Linked data tutorial 20111102

Linked Data TutorialOpen Government Knowledge: AI Opportunities and Challenges (OGK2011)

AAAI Fall Symposium

David Wood3 Round Stones Inc.

November 2011

What isLinkedData?

1970s 1980s 1990s

$ cat foo.txt | grep blah | sort

A neat little package Client-Server The Early Web

Silos

Email Databases Proprietarycontainers

Silos

Web

Universal Client

Universal Connection

Universal File System

Ubiquitous,reusable applications

URL Curation

The Web of Documents• A global network of linked documents

• A place where anyone can say anything about anything

• A vast collection of human-readable knowledge (and opinion)

• Documents are linked, but links are not qualified

Data Inflation

Megabyte (MB) = 220

Gigabyte (GB) = 230

Terabyte (TB) = 240 1,000GB

Petabyte (PB) = 250 1,000TB

Exabyte (EB) = 260 or 1,000PB

Zettabyte (ZB) = 270 or 1,000EB

Yottabyte (YB) = 280 or1,000ZB

Web

Universal Client

Universal Connection

Universal Database

Logic and interlinking

Ubiquitous,reusable applications

URL Curation

of Data

The Web of Data• A global network of linked statements

• A place where anyone can say anything about anything

• A vast collection of machine-readable knowledge (and opinion)

• Statements are linked, and links are qualified

We’ve Seen This Before

RDF:A data format for

the Web

RDF is ...• Resource Description Framework

http://www.w3.org/RDF/

• A simple, powerful, data model

• Used to define relationships between things

• Designed to work with the architecture of the web

• The data model for the Web of Data



Allow anyoneto say anythingabout anything

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?

id=1969-059A

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1969-059A







id=1969-059A

NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Detailstitle








id=1969-059A


23 November 2009published








id=1969-059A



15702size








id=1969-059A



Apollo 11 Command and Service Module

15702size












id=1969-059A




about

15702size












id=1969-059A




about

Web Pagea

15702size














id=1969-059A




about

Web Pagea Spacecrafta

15702size
















id=1969-059A




about


Apollo 11 Command and Service Modulename

15702size
















id=1969-059A




about



16 July 1969launched

15702size
















id=1969-059A




about




15702size

28801.0mass















Spacecraft Name Mass Launched Launch Site

1969-018A Apollo 9 26801.0 1969-03-03 1

1969-030A Mariner 7 411.8 1969-03-27 1

1969-043A Apollo 10 28834.0 1969-05-18 1

1969-059A Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (CSM) 28801.0 1969-07-16 1

1969-059C Apollo 11 Lunar Module / EASEP 15065.0 1969-07-16 1


1970-029C Apollo 13 Lunar Module/ALSEP 15196.0 1970-04-11 1



id=1969-059A




about




15702size

28801.0mass
















1969-018A Apollo 9 26801.0 1969-03-03 1

1969-030A Mariner 7 411.8 1969-03-27 1

1969-043A Apollo 10 28834.0 1969-05-18 1







1969-018A Apollo 9 26801.0 1969-03-03 1

1969-030A Mariner 7 411.8 1969-03-27 1

1969-043A Apollo 10 28834.0 1969-05-18 1






ID Name

1 Cape Canaveral, United States

2 Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), U.S.S.R

3 Xichang Space Launch Center

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-10/15/content_272334.htm

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-10/15/content_272334.htm


id=1969-059A




about




15702size

28801.0mass
















Spacecrafta



28801.0mass








Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral

Cape Canaveral, United States name

launchsite










Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral


launchsite

Resource










Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral


launchsite

Resource

Literal










Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral


launchsite

Resource

LiteralPredicate









Resources...• Represent things on the web, like web

pages — Information Resources

• Represent things not on the web, like people and places — Non-Information Resources

• Can represent anything at all

• Named using URIs (usually)

• May not have a name — Blank Nodes

Literal Values...• Are values to work with and show

users

• Can be just a string of text — Plain Literals

• Can have a language assigned to the them using ISO codes

• Can have a specific datatype assigned to them — Typed Literals

Predicates are...• Relationships between Resources

• Named using URIs

• Described in Schema(or vocabularies, or ontologies)

Apollo 11 Command and Service Module Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral,

United States namelaunchsite

Statement or Triple









Statement or Triple



Subject Predicate Object

Statement or Triple




Statement or Triple

Statement or Triple


Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral


launchsite










Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral


launchsite

LiteralPredicate

Resource










Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral


launchsite










Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral


launchsitehttp://.../1969-059A

http://.../Spacecraft

http://.../cape+cana...














Spacecrafta



28801.0mass

Cape Canaveral





N 28° 27' 31''latitude

W 80° 31' 59''longitude


















Simple Rules for Merging• URIs name the resources we are

describing

• Two people using the same URI are describing the same thing

• The same URI in two datasets becomes one URI with all of the properties from both datasets

• RDF data can use URIs from many different websites

Simple Rules for Merging• Graphs from several different sources

can be merged

• Resources with the same URI are considered identical

• No limitations on which graphs can be merged

Linked Data can be merged with

other Linked Data

No silos

RDF...• is a Graph data model

XML is a tree data modelRDBMS is a table data model

• can be easily distributed

• is easily mergeable

• can say anything about anything

• is not newthe spec is from 1999the idea, EAV, stems back to the late 1960s

The Future ofLinked Data

YouTube HDTV

watch videos watch Better videos

Publish videos

Share videos

Rate videos

Discuss videos

Linked Data RDBMS

Use data Use data

Publish data

Share data

Rate data

Discuss data

Linked Data warehouses Linked Data supply chains Linked Data analytics

Coming Soon

http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/http://3roundstones.com/linking-enterprise-data/

Further Reading

http://www.linkeddatadeveloper.com/http://3roundstones.com/linking-government-data/

http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/

http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/

http://3roundstones.com/linking-enterprise-data/


http://www.linkeddatadeveloper.com

http://www.linkeddatadeveloper.com



Callimachuscallimachusproject.org

CreditsBatman Treaty Signing

(public domain)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Batman_signs_treaty_artist_impression.jpg)

Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara

(public domain)

http://proton.ucting.udg.mx/galeria/3D/WEB.jpg

Spreadsheet PhotoCasey Serin

(CC-BY licensed)http://www.flickr.com/photos/sercasey/351617208/sizes/l/in/photostream/

LOD Cloud DiagramsRichard Cyganiak, Anja Jentzsch, (CC-BY-SA)

http://lod-cloud.net/

Earth weather analysis imageNASA Goddard SFC

CC-BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/4662884851/

Darkon Movie Poster, BBC screenshots, CAMC credit card image and book covers © their respective ownersand used under Fair Use for educational purposes

Darkon Movie Poster, BBC screenshots, CAMC credit card image and book covers © their respective ownersand used under Fair Use for educational purposes

All other photos and drawings © 2010-11 David Wood, released under a CC-BY-SA licenseAll other photos and drawings © 2010-11 David Wood, released under a CC-BY-SA license

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ccgd/276642318/






http://www.flickr.com/photos/sercasey/351617208/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/sercasey/351617208/sizes/l/in/photostream/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/species/Mallard

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/species/Mallard

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/4662884851/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/4662884851/

CreditsHead with 3D Glasses

Mark Chapman(CC-BY licensed)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/markchapmanphoto/5139429152/

Chasm PhotoTravis S.

(CC-BY-NC licensed)http://www.flickr.com/photos/baggis/3860802929/

Supply Chain ImageKevin Krejci

(CC-BY licensed)http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinkrejci/6141829763/

Sharing Squirrels Imageleezie5

CC-BY-NC-ND licensed)http://www.flickr.com/photos/leeziet/5912219625/



http://www.flickr.com/photos/baggis/3860802929/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/baggis/3860802929/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinkrejci/6141829763/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinkrejci/6141829763/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/leeziet/5912219625/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/leeziet/5912219625/

Thanks to

• Rob Styles, Talis Group Ltd for his CC-BY licensed “Two Day Introduction to the Web of Data” slides and spacecraft example data.

This work is Copyright © 2011 3 Round Stones Inc.It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported LicenseFull details at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

You are free:

to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work

to Remix — to adapt the work

Under the following conditions:Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).

Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

Linked data tutorial 20111102

Technology

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