Linking PEVs with Sustainability & Building Benchmarking Goals

Workplace Building-related Emissions = People needing/using power at work

Workplace Transportation-related Emissions = People showing up for work

Washington State GHG Emissions by Source in 2010 (million metric tons CO2e)

23% of total state emissions.

The Big Picture: WA’s Primary Energy Sources & Uses

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Based on: 1 million SF office tower, electricity consumption of 17.5 kWh/SF; Seattle City Light emissions of 0.1 lbs CO2/kWh; 990 employee vehicles per day; 251 work days; PSRC 2006 Activity Survey commuter data; and vehicle emissions based on US passenger fleet average of 22 MPG, 4.90 lbs CO2 per gallon for upstream gasoline production, 20% adder due to oil sands content in Washington State refined gasoline, and 19.6 lbs CO2 per gallon tailpipe emissions.

Workplace-related GHG emissions: kWh vs. Gasoline

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1.00

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Comparing annual operations and transportation emissions for a Seattle CBD office building

Emissions from bldg kWh consumptionEmissions from employ-ees round trip commut-ing in passenger vehicles

mill

ion

lbs

CO2

Which conventional passenger vehicle commuters have the greatest impact on workplace-related GHG

emissions from gasoline?

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Source: Puget Sound Regional Council 2006 Activity Survey

% Vehicles by RT commute distance

11%

29%

60%Short Dist. Commuters 12.0 miles avg

Medium Dist. Commuters 34.6 miles avg

Long Dist. Commuters 65.2 miles avg

% Total Emissions by RT commute distance

29%

41%

29%

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Round Trip Commute Distance

Make/Model (PEV type)EPA rated electric driving range

Short<22 miles

12.0 miles avg

Medium24-48 miles

34.6 miles avg

Long>50 miles

65.2 miles avg

Nissan LEAF (all-electric) 84 miles

No No Yes

Chevy Volt (PHEV)38 miles

No Maybe Yes

Ford C-Max Energi (PHEV)21 miles

No Yes Yes**

Toyota Plug-in Prius (PHEV)11 miles*

Maybe Yes** Yes**

Which PEV commuters could benefit from reliable charging at work?

* Depending on how it is driven, may use both gas & electricity.** Not sufficient range to complete trip on electricity alone.

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Significant PEV savings: Long Distance Commuter with workplace charging

3 year lease

19,306 miles per year: 66 mile roundtrip commute; 20 miles per weekend day

Based on Tom Saxton, Plug In America http://www.pluginamerica.org/drivers-seat/leasing-plug-vehicle-total-cost-ownership

VehicleStnd Prius

C-Max Energi Volt LEAF S

Monthly Lease Payment $358 $306 $269 $199 Due at signing $1,008 $951 $2,399 $1,999 Lease Term (years) 3 3 3 3 Fuel $/Month $125 $85 $60 $59 Total Monthly Cost $606 $513 $489 $406 Monthly Savings vs. Prius $0 $93 $117 $200 Total Savings vs. Prius $0 $3,351 $4,217 $7,200

• Gas Cost: $4/gallon average over period.

• Efficiency: MPG = EPA Combined City/Highway; Watts/mile = EPA rating.

• Electricity: $0.11 per kWh average over period.

• $0.15 per mile over 12,000 miles per year additional lease cost.

• Maintenance: Not included. Lower for PEV.

• Home Charging Station Costs: Not included. L2 plus installation would add ~$1,000 initial.

Energy efficiency provides benefits by reducing load, while transportation electrification provide benefits by increasing load.Increasing the use of electricity for transportation provides net benefits for both society [petroleum displacement, GHG reduction, PM reduction, NOx+ROG reduction] and utility ratepayers.