Linked Open Data - A Means for Public Sector Information Management
-
Upload
johann-hoechtl -
Category
Education
-
view
969 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Linked Open Data - A Means for Public Sector Information Management
Linked Open DataA Means for Public SectorInformation Management
Johann Höchtl, Danube University Kremshttp://www.donau-uni.ac.atPeter Reichstädter, Austrian Chancelleryhttp://www.bka.gv.at
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Agenda
Role of Open Data as an Integral Part of Public Sector Information Management
Components of an Open Data Infrastructure
State of Affairs of OGD in Austria
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Transparency Participation Collaboration
““My Administration is committed to creating anMy Administration is committed to creating anUnprecedented level of openness in Government.“Unprecedented level of openness in Government.“
Barack Obama, “Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies - Barack Obama, “Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies - Transparency and Open Government,” Jan. 2009.Transparency and Open Government,” Jan. 2009.
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
“Take the example of public sector information – possibly a €30 billion market in Europe. I have said it before, and I say it again: yes to open data!”
Neelie KroesNeelie KroesVice-President of the European CommissionVice-President of the European Commissionresponsible for the Digital Agendaresponsible for the Digital Agenda
““Lift-Off towards Open Government" conference, Brussels, 15 December 2010Lift-Off towards Open Government" conference, Brussels, 15 December 2010http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/10/752http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/10/752
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Open Government Data
Open Government Data are data sets released by the government on public interest. Usage is unconstrained with the right to re-share and re-purpose
without further notice.
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Open Data Principles Complete Primary Timely Easily Accessible Machine Processable Non-Discriminating Using Open Standards Liberal Licensing Reliable Free of Charge OR Non-Discriminating fees
Source: Sunlight Foundation http://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/documents/ten-open-data-principles/
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Information Management Generation, acquisition, collection and
management of information [1] Planning, organisation and supply of the
necessary organisational infrastructure to accomplish these goals in the most effective and efficient manner [1]
Information is a critical resource, availability and generation rate treated as a KPI [2]
[1] Stahlknecht & Hasenkamp: Einführung in die Wirtschaftsinformatik. 11Th Edt. Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 2005[2] Mertens, Wieczorrek (in Reference to Krcmar), Management Von IT-Projekten: Von Der Planung Zur Realisierung. Springer, 2006.
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Literature Research
[1] J. White, Managing information in the public sector, Armonk N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2007.[2] C.M. Shea and G.D. Garson, Handbook of public information systems, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.[3] B. Rocheleau, Public management information systems, Hershey PA: Idea Group Pub., 2006.
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Peculiarities of Public Sector Information Management
Functional discrepancies● Private: maximizing shareholder value● Public: political influence; supply of goods without a
market Conflicting targets, perceptions and interests in
public & private sector information management [1]● Risk, Authority, Accountability, Representativeness,
Stakeholders Information management performance measure
models complex due to conflicting targets
[1] B. Bozeman, Public values and public interest: counterbalancing economic individualism. Georgetown University Press, 2007.
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Peculiarities of Public Sector Information Management
States are special: From Weber's bureaucratic model [1], Porter's economic rooting [2] to Friedmans “Do we need a government?” [3]● Monopolist; executive and legal power; ● “The benevolent state”: Taking care for social equilibrium
A state (and it's administrative bodies) are not mere productive entities (Witness discrepancy to NPM?)
Conclusion: Information out-flow must be treated as a core element of public sector information management
[1] M. Weber, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Grundriß der verstehenden Soziologie. Mohr Siebeck, 1980.[2] M. E. Porter, The competitive advantage of nations: with a new introduction. Free Press, 1990.[3] D. D. Friedman, “Do We Need a Government?,” 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/mps_iceland_talk/Iceland%20MP%20talk.htm. [Accessed: 01-Jul-2011].
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Role of Open Data as an Integral Part of Public Sector Information Management
Components of an Open Data Infrastructure
State of Affairs of OGD in Austria
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Architecture Model
Five level saturation model by Tim Berners-Lee presented at Gov2.0 Expo 2010@WDC
★ Available on the web (whatever format), but with an open licence★★ Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel instead
of image scan of a table)★★★ as (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel)★★★★ All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C (RDF and SPARQL)
to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff★★★★★ All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data
to provide context
The 5 stars of open linked data http://inkdroid.org/journal/2010/06/04/the-5-stars-of-open-linked-data/Linked Open Data star scheme by example http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/star-scheme-by-example/
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Everything gets an URI Data is encoded in RDF URIs are kept persistent by policies and PURLs Ontologies describe NON-Information Resources
● Data entities are self-described by these government ontologies
RESTFul APIs for data access Data gets federated to meta data register Data searchable à la swoogle
Prerequisites
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
URIs for everything
Naming scheme respects federal principle of subsidiarity and autonomy
● Mostly UK:http://{sector}.data.gov.uk/{concept}/<ID>http://education.data.gov.uk/school/4711/
vs.● Tentatively Austria:
http://data.{federallevel}.gv.at/{sector}/{concept}/<ID>http://data.bmf.gv.at/education/school/4711/
Spot a difference?
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Trust by Reliability
Internet Addresses come and go URIs shall be reliable by organizational
consensus. UK: 10 years [1], Austria: 5 years
Fancy URIs remain invariant by means of permanent Urls (PURL) [2]
PURLs interpretation of HTTP-Header response values harmonize with Semantic Web Interpretation
[1][1] [1] Chief Technology Officer Council, “Designing URI Sets for the UK Public Sector.” Chief Technology Officer Council, Oct-2009.[2] http://purl.oclc.org/docs/index.html
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Functional requirements Data provider
● Data upload● Metadata handling● Search & browse facility● Managing restrictions concerning dowload limits / API access
Metadata provider● Powerful search service● Discovery service● Harmonized ontology of resources● Generation of new information
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Data provider – metadata provider
Search
DBMetadata
DB DB
SearchSearch
ContentContent ## ##
# Interest to get content into metadata-DB
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Data provider
Internal View
Internal Database
External View
OpenDataStore
data.gv.atapi.data.gv.atdata.gv.at/admin
data.gv.at/rss
RDF-Browser Javascript Libraries
Web Interface
DB2
DB1
data.<organisation>gv.at/katalog
RESTFul JSON-Interface
Filtering stage
SPA
RQ
L
Publish/Subscribebroadcast
Search Service
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Metadata provider
RDF-Browser
Javascript Libraries
Web Interface
data.<organisation>gv.at/katalog
RESTFul JSON-Interface
SPA
RQ
L
OntologyDatabase
Discovery Service
Publish/SubscribeEndpoint
get announcement
retrieve metadataOntology Modelling
Tool
Search Service
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Ontologies for Non-Information Resources (NIR)
Ontologies about NIRs classify Open Linked Data about Information Resources (IR)
Enable computer systems to reason about reality
Automated service discovery Optimal resource allocation for
processes
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Role of Open Data as an Integral Part of Public Sector Information Management
Components of an Open Data Infrastructure
State of Affairs of OGD in Austria
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Austria is no more a white spot oin the map!
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Status Quo Austria
OGD prepared by competence center for internet society (“KIG”) and approved by Counsel of Ministers on February 25 2011
Part of government programme of red/green coalition Vienna 1 Official Site
● http://data.wien.gv.at/
2 Initiatives of “Civil Society”● http://gov.opendata.at● http://www.open3.at
3 “Scraping sites”● http://offenedaten.at/● http://www.open3.at● http://at.ckan.net/
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Status Quo Austria ctd. There is no single politician or political party pushing the “movement”
First: pushed by “civil society”● Technology Center Vienna (ZIT) funded project OGD Austria● Individuals & enthusiasts● Public administration service providers & suppliers
Later: Endorsed by (parts of) public administration● Vienna, Linz, Salzburg?, Graz?● Municipal (city) level!
Organisational setting: Cooperation OGD Austria, members of administration (municipalities, provinces & federal level), academia, economy & specific topic members (eg. INSPIRE)
Target: Jointly agreed conventions on Metadata, Naming & Design Rules (URIs) & best practices on how to publish Open Government Data on all federal levels
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Status Quo AustriaTentative Principles 10 sunlight-principles with more attention to data protection and data
persistence
License: CC-BY 3.0 AT● With PPDL under consideration for cases not applicable to CC-BY eg. Law
Use CKAN for Metadata-Repository● Use CKAN for Data Repository?
Naming schemas:● data.<body>.gv.at/katalog/<sector>● data.<body>.gv.at/nutzungsbedingungen gives License● data.<body>.gv.at/formate – Which data formats are supported and their
meaning
Metadata is required subset of Dublic Core with some attributes extended from INSPIRE ● Strong connex to INSPIRE
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
In the Future ... Semantically parseable thesaurus of administrative
domains seen from a user perspective (“Lebenslagen”) Open Data Apps challenge Meta-data portal Austria
● Harvesting all officially available OGD under a coherent, accessible and intuitively navigable UI
Publish to European Data Portal Harmonized ontology of Public Administration services
● With links to external knowledge resources like DBPedia, etc. for international comparability
Incorporate elements of OGD infrastructure into national government data exchange framework
DEXAAugust 29 - September 2, 2011
Toulouse
http://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/department/gpa/telematik/index.phphttp://digitalgovernment.wordpress.com/
Thank you!
Questions
? Johann Höchtl, Danube University Kremshttp://[email protected]
Peter Reichstädter, Austrian Chancelleryhttp://[email protected]