Linked (Open) Data - But what does it buy me?

Linked (Open) DataBut what does it buy me?

Rinke HoekstraVU University Amsterdam/University of Amsterdam

[email protected]

Linked (Open) Data - But what does it buy me? by Rinke HoekstraLicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ga1aSJXCFe0

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http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_the_year_open_data_went_worldwide.html

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Linked Open Data

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Linked Open Data

Texts taken from http://5stardata.info

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http://5stardata.info

http://5stardata.info

Why people go “Meh”

• Data needs to be converted to RDF

• Data needs to be published on the Web

• An open license is required even for a single ★

Pacific Barreleye, http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5(can rotate its eyes forwards or upwards to look through the transparent head to prey above)

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http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5






What if people draw incorrect conclusions from my data?


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What if journalists draw incorrect conclusions from my data?


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What if journalists draw incorrect conclusions from my data?

What if combining data results in privacy infringement?


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... but LOD is just asking for more!

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... how can I sell this internally?

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Open DataLinked

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DataLinkedSix Ingredients

The missing ★

Mix ‘n MashContextualize!

Choose your Grain Size

Lower the Threshold

Repeatable Transformation

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1The missing ★

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1The missing ★

http://give.everything/a/URI

HTTPs URIs only please!(or resolver + URN)

Version information

Version agnostic

Guessable

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Messy Datahttp://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBIdService/BWBIdList.xml.zip

NB: The problem with the XML processing instruction was reported and fixed, but returned some weeks later

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http://wetten.overheid.nl/xml.php?

http://wetten.overheid.nl/xml.php?

Example: Juriconnect

• Existing identification standard: Juriconnect

• URN-like... but no naming servercf. Document Object Identifiers

• Named elements do not carry identifier

• No explicit version information, only contextual

1.0:c:BWBR0005416&artikel=6vs

http://wetten.overheid.nl/cgi-bin/deeplink/law1/bwbid=BWBR0005416/article=6/date=2005-01-14vs

http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005416/TitelII698946/HoofdstukII/Artikel16/geldigheidsdatum_14-01-2005

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http://wetten.overheid.nl/cgi-bin/deeplink/law1/bwbid=BWBR0005416/article=6/date=2005-01-14

http://wetten.overheid.nl/cgi-bin/deeplink/law1/bwbid=BWBR0005416/article=6/date=2005-01-14



Levels of Identification

• IFLA FRBR levels

• Work

• Expression

• Manifestation

Bibliographic Entity Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

XML version of regulation

exemplifies

embodies

realizes

Version of regulation Regulation

XML version of regulation on my harddisk

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• Hierarchical information (work)

• Version and language (expression)

• Format information (manifestation)

http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/1

http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/1/nl/2010-09-01

http://doc.metalex.eu/doc/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/1/nl/2010-09-01/data.xml

http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0011823/artikel/1

Transparent = Guessable

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http://doc.metalex.eu/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/1/nr/2/2010-09-01








Versioning Issues• URIs don’t carry semantics...

• Detect changes:

• which element versions are the same

• ... and which versions are different?

Art. 44, lid 4(2011-03-26)

Art. 44, lid 4(2011-04-05)

From: Besluit prudentiële regels Wft, BWBR0020420

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Opaque Identifiers

• Content information

• Unique SHA1 Hash of text

http://doc.metalex.eu/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/34b0cee26ee5138c74aa2c62caf2c117d3c616e9

vermogen van de erflater

SWHoofdstuk I, Artikel 10

2011-01-01

dcterms:subject

SHA18738ef273ea4dbc73

owl:sameAs


2011-10-12

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Opaque Identifiers






2011-01-01

dcterms:subject


owl:sameAs


2011-10-12

owl:sameAs

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Opaque Identifiers






2011-01-01

dcterms:subject


owl:sameAs


2011-10-12

owl:sameAs

dcterms:subject

owl:sameAs

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Opaque Identifiers






2011-01-01

dcterms:subject


owl:sameAs


2011-10-12

SHA1a433f53273c78a56f2

owl:sameAs

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Network Analysis

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2Repeatable Transformation

Transformation should be part of routine ...... manageable and scalable ...

... repeatable ...http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/

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http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/


2Repeatable Transformation

Transformation should be part of routine ...... manageable and scalable ...

... repeatable ...

Linked Data will not be the official source anytime soon


Provenance is key

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LODStatshttp://stats.lod2.eu

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http://stats.lod2.eu/

http://stats.lod2.eu/

40.745.554.078 Triples!

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40.745.554.078 Triples!(1.6 Billion)

(I tried to check the latest figures, but http://stats.lod2.eu was down)

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http://stats.lod2.eu

http://stats.lod2.eu

3Choose your Grain Size

• The document is the traditional grain size(dublin core)

• Linked data allows for deep links into data

• Cost versus usefulness

• Are you the right party to provide detailed descriptions?

http://creatingandeducating.blogspot.nl/2011/11/blog-post.html

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RDF Report Card

Report Card Categories

RDF Report Card by Leigh Dodds, talk at Semtech Biz London, 2011, http://slideshare.net/ldodds

Report Card Categories

MetadataScope

StructureInternals

Low Detail High Detail

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http://slideshare.net/ldodds

http://slideshare.net/ldodds

4 Mix ‘n Mash

• Multiple vocabularies won’t bite

• Multiple identifiers won’t bite

• Choose what’s useful for you...

• ... then map to others!

Image © David Sykes 2009 All rights reserved

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4 Mix ‘n Mash

• Multiple vocabularies won’t bite

• Multiple identifiers won’t bite

• Choose what’s useful for you...

• ... then map to others!

Image © David Sykes 2009 All rights reserved

Good News: the bulk has already been done for you!

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Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities

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Example: Provenance

http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0017869/2009-10-23

http://doc.metalex.eu/id/process/BWBR0017869/2009-10-23 http://doc.metalex.eu/id/event/BWBR0017869/2009-10-23

opmv:wasGeneratedByml:resultOf

http://doc.metalex.eu/id/date/2009-10-23

opmv:wasGeneratedAt

ml:date

ml:LegislativeModification

rdf:type

opmv:Process

rdf:type

"2009-10-23"^^xsd:date

time:inXSDDateTime

time:hasEnd

time:Instant

rdf:type

ml:Date

rdf:type

opmv:Artifact

rdf:type ml:BibliographicExpression

rdf:type

sem:Event

rdf:type

sem:eventType

sem:hasTime

sem:Time

rdf:typesem:timeTypesem:hasTimeStamp

The expression (version) URI of a regulation

The process that generated the expression

The date at which the expression was created

rdf:value

The creation event of the regulation

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5• Information is not always compatible

• Make explicit in which context the information holds ...

• ... and who stated the information, why and how.

Contextualize!

Flat Earth and Square Earth idea courtesy of Szymon Klarman

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• Namespaces don’t mean anything

• Use named graphs to compartmentalize metadata

• Add provenance information about groups of statements

<http://example.com/workbook1/sheet1/corrected><http://example.com/workbook1/sheet1>

:curation20120126

provo:wasGeneratedBy

provo:Activity

:RinkeHoekstra

_:a_:b

rdf:type

provo:hadAgent

provo:endedAtprovo:startedAt

"20120126T09:00:00" "20120126T08:30:00"

time:inXSDDateTime time:inXSDDateTime

_:x

:14--15_1875--1874

d2s:dimension

"11"^^xsd:int

d2s:populationSize

"1"^^xsd:int

d2s:populationSize

:14-15

d2s:ageGroup

:1875--1874d2s:birthYears

"1889"^^xsd:intd2s:censusYear

:Assendelft

d2s:gemeente

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Compliance

Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin

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Compliance


start

State Nameentry/actiondo/activityexit/actionevent/action(arguments)

Stateaction

end

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Compliance


start


Stateaction

end

Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin

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Compliancestart


Stateaction

end

Regulation A(01-01-2011)

Art 12(04-02-2011)

Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin(11-06-2008)

Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin(01-07-2011)

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Contextual Annotation


Successiewetvermogen van de erflater

SW Hoofdstuk Ivermogen van de erflater

SW Artikel 10vermogen van de erflater

SW Art. 10, zin 1vermogen van de erflater

Successiewet


SWHoofdstuk I


Zin 1

dcterms:subject

dcterms:subject

dcterms:subject

dcterms:subject

No nice background because Google Image search only returned boring images

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6Lower the Threshold

• Integrate Linked Data production into everyday tools

• Allow tools to do the work for you

• Use a built-in reward model

Image courtesy of http://themaisonette.net

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http://themaisonette.net/


6Lower the Threshold

• Integrate Linked Data production into everyday tools

• Allow tools to do the work for you

• Use a built-in reward model

Image courtesy of http://themaisonette.net

Linked Data allows you to trace usage!

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Wrap Legacy Systems

http://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/

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Idea: use reward mechanisms of Web 2.0

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• Lightweight Web Application

• Interface to API of existing data repositories

• Enrich metadata by linking to Linked Data resources

• Provide annotation services for data files

• Plugin based architecture

• Publish RDF metadata as new data publicationhttp://linkitup.data2semantics.org

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http://linkitup.data2semantics.org

http://linkitup.data2semantics.org

recoprovReconstruct provenance using

Dropbox file edit history

0

1

8

9

12

13

16 22

2

4

7

11

17

19

3

5

6

14

23

10 15

18

21

20

24

Sara Magliacane and Paul Grothmaandag 11 maart 13

plsheetHow are results calculated (1)? Automatic analyis of workflow in spreadsheets

Analyse dependencies between cells in complex spreadsheets

Martine de Vos, Jan Wielemaker and Willem van Hagemaandag 11 maart 13

plsheet

Reconstruct and explain the workflow of computations

Martine de Vos, Jan Wielemaker and Willem van Hagemaandag 11 maart 13

Albert Merono-Penuela, Rinke Hoekstra, Laurens Rietveld, Christophe Gueret

TabLinker

http://www.cedar-project.nl

Semi-automatic RDF converter for eccentric spreadsheets

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http://www.cedar-project.eu

http://www.cedar-project.eu

DataLinkedSix Ingredients

The missing ★



Lower the Threshold


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Open DataLinkedThe missing ★



Lower the Threshold


... be sure to use it internally too!

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Linked (Open) Data - But what does it buy me?

Technology

Transcript of Linked (Open) Data - But what does it buy me?