FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Grade- IX Module- 02

SUBJECT-ENGLISH

BOOK - BEEHIVE

CHAPTER NAME- THE ROAD NOT TAKEN ( POETRY )

Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gxsfjl0x0aM

Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xM7nAueCbAc

“The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost

Robert Lee Frost (26 March 1874-29 January 1963) was an American poet born in San Francisco but he spent most of his adult life in rural New England. His work frequently employed themes from the early 1900s rural life in New England, U.S.A. Quite naturally, therefore, his poetry is identified with this region. Frost employed traditional patterns, or as he said, he chose “the old-fashioned way to be new”. He is best known for his shorter lyrics. He admired the qualities of honesty, simplicity, love and hard work. At the centre of most of his poems lies an antithesis (contrast) between fact and fancy, reality and imagination, pleasure and purpose, nature and civilization, country and city. Instead of imposing arbitrary resolutions, he gives a fair chance to each side for reconciliation. He examines complex social and philosophical themes. Frost was honoured frequently during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer prizes for poetry. His style is unique because he usually employs a kind of moral lesson after describing a scene or an incident. Despite his later association with rural life, Frost grew up in the city and published his first poem in his high school magazine. He attended Dartmouth and Harvard but never earned a degree, and as a young man with a growing family, he attempted to write poetry while working on a farm or teaching in a school. Frost moved his family to England in 1912 and the following year, a London publisher brought out his first book. After publishing the second book, Frost returned to America, determined to win a reputation in his own country. He became one of the country’s best-loved poets after a lot of struggle. Despite the surface cheerfulness and descriptive accuracy of his poems, he often presents a dark, sober vision of life, and there is a decidedly thoughtful quality to his work. Some of the best known famous poems of this four-time Pulitzer Award winner poet are ‘Mending Wall’, ‘Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening’, ‘The Onset’, ‘Provide Provide’, ‘Neither Far Nor in Deep’, ‘Death of the Hired Man’ and of course “The Road Not Taken”.

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content, text us on the given e-mail-

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Introduction to the Poem

In the poem - ‘The Road Not Taken’, the road symbolizes our life. The poet says that the path that we don’t choose in our life is ‘the road not taken’. He describes his feelings about that choice that he had left in the past. The path which we have chosen, decides our future, our destination. The important message that the poet wants to give is that the choice that we make has an impact on our future and if we make a wrong choice, we regret it but cannot go back on it. So, we must be wise while making choices.

Poem and Explanation

Stanza 1

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveller, long I stood

And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

diverged: separated and took a different direction

yellow wood: a forest with decomposing leaves

undergrowth: dense growth of plants and bushes means the forest)

Explanation : Once the poet was walking down a road and then there was a diversion,

there were two different paths and he had to choose one out them. The poet says that as

he was one person, he could travel on one road only. He had to choose one out of these two

roads Yellow wood means a forest with leaves which are wearing out and they have

turned yellow in colour – the season of autumn. It represents a world which is full of

people, where people have been living for many years. They represent people who are

older than the poet. The poet kept standing there and looked at the path very carefully as

far as he could see it. Before taking the path, he wanted to know how it was. Was it

suitable for him or no. He was able to see the path till from where it curved after which it

was covered with trees and was hidden. It happens in our life also when we have choices,

we have alternatives, but we have to choose only one out of them, we take time to think

about the pros and cons, whether it is suitable for us or not and only then, we take a

decision on what path we should choose.

Stanza 2

Then took the other, just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same. fair: As good as the other one,

claim: Better option

grassy: unused

wanted wear: had not been used Explanation : The poet kept on looking at one path for a long time to check if it is the right path for him or not and them he decided and started walking on another path because he felt that the both paths were equally good. He says just as fair, so, he felt that both paths were equally good and started walking on one of them. He adds that maybe he felt that the path was better for him so he chooses it as it had grass on it which means that it was unused. Not many people had walked on this path earlier that is why this path was grassy. ‘And wanted wear’ means that it was not walked over by many people. After he walked on the path for some distance, he realized that both the paths had been worm out the same way. Both the paths were similar and worn out. Even in our life, we take any path or option but all of them have the same benefits, disadvantages, problems, challenges and we must face them. We think that we are choosing a better option, but it is not that way. Stanza 3

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

trodden means walked over.

Explanation :The poet says that both the paths were similar that morning. Both had leaves on them and no one had stepped on them as they were still green in colour. He decided that that day he would take one path and keep the other path for another day, although he knew that one way leads on to another way. He knew that he could not go back on the choice that he had made. Similarly, even in our life once we choose an option, we must keep on moving ahead with that option and we never get a chance to come back and take the other option that we had left earlier. Stanza 4

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence; Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —

I took the one less travelled by, And that has made all the difference. sigh: deep breath

hence: here, in the future

Explanation :He says that in the future, he will take a deep breath and say that once upon a time, he had reached such a point in life that there were two options for him and he travelled on that road which had been travelled upon by lesser number of people. That decision of his decided his future. Similarly, in future, when you grow up, then you

will say that once upon a time, when you were young, you had two options. The choice that you made, made you what you became of it. This is a very strong message for all the students - that you should be wise and be careful while making choices out of the options that you have in your life because your future depends on the choice that you make today.

Literary Devices used in the Poem:

1.Rhyme Scheme: abaab

2.Symbolism: two roads which represents two or more choices in our life

3.Anaphora: ‘and’ repeated at the beginning of lines 2, 3 and 4

4.Alliteration: Wanted Wear ‘w’ sound is repeating

‘first for’ – ‘f’ sound is repeating

‘though, that’- ‘th’ sound is repeating

5.Repetition: ‘Ages’ is repeated. ‘Two roads diverged in a wood’- this sentence is repeated in stanzas 1 and 4.

Summarization :

The poet says that once, he was walking down the road and reached a fork. He could walk over one of the paths only. He took time to choose the right path. He inspected them to decide which was a better option and then chose the one which seemed less walked over. He kept the other one for some other day although he knew that he would never get the chance to walk over it. He would go further on the chosen path and not get a chance to go back on it. As he walked on the chosen path, he realized that both the paths were similar. He felt that his future depended on the choice that he made.

Question and Answers : Short Answer Questions:

1. Where does the traveller find himself? What problem does he face?

2. Discuss what these phrases mean to you. (i) a yellow wood

(ii) it was grassy and wanted wear

(iii) the passing there

(iv) leaves no step had trodden black

(v) how way leads on to way

3. Discuss the significance of the title ‘The Road Not Taken’.

4. Describe the two roads that the author finds. Which road does he choose ?

5. What was the poet’s dilemma in the poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ ?

6. Why did the poet keep the first road for another day ?

7. “I took the one less travelled by.” What do we come to know about the poet from this line ?

Extract :

Question 1: Two roads diverged in yellow wood. And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveller, long I stood And locked down once as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

1. At which point had the poet reached ? 2. Why was the traveller feeling sorry ? 3. Give the opposite to ‘met at a point’ from the passage ?

Question 2:

And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden back Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted it if I should ever come back

1. Which road does the poet choose ? 2. Why was the poet doubtful about the first road ? 3. Find a word from the extract that means ‘crushed’.

Question 3: Then took the other, just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same.

1. Why did the poet take the other road ? 2. What did the poet discover while travelling on the other road ? 3. What do the given lines suggest about the speaker ?

( Thank you )

***************

FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Grade- 9 Module-1/2

Link-https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.Extramarks.Smartstudy

http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?ihks1=0-17

Please find herewith the web links of the chapters along with the written assignment we wish you

to cover up by the end of this break. The entire assignment will form a part of your subject

enrichment assessment and needs to be done in home-work copy. This assignment will be a part

of subject enrichment. In case of any clarification please feel free to get in touch with your subject

teachers, once the school reopens or else mail it to principal@firayalalpublicschool.com

TUTORIALS:

हहन्दी साहहत्य –क्षऺतिज भाग 1

ऩाठ 1 दो बैऱों की कथा ऱेखक –प्रेमचदं

दो बैऱों की कथा के माध्यम से प्रेमचदं ने कृषक समाज और ऩशुओं के भावात्मक संबंध का वर्णन ककया है। इसकहानी में इन्होंने यह भी बिाया है कक स्विंत्रिासहज में नहीं ममऱिी, उसके मऱए बार- बार संघषण करना ऩड़िा है। इस प्रकार ऩरोऺ रूऩ से यह कहानी आजादी के आंदोऱन की भावना से जुड़ी है। इसके साथ ही इस कहानी में प्रेमचदं ने ऩंचिंत्र और हहिोऩदेश की कथा- ऩरंऩरा का उऩयोग और ववकास ककया है । दो बैऱों की कथा –यह सऩंूर्ण ऩाठ एक्सट्रा माक्सण एऩ ऩर उऩऱब्ध है। आऩ उसे ऩढ़ने के बाद प्रश्नोत्तर करने का प्रयास करें ।जजनके ऩास ऩाठ्य ऩुस्िक क्षऺतिज उऩऱब्ध है,वे भी उसे ककिाब से भी ऩढ़ कर उत्तर मऱखने सकिे हैं । यहद आऩ को कोई कहठनाई होिी है िो हम उसे कऺा में समझा देंगे ।

प्रश्न –अभ्यास

1. कांजी हाउस में कैद ऩशुओं की हाजजरी क्यों ऱी जािी होगी ?

2. छोटी बच्ची को बैऱों के प्रति प्रेम क्यों उमड़ आया ?

3. कहानी में बैऱौ के माध्यम से कौन-कौन से नीति-ववषयक मूल्य उभरकर आिे हैं ?

4. प्रस्िुि कहानी में प्रेमचदं ने गधे की ककन स्वभावगि ववशषेिाओं के आधार ऩर उसके प्रति रूढ़ अथण “मूखण” का प्रयोग न कर ककस नये अथण की ओर संकेि ककया है ?

5. ककन घटनाओं से ऩिा चऱिा है कक हीरा और मोिी में गहरी दोस्िी थी ?

6. 'ऱेककन औरि जाि ऩर सींग चऱाना मना है, यह भूऱ जािे हो।'—हीरा के इस कथन के माध्यम से स्त्री के प्रति प्रेमचंद के दृजटटकोर् को स्ऩटट कीजजए।

7.ककसान जीवन वाऱे समाज में ऩशुऔर मनुटय के आऩसी संबंधों को कहानी में ककस िरह व्यक्ि ककया गया है ?

8.' इिना िो हो ही गया ककनौ दस प्राणर्यों की जान बच गई।वे सब िो आशीवाणद देंगे' मोिी के इस कथन के आऱोक में उसकी ववशषेिाएं बिाइए । 9.आशय स्ऩटट कीजजए –

( क) अवश्य ही उनमें कोई ऐसी गुप्ि शजक्ि थी, जजससे जीवों में शे्रटठिा का दावा करने वाऱा मनुटय वंचचि हैं । (ख) उस एक रोटी से उनकी भूख िो क्या शांि होिी; ऩर दोनों के हृदय को मानो भोजन ममऱ गया।

10. क्या आऩको ऱगिा है कक यह कहानी आजादी की ऱड़ाई की ओर भी संकेि करिी है ?

FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Grade- IX Module-2/3

SUBJECT- MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER NAME- NUMBER SYSTEM

TOPIC:i) REAL NUMBERS AND THEIR DECIMAL EXPANSIONS ii) REPRESENTING REAL NUMBERS ON THE NUMBER LINEBYSUCCESSIVE

MAGNIFICATION

iii) REPRESENTING √ ON REAL NUMBER LINE GEOMETRICALLY. LINK-https://www.extramarks.com

http://ncert.nic.in/ebooks.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaGI65W09HM&t=5s

Please find herewith the web links of the chapters along with the written assignment we wish you

to cover up by the end of this break. The entire assignment will form a part of your subject

enrichment assessment and needs to be done in home-work copy. This assignment will be a part

of subject enrichment. In case of any clarification please feel free to get in touch with your subject

teachers, once the school reopens or else mail it to principal@firayalalpublicschool.com

TUTORIALS: -

REAL NUMBERS

All numbers including both rational and irrational numbers are called Real Numbers.

Example: R = – 2, – (2/3), 0, 3 and √2

REAL NUMBERS AND THEIR DECIMAL EXPANSIONS

1) Rational numbers

If the rational number is in the form of a/b then by dividing a by b we can get two

situations.

a) If the remainder become zero.

While dividing if we get zero as the remainder after some steps then the

decimal expansion of such number is called terminating.

Example: i)

b) If the remainder does not become zero

While dividing if the decimal expansion continues and not becomes zero then it

is called non-terminating or repeating expansion.

Example:

Hence, the decimal expansion of rational numbers could be terminating or non-

terminating recurring and vice-versa.

2) IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

If we do the decimal expansion of an irrational number then it would be non –

terminating non-recurring and vice-versa. i. e. the remainder does not become zero

and also not repeated.

Example: π = 3.141592653589793238……

REPRESENTING REAL NUMBERS ON THE NUMBER LINE BY SUCCESSIVE

MAGNIFICATION

To represent the real numbers on the number line we use the process of successive

magnification in which we visualize the numbers through a magnifying glass on the

number line.

Example: Mark 4. ̅̅̅̅

Solution:steps of solution:

Step 1: The number lies between 4 and 5, so we divide it into 10 equal parts. Now for the first

decimal place, we will mark the number between 4.2 and 4.3.

Step 2: Now we will divide it into 10 equal parts again. The second decimal place will be

between 4.26 and 4.27.

Step 3: Now we will again divide it into 10 equal parts. The third decimal place will be

between 4.262 and 4.263.

Step 4: By doing the same process again we will mark the point at 4.2626.

Example: Mark 3.765

Solution:steps of solution:

Step 1: The number lies between 3 and 4, so we divide it into 10 equal parts. Now for the first

decimal place, we will mark the number between 3.7 and 3.8.

Step 2: Now we will divide it into 10 equal parts again. The second decimal place will be

between 3.76 and 3.77.

Step 3: Now we will again divide it into 10 equal parts. By doing the same process again we

will mark the point at 3.765.

REPRESENTING √ ON REAL NUMBER LINE GEOMETRICALLY.

Working rule to find √ geometrically

1. First of all, mark the distance x unit from point A on the line so that AB = x unit.

2. From B mark a point C with the distance of 1 unit, so that BC = 1 unit.

3. Take the midpoint of AC and mark it as O. Then take OC as the radius and draw a

semicircle.

4. From the point B draw a perpendicular BD which intersects the semicircle at point D.

The length of BD = √x.

To mark the position of √x on the number line, we will take AC as the number line, with B as

zero. So, C is point 1 on the number line.

Now we will take B as the centre and BD as the radius, and draw the arc on the number line

at point E.Now E is √x on the number line

Example: Represent √ on the real line graphically.

Solution: steps of construction:

i) Draw a line segment AB = 9.3 units and extend it to C such that BC= 1 unit.

ii) Find the midpoint O of AC. With O as centre and OA as radius, draw a

semicircle.

iii)Draw BD AC, intersecting the semicircle at D. Then BD=√ units.

iv) With B as centre and BD as radius, draw an arc meeting Ac produced at E.

Then, BE=BD= √ units.

Example: Represent √ on the real line graphically.

Solution: steps of construction:

i) Draw a line segment AC = 5.41 units and extend it to B such that CB= 1 unit.

ii) Find the midpoint O of AB. With O as centre and OA as radius, draw a

semicircle.

iii)Draw CD AB, intersecting the semicircle at D. Then CD=√ units.

iv) With C as centre and CD as radius, draw an arc meeting AB produced at E.

Then, CE=CD= √ units.

HOME ASSIGNMENT:

1) Locate √3 on the number line.

2) Find the decimal expansions of 10/3, 7/8 and 1/7.

3) Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example of

the square root of a number that is a rational number.

4) Represent √ on the real line graphically

5) Visualize 6.3232 on the number line, using successive magnification

6) Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5/7 and

9/11.

7) Represent √ (9.3) on the number line.

8) Visualize5.765 on the number line, using successive magnification

9) Represent √ on the real line graphically

LEARNING OUTCOME: -

After studying this topic, students will be able to:

Understand the real number and their decimal expansion.

Find the decimal expansion of real numbers.

Represent the real number on number line by successive magnification

Represent the square root of real number by using semicircle.

FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Module -2/4

Grade-. IX

Subject :- Physics

Chapter no./name – 8. Motion

Topic –uniform non uniform motion and physical quantities ( speed , velocity acceleration)

Link-https://www.extramarks.com

https://ncert.nic.in

https://www.khanacademy.org/

Please find herewith the web links of the chapters along with the written assignment we wish you

to cover up by the end of this break. The entire assignment will form a part of your subject

enrichment assessment and needs to be done in home-work copy. This assignment will be a part

of subject enrichment. In case of any clarification please feel free to get in touch with your subject

teachers, once the school reopens or else mail it to principal@firayalalpublicschool.com

TUTORIALS:

UNIFORM MOTION AND NON-UNIFORM MOTION

The distances covered by car A and car B with respect to time is given below.

CarA

Time in Seconds 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Distance covered in meters 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

CarB

Time in Seconds 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Distance covered in meters 0 10 15 20 30 60 65 75

ThecarAtravelsequaldistances inequalintervalsoftimewhereasthecarBdoesnotcoverequal distances in equal

intervals of time. That is, motion of car A is an example of uniform motion whereas that of car B is that of

non-uniformmotion.

When a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time then the body is said to describe

uniform motion.

When a body moves unequal distances in equal intervals of time or vice-versa, then the body is said

to describe non-uniform motion.

SPEED

RamandKrishnarunindifferentracescoveringdifferentdistances.Ramtakes20minutestocover 1000 m and

Krishna takes 10 minutes to cover 700 m. Who isfaster?

To find out who is faster we shall calculate the distance covered by them in one minute.

Krishna covered more distance in unit time. We conclude that Krishna is faster.

Speed can be defined as the distance covered by a moving object in unit time

Where S is the distance covered and t is the time taken. SI unit of speed is m/s or m s-1. Speed is a scalar quantity

AVERAGE SPEED AND INSTANTANEOUS SPEED

When we travel in a vehicle the speed of the vehicle changes from time to time depending upon the

conditions existing on the road. In such a situation, the speed is calculated by taking the ratio of the total

distance travelled by the vehicle to the total time taken for the journey. This is called the average speed.

If an object covers a distance S1 in time t1, distance S2 in time t2 and distance Sn in time tn then the average

speed is given by,

Average Speed = S1 + S2 +…………+ Sn

t1 +t2+…….+tn

= total distance traveled

Total time taken

VELOCITY

Velocity is defined as the distance covered by a moving object in a particular direction in unit time or

speed in a particular direction.

Velocity = distance travelled in specified direction Time taken

V= s t where s is the distance covered and t is the time taken

UNIFORM VELOCITY

A body is said to be moving with uniform velocity if it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time in

a specified direction.

NON –UNIFORM VELOCITY

A body is said to be moving with variable velocity if it covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time

and vice-versa in a specified direction or if it changes the direction of motion.

ACCELERATION

All of us know that a car moving on road does not have a uniform velocity. Either the speed or the

direction changes. Whenever a vehicle is speeding i.e., when the speed is increased we say that the vehicle

is accelerating. To get an idea of acceleration, let us study the change in velocity of a train moving from

Bangalore to Mysore. The train, which was initially at rest starts moving, its velocity slowly increases and

after a certain time interval it attains a constant velocity. As the next station approaches its velocity

gradually decreases and finally the train comes to rest.

When the train starts from rest its speed increases from zero and we say that the train is accelerating. After

sometime the speed becomes uniform and we say that it is moving with uniform speed that means the train

is not accelerating. But as the train is nearing Mysore it slows down, which means the train is accelerating

in negative direction. Again the train stops accelerating when it comes to a halt at Mysore.

Thus, it is clear that the term 'acceleration' need not always mean that the speed of a moving body is

always increasing, it can also decrease, remain the same or become zero.

In general, acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a moving body with time. This

change could be a change in the speed of the object or its direction of motion or both.

Now let us get a mathematical formula for calculating acceleration.

Let an object moving with an initial velocity 'u' attain a final velocity 'v' in time 't' , then acceleration 'a'

produced in the object is

Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity with time = change in velocity

Time

a = v – u

t

UNIT OF ACCELERATION

The SI unit of velocity is m/s and time is s

UNIFORM ACCELERATION

If the change in velocity in equal intervals of time is always the same, then the object is said to be moving

with uniform acceleration.

Example: a body falling from a height towards the surface of the earth.

NON-UNIFORM OR VARIABLE ACCELERATION

If the change in velocity in equal intervals of time is not the same, then the object is said to be moving with

variable acceleration.

HOME ASSIGNMENT

1. (a) Identify the kind of motion in the following cases:

(i) A car moving with constant speed turning around a curve.

(ii) An electron orbitting around nucleus.

2. (a) Define average speed.

(b) A bus travels a distance of 120 km with a speed of 40 km/h and returns with a speed of 30 km/h. Calculate the

average speed for the entire journey.

3. Define uniform and non-uniform motion. Write one example for each.

4. What does the odometer of an automobile measure? Which of the following is moving faster?

Justify you are answer

. . (i) A scooter moving with a speed of 300 m per minute.

(ii) A car moving with a speed of 36 km per hour.

5. A car travels from stop A to stop B with a speed of 30 km/h and then returns back to A with a speed of 50 km/h.

Find:-

(i) displacement of the car.

(ii) distance travelled by the car.

(iii) average speed of the car.

6. A bus accelerates uniformly from 54 km/h to 72 km/h in 10 seconds Calculate

(i) acceleration in m/s2

(ii) distance covered by the bus in metres during this interval.

LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Students will understand about the uniform & non uniform motion. 2. Students will easily understand the terms uniform and non uniform. 3. Distinguish between speed , velocity, acceleration. 4. They can easily find out distance covered by a body within a given period of time. 5. Student will understand the graphical form representations of these physical quantities.

FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Grade- IX Module-1/1

SUBJECT-CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER NAME- IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

TOPIC: PURE SUBSTANCES, MIXTURES AND ITS TYPES.

Link- 1) https://www.extramarks.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9/science-is-matter-around-us-

pure

2) http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/iesc102.pdf

3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unsdSnTHP1s

Please find herewith the web links of the chapters along with the written assignment we wish

you to cover up by the end of this break. The entire assignment will form a part of your

subject enrichment assessment and needs to be done in home-work copy. This assignment

will be a part of subject enrichment. In case of any clarification please feel free to get in

touch with your subject teachers, once the school reopens or else mail it to

principal@firayalalpublicschool.com

INTRODUCTION

How do we judge whether the products such as milk, ghee, butter, oil that we buy from the

market are pure?

For a common man purity means absence of adulteration, but from a scientist point of view it

is different.

In the previous unit we have studied about matter and its behaviour in this unit we will

discuss is the matter around us are pure.

TUTORIALS

Pure substances

Pure substances are elements or compounds.

They are made up of only one kind of entity.

They cannot be broken down into simpler entities by chemical or physical methods.

They have a fixed composition.

Example: Diamond, carbon dioxide.

Mixtures

When two or more elements or compounds mix together, not necessarily in a definite ratio

and do not interact chemically, then the resulting substance is known as a mixture.

Types:

1. Homogeneous mixture

A mixture which has a uniform composition throughout is called a homogeneous

mixture or solution. These are the types of mixtures in which the components mixed are

uniformly distributed throughout the mixture or in other words “the same throughout”. We

can observe only one phase in these mixtures.

Examples: sugar in water, salt in water.

2. Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture which contains physically distinct parts and has a non-uniform composition is

called a heterogeneous mixture. This is a type of mixture in which all the components are

completely mixed and all the particles can be seen under a microscope. We can easily

identify the components and more than one phase can be seen by naked eye.

Examples: Mixture of salt and iron filings, sand and sugar.

IS BLOOD HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

Solution

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size

is smaller than 1 nm.

A solution has a solute and solvent as its components.

Solute- The component which is dissolved is called a solute. Usually present in

lesser quantity.

Solvent- The component in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent. Usually present

in larger amount.

PROPERTIES -

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Its particles are too tiny and have a diameter less than 1 nm.

The particles are not visible to naked eyes.

Particles do not scatter a beam of light passing through it and hence do not show the

Tyndall effect.

The solute particles never settle down on keeping undisturbed.

The components of a solution cannot be separated using filtration.

Alloys

Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element that

cannot be separated into their components by physical methods.

Example-

Brass, a mixture of copper (metal) and zinc (metal).

Types of solutions based on the concentration of the solution

Three types of solutions exist based on the concentration of the solution:

Dilute, Concentrated & saturated solution.

Saturated solution- A saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount

of solute that can be dissolved under the condition at which the solution exists.

The amount of the solute present in the saturated solution at specific temperature is called

its solubility.

Ways of representing the concentration of a solution

The concentration of a solution can be represented in many ways

(i) Mass by the mass percentage of a solution = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100

(ii) Mass by volume percentage of a solution = (Mass of solute/ volume of solution)×100

Suspension

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles do not dissolve but

remain suspended.

Properties

The solute particles settle down when a suspension is left undisturbed.

They can be separated from the mixture by filtration.

The particles of a suspension can be seen by the naked eye.

The particles of a suspension scatter a beam of light passing through it.

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QUESTIONS:- Let’s think and Answer

1. What is meant by solubility of a solute?

2. Name some homogenous as well as heterogeneous mixtures.

3. Calculate the concentration of 45 g salt present in 500 g of solution.

4. Why a mixture is an impure substance?

5. What do you understand by the statement 'the solubility of NaCl is 36.5 g at

room temperature'?

6. A solution is prepared by adding 40 g of sugar in 100 g of water. Calculate the

concentration in terms of mass by mass percentage of solution.

7. 'Sea water can be classified as homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture.'

Comment.

8. Mention in tabular form any two differences between heterogeneous and

homogeneous mixtures.

LEARNING OUTCOME:-

After studying this topic, students will be able to:

Describe whether the given product is pure or not.

Develop critical thinking regarding mixture and its types

Understand about solution and how the solute dissolve in the solution.

Define some important terms like solubility, solute and solvent.

*******************************************************

FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Grade- IX Module- 1/1

SUBJECT- BIOLOGY

CHAPTER NAME- FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

TOPIC: CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLS

Link- https://youtu.be/HYfPMhIZVLs

Please find herewith the web links of the chapters along with the written assignment we wish you

to cover up by the end of this break. The entire assignment will form a part of your subject

enrichment assessment and needs to be done in home-work copy. This assignment will be a part

of subject enrichment. In case of any clarification please feel free to get in touch with your subject

teachers, once the school reopens or else mail it to principal@firayalalpublicschool.com

TUTORIALS:-

Many small organelles are found inside the cytoplasm. The imp. Cytoplasimic organelles are as below. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: It is a network of tube- like structures running through the cytoplasm. Some parts are connected to the nuclear membrane, while others are connected to the cell membrane. E.R Types : It is two types (1) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (2) Smooth Endoplasmic –Reticulum. If ribosomes are attached to it the reticulum is rough, otherwise it is smooth. RIBOSOMES : These are small, round bodies found in the cytoplasm or attached to the E.R.It is made up of ribonucleic acid and protein. It acts as a plateform for the synthesis of protein. MITOCHONDRIA: It is rod like, bounded by two mem.- outer and inner. The outer layer is smooth and the inner mem. Is pushed inward forming crista. The crista lie in the ground substance called matrix. It possess enzymes which help in the oxidation of carbohydrates. This process releases energy in the form of ATP. So mitochondria is known as the powerhouses of the cell. It has their own DNA and ribosomes and synthesize their own proteins so it is known as semiautonomous organelles.

GOLGI BODY: Golgi bodies are formed of flattened sacs called cisternae. There are some vacuoles and clusters of very small vesicles near the cisternae. PLASTIDS: Plastids are double- mem. Organelles, present only in plant cells. A plastids shows 2 distinct regions - grana and stroma which are responsible for the production of food by the process of photosynthesis. Like mitochondria , plastids also contain their own DNA and ribosomes. Plastids are three types: (1) Leucoplast (2) chloroplast (3) chromoplast. Leucoplast = colourless plastids,helps in store food Chloroplasts = green plastids , helps in photosynthesis Chromoplast = coloured plastids , helps in providing colours in fruits and flowers.

LYSOSOMES: These saclike, small, spherical, single mem. – bound vesicles contain enzymes. Lysosomes are formed by the golgi complex. It helps in defence against bacteria and viruses. During starvation, lysosomes act on their own cellular organelles and digest them. Hence lysosomes are called suicide bags. CENTRIOLES : The centrosome is a distinct region of the cytoplasm , near the nucleus of animal cells. It helps in cell division. Centrioles (2 central granules called centrioles) move to the poles and form spindle fibres which help in the movement of chromatids in the daughter cells. It helps in the formation of cilia and flagella. VACUOLES :

It is membrane- bound organelles which filled with liquid or sap. In plant cells only one large vacuole is present. It occupy upto 90% of the cell volume. In animal cells ,it helps in water balance, in osmoregulation. They store various substances like waste products. LEARNING OUTCOME:-

After studying this topic, students will be able to:

Get to know the structure and the functions of different organelles.

Able to make the chart flow about the organelles.

Able to recognise the organelles in temporary slide preparation of an onion.

FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Grade- IX Module-1/2

SUBJECT- SST ( ECONOMICS)

CHAPTER NAME-1) THE STORY OF PALAMPUR

TOPIC: Economic life of Palampur

Link-https://www.extramarks.com

http://ncert.nic.in/ebooks.html

http://https://youtu.be/d4JDpbqSdFg

Please find herewith the web links of the chapters along with the written assignment we wish you

to cover up by the end of this break. The entire assignment will form a part of your subject

enrichment assessment and needs to be done in home-work copy. This assignment will be a part

of subject enrichment. In case of any clarification please feel free to get in touch with your subject

teachers, once the school reopens or else mail it to principal@firayalalpublicschool.com

TUTORIALS:-

OVERVIEW -> A story of a hypothetical village called Palampur. -> To introduce some basic concepts relating to production. -> Small scale manufacturing , dairy , transport,etc. are carried out on a limited scale in the village. -> Various resources combine to produce the desired goods and services in the village. INTRODUCTION • Palampur is a small village, well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns like, Raiganj. • Bullock carts ,tongas,bogeys, motorcycles, jeeps, tractors and trucks types of visible transport facility are available on the road of Palampur. • This village has two primary and one high school and also has a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary. • About 450 different caste families are living here. - Out of them, 80 upper caste families have land majority in this village. One third of total population is coveby scheduled caste. • Most of the houses have electric connections. - small manufacturing, transport,shop- keeping and farming are the production activities of the Palampur. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION The main aim of production is to produce goods and services,which require four essential things: 1. Land and the other natural resources such as water,forests, minerals. 2. Labour 3. Capital- It comprises of two:-

a) Working capital- includes raw materials and money in hand b) Fixed capital- includes tools, machine, buildings. 4. Entrepreneurship- This is the fourth requirement where human knowledge and skill is able to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output. Thus factors of production are combination of land, labour, physical capital and human capital. FARMING IN PALAMPUR I) Land is fixed-About 75 percent population are depended on farming in Palampur. Land area under cultivation is fixed. There has been no expansion in land area under cultivation since 1960. II) Change in method of cultivation- Multiple cropping and Modern farming are the method of cultivation used in Palampur to increase the production from land. III) Multiple cropping- Method of multiple cropping is used in Palampur. Cultivation of different types of crops in the same piece of land at the same or different time is known as multiple cropping. For example, jowar and bajra grow during rainy season, potato is produced between October and December, wheat is produced during winter season. IV) Modern farming- In this type of farming high yeilding varieties seed are used. As a result same piece of land produce larger quantities of food grains. In India Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming method. Introduction of the Green Revolution facilitated the cultivation of wheat and rice using High Yielding Variety of seeds ( HYVs) instead of the traditional seeds. The HYVs are capable of producing more amount of grain on one plant. V) Sustainability of land- According to a scientific report, in modern farming natural resources are overused. Groundwater,rivers and lakes are polluted by the way of using chemical fertilizers. Chemical and fertilizers also kill bacteria and other micro-organisms in the soil which are essential for the growth of plants. VI) Distribution of land- About one third of the 450 families are landless in Palampur. 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size and remaining 60 families cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of large farmers cultivate 10 hectares or more than 10 hectares of land. VII) Labour- Some farmers work on their own land and some farmers work on another land for which they receive wages. Wages can be in cash or kind. Wages vary from region to region,crop to crop and from one farm activity to other. VIII) Capital- Huge capital is required in the method of modern farming. Small farmers have lack of capital. They borrow money from big farmers or moneylenders at high rate of interest. IX) Selling of farm products- Surplus product are sold to medium and large farmers by the small farmers.After that medium and large farmers sell their surplus directly to the market.The traders buy the products from the market and sell the products to shopkeeper in the town and cities. NON-FARM ACTIVITIES IN PALAMPUR 25 per cent of the total population is engaged in non-farm activities in Palampur. The following non farm activities are practiced in Palampur: 1.Small-scale manufacturing- In Palampur, small-scale manufacturing is done. Basically,the work is carried out at home or in the field with the help of family labour. So labour is rarely hired.

2. Transportation- People and goods are ferried from one place to another through transporting services.For this service the worker get paid . In Palampur, road is the mode of transportation. 3. Dairy- Dairy is a major source of earning money in Palampur. Dairy is a type of business where harvesting or processing of animal milk are done mostly from cow and buffaloes. 4. Shopkeeping -shopkeeping is also a source of earning money in Palampur. Shopkeepers earn money by selling a wide range of item like rice, wheat,sugar,tea,oil,biscuits, soap, toothpaste ,batteries, candles, notebooks, pen, pencil ,even some cloth. Here, shopkeeper is an individual who run the shop. LET'S EXAMINE: answer the following questions- 1) What are the main requirements for production of goods and services? Explain briefly 2) Differentiate between working capital and fixed capital with the help of examples. 3) What is the main economic activity of Palampur? 4) What are the main characteristics of the traditional method of farming?Mention any three. 5) What are the characteristics of modern method of farming? 6) How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur? 7) Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages? 8) What are the drawbacks of modern method farming? 9) What is human capital? 10) What is multiple cropping? 11) How did the Indian farmers benefit from Green Revolution? 12) Name some of the non-farm activities of Palampur. LEARNING OUTCOME: 1. Students are introduced to one more branch of Social Studies - Economics 2. Students will understand the meaning of Economics. 3. Students for understand the different factor of production. 4. Student will understand and able to differentiate between different types of economic activities.

FIRAYALAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

Grade- IX Module- 2nd

Subject : Information Technology(402)

Topic: Self Management Skills

Link- https://www.extramarks.com

http://www.firayalalpublicschool.edu.in/about/homework.php

Please find herewith the web links of the chapters along with the written assignment we wish you to cover up by the end of this break. The entire assignment will form a part of your subject enrichment assessment and needs to be done in home-work copy. This assignment will be a part of subject enrichment. In case of any clarification please feel free to get in touch with your subject teachers, once the school reopens or else mail it to principal@firayalalpublicschool.com

TUTORIALS: INTRODUCTION TO SELF MANAGEMENT Self management is combination of two words: Self And Management

Self can be autonomous actor or manager and as the target of the management.

Management deals with motivation, planning, goal-setting, calculating resources, controlling, regulation etc.

Self management is the process by which we manage ourselves and do the daily tasks or coordinate among them successfully. Self management also refers to a long term plan and how we handle ourselves or work towards reaching the goal. Self management is a key skull that will help us throughout our life. It involves setting goals and managing out time.

The positive results of self management in our life is a s follows:

1. Self management skills are important because it makes you more organized and it becomes easier to work.

2. Through these skills you get a chance to work better and have a better chance of being successful in life.

3. It will lead to career growth and a better chance of success in what you do. 4. Setting goals in life is very important and it is a key factor in the development of self

management skills. 5. Goals give us a target to be achieved; it makes us motivated and pushes us to give

our best. in what you do. 6. Setting goals in life is very important and it is a key factor in the development of self

management skills. 7. Goals give us a target to be achieved; it makes us motivated and pushes us to give

our best. 8. Self management also gives you the confidence that you can do this as you are in

control of your situations.

SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS:

Self management skills are those characteristics that help an employee to feel and be more productive in the workplace. Self management skills help an employee communicate and interact efficiently with fellow worker, supervisors and even customers.

The various self management skills that a person should have are as follows:

1. Self awareness 2. Self control 3. Self confidence 4. Problem solving 5. Self motivation 6. Positive thinking 7. Team work 8. Personal hygiene and grooming 9. Goal setting 10. Time management

LEARNING OUTCOME

After studying this topic, students will be able to:

Learn about self management for any thing

What is self management who to manage the work with time management

What is self confidence

What is the weakness & strength etc

ASSIGNMENT:

1. What is self management and self management skills? 2. What do you understand by self confidence? 3. What is time management? 4. What are the self management skills?