LINE SIZE
3
OTEPI document.xls anexo 1 DE 3 LINE SIZE & PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION CLIENT: PDVSA PRODUCCION DATE: 8/28/2022 PROJECT: USO DE AIRE SECO PARA CONTROL DE INSTRUMENTOS BY: F. J. Arias LOCATION: Estacion Orocual EF-ORC-4 REV.: H. Bermudez PROJECT No: D01K1-28000 CASE: Clase de Tuberia: HX2 INPUT Line Number 2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-002 1"-IA-003 1/2""-IA-0041/2""-IA-0051/2""-IA-006 Drawing Ref. BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 from V-001 2"-IA-001 2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-001 2"-IA-001 2"-IA-001 1"-IA-003 to 1 1/2"-IA-0021/2"-IA-008 1/2"-IA-014 Conex. Futura LCV-260110 PCV-110220 LCV-110110 # Nominal or Internal diameter Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Diameter [in] # 2 # 1.5 # 1.5 # 1 # 0.5 # 0.5 # 0.5 Schedule (only for Nominal diameter) # STD # STD # STD # STD # STD # STD # STD Pipe material # Galva Iron # Galva Iron # Galva Iron # Galva Iron # Galva Iron # Galva Iron # Galva Iron Pipe roughness [in] 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 Phase (L, G, or M) # G # G # G # G # G # G # G Liquid Flowrate [kg/h] Gas Flowrate [kg/h] 90.4 23 27.6 9.2 4.6 4.6 4.6 Temperature [°C] 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 Pressure [barg] 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 Molecular Weight 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 Liquid Density [kg/m3] Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 Cp/Cv 1.39 1.4 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 Gas Compressibility Factor Z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 Liquid / Mixed Phase Viscosity [cP] Liquid Surface Tension [dynes/cm] FORMAL PROCESS DATA ANALYSIS GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK FORMAL PIPE DATA ANALYSIS Physical Length [m] 37 25.5 29.5 9.5 4.5 4 2 Delta Elevation [m] 3.7 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 # of 45° Standard Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # of 90° Standard Elbows (L/D=30) 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 # of 90° Long Radius Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # of Tees: thru flow (L/D=20) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 # of Tees: branch flow (L/D=60) 3 3 6 2 0 0 0 # of Valves - Check (L/D=100) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # of Valves - Gate (L/D=8) 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 Sudden Enlarg. Nom. Diam. [in] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudden Contr. Nom. Diam. [in] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pipe Sharp Edged Entrance (K=0.5) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pipe Exit (K=1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sum of other Equiv. Lengths (L/D) (Note 2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sum of other K's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sum of other Pressure Drops [bar] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OUTPUT Flow Characteristic Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Equivalent Length [m] 48 32 39 12 5 4 2 Equivalent Length [ft] 159 104 127 38 16 14 8 Total K 6.50 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mixed Phase Density [kg/m3] - - - - - - - Mixed Phase Flow Pattern - - - - - - - Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 k (=Cp/Cv) 1.390 1.400 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390 Z 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Sonic Velocity [m/s] 352.2 353.4 352.2 352.2 352.2 352.2 352.2 Mach number 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 Maximum Allowable Velocity [m/s] 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 Minimum Velocity (two phase) [m/s] - - - - - - - Velocity [m/s] 1.32 0.55 0.66 0.52 0.74 0.74 0.74 Frictional Pressure Drop per length [psi/100ft] 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 Frictional Pressure Drop per length [bar/100m] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Total Frictional Pressure Drop [bar] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Pressure Drop (including Static [bar] 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Note 1: Only positive Delta Elevation (end point higher than start point) Note 2: For a collection of L/D values see Table: EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VARIOUS VALVES AND FITTINGS (F5 + LENGTHS). DIAM. OK SCHED. OK DIAM. OK SCHED. OK DIAM. OK SCHED. OK DIAM. OK SCHED. OK DIAM. OK SCHED. OK DIAM. OK SCHED. OK DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
description
LINE SIZING CALCULATIONS
Transcript of LINE SIZE
OTEPI
document.xls anexo 1 DE 3
LINE SIZE & PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
CLIENT: PDVSA PRODUCCION DATE: 4/19/2023
PROJECT: USO DE AIRE SECO PARA CONTROL DE INSTRUMENTOS BY: F. J. Arias
LOCATION: Estacion Orocual EF-ORC-4 REV.: H. Bermudez
PROJECT No: D01K1-28000
CASE: Clase de Tuberia: HX2INPUT
Line Number 2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-002 1"-IA-003 1/2""-IA-004 1/2""-IA-005 1/2""-IA-006
Drawing Ref. BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900
from V-001 2"-IA-001 2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-001 2"-IA-001 2"-IA-001 1"-IA-003
to 1 1/2"-IA-002 1/2"-IA-008 1/2"-IA-014 Conex. Futura LCV-260110 PCV-110220 LCV-110110
###
Nominal or Internal diameter Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal NominalDiameter [in]### 2 ### 1.5 ### 1.5 ### 1 ### 0.5 ### 0.5 ### 0.5
Schedule (only for Nominal diameter) ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD
Pipe material ### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron ###Galva Iron### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron
Pipe roughness [in] 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006
Phase (L, G, or M) ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G
Liquid Flowrate [kg/h]
Gas Flowrate [kg/h] 90.4 23 27.6 9.2 4.6 4.6 4.6
Temperature [°C] 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
Pressure [barg] 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9
Molecular Weight 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97
Liquid Density [kg/m3]
Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82
Cp/Cv 1.39 1.4 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39
Gas Compressibility Factor Z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019
Liquid / Mixed Phase Viscosity [cP]
Liquid Surface Tension [dynes/cm]
FORMAL PROCESS DATA ANALYSIS GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK
FORMAL PIPE DATA ANALYSIS
Physical Length [m] 37 25.5 29.5 9.5 4.5 4 2
Delta Elevation (Note 1) [m] 3.7 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
# of 45° Standard Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of 90° Standard Elbows (L/D=30) 4 3 1 1 1 1 1
# of 90° Long Radius Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Tees: thru flow (L/D=20) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Tees: branch flow (L/D=60) 3 3 6 2 0 0 0
# of Valves - Check (L/D=100) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Valves - Gate (L/D=8) 2 0 0 0 1 1 1
Sudden Enlarg. Nom. Diam. [in] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sudden Contr. Nom. Diam. [in] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Pipe Sharp Edged Entrance (K=0.5) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pipe Exit (K=1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other Equiv. Lengths (L/D) (Note 2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other K's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other Pressure Drops [bar] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0OUTPUT
Flow Characteristic Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent
Equivalent Length [m] 48 32 39 12 5 4 2
Equivalent Length [ft] 159 104 127 38 16 14 8
Total K 6.50 1.41 1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mixed Phase Density [kg/m3] - - - - - - -
Mixed Phase Flow Pattern - - - - - - -
Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820
Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019
k (=Cp/Cv) 1.390 1.400 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390
Z 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Sonic Velocity [m/s] 352.2 353.4 352.2 352.2 352.2 352.2 352.2
Mach number 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002
Maximum Allowable Velocity [m/s] 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1
Minimum Velocity (two phase) [m/s] - - - - - - -
Velocity [m/s] 1.32 0.55 0.66 0.52 0.74 0.74 0.74
Frictional Pressure Drop per length [psi/100ft] 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03
Frictional Pressure Drop per length [bar/100m] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
Total Frictional Pressure Drop [bar] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Pressure Drop (including Static Head) [bar] 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Note 1: Only positive Delta Elevation (end point higher than start point)
Note 2: For a collection of L/D values see Table: EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VARIOUS VALVES AND FITTINGS (F5 + LENGTHS).
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
OTEPI
document.xls anexo (1) 2 DE 3
LINE SIZE & PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
CLIENT: PDVSA PRODUCCION DATE: 4/19/2023
PROJECT: USO DE AIRE SECO PARA CONTROL DE INSTRUMENTOS BY: F. J. Arias
LOCATION: Estacion Orocual EF-ORC-4 REV.: H. Bermudez
PROJECT No: D01K1-28000
CASE: Clase de Tuberia: HX2INPUT
Line Number 1/2""-IA-007 1/2""-IA-008 1/2""-IA-009 1/2""-IA-010 1/2""-IA-011 1/2""-IA-012 1/2""-IA-013
Drawing Ref. BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900
from 1 1/2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-IA-002 1 1/2"-IA-002 1 1/2"-IA-002 1 1/2"-IA-002 1 1/2"-IA-002
to PCV-110110 PCV-110410 LCV-110210 LCV-110610 LCV-110410 LCV-250310 LCV-260210
###
Nominal or Internal diameter Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal NominalDiameter [in]### 0.5 ### 0.5 ### 0.5 ### 0.5 ### 0.5 ### 0.5 ### 0.5
Schedule (only for Nominal diameter) ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD
Pipe material ### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron ###Galva Iron### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron
Pipe roughness [in] 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006
Phase (L, G, or M) ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G
Liquid Flowrate [kg/h]
Gas Flowrate [kg/h] 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
Temperature [°C] 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
Pressure [barg] 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9
Molecular Weight 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97
Liquid Density [kg/m3]
Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82
Cp/Cv 1.39 1.4 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39
Gas Compressibility Factor Z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019
Liquid / Mixed Phase Viscosity [cP]
Liquid Surface Tension [dynes/cm]
FORMAL PROCESS DATA ANALYSIS GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK
FORMAL PIPE DATA ANALYSIS
Physical Length [m] 2.5 2 5 2.5 5 3 7
Delta Elevation (Note 1) [m] -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
# of 45° Standard Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of 90° Standard Elbows (L/D=30) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
# of 90° Long Radius Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Tees: thru flow (L/D=20) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Tees: branch flow (L/D=60) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Valves - Check (L/D=100) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Valves - Gate (L/D=8) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
Sudden Enlarg. Nom. Diam. [in] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sudden Contr. Nom. Diam. [in] 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
Pipe Sharp Edged Entrance (K=0.5) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pipe Exit (K=1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other Equiv. Lengths (L/D) (Note 2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other K's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other Pressure Drops [bar] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0OUTPUT
Flow Characteristic Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent
Equivalent Length [m] 3 2 5 3 5 3 7
Equivalent Length [ft] 9 8 18 9 18 11 23
Total K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mixed Phase Density [kg/m3] - - - - - - -
Mixed Phase Flow Pattern - - - - - - -
Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820
Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019
k (=Cp/Cv) 1.390 1.400 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390
Z 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Sonic Velocity [m/s] 352.2 353.4 352.2 352.2 352.2 352.2 352.2
Mach number 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
Maximum Allowable Velocity [m/s] 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1
Minimum Velocity (two phase) [m/s] - - - - - - -
Velocity [m/s] 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74
Frictional Pressure Drop per length [psi/100ft] 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Frictional Pressure Drop per length [bar/100m] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Total Frictional Pressure Drop [bar] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Pressure Drop (including Static Head) [bar] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Note 1: Only positive Delta Elevation (end point higher than start point)
Note 2: For a collection of L/D values see Table: EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VARIOUS VALVES AND FITTINGS (F5 + LENGTHS).
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
OTEPI
document.xls anexo (2) 3 DE 3
LINE SIZE & PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
CLIENT: PDVSA PRODUCCION DATE: 4/19/2023
PROJECT: USO DE AIRE SECO PARA CONTROL DE INSTRUMENTOS BY: F. J. Arias
LOCATION: Estacion Orocual EF-ORC-4 REV.: H. Bermudez
PROJECT No: D01K1-28000
CASE: Clase de Tuberia: HX2 hasta la linea 1/2"-IA-014 y HA2 desde la linea 1 1/2"-PA-001 hasta 1"-PA-004INPUT
Line Number 1/2""-IA-014 1 1/2"-PA-001 1"-PA-002 1"-PA-003 1"-PA-004
Drawing Ref. BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900 BM20900
from 1 1/2"-IA-002 2"-IA-001 1 1/2"-PA-001 1 1/2"-PA-001 1 1/2"-PA-001
to LCV-260210 1"-PA-003 EST. 1 EST. 2 EST. 3
###
Nominal or Internal diameter Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Internal NominalDiameter [in]### 0.5 ### 1.5 ### 1 ### 1 ### 1 ### ###
Schedule (only for Nominal diameter) ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### STD ### 0 ### STD
Pipe material ### Galva Iron ### Default ### Default ### Default ### Default ### Galva Iron ### Galva Iron
Pipe roughness [in] 0.006 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018
Phase (L, G, or M) ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G ### G
Liquid Flowrate [kg/h]
Gas Flowrate [kg/h] 4.6 60 27 27 27
Temperature [°C] 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
Pressure [barg] 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9
Molecular Weight 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97 28.97
Liquid Density [kg/m3]
Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82 8.82
Cp/Cv 1.39 1.4 1.39 1.39 1.39
Gas Compressibility Factor Z 1 1 1 1 1
Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019
Liquid / Mixed Phase Viscosity [cP]
Liquid Surface Tension [dynes/cm]
FORMAL PROCESS DATA ANALYSIS GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK GAS OK
FORMAL PIPE DATA ANALYSIS
Physical Length [m] 6.5 60 5 5 47
Delta Elevation (Note 1) [m] -1 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5
# of 45° Standard Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0
# of 90° Standard Elbows (L/D=30) 1 2 1 1 1
# of 90° Long Radius Elbows (L/D=16) 0 0 0 0 0
# of Tees: thru flow (L/D=20) 0 0 0 0 0
# of Tees: branch flow (L/D=60) 0 3 0 0 0
# of Valves - Check (L/D=100) 0 0 0 0 0
# of Valves - Gate (L/D=8) 1 2 1 1 1
Sudden Enlarg. Nom. Diam. [in] 0 0 0 0 0
Sudden Contr. Nom. Diam. [in] 1 1 1 1 1
Pipe Sharp Edged Entrance (K=0.5) 0 0 0 0 0
Pipe Exit (K=1) 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other Equiv. Lengths (L/D) (Note 2) 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other K's 0 0 0 0 0
Sum of other Pressure Drops [bar] 0 0 0 0 0OUTPUT
Flow Characteristic Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent Turbulent #DIV/0! #N/A
Equivalent Length [m] 7 68 6 6 48 Err:502 #N/A
Equivalent Length [ft] 22 223 19 19 157 Err:502 #N/A
Total K 0.00 1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mixed Phase Density [kg/m3] - - - - - - -
Mixed Phase Flow Pattern - - - - - - -
Gas Density [kg/m3] 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 8.820 0.000 0.000
Gas Viscosity [cP] 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 - -
k (=Cp/Cv) 1.390 1.400 1.390 1.390 1.390 - -
Z 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 - -
Sonic Velocity [m/s] 352.2 353.4 352.2 352.2 352.2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mach number 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Maximum Allowable Velocity [m/s] 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Minimum Velocity (two phase) [m/s] - - - - - - -
Velocity [m/s] 0.74 1.44 1.53 1.53 1.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Frictional Pressure Drop per length [psi/100ft] 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 #DIV/0! #N/A
Frictional Pressure Drop per length [bar/100m] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 #DIV/0! #N/A
Total Frictional Pressure Drop [bar] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 #DIV/0! #N/A
Total Pressure Drop (including Static Head) [bar] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #N/A
Note 1: Only positive Delta Elevation (end point higher than start point)
Note 2: For a collection of L/D values see Table: EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VARIOUS VALVES AND FITTINGS (F5 + LENGTHS).
Missing Gas Flow
Missing Gas Flow
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
DIAM. OK SCHED. OK
Missing Pipe Dia.
Missing Pipe Dia.
![Untitled-1 [associationofchemistryteachers.org]associationofchemistryteachers.org/SGBAU Brouchars .pdf · Title : Font Size 14 points and line spacing 1.0 Author(s) : Size 12' points](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/5f8ada1c0f65ba501b6fbd7f/untitled-1-associatio-associatio-brouchars-pdf-title-font-size-14-points.jpg)
