LING-23 Dialectology Terminology (Rev.4/23/2012)

8/2/2019 LING-23 Dialectology Terminology (Rev.4/23/2012)

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Dialectology

Refers to the study of a particular

variety of language within alanguage


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English is not a uniform or

monolithic languageMany national varieties exist

American

Australian

British

Canadian Irish

New Zealand

South African


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English Varies

From country to country

Also varies within each country

People refer to people in another part ofthe country as speaking with an accentdifferent from their own

To a linguist everybody has a dialect


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Dialect

We could define dialect as a mutuallyintelligible form of a language that

differs in systematic ways from anotherform

We could define dialect as a variety of

language spoken by the members of aparticular region or social community


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Regional Dialect

Refers to a set of linguistic

features spread over a specificgeographic area


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Social Dialect

Refers to linguistic features shared

by speakers of a social grouping


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Dialect differences

We distinguish a one dialect fromanother through (regional or social)

differences in:Pronunciation

Vocabulary

Grammar


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Pronunciation Differences

Regional Differences

North /grisi/

South /grizi/

Inland North /ay layk frayd kn/

South Midland /a lak frad kn/


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Vocabulary Differences

Inland North Bean field

South Midland Pea patch


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Grammatical Differences

Black English

I have live three years in Atlanta

(deletion of past tense morpheme)

He be fooling around (Progressive formis different from the standard regional

dialect)


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Idiolect

Refers to the peculiarity orcharacteristics of an individuals speech

patterns pronunciation, grammar, orvocabulary

My wife Julie pronounces vail as /vl/

sail as / sl/ and mail as /ml/


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Dialectologist

We define dialectologist as a scholarwho studies varieties of language- both

regional and social aspectsRegional Dialects (Inland North, South

Midland, etc.

Social Class (Upper class, workingclass, male,female differences

Ethnic differences (Black ,Hispanic

Yiddish,etc.)


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Informant

We define informant as a representativespeaker (specimen or guinea pig

metaphorically) used for dialectinformation


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Isogloss

We define an isogloss as a line drawnon a map to show the outer -limits of a

particular linguistic feature- or where aspeech feature is found

We should not think of an isogloss as a

dividing line between two usages, butrather the approximate outer limits of acertain feature


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Total Pattern

We refer to a feature which isapparently distributed throughout the

entire vocabulary- such as the loss ofthe r in word medial and finalposition in New England dialect

Neighbor / neb /


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Partial Pattern

Refers to the behavior of a speaker whouses a variation in pronunciation which

is not consistent throughout the entiredialect.

The Midland speaker who inserts an r

as in worsh for wash will not carry thisfeature into other analogous words


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Jargon

We refer to words used in a profession,trade, or occupation- like morpheme,

allophone, syntactic category, or bi-labial fricative in Linguistics

Interface, boot up, format, down-load

in computer talk Identifies the user as a student or

practitioner in that field


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Argot

Refers to a variety of language used bymembers of a socially marginal group

Narcotics dealers refers to :

Hash forHashish

Mainline for injecting directly into thebloodstream

Uppers amphetamines

Downers barbituates


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Euphemism

Refers to a less offensive or more politeword or phrase which replaces a taboo

wordTo pass away for die

Powder room for toilet


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Idiom

An idiom is a fixed phrase orexpression consisting of more than one

word whose meaning cannot beinferred by knowing the meaning ofeach individual word

Set her straightBe here in nothing flat

By and large

LING-23 Dialectology Terminology (Rev.4/23/2012)

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