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 46(8), 755 (1969)


(1972)


578 s [in Russian]

4. D.R. Gupta, S.K. Garg, Fette, Seifen, Anstrich. 70(7), 488

(1968)

5. M.I. Goryaev, N.A. Evdakova, Spravochnik po gazo-zhidkostnoi khromatografii organicheskikh kislot (izd.

“Nauka” Kaz. SSR, Alma-Ata, 1977) [in Russian]

Prunus sphaerocarpa SW 747 Rosaceae Juss.
Prunus salicina Lindl.

Fruit

Essential oil

Components (GLC/MS, 5% Igepal CO-880): Acet-

aldehyde,methanol, ethanol, ethyl ether (solvent),

1-propanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, 2-methyl-

3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-

penten-3-ol, 1-propyl acetate, 1,1-

diethoxyethane, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-

methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-

1-propyl acetate, diethyl carbonate, 1-pentanol,

ethyl butyrate, 1-butyl acetate, 2-methyl-2-

pentenal, 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-

butyl acetate, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-

ol, 1-hexanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-pentyl ace-

tate, benzaldehyde, 1-heptanol, 1-butyl butyrate,

ethyl hexanoate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 1-hexyl

acetate, g-hexalactone, 1-octanol, 1-heptyl ace-tate, linalool, benzyl, alcohol, benzyl acetate, 2-

phenylethanol, ethyl octanoate, a-terpineol, ethylphenylacetate, g-octalactone, 1-methylnaphtha-

lene, g-nonalactone, ethyl decanoate, biphenyl,ethyl anisate, g-decalactone, butylated

hydroxytoluene

References

1. R.R. Forrey, R.A. Flath, J. Agric. Food Chem. 22(3), 496

(1974)

Prunus serotina Ehrh.


Leaf

Essential oil

Content (fermentation), %: 1.0 [1]

d: 1.0532 [1]

Component: Cyanogen acid (0.27%) [1]

Lipids

Triterpenoic acids

Components: Ursolic acid, 2a,3a-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid [2]

Ursolic aldehyde [2]

References


578 s [in Russian]



(1974)

Prunus sp.


Fruit

Essential oil

Composition (capillary GC, DB-1), %: Hexanal –

1.0; (E)-2-hexenal – 10.3; (Z)-3-hexenol – tr,

benzaldehyde – 64.0; benzyl alcohol – tr; ethyl

benzoate – tr; benzoic acid – tr; benzyl salicylate

– tr; palmitic acid – tr; ethyl palmitate – tr;

isopropyl palmitate – tr; C21H44 – 1.6; C23H48 –

1.7; C25H52 – tr [1]

Lipids

Moisture, %: 86.2 [2]


Composition (HPLC), mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Tocopherol – 0.85; a-tocotrienol – tr; b-tocopherol – 0.01; g-tocopherol – 0.08 [2]

Carotenoids

Composition (HPLC), mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Carotene – tr – 31; b-carotene – 140–430; lutein –120–240 [3]

References

1. R.J. Horvat, G.W. Chapman, J. Agric. Food Chem. 38(7),

1442 (1990)





Prunus sphaerocarpa SW


Bark

Essential oil

Rosaceae Juss. 748 Prunus spinosa L. (P. stepposa Korov)

Content (fermentation), %: 0.046

d: 1.0409

Component: Benzaldehyde

Leaf

Essential oilContent, %: 0.001–0.085

Component: Cyanogen acid

References


578 s [in Russian]

Prunus spinosa L. (P. stepposa Korov)


Coat of Fruit

Essential oil [1]

Fruit

Neutral lipids (methanol)

Component: Nonacosane, nonacosanol-10, b-sitosterol [2–4]

Carotene [5]

Vitamin E [5]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 12.44–42.01 [5, 6]

FAs, %: 14:0 – 1.8–3.8; 16:0 – 4.96–9.9; 16:1 – 0.9–

1.0; 18:0 – 0.80–1.25; 18:1 – 66.47–67.41; 18:2 –

25.45–26.63; eleostearic 18:3(9,11,13) [5]

References



2. U. Kaminska-Thiel, R.S. Ludwiczak, Rocz. Chem. 41(2), 409

(1967)


(1970)


(1970)


[in Russian]

6. А.I. Barbarich, О.М. Dubovik, D.V. Strelko, Zhirooliiniroslini Ukrainy, Кiiv (1973), 132 p. [in Ukrainian]

Prunus virginiana Mill.


Bark

Essential oilContent (fermentation), %: 0.2

d: 1.045–1.050


Reference


578 s [in Russian]

Pygeum acuminatum Coleb.


Bark of Stem

Lipids (hexane)

Triterpenoids

Components (IR, NMR, MS): Acuminatic acid

(2a,3a,19a-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid);

friedelin, epifriedelinol, lupeol, betulinic acid,

ursolic acid, 2a-hydroxyursolic acid, 2a,3a-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid,b-sitosterol [1, 2]

References

1. R.S. Chandel, R.P. Rastogi, Indian J. Chem. 15B, 914 (1977)

2. M.C. Das, S.B. Mahato, Phytochemistry 22(5), 1071 (1983)

Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.(Cotoneaster pyracantha (L.) Spach,Crataegus pyracantha Medil.)


Aerial Part

Triterpenoic acids

Component: Morolic (3-hydroxyolean-18-en-28-oic)

acid

Content, % on plant wt: 0.008 [1]

Branch

Тriterpenoic acidsComponent: Moroloic acid (0.08%) [1]

Pyrus communis L. 749 Rosaceae Juss.
Fruit
Carotenoids

Components (TLC): a-,b- and g-Carotenes, lycopine,flavoxanthin, epoxide of xanthophyll [2]

Seeds + Pericarp

Mass of 1,000, g: 2.0 [3]

Oil, % on dry wt: 6.6 [3]

References

1. А.А. Ryabinin, V.N. Belous, Zhurn. Obshch. Khimii 33, vyp.

10, 3447 (1963) [in Russian]

2. P. Karrer, J. Rutschmann, Helv. Chim. Acta 28(7), 1528

(1945)


Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L. f.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 3.0


References


Pyrus communis L.


Bark

Triterpenoides

Composition, %: Friedelin – 0.5; epifriedeline –

0.1 [1]

Sterols

b–Sitosterol, %: 0.04 [1]

Flower

Triterpenoides

Components (CC): Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, a-amyrin, neoolenadiene [2]

Sterols

Component (GC/MS): b-Sitosterol [2]

Fruit

a-Tocopherol

Content, ppm on dry wt: 30.0; on fresh wt: 5.0 [3]

Flesh of Fruit

Lipids

Content, mg/kg: 1587–2674 [4]

FAs (GLC), %: 9:0 – 0.1; 10:0 – 0.1–0.2; 12:0 – 0.1–

0.2; 13:0–0.1; 14:0–0.2–0.3; 14:1– tr–0.1; 15:0–

0.1–0.4;16:0–11.7–14.8;16:1–0.1–0.6;16:2–0–

tr; 17:0 –0.1–0.3; 18:0 –4.3–6.0; 18:1–17.5–27.4;

18:2 – 22.8–36.0; 18:3 – 0.4–1.1; 20:1 – 5.6–12.5;

20:2 – 0–21.9; 20:3 – 0–14.7 [4]

NL

Content, mg/kg: 514.2–812.9 (30.4–39.4%) [4]

Composition, %: Hydrocarbons – 0.8–1.4; ethers of

sterols – 1.0–1.1; ethers of FAs – 3.6–3.8;ТАG –

0.9–1.3; tocopherols – 0.1; FFA – 0.2–0.4; fatty

alcohols – 3.0–3.6; DАG – 8.2–8.6; sterols – 8.3–

16.7; pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids) –

0.05–0.3;МАG – 2.6–3.8 [4]

GL

Content, mg/kg: 625.3–751.4 (28.1–39.4%) [4]

Composition, %: acyl-MGDG – 0.9–1.1; ESG –

1.3–1.7; MGDG – 7.2–11.8; SG – 3.4–6.5; cere-

brosides – 2.5; ceramide oligosides – 3.5–4.7;

DGDG – 4.0–6.9; ceramide phosphate inositol

oligosides – 2.3–2.5; SQDG – 2.2–2.5 [4]

PhL

Content, mg/kg: 447.5–1109.7 (21.2–41.5%) [4]

Composition, %: di-PhG– 0–2.9; PhA– 0–1.3; PhE –

7.5–14.7; PhG – 6.8–12.4; PhC – 4.7–5.2; PhS –

0.8–2.2; PhI – 0.5–1.4; lyso-PhE – 0.3–1.0; lyso-PhC – 0.1–0.9 [4]

Chlorophylls

Content, mg/kg: 0.3–1.4 [4]

Composition, %: chlorophyll a – 50.7–61.8; chlo-

rophyll b – 15.1–18.4; chlorophyllide a – 13.3–

23.2; chlorophyllide b – 6.5–11.0 [4]

Carotenoids

Content, mg/kg: 0.1–0.2 [4]

Composition, %: Phytoene – 2.0–2.9; phytofluene –

2.3–3.1; a-carotene – 5.0–6.1; b-carotene –

16.6–38.1; hydroxy-a-carotene – 0.4–0.9;

cryptoxanthin – 1.1–2.8; lutein – 30.6–38.2; zea-

xanthin – 1.6–3.0; lutein-monoepoxide – 3.5–

4.9; mutatoxanthin – 1.1–3.7; violaxanthin –

4.9–6.5; luteoxanthin – 0–1.5; neoxanthin –

4.0–5.2 [4]

Rosaceae Juss. 750 Pyrus domestica Medic.

a-Tocopherol

Content, ppm on dry wt: 5.0; on fresh wt: <1.0 [3]

Skin of Fruit

Lipids

Content, mg/kg: 6850–9980 [4]

FAs (GLC), %: 9:0 – tr – 0.1; 10:0 – 0.1; 12:0 – 0.2–

0.3; 13:0 – 0.2; 14:0 – 0.1–0.3; 14:1 – tr–0.2;

15:0 – 0.2–0.3; 16:0 – 7.1–12.5; 16:1 – tr – 0.2;

16:2 – 0.2–0.7; 17:0 – 0.2; 18:0 – 1.1–2.9; 18:1 –

3.7–12.1; 18:2 – 19.0–29.5; 18:3 – 0.4–2.3;

20:1 – 0 – tr; 20:2 – 3.5–8.0; 20:3 – 35.1–59.1 [4]

NL

Content, mg/kg: 4110–5469 (54.8–60.0%) [4]

Composition of NL, %: Hydrocarbons – 4.8–5.0;

ethers of sterols – 2.4–3.6; ethers of FAs – 8.4–

9.0; ТАG – 1.4–1.8; tocopherols – 0.1–0.3; FFA

– 2.9–3.1; fatty alcohols – 4.3–4.5; DАG – 6.4–

6.9; sterols – 9.8–10.7; pigments (chlorophylls,

carotenoids) – 0.1–0.7; МАG – 11.3–17.3 [4]

GL

Content, mg/kg: 1753.6–2455.0 (24.6–25.6%) [4]

Composition, %: Acyl-MGDG – 3.9–4.7; ESG –

2.7–3.3; MGDG – 4.2–4.8; SG – 1.8–2.7; cere-

brosides – 1.4–2.1; ceramidoligosides – 3.6–4.1;

DGDG – 2.3–2.9; ceramidophosphateinosito-

ligosides – 1.1–1.7; SQDG – 1.2–1.7 [4]

PhL

Content, mg/kg: 986.4–2056.0 (14.4–20.6%) [4]

Composition, %: di-PhG – 0–0.5; PhA – 0–0.3;

PhE – 5.7–9.0; PhG – 4.2–5.6; PhC – 2.4–4.6;

PhS – 0.5–0.6; PhI – 0.4; lyso-PhE – 0.2–0.3;

lyso-PhC – 0.1–0.2 [4]

Chlorophylls

Content, mg/kg: 4.9–17.7 [4]

Composition, %: Chlorophyll a – 65.6–70.1; chlo-

rophyll b – 19.4–29.9; chlorophyllide a – tr –

10.4; chlorophyllide b – tr – 4.1 [4]

Carotenoids

Content, mg/kg: 0.7–19.2 [4]

Composition, %: Phytoene – 0.5–0.9; phytofluene –

1.1–1.7; a-carotene – 4.8–7.2; b-carotene – 7.7–

11.5; hydroxy-a-carotene – 4.5–6.0;

cryptoxanthin – 0.7–2.0; lutein – 47.1–56.0; zea-

xanthin – 3.8–6.4; lutein-monoepoxide – 2.4–

2.7; mutatoxanthin – tr – 1.7; violaxanthin –

7.8–9.0; luteoxanthin – 0–2.4; neoxanthin –

5.4–6.7 [4]

Cutine

Composition of monomers (GLC/MS, 3% OV-1 on

Gas Chrom-Q), %: Hexadecan-1-ol – 0.25;

octadecan-1-ol – 0.35; octadecen-1-ol – tr;

eicosan-1-ol – tr; hexadecane-1,16-diol – 2.74;

docosan-1-ol – tr; octadecane-1,18-diol – 3.34;

octadecene-1,18-diol – 9.42; hexadecanetriol –

44.76; octadecane-1,9,18-triol – 6.50;

octadecene-1,9,18-triol – 24.94; octadecane-

1,9,10,18-tetraol – 4.95; octadecene-1,9,10,18–

tetraol – 2.74 [5]

Triterpenoic acids

Component: Pomolic acid (2.18%) [6]

Seed

Oil

TAG



LeLО – 20.3; LeLP + LeLe – 0.8; LLО +

LeOO – 27.6; LLP + LeLS + LeОP –2.3;

LOO – 18.5; LLS + LOP + LeОS – 11.3;

LPP + LePS – 1.2; ОOO – 11.2; LОS + ОOP –

4.5; LPS + ОPP – 0.1; ОOS – 1.8 [7]

References

1. D. Chakravarti, N. Chakravarti, S. Samanta, J. Indian Chem.

Soc. 41(12), 859 (1964)

2. I. Rychlinska, J. Gudej, Herba Polon. XLVIII(4), 198 (2002)


4. А.А. Kolesnik, V.N. Golubov, E.B. Farzaliev, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 25(2), 148 (1989)


(1972)

6. C.H. Brieskorn, H.P. S€uss, Tetrahedron Lett. (16), 1515

(1972)


(2004)

Pyrus domestica Medic.


Pollen

TAG

FAs (GLC), %: 10:0 – 0.15; 12:0 – 0.84; 14:0 –

2.07; 14:1 – 0.76; 15:0 – 0.13; izo-16:0 – 1.39;

Pyrus sp. 751 Rosaceae Juss.
16:0 – 25.05; 16:1 – 0.25; 16:2 – 0.27; 17:0 –
0.59; 17:1 – 0.27; 17:2 – 0.45; 18:0 – 4.14; 18:1 –

14.32; 18:2 – 32.86; 18:3 – 11.96; 19:0 – 0.50;

20:0 – 0.94; 21:0 – 1.50

References

1. V.А. Bandyukova, G.I. Deineko, D.К. Shapiro, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 18(2), 227 (1982)

Pyrus lanata D. Don.


Bark


Components (CC): b-Sitosterol, hexacosanol

C28H56O2, friedelin

Leaf


Components (CC): Myricyl alcohol, C30H62O, b-sitosterol, C29H50O, friedelin, C30H50O

References

1. N.N. Chakravarti, S.K. Moitra, A.N. Ganguly, R.N. Adhya,

Phytochemistry 10(6), 1403 (1971)

Pyrus malus L. (Malus domestica Borkh.)


Coat of Fruit

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.0022–0.0043 [1]

Fruit

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.0007 [1]

Components: Triacontane, furfurol, acetaldehyde,

methanol, ethanol, amylic alcohol, geraniol,

myristyl alcohol-carbinol, malol, formic acid,

acetic acid, capronoic acid, caprinoic acid and

their ethers [1]

Lipids

a-TocopherolContent, ppm on dry wt: 50.0; on fresh wt: 5.0 [2]

Flesh of Fruit

a-Tocopherol

Content, ppm on dry wt: 18.0; on fresh wt: 2.0 [2]

References


578 s [in Russian]


Pyrus pashia Buch. & Ham.


Stem

Lipids (benzene)

Components: Hentriacontanol, b-sitosterol,friedelin, a-amyrin, arborinol C30H50O

References

1. D.S. Bhakuni, N.C. Gupta, S. Satish, S.C. Sharma, Y.N.

Shukla, J.S. Tandon, Phytochemistry 10(9), 2247 (1971)

Pyrus sp.


Fruit

Essential oilComponents: (GLC, DC-705 on Celit 545): Acetal-

dehyde, acetone, octane ethylate, methanol,

methylethylketone, ethanol, isopropanol,

methylpropylketone, octane butanoate, n-

propanol, isoamyl octanoate, amyl octanoate,

methylamylketone, isopentanol

References

1. A. Pribela, Biologia 20(3), 173 (1965)

Rosaceae Juss. 752 Rosa achburensis Chrshan

Rosa achburensis Chrshan


Fruit

Carotene

References

1. Т.F. Коchkareva, Е.P. Тrofimova, Izv. АN Таdzh. SSR,otdel. biol. nauk (1), 17 (1967) [in Russian]

Rosa acicularis Lindl. (R. sichotealinensisKolesn., R. gmelini Bge., R. baicalensisTurcz., R. carelica Fr., R. korsakoviensisLevl.)


Fruit

Mass of 1,000, g: 350–420 [1]

Carotenoids

Content, mg% on abs. dry wt: 24.7–49.9 [1]

Petal

Essential oil

Content, % on fresh wt: 0.04 [2, 3]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 8.0–10.0 [3]

Use: The essential oil is used in perfumery and soap

industry [2].

The fatty oil of seeds – outwardly by chaps, bedsores,

trophic ulcers of shank, dermatosis, by burns [4, 5],

radiation injury of skin [6]. The clysters – by

nonspecific colitis [7].

References

1. G.P. Shnyakina, E.P. Маlygina, Rastit. Resursy 11, vyp. 3,

390 (1975) [in Russian]

2. N.I. Suprunov, P.G. Gorovoi, Yu.A. Pankov, Efirno-maslichnye rasteniya Dal’nego Vostoka (Izd. “Nauka”, Novo-sibirsk, 1972), 187 s [in Russian]



4. А.F. Gammerman, I.I. Grom, Dikorastushchie lekarstvennyerasteniya SSSR (Мoscow, 1976), 286 s [in Russian]

5. D.А. Murav’eva, Farmakognoziya (Мoscow, 1978), 656 s [in

Russian]

6. V.G. Minaeva, Lekarstvennye rasteniya Sibiri (Novosibirsk,1970), 272 s [in Russian]

7. Lekarstvennye preparaty, razreshennye k primeneniyu v SSSR(Мoscow, 1979), 351 s [in Russian]

Rosa agrestis Savi


Fruit

Carotenoids

Components: Carotene, lycopene

References

1. F.C. Jacoby, F. Wokes, Biochem. J. 38(3), 279 (1944)

Rosa alba L.


Flower

Essential oil

Content, % (distillation): 0.03 [1]; (petroleum

ether): 0.08 [2]; 0.005–0.01 [3]

[a]: (�2�540)–(3�500) [1]; (�2�350)–(�3�500) [4]d: 0.852–0.869 [1]; d30 0.8526–0.8696 [4]

n25D : 1.4587–1.4622 [1, 4]

Acid value, mg KOH: 2.2 [1, 4]

Ether value, mg KOH: 11.1 [1]; 9.9 [4]

Ether value after acetylation, mg KOH: 222.4 [1];

213.9 [4]

Composition, %: total alcohols – 73 [1]

References

1. B.N. Rutovskii, Efirnye masla (Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1931),

578 s [in Russian]

2. Biokhimija kul’turnykh rastenii, t. 6, pod red. N.N.

Ivanova, Sel’khozgiz (Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1938), 228 s [in

Russian]

Rosa americana Waitz 753 Rosaceae Juss.
3. Rastitel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh
khimicheskii sostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae (izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101

[in Russian]



Rosa alberti Regel


Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg% on abs. dry wt (colorimetry): 30.0

[1, 2]

References

1. G.G. Gadzhieva, Izv. AN Azer. SSR, Biol. nauki (3), 23

(1978) [in Russian]


[in Russian]

Rosa alexeenkoi Crep.


Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg% on abs. dry wt (colorimetry): 9.0

References


(1978) [in Russian]

Rosa amblyotis C.A. Mey.


Fruit

Mass of 1,000, g: 200–320 [1]

Carotenoids

Content, mg% on abs. dry wt: 4.4–17.2 [1]; on dry

wt: 44.0 [2]

References

1. G.P. Shnyakina, E.P. Malygina, Rastit. Resursy 11, vyp. 3,

390 (1975) [in Russian]

2. I.N. Kushchinskaya, L.O. Shnaidman, Med. promyshlennost’

SSSR (4), 38 (1964) [in Russian]

Rosa americana Waitz


Flower

Wax

Hydrocarbons

Content, % on wax: 63.9; % on absolute: 31.2 [1]

Composition, % (Ag+-CC): paraffins –65.0; olefins –

10.4 [1]

Branched-chain hydrocarbons, %: 0.8 [1]

Paraffins

Composition (GLC, 2% SE-30), %: C19 – 1.0; C20 –

0.5; C21 – 5.2; C22 – 0.8; C23 – 9.7; C24 – 1.4; C25

– 16.7; C26 – 1.4; C27 – 43.7; C28 – 1.3; C29 –

10.8; C31 – 4.4; C33 – 3.1 [1]

Olefins


0.3; C21 – 1.8; C22 – 0.4; C23 – 7.5; C24 – 2.2; C25

– 17.0; C26 – 2.5; C27 – 35.1; C28 – 1.8; C29 –

15.9; C31 – 6.8; C33 – 4.0 [1]

Aldehydes

Content (CC, TLC), %: 2.24 [2]

Composition (GLC, 1.5% SE-30 on Chromosorb

W), %: C15 – 1.3; C16 – 6.7; C17 – 0.4; iso-C18 –

3.7; C18 – 12.3; C19 – 0.5; C20 – 10.7; C21 – 3.2;

C22 – 19.8; C23 – 5.3; C24 – 11.7; C25 – 4.0; C26 –

7.4; C27 – 1.6; C28 – 11.3 [2]

Primary alcohols

Composition, %: C18 – 0.1; C19 – 0.5; C20 – 1.8; C21 –

3.1; C22 – 10.4; C23 – 3.9; C24 – 12.8; C25 – 3.6;

C26 – 16.9; C27 – 5.7; C28 – 32.7; C29 + b-amyrin –

2.0; C30 – 4.0; a-amyrin – 2.5 [3]

Sterols

Composition, %: b-Sitosterol – 91; cholesterol,

campesterol [3]

Rosaceae Juss. 754 Rosa beggeriana Schrenk (R. lehmanniana Bge.)

References

1. B. Stoianova-Ivanova, K. Mladenova, Compt. Rend Acad.

Bulg. Sci. (Dokl. Bolg. АN) 27(9), 1239 (1974)

2. K. Mladenova, B. Stoianova-Ivanova, Compt. Rend. Acad.

Bulg. Sci. (Dokl. Bolg. АN) 28(3), 335 (1975)

3. K. Mladenova, B. Stoianova-Ivanova, Phytochemistry 16(2),

269 (1977)

Rosa beggeriana Schrenk(R. lehmanniana Bge.)


Flower

Essential oil [1]

Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg% on abs. dry wt (colorimetry): 42.0 [2]

Vitamin E [3]

Seed

Oil [4]

Use: The fatty oil is used by burns and dermatitis [4].

References




(1978) [in Russian]


4. D.A. Muraveva, Farmakognoziya (Мoscow, 1978), 656 s

[in Russian]

Rosa bellicose Nevski


Fruit

Carotene

References

1. Rastitel’nye resursySSSR.Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh khimicheskiisostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae (izd.“Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–101 [in Russian]

Rosa bungeana Boiss. et Buhse


Fruit

Carotene

References


Rosa buschiana Chrshan.


Seed

Oil


b-Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg%: on dry wt 8.20; %:

13.37 [2]

Vitamin E

Content, mg%: 204 [2]

References


2. V.A. Bunakov, Biol. nauki (2), 144 (1960) [in Russian]

Rosa caesia Smith (R. coriifolia Fries)


Fruit

Carotenoids

Components: b-Carotene [1–3], lycopene [3]

References

1. G.G. Gadzhieva, Izv. AN Azer. SSR, ser. biol. nauk (3), 23

(1978) [in Russian]

2. I.R. Riekstinsh, E.A. Rubine, S.M. Ozola, L.K. Baranova, Izv.

AN Latv. SSR (9), 33 (1975) [in Russian]


Rosa canina L. 755 Rosaceae Juss.
Rosa canina L.

Flower

Essential oil [1]

Wax


Acid part, % on wax: 5.0 [2]

Neutral part, % on wax: 95.0 [2]

Composition of neutral wax, %: Aldehydes – 6.22;

aliphatic hydrocarbons – 23.89; aliphatic alco-

hols – 10.21; sterols – 2.4 [3]

Free FAs (total) (GLC, 10%DEGS on Chromosorb

W), %: 12:0 – 0.2; 14:0 – 1.7; 15:0 –0.7; 16:0 –

66.5; 16:1 – 3.7; 18:0 – 11.7; 18:1 – 8.3; 20:0 –

0.6; 22:0 – 0.6; 24:0 – 0.5 [2]

Ester-bound FA (total) (GLC, 10% DEGS on

Chromosorb W), %: 12:0 – 0.7; 14:0 – 3.4;

15:0 – 0.8; 16:0 – 53.6; 16:1 – 3.6; 17:0 – 2.8;

18:0 – 11.2; 18:1 – 4.2; 20:0 – 2.5; 22:0 – 3.1;

24:0 – 1.5 [2]

Alcohols of ester (total): C14, C22, C24, 1-octadecanol,

b-sitosterol [2]Esters, fraction I

FAs (GLC, 10% DEGS on Chromosorb W), %:

11:0 – 0.3; 12:0 – 0.1; 13:0 – 0.1; 14:0 – 0.4;

15:0 – 0.3; 16:0 – 0.9; 16:1 – 4.0; 18:0 – 0.8;

18:1 – 0.1; 19:0 – 1.1; 20:0 – 3.3; 21:0 – 9.9;

22:0 – 9.9; 23:0 – 5.0; 24:0 – 38.4; 25:0 – 1.7;

26:0 – 24.5 [2]

Alcohols (GLC, 3% OV-17 on Gas-chrom P), %:

C16:1 – 0.4; C18 – 0.5; C19 – 0.1; C20 – 12.0; C21 –

1.2; C22 – 45.3; C23 – 1.0; C24 – 18.2; C25 – 0.8;

C26 – 10.7; C27 – 0.4; C28 – 6.6; C29 – 1.0; C30 –

2.7 [2]

Esters, fraction II

FAs (GLC, 10% DEGS on Chromosorb W), %:

14:0 – 6.2; 15:0 – 5.7; 16:0 – 21.5; 18:0 – 13.9;

18:1 – 48.2 [2]

Alcohols (GLC, 3% OV-17 on Gas-chrom P), %:

C12 – 1.2; C14 – 12.6; C15 – 1.6; C16 – 3.0; C18 –

0.7; C19 – 2.2; C20 – 11.8; C21 – 2.0; C22 – 40.5;

C23 – 2.5; C24 – 12.5; C25 – 1.0; C26 – 5.9; C28 –

2.6 [2]

Hydrocarbons

n-Paraffins (IR, GLC, 2.5% SE-30 on Chromosorb

W), %: C19 – 0.8; C20 – 0.5; C21 – 6.0; C22 – 0.03;

C23 – 13.8; C24 – 1.8; C25 – 10.4; C26 – 1.6;

C27 – 25.2; C28 – 2.1; C29 – 16.2; C30 – 0.8; C31

– 13.5; C32 – 0.3; C33 – 3.0 [3, 4]

Olefins (Ag+/TLC, IR, GLC, 2.5% SE-30 on

Chromosorb W), %: C19 – 1.1; C20 – tr; C21 –

1.1; C22 – tr; C23 – 3.0; C24 – 1.5; C25 – 5.6; C26 –

1.8; C27 – 14.1; C28 – 4.1; C29 – 31.3; C30 – 2.5;

C31 – 22.7; C32 – 1.0; C33 – 10.6 [3]

Dienes (Ag+/TLC, IR, GLC, 2.5% SE-30 on

Chromosorb W), %: C22 – 1.8; C23 – 3.1; C24 –

11.3; C25 – 5.6; C26 – 7.2; C27 – 11.3; C28 – 6.7;

C29 – 4.4; C30 – 8.2; C31 – 2.8; C32 – 8.9; C33 –

1.8; C34 – 3.4 [3]

Aldehydes (IR, GLC, 2.5% SE-30), %: C14 – 7.4;

C16 – 2.6; C17 – 0.4; C18 – 1.1; C20 – 7.2; C21 – 1.5;

C22 – 16.8; C23 – 2.3; C24 – 14.5; C25 – 1.8; C26 –

10.7; C27 – 1.5; C28 – 17.7; C29 – 0.9; C30 – 13.4 [3]

Primary alcohols (GLC, 3% OV-17), %: C20 – 0.3;

C21 – 0.5; C22 – 7.8; C23 – 1.0; C24 – 15.8; C25 –

1.2; C26 – 24.0; C27 – 1.7; C28 – 26.0; C29 – 2.2;

C30 – 14.6; C31 – 0.8; C32 – 4.0 [3]

Secondary alcohols (GLC, 3% OV-17), %: C14 –

0.1; C15 – 0.1; C16 – 0.1; C17 – 0.8; C18 – 0.1;

C19 – 2.5; C20 – 0.2; C21 – 0.6; C25 – 0.6; C26 – 0.7;

C27 – 0.1; C28 – 0.2; C29 – 2.3; C30 – 1.4; C31 –

87.1; C32 – 1.0; C33 – 2.0 [3]

Triterpenoic acids

Sterols

Composition, (GLC, 3% OV-17), %: b-Sitosterol –88.7; stigmasterol – 1.5; campesterol – 3.7; cho-

lesterol – 1.4 [3]

Fruit

Oil, % on dry wt: 4.4–4.9 [5]; on abs. dry wt: 4.6 [6]

nD 1.481 [6]

Acid value, mg KOH: 7.05–9.1 [5]; 4.8 [6]

Lipids

Composition, %: NL – 7.3; GL – 83.6; PhL – 9.1 [6]

NL

FAs (GLC, PEGS), %: 10:0 – 0.3; 12:0 – 0.2; 14:0 –

0.2; 16:0 – 4.4; 16:1 – 0.5; 18:0 – 2.8; 18:1 –

22.6; 18:2 – 48.9; 18:3 – 18.8; 20:0 – 1.3 [6]

GL

FAs (GLC, PEGS), %: 12:0 – 0.7; 14:0 – 0.6; 16:0 –

11.8; 16:1 – 0.8; 18:0 – 4.1; 18:1 – 19.2; 18:2 –

31.9; 18:3 – 30.9 [6]

PhL

FAs (GLC, PEGS), %: 12:0 – 1.0; 14:0 – 0.7; 16:0 –

31.5; 16:1 – 1.7; 18:0 – 8.5; 18:1 – 24.2; 18:2 –

24.9; 18:3 – 7.5 [6]

Rosaceae Juss. 756 Rosa canina L.

(GLC), %: 16:0 – 2.5; 18:0 – 2.0; 18:1 – 15.0; 18:2 –

62.0; 18:3 – 18.5; 20:0 – 1.0 [3]

Carotenoids

Content, mg/g on abs. dry wt: 32.0 [7]; mg/g on

fresh wt: 0.47 [8]; mg%: 362.5–838 [5, 6]

Carotene

Content, mg/100 g: 22.5–40.5 [9]; mg% on abs. dry

wt: 14.0 [10]

Composition of carotenoids, % (CC, TLC, UV):

Phytofluene – 1.1; a-carotene – tr; b-carotene –

16.8; x-carotene and b-zeacarotene – 0.3; g-carotene – 15.0; lycopene – 39.1; cryptoxanthin –

12.0; 5,6:monoepoxy-a-carotene – 2.9; 5,6:

monoepoxy-b-carotene – 3.2; rubixanthin – 0.8;

violaxanthin – 1.0; zeaxanthin – 0.6;

anteraxanthin – 2.8; lycoxanthin – 0.7 [8]

In addition: cis-Rubixanthin, cis-lycopene, cis-g-carotene [11]

Triterpenoic alcohols [3]

Sterols


campesterol, b-sitosteryl oleate [3]Vitamin Е [12]

Pollen

Essential oil

Components (GC/MS, Superox FA): Terpenoids:

6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranyl acetone; ali-phatics: pentadecane, tetradecanal, hexadecanal;

aromatics: methyleugenol, b-phenylethyl acetate[13]

Pulp

Lipids

Content (hexane), % on dry wt: 0.8–1.1; (chloro-

form-methanol): 5.5–6.7 [5]

Carotenoids, mg%: 2613–3933 [5]

Carotene, % on dry wt: 0.01–0.07 [14]

Unsaponifiables, mg/100 g: 26.0 [15]

Root

Triterpenes

Content, %: 5.2 [16]

Seed

Moisture, %: 6.62 [17]; 8.37 []

Oil (hexane), % on dry wt: 8.0–8.9 [5]


FAs, %: Saturated – 24.0; 18:1 – 50.2; unsaturated –

75.0 [17]

(GLC, 17% PEGS), %: 14:0 – 0.5–2.0; 16:0 – 6.8–

7.8; 16:1 – 0.3–1.0; 18:0 – 0.6–2.8; 18:1 – 16.8–

20.0; 18:2 – 32.5–41.0; 18:3 – 23.7–34.9; 20:0 –

0.7–4.5; 22:0 – 0.6–4.4 [5]

(GLC, capillary column, 5% phenyl methyl sili-

cone), %: 16:0 – 3.87; 18:0 – 3.65; 18:1(9) –

21.96; 18:2 – 51.18; 18:3 (a-linolenic) – 18.13;

20:0 – 0.56; 20:1(11) – 0.58 [18]

Carotenoids

Content, mg%: 4.0 [17]; 2.5–5.0 [5]

Tocopherols

Content, mg%: 232.0

PhL

Content, %: 0.2 [19]


Content, %: 0.9–1.4 [5]

References


1952), p. 249 [in Russian]

2. B. Stoyanova-Ivanova, Y. Angelova, Compt. Rend. Acad.

Bulg. Sci. 32(6), 771 (1979)

3. B. Stoyanova-Ivanova, I. Iochkova, K. Meadenova, R.

Daskolov, Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci. 32(11), 1503

(1979)

4. M. Streibl, A. Buckova, J. Tomko, Chem. Zvest. 29(5), 709

(1975)

5. N.T. Ulchenko, A.I. Glushenkova, Y.M. Murdakhaev,

Chem. Nat. Comp. 31(5), 565 (1995)

6. N.T. Ulchenko, Kh.S. Mukhamedova, A.I. Glushenkova,

A.A. Nabiev, Chem. Nat. Comp. 31(6), 672 (1995)

7. M.V. Sivtsev, I.V. Abramovich, Rastit. Resursy 15(2), 230

(1979) [in Russian]


39(162), 785 (1975)

9. B.D. Alekseev, Rastit. Resursy 17(4), 557 (1981) [in Russian]


(1978) [in Russian]

11. G. Toth, J. Szabolcs, Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung. 64(4), 393

(1970)

12. B.D. Alekseev, Rastit. Resursy 7, vyp. 4, 557 (1981) [in

Russian]

13. H.E.M. Dobson, J. Bergstrom, G. Bergstrom, I. Groth, Phy-

tochemistry 26(12), 3171 (1987)

14. Т.F. Kochkareva,Е.P. Trofimova, Izv.АN Tadzh. SSR, otd.

biol. nauk (1), 17 (1967) [in Russian]


16. A. Pourrat, Bull. Soc. Botan. France 112(7–8), 351 (1965)

17. L. Stepanov, T. Khadzhiiski, T. Palaveeva, Maslo-Sapunena

Prom. 19(2), 38 (1983); Chem. Abstr. 100, N 32228e (1984)

18. S. Ercisli, E. Orhan, A. Esitken, Chem. Nat. Comp.

(2006) (unpublished)

19. K.S. Mukhamedova, S.T. Akramov, Chem. Nat. Comp.

13(4), 505 (1977)

Rosa cinnamomea L. 757 Rosaceae Juss.
Rosa cardina

Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 27


References


Rosa centifolia L.


Bud

Essential oil

Content (distillation), % on dry wt: 0.03 [1]

a½ �25D : 0� [1]d15: 0.8628 [1]

n25D : 1.4627 [1]


Ether value, mg KOH: 35.07 [1]

Ether value after formil., mg KOH: 68.74 [1]

Content (petroleum ether + distillation), %: 1.05 [1]

a½ �20D : +0�200 [1]d15: 0.8666 [1]

n20D : 1.4637 [1]


Ether value, mg KOH: 39.2–64.4 [1]

Ether value after acetylation: 129.6 [1]

Ether value after formil., mg KOH: 105.21 [1]

Calyx, Stamen, Pistil

(Without petals)


[a]: –41� [2]d15: 0.8704 [2]


Ester value, mg KOH: 22.4 [2]

Composition, %: Stearoptene – 51.13; total alcohols

– 13.99; citronellole – 13.56 [2]

Flower

Essential oil

Content (petroleum ether), %: 0.11–0.19 [3]; (dis-

tillation), %: 0.007–0.012 [2]; 0.016–0.02 [4]

[a]D: �3� [2]; (�0�230)–(�0�520) [4]d15: 0.8790 [2]; d30: 0.845–0.855 [4]

n: 1.4571–1.4614 [4]

Acid value, mg KOH: 0–4.3 [4]

Acetic value, mg KOH: 4.5–10.4 [4]

Composition, %: Total alcohols – 88.55; citronellol –

22.4 [2]; total alcohols – 54–60.4; stearoptene –

26–42; citronellol – 13–17; phenylethyl alcohol –

9 [4]

References





3. Biokhimija kul’turnykh rastenii, t. 6, pod red. N.N. Ivanova

(Sel’khozgiz, Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1938), 228 s [in Russian]


578 s [in Russian]

Rosa cinnamomea L.


Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, mg% on dry wt: 5.5–43.3 [1, 2]

Components (CC, TLC, UV): Phytofluene, a-, b-, z-carotene, poly-cis-lycopene A, B and C, lyco-

pene, cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, taraxanthin [2]

Composition, %: Lycopenes – 53.2; oxygen

containing carotenoids – 41.3 [2]

Carotene (colorimetry), mg% on abs. dry wt: 29 [3]

Seed

TAG


8.1; LeLL + LeLeО – 19.8; LeLeP – 1.3; LLL +

LeLO – 25.3 (5:2); LeLP + LeLe – 3.9; LLO +

LeOO – 17.7 (5:1); LLP + LeLS + LeOP – 6.5;

LOO – 7.4; LLS + LOP + LeOS – 4.6; LPP +

LePS – tr;ОOO – 1.8; LOS +ОOP – 1.2; LPS +

ОPP – 0.3; ОOS – tr [4]

Rosaceae Juss. 758 Rosa corymbifera Borkh. (R. dumetorum Thuill.)

References


biologii, 1961) [in Russian]




(1978) [in Russian]


(2004)

Rosa corymbifera Borkh. (R. dumetorumThuill.)


Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg/100 g: 24.0–36.5 [1]; (colorimetry) mg%

on abs. dry wt: 11.0 [2]

Carotenoids

Components (CC, TLC, UV): b-, g-Carotene, lyco-pene, rubixanthin [3]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 8.42 [4]

b-Carotene (colorimetry), mg% on dry wt: 10.0; %:

8.42 [4]

Vitamin E, mg%: 185.0 [4]

References

1. B.D.Аlekseev, Rastit. Resursy 17(4), 557 (1981) [in Russian]


(1978) [in Russian]




Rosa damascena Mill. (R. damascena f.Trigintipetala)


Bud

Concrete

Hydrocarbons

n-Paraffins

Composition (molecular sieve, GLC, 3% SE-30),

%: C17 – 0.4; C18 – 0.2; C19 – 13.9; C20 – 1.7;

C21 – 12.2; C22 – 0.9; C23 – 12.3; C24 – 1.0; C25 –

8.7; C26 – 0.8; C27 – 21.6; C28 – 1.2; C29 – 12.8;

C30 – tr; C31 – 12.3; C33 – tr [1]

n-Olefins (molecular sieve, GLC, 3% SE-30), %:

C19 – 3.3; C20 – 0.4; C21 – 3.4; C22 – 0.7; C23 –

8.8;C24–1.4;C25–11.2;C26–2.3;C27–21.5;C28–

3.7; C29 – 33.5; C30 – 0.8; C31 – 7.6; C33 – 1.4 [1]

Wax

Ketones

Composition (GLC), %: C27 – 1.7; C28 – 0.6; C29 –

7.6; C30 – 1.2; C31 – 83.1; C32 – 3.0 [2]

Calyx

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.008 [3]

d30: 0.8754 [3]

n27: 1.4810 [3]



Flower

Essential oil

Content (steam distillation), %: 0.02–0.34 [4–6];

0.0087–0.037 [3]; (petroleum ether), %: 0.22–

0.25 [4]

[a]: (�0.2�)–(�8�) [7]; (�1�)–(�4.06�) [6]d15: 0.849–0.862 [6]; d2020: 0.8257–0.8334 [7]; d:

0.8257–0.889 [3, 8]

d30: (steam distillation) 0.822–0.880 [4, 6]; (petro-

leum ether) 0.9502–0.9750 [4]

n25: (steam distillation) 1.4520–1.4660 [6, 7]; n27:

1.4525–1.4590 [7]; nD: 1.4069–1.467 [3]; n30:

(petroleum ether) 1.4846–1.5160 [4]; 0.004–

0.105 [6]

Acid value (petroleum ether), mg KOH: 7.6–8.4

[4]; 0.21–5.70 [3]; (steam distillation): 0.15–

0.21 [7]; 0.5–3 [6]

Ester value (steam distillation): 4.50–22.06 [3, 4, 6];

22.06–23.9 [7] (petroleum ether) 22.4–26.9 [4]

Ester value after acetylation (steam distillation):

197.00–233.33 [4, 6]; 114.3–129.5 [7]; 31.80–

255.90 [3]; (petroleum ether) 227.73–236.3 [4]

Iodine value, % J2: 0.92–17.2 [4]

Saponification value, mg KOH: 3.14–16.50 [3]

Composition (steam distillation), %: Phenylethanol –

63.7; citronellole + geraniol – 22.1; geraniol +

Rosa damascena Mill. (R. damascena f. Trigintipetala) 759 Rosaceae Juss.
nerole – 13.7; eugenol + eugenolacetate – tr [4];
(petroleum ether), %: stearoptenes – 12.4–85.5;

geraniol – 19.6–35.3; citronellol – 14.3–58.6

[4, 7]; phenylethanol – 1–7; geraniol – 30.0–87.4;

citronellol –5.81–37.0; nerol –10–15; isomenton–

2–4; ethanol – 2–4; benzaldehyde – 1.0–1.5;

methyleugenol – 1.0; eugenol – 1.0–1.5; citral –

0.5–1.0; valeric aldehyde – tr; salicylic aldehyde –

tr; linalool, farnezol, nonalaldehyde [3, 5, 6]

Concrete

Content, % of fresh wt: 0.35–0.36 [9]

Hydrocarbons

n-Paraffins

Composition (molecular sieve, GLC, 3% SE-30),

%: C17 – 0.6; C18 – tr; C19 – 18.4; C20 – 2.2;

C21 – 17.3; C22 – 0.8; C23 – 12.6; C24 – 0.6; C25 –

6.8; C26 – 0.7; C27 – 18.9; C28 – 1.1; C29 – 11.3;

C30 – tr; C31 – 8.8 [1]

n-Olefins (molecular sieve, GLC, 3% SE-30), %:

C19 – 3.0; C20 – 0.3; C21 – 3.2; C22 – 0.4; C23 –

6.0; C24 – 1.3; C25 – 9.6; C26 – 1.9; C27 – 24.5;

C28 – 3.7; C29 – 34.8; C30 – 0.8; C31 – 8.5; C33 –

2.1 [1]

Alkadienes (GLC, IR, UV), %: C11 – 1.2; C12 – 3.2;

C13 – 4.5; C14 – 4.5; C15 – 3.1; C16 – 4.6; C17 –

3.1; C18 – 1.1; C19 – 14.2; C20 – 2.9; C21 – 6.9;

C22 – 0.7; C23 – 4.7; C24 – 1.0; C25 – 60; C26 –

1.3; C27 – 8.2; C28 – 2.3; C29 – 9.3; C30 – 1.1; C31 –

2.8; C33 – 0.8 [10]

g-Diols

Content, % on wax: 7.0 [11]

Lactones of g-hydroxy acids

Components (MS,M+,%): C22 – 0.1; C23 – 0.2; C24 –

3.0; C25 – 2.0; C26 – 6.0; C27 – 0.3; C28 – 0.2 [12]

Absolute

Content, % of concrete: 46.87–53.90 [9]

Wax

Content, % of concrete: 38.44–53.13 [9]

Composition of wax (TLC), %: Hydrocarbons –

48.6–57.1; esters I – 7.1–9.3; carbonyl com-

pounds – 2.0–7.4; esters II – 2.4–3.1; secondary

alcohols – 3.4–8.1; primary alcohols and other

polar comp. – 12.5–19.0 [9]

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes

Composition (GLC), %: C17 – 0.6; C19 – 10.4–18.4;

C20 – 1.4–2.2; C21 – 14.4–17.3; C22 – 0.6–0.8;

C23 – 11.3–12.6; C24 – 0.6–0.8; C25 – 6.8–8.5;

C26 – 0.7–1.4; C27 – 18.9–29.7; C28 – 1.1–2.7;

C29 – 10.2–11.3; C31 – 7.1–8.8; C33 – 1.5 [9]

Alkenes

Composition (GLC), %: C19 – 1.3–3.0, C20 – 0.3,

C21 – 2.4–3.2, C22 – 0.4, C23 – 6.0–6.8, C24 –

0.9–1.3, C25 – 8.8–9.6, C26 – 1.8–1.9, C27 –

24.5–36.7, C28 – 2.7–3.7, C29 – 24.5–34.8, C30

– 0.8–0.9, C31 – 8.5–8.7, C33 – 2.1–4.5 [9]

Alkadienes


4.5; C15 – 3.1; C16 – 4.6; C17 – 3.1; C18 – 1.1; C19 –

14.2; C20 – 2.9; C21 – 6.9; C22 – 0.7; C23 –

4.7; C24 – 1.0; C25 – 6.0; C26 – 1.3; C27 – 8.2;

C28–2.3;C29–9.3;C30–1.1;C31–2.8;C33–0.8[9]

Ketones


3.4; C20 – 1.0; C21 – 2.9; C22 – 1.0; C23 – 2.3; C24

– 1.2; C25 – 2.4; C26 – 2.2; C27 – 1.9–6.8; C28 –

2.8–3.0; C29 – 7.4–8.3; C30 – 1.6–2.8; C31 –

55.5–79.8; C32 – 2.6–3.4; C33 – 3.2; C34 – 1.2;

C35 – 0.8 [2, 9]

Aldehydes

Composition (GLC), %: C20 – 0.3; C21 – 1.0–2.7;

C22 – 1.1–10.0; C23 – 3.6–26.1; C24 – 4.5–22.2;

C25 – 1.5–9.2; C26 – 4.1–5.7; C27 – 3.1; C28 –

10.2–28.8; C29 – 3.4; C30 – 10.0–30.7; C31 – 0.7;

C32 – 4.0–12.1 [9]

Secondary alcohols


1.0; C18 – 0.8; C19 – 1.8; C20 – 1.2; C21 – 2.2;

C22 – 3.9; C23 – 4.0; C24 – 4.9; C25 – 4.6; C26 –

4.9; C27 – 0.5–5.2; C28 – 4.7; C29 – 2.4–5.2; C30 –

0.9–3.4; C31 – 50.0–94.3; C32 – 0.3–0.5; C33 –

1.4–1.8 [9]

Primary alcohols


0.4; C19 – 0.5; C20 – 3.4–3.9; C21 – 0.9–2.1; C22 –

12.8–20.9; C23 – 1.3–1.4; C24 – 13.1–18.7; C25 –

1.1–1.2; C26 – 12.5–15.9; C27 – 1.5–1.9; C28 –

17.7–24.4; C29 – 1.4–1.5; C30 – 5.5–9.5; b-amyrin – 2.3–3.4; a-amyrin – 9.2–11.1 [9]

Free acids

Composition (GLC), %: 12:0 – 0.3–2.7; 13:0 – 0.6;

14:0 – 0.9–1.1; 15:0 – 0.8; 16:0 – 23.5–28.1;

17:0 – 0.6–0.8; 18:0 – 9.8–10.4; 18:1 – 1.7–2.6;

18:2 – 12.2–21.1; 18:3 – 12.4–14.1; 19:0 – 0.7;

20:0 – 2.4–11.5; 21:0 – 0.2–0.6; 22:0 – 2.4–5.9;

23:0 – 0.3–0.7; 24:0 – 1.1–2.1; 26:0 – 0.3 [9]

Rosaceae Juss. 760 Rosa davurica Pall.

Flower with Calyx

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.032 [3]

d30: 0.8334 [3]

n27: 1.4590–1.4624 [3]




12.30; stearoptene – 29.1 [3]

Petal

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.036 [3]

d30: 0.8257–0.8439 [3]

n27: 1.4524–1.4565 [3]




14.30; stearoptene – 50.0 [3]

Use: Attar of roses is used in perfumery, soap indus-

try, food industry, pharmaceutical, medical, and other

sectors of the national economy [8].

References


Bulgar. Sci. (Dokl. Bolg. AN) 26(7), 901 (1973)

2. B. Stoianova-Ivanova, K.Mladonova, S. Popov, Phytochem-

istry 10(6), 1391 (1971)

3. V.P Nilova, Biokhimija kul’turnykh rastenii, t. 6, pod red. N.N. Ivanova (Sel’khozgiz, Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1938), 228 s.

[in Russian]

4. К.А. Guseva, Маsloboino-zhirovaya promyshlennost’ (8),24 (1956) [in Russian]

5. Y. Nuraliev, Lekarstvennye rasteniya (“Maorif”, Dushanbe,

1989), 283 s [in Russian]

6. B.N. Rutovskii, Efirnye masla (Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1931),

578 s [in Russian]





9. K. Mladenova, Y.A. Yochkova, B. Stoianova-Ivanova, Phy-

tochemistry 22(4), 943 (1983)

10. B. Stoianova-Ivanova, K. Mladenova, I. Malova, Phyto-

chemistry 10(10), 2525 (1971)

11. B. Stoianova-Ivanova, P. Hadjieva, J. Tamas, Phytochemis-

try 13(8), 1523 (1974)

12. P. Hadjieva, B. Stoianova-Ivanova, B. Danieli, Chem. Phys.

Lipids 12(1), 60 (1974)

Rosa davurica Pall.


Flower

Essential oil

Content, %: 0.05–0.06 [1]

Fruit

Mass of 1,000, g: 320–520 [2]

Carotenoids


Seed

Oil [3]

Use: Fatty oil is used outwardly by burn, trophic

ulcer, and dermatitis [4], radiation injury of skin [3].

References




390 (1975) [in Russian]

3. D.A. Muraveva, Farmakognoziya (Moscow, 1978), 656 s [in

Russian]

4. A.F. Gammerman, I.I. Grom, Dikorastushchie lekarstvennyerasteniya SSSR (Moscow, 1976), 286 s [in Russian]

Rosa dumalis Bechst. (R. afzeliana Friesex Liljebl., R. vosagiaca Desportes)


Fruit

Carotene [1]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 7.84 [2]

FAs (GLC, capillary column, 5% phenyl methyl

silicone), %: 16:0 – 4.20; 18:0 – 2.82; 18:1(9) –

38.08; 18:2 – 49.39; 20:0 – 0.55; 20:1(11) – 0.39;

21:0 – 0.18 [2]

References



(2006) (unpubl.)

Rosa foetida Herrm. (Rosa lutea Mill., R. fedorovii Sumn. ex Chrschan.) 761 Rosaceae Juss.
Rosa eglanteria L.

Leaf

Essential oil

(Steam distillation, fresh leaves):

a½ �20D : �5�

d20: 0.924–0.933

n20D : 1.5105


Ether value, mg KOH: 35.3

Ether value after acetylation, mg KOH: 67.3


(petroleum ether extraction):

a½ �20D : +34.9�

d20: 0.840–0.880

n25D : 1.5145


Ether value, mg KOH: 35.3

Ether value after acetylation, mg KOH: 65.4


References

1. T. Krzaczek, J. Chybowski, Acta Polon. Pharm. XXX(3), 325

(1973)

Rosa elasmacantha Trautv.


Fruit

Carotene

References

1. G.G. Gadzhieva, Izv. AN AzSSR, ser. biol. nauk (3), 23

(1978) [in Russian]

Rosa elliptica Tausch


Fruit

Carotene

References


Rosa fedtschenkoana Regel


Pulp of Fruit

Carotene [1]

Seed

Oil [2]

Use: The fatty oil is used by burn, dermatitis, radia-

tion injury of skin [2].

References

1. Т.F. Kochkareva, Е.P. Trofimova, Izv. АN Tadzh. SSR, otd-

nie biol. nauk (1), 17 (1967) [in Russian]

2. D.A. Muraveva, Farmakognoziya (Moscow, 1978), 656 s

[in Russian]

Rosa floribunda Stev.


Fruit

Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on abs. dry wt: 6.0

References


(1978) [in Russian]

Rosa foetida Herrm. (Rosa lutea Mill.,R. fedorovii Sumn. ex Chrschan.)


Flower

Essential oil

Rosaceae Juss. 762 Rosa gallica L.

References



Rosa gallica L.


Flower

Essential oilContent (steam distillation), %: 0.008 [1]; (petro-

leum ether extraction), %: 0.12 [2]

d3015: 0.8440 [1]

Composition, %: Citronellol – 30.0; geraniol – 26.0;

aliphatic hydrocarbons – 9.0 [3]

Wax

FAs (GLC, PEGS), %: 12:0 – 1.0; 13:0 – tr; 14:0 –

1.0; 15:0 – tr; 16:0 – 16.3; 16:1 – tr; 17:0 – tr;

18:0 – 28.2; 18:1 – 1.0; 18:2 – 5.0; 19:0 – tr; 20:0

– 29.1; 21:0 – tr; 22:0 – 8.4; 24:0 – tr [4]

Composition, %: Hydrocarbons – 42.4; complex

ethers of FAs with alkanols and cyclic alcohols

– 21.6; second alcohols, carbonyl components

(aldehydes and ketones) – 6.3; primary alcohols

– 4.0; free acids – 3.3; acetate of triterpenoic acid

– 0.1; triterpenols – 2.5; sterols – 5.5 [4]

Alkanes

Composition (GLC, SE-30), %: С17 – 0.5; С18 –

0.2;С19 – 20.4;С20 – 2.9;С21 – 21.5;С22 – 0.5;

С23 – 11.5;С24 – 1.0;С25 – 9.0;С26 – 1.1;С27 –

19.1; С28 – 0.7; С29 – 4.3; С30 – 0.4; С31 – 4.0;

С32 – tr; С33 – 0.5; С34 – tr; С35 – tr [4]

Alkenes

Composition (GLC, SE-30), %: С19Н40 – tr;

С21Н41 – tr; С23Н48 – 1.0; С25Н52 – 0.3;

С27Н56 – 0.7; С29Н60 – 0.6; С31Н64 – 0.3 [4]

Complex ethers

FAs of complex ethers (GLC, PEGS), %: 12:0 –

0.4; 13:0 – 0.7; 14:0 – 0.7; 15:0 – tr; 16:0 – 11.0;

17:0 – 0.5; 18:0 – 29.8; 18:1 – 1.4; 18:2 – 3.3;

19:0 – tr; 20:0 – 31.6; 21:0 – 0.5; 22:0 – 20.1;

24:0 – tr [4]

Alcohols of complex ethers (TLC), %: Aliphatic –

69; cyclic – 31 [4]

(GLC, MS), %:С18 saturated and monoenic – 18.4;

С19 saturated and monoenic – tr; С20 saturated

and monoenic – 40.4; С21 saturated and

monoenic – tr; С22 saturated and monoenic –

28.9; С23 saturated and monoenic – tr; С24 sat-

urated and monoenic – 8.7; С26 saturated – 3.6;

С28 saturated – tr; С30 saturated – tr; С32 satu-

rated – tr [4]

FFA (GLC, PEGS), %: 12:0 – 1.3; 13:0 – tr; 14:0 –

2.8; 15:0 – tr; 16:0 – 11.5; 16:1 – tr; 17:0 – 0.2;

18:0 – 25.8; 18:1 – 3.5; 18:2 – 1.8; 19:0 – tr; 20:0

– 31.4; 21:0 – 0.2; 22:0 – 17.5; 24:0 – 4.0 [4]

Free alcohols (GLC, MS), %: С16Н33ОН – 2.3;

С17Н35ОН – 0.4;С18 saturated and monoenic –

6.1; С19 saturated and monoenic – 1.7; С20 sat-

urated and monoenic – 17.5; С21 saturated and

monoenic – 2.6; С22 saturated and monoenic –

21.6; С23 saturated and monoenic – 2.6; С24

saturated and monoenic – 20.1; С25Н51ОН –

4.3; С26Н53ОН – 17.5; С26Н51ОН – 3.3;

С28Н57ОН – tr; С30Н61ОН – tr; С32Н65ОН –

tr [4]

Second alkanols

Components (MS): С25–33Н51–67ОН [4]

Sterols

Components: Cholesterol, campesterol, stigmas-

terol, b-sitosterol [4]

Fruit

Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on abs. dry wt: 24 [5]

References



2. Biokhimija kul’turnykh rastenii, t. 6, pod red. N.N.

Ivanova (Sel’khozgiz, Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1938), 228 s [in

Russian]


[in Russian]

4. D.T. Asilbekova, S.D. Gusakova, A.I. Glushenkova, Chem.

Nat. Comp. 35(3), 295 (1999)


(1978) [in Russian]

Rosa imperial 763 Rosaceae Juss.
Rosa glutinosa auct.

Flower

Essential oil

References



Rosa huntica Chrshan.


Pulp of Fruit

Carotene

Content, % on dry wt: 0.04–0.06

References



Rosa iberica Stev. ex. Bieb.


Flower

Essential oil [1]

Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg/100 g: 24.8–36.0 [2]

Seed

Oil (ether)

b-Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on dry wt: 16.20; %:

7.95 [3]

Vitamin E


References




3. V.A. Bunakov, Biol. nauki (2), p. 144 (1960) [in Russian]

Rosa iliensis Chrshan


Fruit

Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on abs. dry wt: 2.0

References


(1978) [in Russian]

Rosa imperial


Flower

Absolute

Content, %: 43.0 [1]

Wax, %: 57.1 [1]

Hydrocarbons

Composition (Ag+/CC), %: Paraffins – 42.3; olefins

– 11.2; branched-chain – 0.3 [1]

Paraffins


0.4; C21 – 3.1; C22 – 0.5; C23 – 14.1; C24 – 1.4;

C25 – 20.1; C26 – 1.4; C27 – 38.9; C28 – 1.3; C29 –

9.3; C31 – 6.6; C33 – 2.2 [1]

Olefins


0.7; C23 – 7.7; C24 – 1.8; C25 – 17.0; C26 – 2.5;

C27 – 33.9; C28 – 1.6; C29 – 15.3; C30 – tr; C31 –

10.6; C33 – 7.9 [1]

Primary alcohols

Composition, (GLC), %: C19 – 0.2; C20 – 0.9; C21 –

1.7; C22 – 2.1; C23 – 2.6; C24 – 20.8; C25 – 3.8;

C26 – 25.1; C27 – 4.1; C28 – 31.7; C29+b-amyrin

– 1.1; C30 – 2.1; a-amyrin – 3.8 [2]

Rosaceae Juss. 764 Rosa kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juz.

Sterols

Composition (GLC), %: b-Sitosterol – 91.0; choles-terol, campesterol [2]

Aldehydes

Content (CC, TLC), %: 2.27 [3]

Composition (GLC, 1.5% SE-30), %: C16 – 2.0; C17

– 0.4; iso-C18 – 1.1; C18 – 4.3; C19 – 2.2; C20 –

10.3; C21 – 9.7; C22 – 30.1; C23 – 7.6; C24 – 15.5;

C25 – 2.4; C26 – 7.1; C27 – 1.1; C28 – 6.2 [3]

References

1. B. Stoianova-Ivanova, K. Mladenova, Compt. Rend. Acad.

Bulg. Sci. (Dokl. Bolgar. AN) 27(9), 1239 (1974)


269 (1977)


Bulg. Sci. (Dokl. Bolgar. AN) 28(3), 335 (1975)

Rosa kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juz.


Fruit

b-CaroteneVitamin E

References


[in Russian]

Rosa laevigata Michx.


Aerial Part

Lipids (acetone)

Triterpenoic acids (CC, 13C NMR): Ursolic,

oleanolic, 2a-hydroxyursolic, 2a-methoxyursolic,

tormentic, 11a-hydroxy tormentic, euscaphic

References

1. J.-M. Fang, K.-C. Wang, Y-S. Cheng, Phytochemistry 30(10),

3383 (1991)

Rosa laxa Retz.


Fruit

Carotenoids [1]

Carotene


References

1. V.G. Khrzhanovskii, V.G. Klyazkina, A.I. Shreter, Dokl.

Mosk. sel.-khoz. akad. im. K.A. Timiryazeva (187), 143

(1972) [in Russian]




Rosa lehmanniana Bunge (R. laceransBoiss. et Buhse)


Fruit

Carotene

References


[in Russian]

Rosa majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.)


Fruit

Carotenoids

Components: a-, b-Carotene, lycopene,

phytofluene, poly-cis-lycopenes А, В and С,

cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, taraxanthin [1]

Pulp of Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, mg/100 g: 2.0–19.8 [2]

Rosa micramtha Smith (R. floribunda Stev. ex Bess.) 765 Rosaceae Juss.
Seed
Oil [3]

Tocopherols

Components: a-, d-tocopherols [4]

Use: The oil of fruits is used for prophylaxis and

atherosclerosis treatment, stomach ulcer, trophic

ulcer, gynecological disorders [4].

The oil of seeds – for nonspecific ulcerative colitis

treatment, dermatosis; outwardly – by trophic ulcer

of shank, bedsores, chaps of mammilla, grazes [5].

References

1. I.N. Kushchinskaya, L.O. Shnaidman, Med. Prom. SSSR (4),

38 (1964) [in Russian]

2. T.S. Shirko, A.F. Radyuk, Rastit. Resursy 272, 59 (1991) [in

Russian]

3. Lekarstvennye rasteniya dikorastushchie, pod red. A.F.

Gammerman, I.D. Yurkevicha, 4 izd., Minsk (1968), 390

s [in Russian]


5. M.D. Mashkovskii, Lekarstvennye Sredstva, v 2 ch., 7 izd.

(Moscow, 1972), ch. 1, 430 s., ch. 2, 647 s., 10 izd., M., 1985,

ch. 1, 624 s., ch. 2, 575 s

Rosa mandenovae Gadzhieva


Fruit

Carotene

Vitamin E

References


Rosa maracandica Bunge


Pulp of Fruit

Carotene


References



Rosa marschalliana Sosn.


Fruit

Carotene

References

1. B.D. Alekseev, Rastit. Resursy 7, vyp. 4, 557 (1981) [in

Russian]

Rosa maximowicziana Regel


Fruit

Mass of 1,000, g: 220

Carotenoids

Content, mg% on abs. dry wt: 7.6

References


390 (1975) [in Russian]

Rosa micramtha Smith (R. floribundaStev. ex Bess.)


Fruit

Carotene

References


[in Russian]

Rosaceae Juss. 766 Rosa mollis Smith (R. ruprechtii Boiss.)

Rosa mollis Smith (R. ruprechtii Boiss.)


Fruit

Carotenoids

Components: Carotene, lucopene [1]Vitamin Е [2]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 10.94 [3]

References



[in Russian]


Rosa nanothamnus Bouleng.


Pulp of Fruit

Carotene


References



Rosa nisami Sosn.


Fruit

Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on abs. dry wt: 18 [1]

Pulp of Fruit


Triterpenoic acids

Component: ursolic acid [2]

Seed

Oil (ether), % on dry wt: 5.8 [2]

d204 : 0.9122 [2]

n20D : 1.4786 [2]




b-Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on dry wt: 7.90; %:

10.17 [3]

Vitamin E


FFA

Content, %: 2.7 [2]

References


(1978) [in Russian]

2. V.B. Kuliev, N.V. Gusarova, Chem. Nat. Comp. 20(4), 513

(1984)


Rosa oxyodon Boiss.


Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg/100 g: 46–48 [1]

Seed


b-Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on dry wt: 15.20; %

9.82 [2]

Vitamin E

Content, mg% on oil: 204 [2]

References



Rosa rugosa Thunb. 767 Rosaceae Juss.
Rosa pisiformis (H. Christ.) Sosn.

Seed



silicone), %: 16:0 – 4.07; 17:0 – 0.46; 18:0 –

4.10; 18:1(9) – 40.89; 18:2 – 46.31; 20:0 – 0.47;

20:1(11) – 0.46

References



Rosa platyacantha Schrenk


Pulp of Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg%: 11.0

Seed

Oil (ether), % on dry wt: 4.5

References

1. T.N. Bikbulatova, K.D. Beisekova, Chem. Nat. Comp. 15(3),

372 (1979)

Rosa pulverulentha Bieb. (R. glutinosaauct.)


Fruit

Essential oilCarotene [1]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 8.13 [2]


silicone), %: 16:0 – 3.50; 17:0 – 0.75; 18:0 –

4.31; 18:2 – 54.03; 18:3 (a-linolenic) – 34.38 [2]

References




Rosa rubiginosa L. (R. eglanteria L.)


Fruit

Carotenoids

Components: b-, g-Carotene, lycopene,

rubixanthin, zeaxanthin, cis-rubixanthin, cis-

lycopene, anteraxanthin, xanthophyll,

violaxanthin, taraxanthin [1–4]

Leaf


Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 6.6 [6]

FAs: 14:0; 16:0; 18:0; 18:1; 18:2; 18:3 [6]

References

1. N. Arpin, S. Liaaen-Jensen, Phytochemistry 8(1), 185 (1969)

2. I.N. Kushchinskaya, L.O. Shnaidman, Med. prom. SSSR (4),


3. F.C. Jacoby, F. Wokes, Biochem. J. 38 (3), 279 (1944)

4. G. Toth, J. Szabolcs, Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung. 64(4), 393

(1970)

5. T. Krzaczek, J. Chybowski, Acta pol. Pharm. 30(3), 325

(1973)


Rosa rugosa Thunb.


Flower

Essential oilContent (Кlevend.), % on abs. dry wt: 0.11–0.23 [1]

Composition (GLC, 15% DEGS on Chromosorb

W), %: Linalool – 4.47–7.56; citronellyl

Rosaceae Juss. 768 Rosa rugosa Thunb.

formate – 1.34–1.73; geranyl formiate – 8.88–

18.73; citronellol – tr – 3.04; geranyl acetate –

4.28–7.74; geraniol – 5.76–16.12; phenylethanol

– 31.44–33.31 [1]

(GC/MS, Superox FA): Terpenoids: trans-b-ocimene – x; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranial,

3-methyl-1-butanol – xx; citronellol – xxx; nerol

– xxx; geraniol – xxx; neryl acetate; aliphatics:

pentadecane – x; 2-tridecanone – x; 1-pentanol –

xx; 1-hexanol – x; 3-hexenol – x; acetic acid,

hexyl acetate – x; 3-hexenyl acetate – xx; aro-

matics: benzyl alcohol – xxx; b-phenylethanol –xxx; methyleugenol – xxx; eugenol – xx; b-phenylethyl acetate (x – �4%; xx – >4%;

�20%; xxx – >20%) [2]

Fruit

Essential oil

Components: a-Pinene, b-myrcene, azulene, geraniol,

(–)-linalool, nerolidol, n-heptyl alcohol, benzyl

alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, eugenol, isoeugenol, cit-

ral, n-undecylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzoic

acid, phenylacetic acid, linalyl acetate, mentone [3]

Mass of 1,000, g: 820–880 [4]

Carotenoids


Components (TLC, UV): a-, b-, g-Carotene, lyco-pene, rubixanthin, phytoxanthin [6]

Kernel

Oil

d15: 0.925–0.929 [7]

n20: 1.474–1.482 [7]

Hehner value, %: 94.5–95.0 [7]

Hydroxyl value, mg KOH: 4.5–4.7 [7]

Iodine value, % J2: 155–187 [7]

Polenske value, mL KOH: 0.3–0.4 [7]


Saponification value, mg KOH: 186–192 [7]

Saturated acids (Bertram), %: 5.0–5.5 [7]


Unsaturated acids, %: 94.5–95.0 [7]

FAs (GLC), %: 16:0 – 3.5–4.0; 18:0 – 1.5–24.8;

18:1 – 8–26; 18:2 – 45.2–55.0; 18:3 – 14–34 [7]

Petal

Essential oilContent, %: 0.25–0.38 [8]

Components: Phenylethyl alcohol (86.3%), linal-

ool, citronellol, geraniol, nerol, benzyl alcohol,

nonyl alcohol, heptyl alcohol, phenylethyl ace-

tate, benzyl formate, nonyl aldehyde, benzalde-

hyde, nonalactone, eugenol, phenylacetic acid,

benzoic acid [8]

Pollen

Essential oil

Composition (GC/MS, Superox FA): Terpenoids:

6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one – xx; geranyl acetone

– xxx; neral – xx; geranial – xxx; nerol, geraniol

– xx; citronellyl acetate – xx; neryl acetate – xx;

geranyl acetate – xxx; aliphatics: pentadecane –xx; 2-undecanone – xxx; 2-tridecanone – xxx; 2-

pentadecanone – xx; tetradecanal – xxx;

hexadecanal – x; acetic acid, tetradecyl acetate

– xxx; hexadecyl acetate; aromatics: b-phenylethanol – xxx; methyleugenol – xxx;

eugenol – xx; b-phenylethyl acetate – xx (x –

�4%; xx – >4%; �20%; xxx – >20%) [2]

Pollenkitt

Essential oilComposition (GC/MS, Superox FA): terpenoids:

geranyl acetone – x; geranial – x; citronellyl

acetate – x; geranyl acetate – x; aliphatics:pentadecane – x; 2-tridecanone – xx;

tetradecanol – xx; tetradecyl acetate – xxx;

hexadecyl acetate – xxx; aromatics:methyleugenol – x; b-phenylethyl acetate – x (x

– �4%; xx – >4%; �20%, xxx – >20%) [2]

Pulp of Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, mg/100 g: 2.0–19.4 [9]

Unsaponifiables

Content, mg/100 g: 29 [10]

Choline

Content, mg%: 65.0 [10]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 13.5–14.3 [4]

n20D :1.4705 [4]




Phosphatides, %: 3.8 [4]


Rosa sp. 769 Rosaceae Juss.
FAs (PC), %: 16:0 – 17.6; 18:1 – 5.2; 18:2 – 44.5;
18:3 – 32.0 [4]

Carotenoids

Components: a-, b-Carotene, cryptoxanthin,

taraxanthin, rubixanthin, lycopene, lutein,

phytofluene, poly-cis-lycopenes А, В, С [3]

Use: Essential oil of petals – in perfumery and soap

industry [8].

References

1. S.G. Sakov, G.G. Senchenko, I.S. Kozhina, Rastit. Resursy

18(3), 388 (1982) [in Russian]

2. H.E.M. Dobson, J. Bergstrom, G. Bergstrom, I. Groth, Phy-

tochemistry 26(12), 3171 (1987)

3. Rastitel’nye resursy SSSR. Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikhkhimicheskii sostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae (izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987), pp. 19–

101 [in Russian]

4. A. Rutkowski, J. Batura, A. Kopczynska, Oleagineux 20(6),

383 (1965)


390 (1975) [in Russian]

6. I.N. Kushchinskaya, L.O. Shnaidman, Med. prom. SSSR (4),



8. N.I. Suprunov, P.G. Gorovoi, Y.A. Pankov, Efirno-maslichnye rasteniya Dal’nego Vostoka (Izd. “Nauka”,

Novosibirsk, 1972), 187 s [in Russian]

9. T.S. Shirko, A.F. Radyuk, Rastit. Resursy 27(2), 59

(1991) [in Russian]


Rosa ruprechtii Boiss.


Seed

Oil (ether)

b-CaroteneContent (colorimetry), mg% on dry wt: 14.20; %:

10.94

Vitamin E

Content, mg% on oil: 197.0

References


Rosa sachokiana P. Jarosch.


Fruit

Carotene

References

1. Rastitel’nye resursySSSR.Tsvetkovye rasteniya, ikh khimicheskiisostav, ispol’zovanie. Sem. Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae(izd. “Nauka”, Leningrad, 1987, 19–101 (in Russian)

Rosa schrenkiana Crep.


Fruit

Carotene

References


Rosa sosnovskyana Tamamsch.


Fruit

Carotene

Content (colorimetry), mg% on abs. dry wt: 28

References


(1978) [in Russian]

Rosa sp.


Flower

Essential oil

30

Rosaceae Juss. 770 Rosa sp.

d4 : 0.870–0.871 [1]

n30D : 1.4640–1.4658 [1]

Composition, %: Stearoptene – 5–23.0;

phenylethanol – 40–50; citronellol – 27.5–35;

geraniol – 5; eugenol – 2–3; aldehydes – tr [2]

Composition (GLC), %: Free monoterpene alcohols

– 66.5–67.5 (geraniol, linalool, nerol);

phenylethanol – 1.7–3.9; ethanol,

dinitrobenzoate of nonyl alcohol, methanol; car-

bonyl compounds (citral, citronellal) – 1.6–2.0;

aldehydes (nonyl aldehyde) – 0.25; benzalde-

hyde – 1.5; acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde,

valeraldehyde, salicylaldehyde, phenylace-

taldehyde, aromatic compounds (eugenol,

eugenolmethylether), hydrocarbons

(heptadecane, nonadecane, eicosane,

heneicosane, eicosen-10 [1, 3]

(GLC, Carbowax 1500), %: Ethanol – 0.5–1.3;

nonyl aldehyde – 0.2–0.3; citronellal – 0.3–0.4;

linalool – 1.3–1.5; citronellylacetate – 2.1–2.5;

citral – 1.4–1.7; geranylacetate – 1.1–1.2; citro-

nellol – 40.5–44.5; nerol – 1.8–6.3; geraniol –

18.2–19.8; phenylethyl alcohol – 1.7–3.9; euge-

nol – 0.1–0.4; eugenolmethylether – 0.5–0.7;

pentadecane – 0.4–0.7; hexadecane – 0.4–0.6;

heptadecane – 1.4–1.6; octadecane – 0.6–1.5;

nonadecane – 3.7–9.3; eicosane – 1.5–2.8;

heneicosane – 3.0–3.2; docosane – 0.8–1.7;

tricosane – 0.5–0.8; tetracosane – 0.2–0.3 [1]

Wax


Ether value, mg KOH: 25–80 [4]

Composition, %: Hydrocarbons – 60; oxygen

containing compounds – 40 (myricyl

alcohol, ceryl alcohol, complex ethers of

capronic, caprylic, phenylacetic, ceratic, stearic

acids with terpenoic, isoceryl and myricyl

alcohols [4]

Fruit

Moisture, %: 79.7 [5]

Tocopherols

Composition (HPLC), mg/100 g on fresh wt: a-Tocopherol – 4.14; b-tocopherol – 0.14; g-tocopherol – 0.10; d-tocopherol – tr [5]

CO2-extract


n20D : 1.4775 [6]



Lipids

Content, % on extract: 65 [6]

FAs (GLC), %: 16:0 – 6.7; 18:0 – 7.2; 18:1 – 40.4;

18:2 – 18.8; 18:3 – 26.9 [6]

Carotenoids


Component: Carotene only [6]

Wax, %: 2.0 [6]

Vitamin E, mg%: 1523 [6]

Vitamin F, %: 33.8 [6]

Chladone-extract


n20D : 1.4780 [6]



Lipids

Content, % on extract: 67 [6]

Carotenoids

Content, mg%: 535 [6]

Composition, mg%: Carotene – 496; lycopene –

5.75; oxygen containing carotenoids – 30 [6]

Wax, %: 2.0 [6]

Seed

Oil (petrol ether)

TAG (6 fractions)

FAs of fr. I (GLC, EGS), %: 16:0 + 18:0 – 2.0; 18:1

– 1.0; 18:2 – 3.0; 18:3 – 94.0 [7]

FAs of fr. II: 18:1 – 2.0; 18:2 – 31.0; 18:3 – 67.0 [7]

FAs of fr. III: 16:0 + 18:0 – 11.0; 18:1 – 18.0; 18:2 –

8.0; 18:3 – 63.0 [7]

FAs of fr. IV: 16:0 + 18:0 – 1.0; 18:1 – 2.0; 18:2 –

61.0; 18:3 – 36.0 [7]

FAs of fr. V: 16:0 + 18:0 – 9.0; 18:1 – 20.0; 18:2 –

37.0; 18:3 – 34.0 [7]

FAs of fr. VI: 16:0 + 18:0 – 9.0; 18:1 – 18.0; 18:2 –

68.0; 18:3 –5.0 [7]

Activity: Oil of fruits has bactericidal action (goldish

staphylococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, typhus,

paratyphoid, dysentery bacillus, colon bacillus and

some anaerobic bacteria) [8].

Use: The oil is used instead of beeswax in cosmetol-

ogy [4].

Rosa villosa L. (R. pomifera Herrm.) 771 Rosaceae Juss.
References
1. S. Juvonen, Planta Med. 12(4), 488 (1964)

2. Efiromaslichnye kul’tury, pod red. А.А. Khotina, G.Т.Shulgina (Sel’khozizdat, Moscow, 1963), p. 332 [in Russian]

3. К.А. Timanovich, Maslo-zhirovaya promyshlennost’ (1), 32(1968) [in Russian]

4. N.F. Novotel’nova, Z.I. Fedulova, B.M. Berkengeim, S.D.

Kustova, Maslo-zhirovaya promyshlennost’ (5), 30

(1966) [in Russian]



6. E.A. Shaftan, N.S. Mikhailova, N.F. Dyuban’kova, N.D.

Gol’berg, L.N. Fefelova, Rastit. Resursy 14(2), 208

(1978) [in Russian]

7. F.D. Gunstone, F.B. Padley, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 42(11),

957 (1965)

8. A.I. Shapiro, O.K. Filippova, Zh. Mikrobiol., Epidemiol.,

Immunobiol. (10), 26 (1947) [in Russian]

Rosa spinosissima L.


Fruit

Carotene

Content, mg/100 g: 35.5–36.8 [1]

Lycopene [2]

Pulp of Fruit

Oil, % on dry wt: 11.6 [3]

Seed





References



3. T.I. Plekhanova, V.А. Bandyukova, F.K. Bairamkulova,

Chem. Nat. Comp. 14(3), 334 (1978)

Rosa tomentosa Smith.


Fruit

Carotene


References


(1978) [in Russian]

Rosa turkestanica Regel


Fruit

Carotene

References


[in Russian]

Rosa villosa L. (R. pomifera Herrm.)


Fruit

Carotenoids

Components: (15Z)-Phytoene, (15Z)-phytofluene,

all-(Е)-phytofluene, x-carotene, mono-(Z)- x-carotene, (6R)-E,C-carotene, mono-(Z)- E,C-

carotene, b,C-carotene, mono-(Z)-b,C-caro-

tene, neurosporene, mono-(Z)-neurosporene,

lycopene, (Z)-lycopenes, b,b-carotene,mono-(Z)-b,b-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin, (Z)-b-cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, (50Z)-rubixanthin,(90Z)-rubixanthin, (130Z)-rubixanthin, (13Z)-rubixanthin, (50Z),130Z)- or (50Z,13Z)-rubixanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, (13Z)-zeaxan-

thin, mono-(Z)-zeaxanthin, (8R)-mutatoxanthin,

(8S)-mutatoxanthin, neoxanthin, (80R)-neochrom, (80S)-neochrom, tetrahydroxy-

carotenoid, tetrahydroxyepoxycarotenoid [1]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 7.79 [2]


silicone), %: 16:0 – 3.14; 17:0 – 0.70; 18:0 –

5.18; 18:2 – 49.93; 18:3 (a-linolenic) – 32.94 [2]

Rosaceae Juss. 772 Rosa virgo

References

1. E. M€arki-Fischer, U. Marti, R. Buchecker, C.H. Eugster,

Helv. Chim. Acta 66(2), 494 (1983)



Rosa virgo


Flower

Absolute

Content, %: 49.1 [1]

Wax

Content, %: 34.5 [1]

Hydrocarbons

Composition (Ag+/CC), %: Paraffins – 44.1; olefins

– 7.8 [1]

Branched-chain hydrocarbons

Content, %: 0.4 [1]

Paraffins


0.5; C21 – 10.5; C22 – 0.7; C23 – 11.2; C24 – 1.2;

C25 – 12.2; C26 – 1.5; C27 – 33.3; C28 – 2.8; C29 –

15.0; C30 – 1.1; C31 – 6.0; C32 – 0.7; C33 – 2.2 [1]

Olefins


0.6; C21 – 3.7; C22 – 0.6; C23 – 6.8; C24 – 1.1; C25

– 10.6; C26 – 2.1; C27 – 26.6; C28 – 3.7; C29 –

22.3; C30 – 1.1; C31 – 9.6; C32 – 1.1; C33 – 4.8 [1]

Primary alcohols

Free alcohols

Composition (GLC), %: C16 – tr; C18 – tr; C20 – 4.2;

C21 – 3.5; C22 – 17.5; C23 – 5.4; C24 – 12.1; C25 –

2.9; C26 – 8.6; C27 – 3.1; C28 – 20.3; C29 + b-amyrin – 4.9; C30 – 2.7; a-amyrin – 14.1 [2]

Ester-bound alcohols


11.0; C19 – 0.7; C20 – 20.2; C21 – 2.9; C22 – 17.8;

C23 – 1.5; C24:1 – 2.5; C24 – 11.7; C25 – 0.9; C26 –

6.8; C27 – 0.7; C28:1 – 0.8; C28 – 7.0; C29+b-amyrin – 6.4; C30 – 2.5; a-amyrin – 5.0 [2]

Secondary alcohols

Composition (GLC), %: C25 – 1.7 (4-ol – 32; 5-ol –

39; 6-ol – 29); C26 – 1.6 (4-ol – 29; 5-ol – 60; 6-ol

– 11); C27 – 37.7 (4-ol – 26; 5-ol – 50; 6-ol – 24);

C28 – 4.3 (4-ol – 26; 5-ol – 52; 6-ol – 22); C29 – 28.6

(4-ol – 23; 5-ol – 54; 6-ol – 23); C30 – 0.9 (4-ol –

32; 5-ol – 50; 6-ol – 18); C31 – 16.0 (4-ol – 36; 5-ol

– 50; 6-ol – 14); C32 – 1.4 (4-ol – 37; 5-ol – 48; 6-ol

– 15); C33 – 7.7 (4-ol – 31; 5-ol – 50; 6-ol – 20) [2]

Sterols

Composition (GLC), %: b-Sitosterol – 91; choles-

terol, campesterol [2]

Aldehydes

Content, %: 3.03 [3]

Composition (GLC, 1.5%SE-30 onChromosorbW),

%: 14 – tr; 15 – tr; 16 – 3.4; 17 – 0.2; 18 – 6.3; 19 –

0.6; 20 – 3.5; 21 – 4.1; 22 – 21.0; 23 – 8.3; 24 –

28.7; 25 – 4.0; 26 – 9.9; 27 – 2.2; 28 – 8.0 [3]

References

1. B. Stoianova-Ivanova, K. Mladenova, Compt. Rend. Acad.

Bulgar Sci. (Dokl. Bolgar. AN) 27(9), 1239 (1974)


269 (1977)


Bulgar Sci. (Dokl. Bolgar. AN) 28(3), 335 (1975)

Rosa webbiana Wall. ex Royle


Fruit

Carotene

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 4

FAs: 16:0; 18:1; 18:2; 18:3

References


[in Russian]

Rosa woodsii L.


Aerial Part

Dry matter, %: 94.25

Rubus arcticus L. 773 Rosaceae Juss.
Lipids, %: 3.10
Carotene

Content, mg/kg: 34.35

References


Rosa zakatalensis Gadzh.


Fruit

Carotene


References


(1978) [in Russian]

Rubus anatolicus (Focke) Focke exHausskn. (R. turcomanicus Freyn., R.sanguineus auct.)


Root

Essential oil


References

1. R.K. Aliev, R.A. Abdullaev, A.Kh. Rakhimova, Izv. AN

Azer. SSR, ser. biol. i med. nauk (8), 117 (1961) [in Russian]

Rubus arcticus L.


Fruit

Essential oil

Components: Hydrocarbons: n-Pentane, chloro-

form; organic acids: acetic acid, n-butanoicacid, propionic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid, 3-

methylbutanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-butenoic acid,

3-methyl-3-butenoic acid, n-hexanoic acid;

ethers: diethyl ether, ethylacetate, 2-methyl-2-

butenylacetate, 3-methyl-2-butenylacetate, cis-3-hexenylacetate, 2-phenylethylacetate, ethyl

nicotiniate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthal-

ate, ethy lformate, methyl ether of pyruvic acid,

methyleugenol, ethylbenzoate, diethyl ether of

succinic acid; lactones: g-lactone of butyric

acid, E-lactone of caproic acid; aldehydes andketones: acetaldehyde, tiglic aldehyde, formal-

dehyde, n-butanal, 2-butenal, propanal,

propenal, n-pentanal, pentenal, hexenal,

nonanal, benzaldehyde, methylbutanal, 2-

methylpropanal, furfurol, acetone, 2-heptanone,

2-butanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, b-dihydroionone, b-tetrahydroionone, diacetyl,

acetoin, acetoin acetate; alcohols: methanol,

ethanol, n-pentanol, 1-propanol, diacetonic alco-hol (2-methyl-2-hydroxy-4-pentanone), 1-buta-

nol, 2-heptanol, 1-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol,

trans-3-penten-1-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 2-

phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, a-terpin-eol, nerol, geraniol, guaiacol, eugenol, linalool,

2-vinyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-

hydroxytetrahydropyran (oxide of linalool), (+)-

(2R,5S)-cis-2-vinyl-2-methyl-5-(10-hydroxy-10-methylethyl)-tetrahydrofuran (cis-oxide of lin-

alool), (–)-(2R,5S)-trans-2-vinyl-2-methyl-5-

(10-hydroxy-10-methylethyl)-tetrahydrofuran

(trans-oxide of linalool); heterocyclic compo-

nents: mezifuran (2,5-dimethyl-4-metoxy-2,3-

dihydro-3-furanone), hydroxymezifuran [1–4]

References

1. H. Kallio, J. Food. Sci. 41(3), 556 (1976)

2. H. Kallio, J. Food Sci. 41(3), 563 (1976)

3. T. Pyysalo, M. Suihko, E. Honkanen, Lebensmitt.-Wiss.

+ Technol. 10(1), 36 (1977); Chem. Abstr. 87, N 20798 (1977)


[in Russian]

Rosaceae Juss. 774 Rubus buschii Grossh. ex Sinjkova

Rubus buschii Grossh. ex Sinjkova


Fruit

Carotenoids


Leaf

Carotene [2]

Vitamin Е [2]

References



[in Russian]

Rubus caesius L. (R. turkestanicus (Regel)Pavl.)


Fruit

Lipids

Content, % on fresh wt: 1.26–1.32 [1]

b-Carotene [2]Vitamin E [2]

Pulp of Fruit

Oil, % on dry wt: 13.5 [1]

FAs (GLC), %: 15:0 – 0.5; 16:0 – 7.61; 18:1 – 20.3;

18:2 – 65.6; 18:3 – 3.23 [1]

References

1. E.N. Novruzov, L.A. Shamsi-zade, Rastit. Resursy 19, vyp. 3,

366 (1983) [in Russian]


[in Russian]

Rubus caucasicus Focke


Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, % on fresh wt: 0.06

References

1. E.N. Novruzov, Rastit. Resursy, 24(1), 48 (1988) [in Russian]

Rubus chamaemorus L.


Fruit

Essential oilComponents: Hydrocarbons: Heptane, toluene, о-,

m- and p-xylene, styrene, naphthalene; alcohols:

methanol, ethanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-

propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-

pentanol, 2-heptanol, 3-penten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-

buten-1-ol, 1-hexanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol,

trans-2-octen-1-ol; ethers: ethylacetate,

butylformate, methylhexanoate, ethylhexanoate;

aldehydes and ketones: acetaldehyde, hexanal,

acetone, diacetyl, acetoin, 2-pentanone, 2-

heptanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one; aromaticcomponents: benzyl alcohol, 1-phenylethanol, 2-

phenylethanol, 3-phenylpropanol, cis- and trans-cinnamic alcohol, phenol, 4-ethylphenol, о-methoxyphenol, 4-vinylphenol, 2-methoxy-5-

vinylphenol, 4-allylphenol, eugenol, 2,6-di-

tret-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4-methoxyace-

tophenon, methylbenzoate, ethylbenzoate,

benzylbenzoate, benzylacetate, 2-phenylethyl-

formate, methylcinnamate, dimethylphthalate,

dibutylphthalate, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 4-

methoxybenzaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, vanil-

lin, 4-allylphenol, methylvanillate,

acethovanillone, butylhydroxyanisole, methyl-3-

hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxyacetophenone,

methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxyace-

tophenone, 2-phenylphenol; terpenes: a-fenchene,

Rubus idaeus L. (R. sericeus Gilib.) 775 Rosaceae Juss.
geraniol, linalool, linalylacetate, a-terpineol,isopinocamphon, cis- and trans-oxide of linalool;heterocyclic compounds: furfurol, 5-
hydroxymethylfurfurol, 5-methylfurfurol, g-caprolactone, coumarin, 3,5-dihydro-2-methyl-

4Н-pyran-4-one; organic acids: acetic, propionic,

2-methylpropionic, butanoic, 2-methylbutanoic,

pentanoic, hexanoic, octanoic, 2-methylictanoic,

benzoic, cis-cinnamic, trans-cinnamic, p-

hydroxycinnamic (p-coumaric), 3-hydroxy-4-

methoxycinnamic, 3-phenylpropionic, nonanoic,

decanoic, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic,

hexadecanoic acids [1, 2]

Carotenoids

Component: Rubixanthin [3]

Pulp of Fruit

Unsaponifiables

Content, mg/100 g: 52.0 [4]

References


[in Russian]

2. Pyysalo T., Suihko M., Honkanen E., Lebemsm.-Wiss.

Technol. 10(1), 369 (1977); Chem. Abstr. 87, N 207798r

(1977)

3. W. Karrer, Konstitution und Vorkommen der organischenPflanzenstoffe (Basel, Stuttgart, 1958), 1207 s


Rubus chingii Hu


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids

Component (UV, MS, 1H, 13C NMR): 2,19a-dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-1,12-dien-28-oic acid

(fupenzic acid)

References

1. M. Hattori, K.-P. Kuo, Y.-Z. Shu, S. Tezuka, T. Kikuchi, T.

Namba, Phytochemistry 27(12), 3975 (1988)

Rubus crataegifolius Bunge


Root

Triterpenoic acid

Component: Ursolic acid

Sterols


campesterol, cholestanol

References

1. C.K. Moon, C.K. Yoo, Seoul Taehakkyo Saongyak Yonguso

Opjukjip 15(86) (1976); Chem. Abstr. 88, N 47503 (1978)

Rubus fruticosus L.


Fruit

Triterpenoic acids

Component: 3b, 17a-dihydroxy-D12–28-oic acid

(rubitic acid) [1]

a-Tocopherol

Content, ppm on dry wt: 210; on fresh wt: – 35 [2]

References

1. M.C. Das, S.B. Mahato, Phytochemistry 22(5), 1071 (1983)


Rubus idaeus L. (R. sericeus Gilib.)


Fruit

Essential oil[a]: +2.8� [1]d: 0.8830 [1]

Ether value, mg KOH: 193 [1]

Ether value after acetylation, mg KOH: 215 [1]

Components: Hydrocarbons: a-Pinene, a-phellandrene, limonene, a-terpinolene,

Rosaceae Juss. 776 Rubus idaeus L. (R. sericeus Gilib.)

sabinene, trans-caryophyllene, humulene, a-elemene; alcohols: ethanol, 2-methylpropanol,

2-methylbutan-1-ol, 1-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-

buten-1-ol, 1-hexanol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-

3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, linalool, linal-ool oxide, terpinen-4-ol, a-terpineol, cis-sabinol,nerol, geraniol, mentanol; ethers: ethylacetate,3-methyl-2-buten-1-ylacetate, 3-methyl-2-

buten-1-ylformiate, cis-3-hexen-1-ylacetate,

cis-3-hexen-1-ylformiate, ethyl-5-hydroxyox-

yoctanoate, ethyl-5-hydroxydecanoate; alde-

hydes and ketones: hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 6-

methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetoin, piperitone, a-and b-ionone; aromatic compounds: xylol, p-

cymene, benzaldehyde, benzylacetate, benzylic

alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-methoxy-4-

vinylphenol, 2-methoxy-5-vinylphenol, 3,4-

dimethoxybenzaldehyde, eugenol, 4-

vinylphenol, trans-cinnamic alcohol, benzoic

acid, vanillin, gingerone, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)

butan-2-one; heterocyclic compounds: 2,5-

dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2Н)-furanone, 5-methyl-

4-hydroxy-3(2Н)-furanone, 2,5-dimethyl-4-

hydroxy-3(2Н)-furanone, g- and d-hexalactones,g- and d-octalactones, d-decalactone, d-dodecalactone; organic acids: acetic, propionic,

butanoic, 2-methylbutanoic, 3-methyl-2-

butenoic, 3-methyl-3-butenoic, hexanoic,

octanoic, decanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic

[2]

Tocopherols

Components: a-, g- and d-tocopherols [2]a-Tocopherol

Content, ppm on fresh wt: 3.0 [3]

Carotenoids


Component: Carotene [2]Sterols

Component: Phytosterol (0.7%) [5]

Leaf

Carotene [6]

Vitamin Е [6]

Aliphatic hydrocarbons [2]

Pollen


b-Carotene [2]

FAs: 4:0; 16:0; 16:1; 18:0; 18:2; 18:3; 20:0; 21:0;

22:0 [2]

TAG

FAs (GLC), %: 10:0 – tr; 12:0 – 2.22; 14:0 – 0.30;

14:1 – tr; 15:0 – 0.14; iso-16:0 – 0.59; 16:0 –

2.51; 16:1 – 0.31; 16:2 – 0.14; 17:0 – 0.15;

17:1 – tr; 17:2 – tr; 18:0 – 5.12; 18:1 – 3.16;

18:2 – 6.31; 18:3 – 52.19; 19:0 – tr; 20:0 – 0.17;

21:0 – 0.28 [7]

Pulp of Fruit

Sterols

Content, mg/100 g on fresh wt: 23 [8]

Unsaponifiables, mg/100 g: 40–72 [8]

Seed

Oil, % on dry wt: 21.3 [2]

Iodine value, mg KOH: 174.8 [2]

FAs: 4:0; 16:0; 16:1; 18:0; 18:2; 18:3; 20:0; 21:0;

22:0 [2]

TAG


10.6; LeLL + LeLeО – 25.3; LeLeP – 0.8; LLL +

LeLO – 21.1; LeLP + LeLe – 4.0; LLO + LeOO

– 14.0; LLP + ЛLeLS + LeOP –6.2; LOO – 5.3;

LLS+LOP + LeOS – 5.2; LPP + LePS – tr; OOO

– 2.1; LOS + OOP – 0.6; LPS + OPP – 0.4; OOS

– tr [9]

References

1. B.N. Rutovskii, Efirnye Masla (Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1932)

[in Russian]


[in Russian]


4. E.N. Novruzov, Rastit. Resursy 24(1), 48 (1988) [in

Russian]

5. Atlas lekarstvennykh rastenii SSSR (Мoscow, 1962), 704 s [in

Russian]

6. S. Ya. Zolotnitskaya, Lekarstvennye resursy floryArmenii: в 2 t. (Erevan, 1958), t. 1, 609 s., 1965, t. 2, 371 s

[in Russian]

7. V.A. Bandyukova, G.I. Deineko, D.K. Shapiro, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 18(2), 227 (1982)


9. V.I. Deineka, L.A. Deineka, Chem. Nat. Comp. 40(3), 293

(2004)

Sanguisorba officinalis L. 777 Rosaceae Juss.
Rubus sanguineus Friv. (R. Sanctus auct.Plur. Non Schreb.)

Root

Essential oilContent, % on dry wt: 0.32; on abs. dry wt: 0.44

Lipids

Moisture, %: 14.66

Content of lipids, % on dry wt: 5.3; on abs. dry wt:

6.2

Vitamin E

Content, mg on dry wt: 160.0; on abs. dry wt: 192.3

References

1. R.K. Aliev, R.A. Abdullaev, A.Kh. Rakhimova, Izv. AN

Azer. SSR, ser. boil. i med. nauk (8), 117 (1961) [in Russian]

Rubus saxatilis L.


Fruit

Carotenoids


Pulp of Fruit

Unsaponifiables

Content, mg/100 g: 70 [2]

References


2. L.I. Vigorov, Rastit. Resursy 8(4), 557 (1972) [in Russian]

Sanguisorba minor Scop.


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 8.9–13.7 [1]

Oil, % on dry wt: 17.7–20.3 [1, 2]

n40D : 1.4713 [2]



FAs

Triene, as 18:3, %: nonconjugated – 29 [2]

Diene, as 18:2, %: nonconjugated – 38 [2]

Monoene, as 18:1, %: 19 [2]


Composition (GLC, Silar 5 CP), %: 16:0 – 6.03;

16:1 – 0.13; 17:0 – 0.08; 17:1 – 0.05; 18:0 – 2.89;

18:1 – 13.16; 18:2 – 36.88; 18:3 – 38.20; 20:0 –

0.43; 20:1 – 0.64; 22:0 – 0.28; 22:1 – 0.10 [3]

16:1

Composition of isomers (Ag+-PТLC), %: n-7 –

62.6; n-9 – 37.4 [3]

18:1

Composition of isomers (Ag+-PТLC), %: n-5 – 0.4;

n-7 – 2.8; n-9 – 96.8 [3]

20:1

Composition of isomers (Ag+-PТLC), %: n-7–

65.6; n-9 – 14.1; n-11 – 20.3 [3]

References


2. F.R. Earle, E.H. Melvin, L.H. Mason, C.H. van Etten, I.A.

Wolff, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 36(7), 304 (1959)

3. A. Seher, U. Gundlach, Fette, Seifen, Anstrich. 84(9), 342

(1982)

Sanguisorba officinalis L.


Leaf

Triterpenoic acids

Components: Ursolic acid (0.6%), hydroxyursolic

acid [1]

Root

Essential oilContent, %: 1.5–1.8 [2, 3]

Sterols

Components: Sitosterol, stigmasterol [1]

References


[in Russian]

Rosaceae Juss. 778 Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.)

2. R. Hegnauer, Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bd. 1–6 (Basel;Stuttgart, 1969), Bd. 5, 506 s; 1966, Bd. 4, 551 s; 1973, Bd. 6,

882 s


Poleznye rasteniya Zapadnoi Sibiri ( izd. AN SSSR,


Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.) Schneid.(S. laevigata (L.) Maxim., Spiraealaevigata L., S. altaica Pall.,Spiraea altaiensis Laxm.; Sibiricalaevigata Maxim.)


Leaf

Essential oil [1]Triterpenoic acids

Component: Ursolic acid [2]

References

1. B.N. Rutovskii, Efirnye Masla (Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1931)

578 s [in Russian]


Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br.(Spiraea sorbifolia L. S. pinnataMoench.; Basilima sorbifolia Raf.;Schizonotus sorbifolius Lindl.; Sorbariastellipila C.K. Schn., Sorbaria assurgenshort. et C. K. Schn.)


Root

Essential oil (fermentation)

Components: Methyl salicylate, salicylic aldehyde

References


578 s [in Russian]

Sorbus americana Marsh. (Pyrusamericana)


Seed

Mass of 1,000, g: 3.8


References


Sorbus aucuparia L. (S. boissieri Schneid.)


Bark

Triterpenoids

Components: Ceryl alcohol, b-sitosterol, betulin,lupenol, 23-hydroxybetulin, 20, 30-dihydro-23-

hydroxybetulin, 23-hydroxyallobetulin [1]

Branch

Ursolic acid [2]

Flower

Triterpenoid

Components: a-Amyrin, ursolic acid [3, 4]

Sterols

Component: b-Sitosterol [3, 4]Aliphatic hydrocarbons: n-Octacosane, tricosanol [4]

Fruit

Essential oil

[a]: +40.8� [5]d14: 1.0680 [5]

Component: Lactone of oxyhydrosorbic acid [5]

Carotenoids

Content, mg% on fresh wt: 15.4–18.0; mg% on dry

wt: 27.1–53.9 [6–8]; mg% on abs. dry wt: 16.3

[9]; mg/g: 0.31–1.13 [10, 11]

Composition, %: b-Carotene –29.6, cryptoxanthin +b-carotene monoepoxide – 70 [6]; phytofluene –

0.9, a-carotene – 0.5–1.6, b-carotene – 29.3–

30.6, cis-cryptoxanthin – 32.3–36.3, trans-

cryptoxanthin – 17.8, 5,6:monoepoxy-a-carotene

Sorbus domestica L. (Pyrus sorbus Gaertn.) 779 Rosaceae Juss.
– 28.9, 5,6:monoepoxy-b-carotene – 0.8–2.4,
violaxanthin – 0.6, lutein – 1.9, zeaxanthin – 1.7,

mutatochrome – 6.9, aurochrome – 5.7 [10–12]

mg%: a-carotene – 6.2, neo-b-carotene – 3.3, b-carotene – 3.84, polycopene – 1.4, x-carotene –

1.6 [9]

Carotene

Content, mg% on fresh wt: 5.37–18.0 [12–14]; mg

% on dry wt: 13.5–30.6 [12]; 2.6–8.0 [15]

Triterpenoids

Content, %: 1.84 [16]

Triterpenoic acids

Content, % of triterpenoids: 28.0 [16]; % on dry

fruit: 1.58–1.91

Components: Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid [16, 17]

Tocopherols


PhL


Components: PhC, PhE [7]

Leaf

Ursolic acid [2]

Pulp of Fruit

Unsaponifiables, mg/100 g: 46 [18]

Seed

Oil

TAG


LeLL + LeLeO – 2.4; LeLeP – 0.1; LLL +


LeOO – 24.0; LLP + LeLS + LeOP –13.0;

LOO – 9.8; LLS+LOP + LeOS – 7.8; LPP +

LePS – tr; OOO – 2.2; LOS + OOP – 1.1;

LPS + OPP – tr; OOS – 0.1 [19]

References

1. W. Lawrie, J. McLean, G.R. Taylor, J. Chem. Soc. 4303

(1960)

2. A.G. Shavva, L.G. Matyukhina, I.A. Saltykova, Chem. Nat.

Comp. 5(5), 372 (1969)

3. M. Krolikowska, J. Kamecki, Rocz. Chem. 39(12), 1937

(1965)

4. M. Krolikowska, J. Kamecki, Rocz. Chem. 47(7), 1375

(1973)


578 s [in Russian]

6. B.G. Savinov, L.D. Protsenko, Ukr. Khim. Zhurn. 20, vyp. 4,

399 (1954) [in Russian]

7. L.O. Shnaidman, I.N. Kushchinskaya, M.K.Mitel’man, A.Z.

Efimov, I.V. Klement’eva, Z.P. Alekseeva, Rastit. Resursy

7, vyp. 1, 68 (1971) [in Russian]

8. A.F. Gammerman, I.I. Grom,Dikorastushchie lekarstvennyerasteniya SSSR (Moscow, 1976), 110 s [in Russian]

9. S.A. Deren’ko, Chem. Nat. Comp. 14(4), 454 (1978)


39(162), 785 (1975)

11. L.R.G. Valadon, R.S. Mummery, Ann. Bot. 36(146), 471

(1972)

12. A. Shmuk, A. Zamyslov, Dokl. VASKhNIL (4–5), 7

(1945) [in Russian]




14. D.K. Shapiro, S.N. Bichevaya, N.I. Mantsivodo, I.L.

Rabinovich, Z.I. Kachanovskaya, L.I. Gontaryuk, Rastit.

Resursy III(2), 188 (1967) [in Russian]

15. Dikorastushchie i introdutsiruemye poleznye rasteniyav Bashkirii vyp. 1 (AN SSSR, Bashkirskii filial, institute


16. S.A. Deren’ko, N.I. Suprunov, Khim. Prirod. Soedin. (1),

128 (1980) [in Russian]

17. S.A. Deren’ko, N.I. Suprunov, Chem. Nat. Comp. 15(3), 363

(1979)

18. L.I. Vigorov, Rastit. Resursy VIII(4), 557 (1972) [in

Russian]

19. V.I. Deineka, L.A. Deineka, Chem. Nat. Comp. 40(3), 293

(2004)

Sorbus caucasica Zinserl.


Fruit

Carotenoids


References


Sorbus domestica L. (Pyrus sorbusGaertn.)


Fruit

Carotene

Rosaceae Juss. 780 Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. (S. scandica (L.) Hedl.)

References


Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers.(S. scandica (L.) Hedl.)


Fruit

Carotene

References


Sorbus pohuashanensis Hedl.


Fruit

Carotenoids

Content, mg/g: 2.12

Composition, %: Phytofluene – tr; a-carotene – 5.5;b-carotene – 54.4; x-carotene and d-carotene –

4.7; cryptoxanthin – 21.3; 5;6:monoepoxy-a-carotene – 1.5; 5;6-monoepoxy-b-carotene –

0.8; mutatochrome – 3.2; violaxanthin – 0.2;

lutein – 0.3; zeaxanthin – 2.2

References


39(162), 785 (1975)

Sorbus sambucifolia (Cham. et Schlecht.)M. Roem.


Fruit

Carotene

References


[in Russian]

Sorbus sibirica Hedl. (S. aucuparia L. ssp.sibirica Kryl.; Pyrus aucuparia Bge.)


Fruit

Essential oil [1]

Carotene

Content, mg% on dry wt: 20.0 [2]

Seed


References






Sorbus tianschanica Rupr.


Seed

Oil

Use: Fatty oil is offered for paratyphoid treatment.

References


[in Russian]

Spiraea ulmaria L. 781 Rosaceae Juss.
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz

Branch and Leaf

Triterpenoic acids

Component: Ursolic acid [1]

Fruit

Carotenoids


References

1. L.Y. Ivanovskaya, A.A. Ryabinin, L.P. Barabanova, Zhurn.

Obshch. Khimii 33, vyp. 10, 3446 (1963) [in Russian]


Spiraea hypericifolia L. (S. ambigua Pall.;S. crenata Pall. (non L.); S. acutifoliaWilld.; S. obovata Grossh.)


Aerial Part

Essential oil

Components: Salicylic acid, salicylic aldehyde [1]

Leaf

Carotenoids

Content, mg/100 g on fresh wt: 184–201; on dry wt:

409–445 [2]

Chlorophyllic pigments

Content, mg/100 g on fresh wt: Chlorophyll a –

199–227; chlorophyll b – 66–86; on dry wt: chlo-

rophyll a – 440–505; chlorophyll b 145–190 [2]

References



2. E.N. Ketskhoveli, M.A. Saradzheva, Izv. AN Gruz. SSR, ser.

biol. 4(2), 138 (1978) [in Russian]

Spiraea salicifolia L.


Flower

Lipids (petroleum ether)

Wax

Components: Hydrocarbon C29H60, alcohol

C28H58O [1]

Root

Essential oil [2]

References

1. E. Steinegger, P. Carparis, Pharm. Acta Helv. 20, 154 (1945);

Chem. Abstr. 42, N 4578 (1948)



Spiraea ulmaria L.


Flower

Essential oilContent, % on dry wt: 0.2

Components: Salicylic acid, salicyl aldehyde,

methyl salicylate, vanillin, heliotropin

References

1. B.N. Rutowskii, Efirnye Masla (Мoskwa-Leningrad, 1931),

578 s [in Russian]

Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources || Rosa acicularis Lindl. (R....

Documents

Transcript of Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources || Rosa acicularis Lindl. (R....