Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.
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Transcript of Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.
![Page 1: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval
English
By Lauren Crowne
![Page 2: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Atlas ScopeAtlas Scope
Where? The atlas covers areas of England and Wales for which material
was available, and a small amount of data from Southern Scotland
When? 1350-1450 (until the end of the reign of Henry VI) hard to keep it within those time limits Spelling and syntax changes over time, slight inaccuracies in maps
Where? The atlas covers areas of England and Wales for which material
was available, and a small amount of data from Southern Scotland
When? 1350-1450 (until the end of the reign of Henry VI) hard to keep it within those time limits Spelling and syntax changes over time, slight inaccuracies in maps
![Page 3: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Qualities of Middle English
Qualities of Middle English
Diversity of written form Dialects were used at the time but London English was becoming
more regular/standard According to the atlas, almost any Middle English written before
1430 is considered “dialectal” by definition Latin & Anglo-Norman became language of the government after the
Norman Conquest; displaced Old English Much material from this time was written in the emerging London
standard, not dialects, Latin, or French Some regions have more written documents than others
Northern or North Midland English: very few sources before 1350Certain texts of southern Scots were used in the atlas for
Northern England regions Southern England: much material from 14th century and on
Diversity of written form Dialects were used at the time but London English was becoming
more regular/standard According to the atlas, almost any Middle English written before
1430 is considered “dialectal” by definition Latin & Anglo-Norman became language of the government after the
Norman Conquest; displaced Old English Much material from this time was written in the emerging London
standard, not dialects, Latin, or French Some regions have more written documents than others
Northern or North Midland English: very few sources before 1350Certain texts of southern Scots were used in the atlas for
Northern England regions Southern England: much material from 14th century and on
![Page 4: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Affect of the Standard
The Affect of the Standard
The Development of Standard English affected the atlas earlier in the south than the north dialectal texts in the south became rare at an
earlier date “Near-standard” and “semi-standard”
Describes certain spoken English dialects that were starting to accommodate the written standard
Spread faster in legal and administrative writing than literary works (Chancery Standard- official language of London administrators)
Printing helped facilitate the development of a national literary standard
The standard made it difficult for the writers of the atlas to determine where a piece of writing originated from unless it specifically refers to a location
The Development of Standard English affected the atlas earlier in the south than the north dialectal texts in the south became rare at an
earlier date “Near-standard” and “semi-standard”
Describes certain spoken English dialects that were starting to accommodate the written standard
Spread faster in legal and administrative writing than literary works (Chancery Standard- official language of London administrators)
Printing helped facilitate the development of a national literary standard
The standard made it difficult for the writers of the atlas to determine where a piece of writing originated from unless it specifically refers to a location
![Page 5: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Methodology in Atlas Composition
Methodology in Atlas Composition
Documents of interest were ones that referred to named places Is the document a “genuine local product” with language that reflects the location?
Cannot be well evaluated without legal and historical references
Developing standard made this quite difficult
Literary Texts & Documents Documents: legal instruments, administrative writings, personal letters (I.e. writings from Early Chancery Proceedings in London)
Literary Texts: imaginative and discursive writings (regardless of their quality as literature); Bible translations, medical recipes, charms
Documents of interest were ones that referred to named places Is the document a “genuine local product” with language that reflects the location?
Cannot be well evaluated without legal and historical references
Developing standard made this quite difficult
Literary Texts & Documents Documents: legal instruments, administrative writings, personal letters (I.e. writings from Early Chancery Proceedings in London)
Literary Texts: imaginative and discursive writings (regardless of their quality as literature); Bible translations, medical recipes, charms
![Page 6: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Determining a Document’s Origin
Determining a Document’s Origin
Evidence for the place of origin of local documents is normally provided in the document’s dating clauses
a document is dated, or “given” on a named day and from a named place
For example:“Gyfen at the namptwyche the ix day of Octobre The yere of the regne of kyng henry the sext after the conquest of xxxiiij”
Evidence for the place of origin of local documents is normally provided in the document’s dating clauses
a document is dated, or “given” on a named day and from a named place
For example:“Gyfen at the namptwyche the ix day of Octobre The yere of the regne of kyng henry the sext after the conquest of xxxiiij”
![Page 7: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of Documents Studied:
Types of Documents Studied:
Deed Poll Indenture Register Roll Award Defeasance of a
bond Enfeoffment to
Use Cartulary
Deed Poll Indenture Register Roll Award Defeasance of a
bond Enfeoffment to
Use Cartulary
Extent Grant Inspeximus Marriage articles Perambulation Presentment of a Jury Rental Terrier
Extent Grant Inspeximus Marriage articles Perambulation Presentment of a Jury Rental Terrier
![Page 8: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“Seal of Approval”“Seal of Approval” Seal: a piece of wax bearing the impression of a personal or
institutional emblem attached to a document Some writers have imagined that documents lacking their seals
cannot be presumed authentic and are untrustworthy for use in creating the atlas
A document with a seal is agreed to be able to be taken at face value
BUT… This is difficult because seals are:
A) easily damaged B) their identity can be obscure C) forgery may be in question D) the type of document, transmission of the text, and
circumstances in which it was produced all must come into question; can’t rely solely on the seal to determine if the document can be trusted
Seal: a piece of wax bearing the impression of a personal or institutional emblem attached to a document
Some writers have imagined that documents lacking their seals cannot be presumed authentic and are untrustworthy for use in creating the atlas
A document with a seal is agreed to be able to be taken at face value
BUT… This is difficult because seals are:
A) easily damaged B) their identity can be obscure C) forgery may be in question D) the type of document, transmission of the text, and
circumstances in which it was produced all must come into question; can’t rely solely on the seal to determine if the document can be trusted
![Page 9: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dot MapsDot MapsDot maps show where in an area (county, region, etc.) a certain pronunciation is used
Each dot map displays the distribution of the set of forms specified in the map’s caption
Places where each form has been found are represented by the black dots
3 dot sizes: large, medium, small (reflecting how dominant the particular form is in the given place)
Dot maps show where in an area (county, region, etc.) a certain pronunciation is used
Each dot map displays the distribution of the set of forms specified in the map’s caption
Places where each form has been found are represented by the black dots
3 dot sizes: large, medium, small (reflecting how dominant the particular form is in the given place)
![Page 10: Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English By Lauren Crowne.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082816/56649cec5503460f949b85f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Item MapsItem MapsItem maps show show the geographical ranges of the forms of words
Covers the area of mainland BritainFor each place for in which written material was used by the atlas composers, all of the variants of the words are recorded from that place and entered directly on the maps
The numbers alongside each map frame are the eastings and northings of the National Grid
Item maps show show the geographical ranges of the forms of words
Covers the area of mainland BritainFor each place for in which written material was used by the atlas composers, all of the variants of the words are recorded from that place and entered directly on the maps
The numbers alongside each map frame are the eastings and northings of the National Grid