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Transcript of LINE Full Report
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FULL REPORT | JANUARY 2013
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction................................................................................................2
TheLINECommission............................................................................... 3
IdahoandNuclearEnergy................................................................................ 5
IdahoNationalLaboratory...........................................................................5
INLResearchMission.............................................................................. 5
INLCleanup.........................................................................................8
RemainingChallengesforINLCleanup......................................................12
OtherPublicSafetyandSecurityConsiderationsforINLSite...............................16
PrivateNuclear-EnergyCompanies............................................................18
UniversityPrograms..................................................................................18
IdahoStateUniversity.............................................................................19
BoiseStateUniversity.............................................................................19
UniversityofIdaho............................................................................... 20
ALookAhead–OpportunitiesforIdaho........................................................... 22
NuclearEnergyOutlookintheU.S.............................................................. 23
OpportunitiesforIdaho............................................................................ 25
INL.................................................................................................. 25
IdahoUniversities................................................................................. 25
CommercialNuclearFirms..................................................................... 27
CommissionRecommendations.......................................................................31
ContinuetoWorkCooperativelywiththeU.S.DepartmentofEnergyandOther ImpactedStatestoAddressRemainingEnvironmentalRisksattheINLSite............. 32
ExerciseLeadershipastheU.S.FormulatesFederalEnergyandNuclearWaste ManagementPolicies................................................................................ 35
CapitalizeonIdaho’sNuclearTechnologyCompetenciesbySupportingtheGrowthof ExistingNuclearBusinesses,theCorrespondingInfrastructure,andtheAttractionof NewNuclearBusinesses............................................................................. 36
InvestinInfrastructuretoEnableINLandIdahoUniversitiestoSuccessfullyCompete forU.S.andGlobalResearchOpportunities................................................... 37
DevelopandPromotetheCenterforAdvancedEnergyStudiesasaRegional,National andGlobalResourceforNuclearEnergyResearch............................................ 39
StrengthenandExpandNuclearEducationandWorkforceTrainingOfferings......... 39
SummaryofRecommendedActions.............................................................. 40
APPENDIXI:CommissionCharterandRoster................................................... 42
APPENDIXII:SubcommitteeScope................................................................ 44
OrganizationoftheLINECommission’sSubcommittees................................... 44
SafetyandEnvironment............................................................................ 44
Technology:Current&Future.................................................................... 44
EducationandWorkforce........................................................................... 45
Infrastructure......................................................................................... 45
NationalandGlobalLandscape................................................................... 46
APPENDIXIII:LINECommissionMeetingScheduleandAgendas.......................... 47
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America’snuclearenterprisehasdeeprootsintheStateofIdaho.
Theserootsstretchbacktothelate1940swhen,intheaftermathofWorldWarII,the
U.S.AtomicEnergyCommissionbegansearchingforasitetohostaNationalReactor
TestingStation(NRTS).TheNRTSwastoserveasatest-bedfortheemergingconceptof
nuclear-generatedelectricity.In1949theAECselectedaformernavalgunneryrangeand
adjoiningpropertywestofIdahoFalls–about890squaremilesinall–toserveasthesitefortheNRTS.Bylate1951,Experimental
BreederReactor-1attheNRTSbecame
therstpowerplanttoproduceelectricity
usingatomicenergyandin1955,nearby
Arco,Idahobecametherstcommunity
litbynuclearpower.
Overtheyears,morethan50experimentalnuclearreactors,anuclearfuelreprocessing
plant,scoresofresearchfacilities,andseveralnuclearwastemanagementanddisposalfacilities
werebuiltonthesiteofwhatisnowknownastheIdahoNationalLaboratory(INL).Mostof
thereactorsandtheoriginalreprocessing
planthavelongbeenshutdown–andare
beingcleanedup–butINLisstillhostto
someofthemostcapablenuclearenergy
research,developmentanddemonstration
infrastructureintheworld,includingthree
operatingresearchreactorsandseveral
facilitiesforthehandling,examinationand
processingofradioactivematerials.
In 1955, the city of Arco, Idaho
became the rst community
lit by nuclear power.
INTRODUCTION
Aerial view of EBR-I faci
The Hot Fuel Examination Facility at MFC
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Today,INLalsoremainsimportantasamajordriver
oflocalandstatewideeconomicactivity.Accordingtoa
studyconductedbyBoiseStateUniversityin2010,INL
isresponsiblefor24,000directandindirectjobsin
Idaho—or3.5percentofthestate’soverallemployment.1
ThesamestudyestimatedthatINL’stotalcontribution
totheIdahoeconomyexceeds$3.5billiononanannual
basis.INL’spresencehaspromptedseveralleadingprivate
companiesinvolvedinnucleartechnologyandservicesto
locateoperationsinthestate;inaddition,Idaho’smajor
universitieshavewell-respectedprogramsinnuclear
engineeringandrelatedelds.
Despitethislonghistory,andtheconsiderableinstitutional,
educational,andinfrastructureassetsthatexisttosupport
thenuclearenergyindustryinIdaho,thefutureofINL
andofthebroadernuclearenterprise—inIdahoandelsewhere—isuncertain.Anumberoffactorsaccountfor
thisuncertainty:
• Increasingpressureonfederalbudgets.
• Reducedinterestinbuildingnewnuclearplantsinthe
UnitedStatesasaresultoflownaturalgaspricesandpost-
Fukushimasafetyconcerns.
• Effortsbyotherstatestoestablishcompetenciesthatwill
competewithINL.
• ThedecisiontowithdrawtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy’s
licenseapplicationforageologicrepositoryatYucca
MountaininNevada,whichleavesspentnuclearfueland
high-levelwasteattheINLsitewithnoplacetogofor
permanentdisposal.
THE LINE COMMISSION:
A GOERNOR’S FORESIGHT
RecognizingthatIdahohasamajorstrategicandeconomic
interestinmaintainingINL’sleadershiproleandinhelping
thenuclearenergyindustrysuccessfullymeetthesebroader
challenges,IdahogovernorC.L.“Butch”OtterestablishedtheLeadershipinNuclearEnergyor“LINE”Commissionin
February2012.
TheGovernorrecognizedthatrecentnationaldevelopments
inthenuclearenergysectorwillcausetheStateofIdahoto
faceimportantchoicesinthefutureandthatheneededto
understandthebestoptionsavailable.
1http://cobe.boisestate.edu/les/2010/12/Impacts_Brochure-Web1.pdf
Inside view of Yucca Mountain
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ConsistentwiththedirectionoutlinedinGovernorOtter’s
executiveorder[seeAppendixI],theCommissionfocused
onthreeissuesofimmediateimportancetothefutureofthe
nuclearenergyindustriessectorinIdaho:
• EnsuringthattheuniqueresearchcapabilitiesofINLcontinuetoplayanimportantroleinsupportingIdaho’seconomic
growthandthenation’senergysecuritygoingforward.
• ProtectingtheenvironmentofIdahoandthehealthofits
citizensbycompletingacomprehensivecleanupoftheINL
siteandworkingforthesafemanagementandpermanent
dispositionofallnuclearlegacymaterialsandwastes
currentlyinIdaho.
• Buildingthetechnological,infrastructure,andworkforce
assetsneededtopositionIdahoasamajorplayerinfuture
domesticandglobalmarketsforreliable,carbon-free
nuclearenergy.
Tothoroughlyexploretheseissuesanddevelop
recommendationsforthefullgrouptoconsider,the
Commissionestablishedsubcommitteeson:(1)safetyand
theenvironment,(2)currentandfuturetechnology,(3)
educationandworkforceneeds,(4)infrastructure,and(5)
thenationalandgloballandscapefornuclearenergymore
broadly.Thesubcommitteesaddedadditionalsubjectmatter
expertstothecommitteesandwereaskedtoanswerand
researchstrategicquestions.Thespecicquestionsposedto
eachsubcommitteearediscussedindetailinAppendixIIofthisreport.
TheLINECommissionsoughttogatherasmuchinformationas
possibleinthemostbalanced,transparent,andfocusedmanner
possible.TheCommissionwasoftheviewthatthisapproachwas
mostlikelytodojusticetothecomplex,yetsignicant,relevance
ofthenuclearindustrytotheStateofIdaho.
SpecicstepsintheCommission’sdeliberativeprocessare
outlinedbelow:
• Nationalandlocalexpertsweresought,whenpossible,on
everytopicaddressedbytheCommission.TheCommission
wasveryfortunatetoreceivesupportandexperttestimony
fromsomeofthemostknowledgeableofcialsandindustry
expertsinthenation.
• Meetingswereheldaroundthestate(inBoise,IdahoFalls,
TwinFalls,andMoscow)toensurethattheCommission
heardfromcitizensacrossallregions.
• Publicinputwascriticaltotheprocess.Timewasextendedin
eachmeetingforpubliccomment,andaLINECommission
websitewasestablishedtoencourageadditionalcommentand
toserveasarepositoryforallofthekeydocumentsassociated withtheLINECommission’swork.
• Meetingswereheldinapublicsettingand,wherepossible,
werebroadcastliveviawebstreamingormadeavailable
usingvideo-conferencingtechnologytoensuretheprocess
wasopenandtransparent.
• AProgressReportontheworkoftheCommissionandits
subcommitteeswasissuedforpublicreviewandcomment
inearlyDecember2012.TheCommissionreceived
hundredsofcommentsbytheJanuary4thcommentdate
andconsideredthoseinthepreparationofitsnalreport.Thisreportsetsforththenalrecommendationsfromthe
CommissiontotheGovernor.Readersshouldnotethatthis
reporttotheGovernorisstrictlyadvisoryinnature.The
CommissionisnotauthorizedtosetpolicyforthestateofIdaho.
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AsnotedintheIntroduction,thenuclearindustriessector–andINLinparticular–havealong-standingandextremelyimportantpresenceinIdaho’seconomy.MuchoftheLINECommission’s
workhasthereforefocusedonstrategiesforpreservingandbuildingonthislegacyatatime
ofrapidchangeanddifcultchallengesforfederally-fundedresearch,thefederalnuclear
IDAHO AND NUCLEAR ENERGY
wastemanagementprogramandforcommercialnucleardevelopmentalike.Thissection
reviewsthethreemaintypesofnuclear-relatedactivitiesandassetsthatcurrentlyexistinthestate:INL,privatecompanies,anduniversityandcollegeprograms.
IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY:
THE NATION’S LEAD NUCLEAR ENERGY LABORATORY
IdahoNationalLaboratoryisthenation’sagship
researchfacilityfornuclearenergy.Inoperation
since1949,thefacilitywasdeclaredanational
laboratoryinthe1970s.Overtimeitcametohost
theworld’slargestconcentrationofnuclearresearch
reactors,aswellastheresearchteamsthatdevelopedtheworld’srstnuclear-poweredsubmarinereactorandtrainingprogramsforthousands
ofsailorsservingonnuclear-poweredvesselsintheU.S.Navy.
Sinceitsreorganizationin2005,IdahoNationalLaboratoryhasbeenthenation’s
leadingfacilityfornuclearenergyresearch,development,anddemonstration.Today,
INLisoneoftenmulti-programnationallaboratories
ownedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE).The
INLsiteisalsohosttoamulti-billiondollar,decades-
longefforttoaddressenvironmentalcontaminationand
otherlegacyissuesatthesite.
INL RESEARCH MISSION
Day-to-daymanagementandoperationofINListhe
responsibilityofBattelleEnergyAlliance(BEA),which
consistsofBattelle,Babcock&Wilcox,URSCorporation,the
ElectricPowerResearchInstitute,andauniversityconsortium
whichincludesthethreeIdahoresearchuniversities.
INL cyber security teams a
considered among the bes
the nation.
Aerial view of Advanced
Test Reactor Complex
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• Effortstoadvancenuclearoperations,includingallaspects
ofthemanagementandrecyclingofspentnuclearfuel;
• Thedevelopmentandvalidationofadvancedfuelsand
materialsperformance,computermodelsandsimulations;and
•Thedevelopmentofnewfuels,
materialsandreactortechnologies.
Althoughnuclearenergyremains
itsprimaryresearchfocus,INLalso
conductsworkonrenewableenergy
systemsanddevelopsinnovative
technologiesintheareasofnationalandhomelandsecurity.
Examplesincludeworkon“hybrid”energysystemsthatintegrate
Asnotedintheintroduction,three
researchreactorsarecurrentlystill
operatingatINL.Foremostisthe
AdvancedTestReactor(ATR),
whichhasbeennamedaDOE
NationalScienticUserFacilityand
isgloballyrecognizedforitsunique
capabilitiesandabilitytoperform
advancedfuelstudies.
Afourthreactor—theTransient
ReactorTestFacilityor“TREAT”—
isunderconsiderationforrestart.Consistentwithitsmission
todevelopadvancednucleartechnologiesthatcanprovide
clean,abundant,affordableandreliableenergytotheUnited
Statesandtheworld,INL’songoingnuclear-relatedactivities
includethefollowing:
• Extensiveworkonnuclearsafety;
• Closecollaborationwithindustry
andtheU.S.NuclearRegulatory
Commission;
• Advancedanalysisofradiation
effectsonmaterialsforcommercialandgovernmentusers
intheU.S.andabroad;
INL teams helped develop the
nuclear power system powering
the Curiosity rover on Mars.
Researchers explore using nuclear-
generated heat to produce hydrogen
Idaho
INL
Advanced TestReactor Complex
Research andEducation Campus
Materials andFuels Complex
13-50031-01
FIGURE 1 - Map of INL
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Advanced Test Reactor, TREAT, and Supporting Facilities
One of INL’s foremost research facilities is the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR), which is globally recognized for its unique capabilities and ability to perform advanced fuel studies. As a DOE
National Scientic User Facility, the ATR attracts researchers from leading universities, industrial rms and research institutions all around the world who use ATR and supporting facilities
– particularly the Hot Fuel Examination Facility and other post-irradiation examination facilities. In addition, DOE is considering whether to restart the TREAT reactor, which is designed
to test the safety and performance of advanced nuclear fuels. The TREAT reactor has been maintained in standby mode since the 1990s; researchers believe it could be used to accelerate
progress toward safer and more efcient fuels for nuclear power generation.
Idaho Cleanup Project
This project is focused on removing and safely containing the early nuclear waste generated by DOE activities and World War II-era conventional weapons
testing. The 10-year, $4 billion cleanup project, funded through the DOE’s Office of Environmental Management, focuses on reducing risks to the public and the
environment. One of its key priorities is to protect the Snake River Plain Aquifer, which is the sole source of drinking water for more than 300,000 residents of
eastern and southern Idaho.
When the Idaho Cleanup Project contract was signed in 2005, t he scope of work was extremely broad, and included tasks such as the demolition of old research
facilities, the movement of spent fuel from pools into dry storage, and the exhumation of certain buried wastes. Today, some challenges remain (discussed later
in report), but the vast majority of these t asks have been successfully completed — in most cases on schedule and under budget. Hence the Cleanup Project is
generally viewed as a resounding success.
The Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project (AMWTP)
This project is focused on the retrieval, characterization, treatment, and repackaging of transuranic waste currently stored at the INL site. (Note that transuranic waste in
this context consists of the gloves, tools, clothing and other, primarily plutonium contaminated items, generated in U.S. nuclear facilities during the Cold War.) The vast
majority of the waste processed at AMWTP was shipped to Idaho for storage in the 1970s and early 1980s and resulted from the manufacture of nuclear components at
Colorado’s Rocky Flats Plant. Cleanup efforts have been very successful and are expected to be complete in 2015. The AMWTP facility is a unique national asset and could
potentially be deployed as a strategic resource — for example, to sort, characterize, and repackage similar mixed waste at other DOE sites.
The Naval Reactors Facility
The Naval Reactors Facility examines and stores naval spent nuclear fuel and irradiated test specimens. Data derived from these examinations are used to develop
new technology and improve the cost-effectiveness of existing designs, making it possible to dramatically increase the lifetime of naval reactor fuel cores. The
Naval Reactors Facility supports the joint DOE/Department of Defense Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program.
MAjOR NUCLEAR FACILITIES AND PROjECTS AT INL
nuclearenergywithbio-andfossil-energysystems,aswellas
electric-vehiclebatteries,advancedbiomass,andtechnologies
forhydrogenproduction.INLeffortsintheareaofnational
andhomelandsecurityhaveincludedthemanufactureof
heavyarmorformilitarycombatvehicles,thedevelopment
andtestingofdevicesfordetectingnuclearmaterials,
wirelesscommunications,gridreliabilityandsecurity,and
thedevelopmentofsoftwareandhardwaretoprotectcritical
nationalinfrastructurefromcyberattack(infact,INL’scyber-
securityteamsareinternationallyrecognizedandconsidered
amongthebestinthenation).Inaddition,INLtrainsrst
respondersinthehandlingofradiologicalincidents.
Withmorethan3,900scientists,engineersandsupport
personnelandanannualbudgetinexcessof$800millionper
year,INLisoneofthelargestemployersinIdahoandamajor
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INL CLEANUP
Thelast20yearshaveseensignicantimprovementsinthe
safetyandperformanceofnuclearenergysystems,including
improvementsinthetechnologiesandmethodsavailable
forsafelymanaginganddisposingofnuclearmaterialsand
wastes.Fromthe1950sthroughtheearly1980s,however,
theenvironmentalimpactsofnuclearoperationsandwastedisposalpracticesatINLandatotherDOEsitesdidnotreceive
muchattention,asidefromtheoccasionalheadline-grabbing
storylikethetragicSL-1reactoraccidentin1961which
claimedthelivesofthreereactoroperators.
Thisbegantochangeinthe1990s,when
concernsaroseovertheSnakeRiverPlain
Aquifer,whichliesdirectlybelowINLand
isanimportantwatersourceforeasternand
southcentralIdaho.Pastpracticessuchastheuseofaformer
watersupplywellasaninjectionwelltodisposeofsolventsand
otherwastes,aswellaspipesandvalvesthatleakedradioactiveliquidandcontaminatedmaterialfromRockyFlats,Colorado
thathadbeenburiedattheINLsite,wereallseenaspotential
sourcesofcontaminationthatcouldaffecttheaquifer.
ConcernedaboutthreatstotheSnakeRiverPlainAquiferand
otherenvironmentalimpacts,IdahoGovernorCecilAndrus
beganaggressivelyadvocatingforcleanupoftheINLsite,
rstwiththeAtomicEnergyCommissionandlaterwiththe
U.S.DepartmentofEnergy.Hisleadership,andthatofhis
successor,GovernorPhilBatt,ledtoalandmarkagreement —reachedinOctober1995—betweentheStateofIdaho,
theU.S.Navy,andtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergytosettle
alawsuitthathadbeenledbythestatetopreventfurther
shipmentsofspentnuclearfueltoINLforstorage. 4The
lawsuitstemmedfromdecadesoffrustrationoverthefederal
government’sfailuretomakeandkeepcommitmentstothe
peopleofIdahoforthecleanupofwhatisnowtheINLsite.
Keyprovisionsoftheagreement,whichisoftencalledtheBatt
AgreementortheSettlementAgreement,includethefollowing:
• TheStateofIdahowillallowatotalof1,135shipmentsofspent
fueltocometoINLforinterimstorageovera40-yearperiod.
Ofthoseshipments,575willcomefromtheU.S.Navy.
TherestwillcomefromotherDOEsites,foreignresearch
reactors,universityreactorsandaspeciedamountfrom
privatecompaniesdirectlysupportingDOER&Dactivities.
• DOEwillremoveallspentnuclearfuelfromIdahonolater
than2035.
• DOEwilltreatallhigh-levelwasteattheINL(including
calcinewaste),inpreparationfornaldisposalelsewhere,
byatargetdateof2035.
• DOEwilltreattransuranicandalpha-contaminatedmixed
wastenowlocatedatINL.Alltransuranicwastewillbe
removedfromIdahonolaterthanDecember31,2018.
• Allspentfuelinwetstoragewillbeplacedindrystorageby
December31,2023anddrystoragefacilitieswillbeplaced,
totheextenttechnicallyfeasible,atapointnotabovetheSnakeRiverPlainAquifer.
• INLwillbecometheleadlaboratoryforDOE’sspentfuel
managementprogramandDOE’sIdahoOfcewillbe
Leadership from Governor Andrus and Governor Batt
created the Settlement Agreement. Signed in 1995.
2BEAProcurement–AssetSuitereportingsystem
3 Accordingtothe2010BoiseStateUniversitystudynotedintheintroduction,INLgenerateswagesandsalariestotaling$419millionandaccountsformorethan6percentofallIdahotaxrevenues.Forsource,seefootnote
4IdahoDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,http://www.deq.idaho.gov/inl-oversight/oversight-agreements/1995-settlement-agreement.aspx
driveroflocalandstatewideeconomicactivity.Since2005,the
laboratoryhasawardedsubcontractsthroughoutIdahoworth
$886million,including$535millionineasternIdaho,$162
millionintheTreasureValleyand$52millioninnorthern
Idaho.2Duringthesameperiod,otherDOEcontractors
workingattheINLsitehaveissuedsubcontractsworthhundredsofmillionsofdollarsmore. 3Figure1showsthelocationand
mainfacilitiesofINL;someofitsmostimportant,current
nuclear-relatedactivitiesaresummarizedinthetextbox.
Early-day defense waste disposal
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responsiblefordirectingtheresearch,development,and
testingoftreatment,shipmentanddisposaltechnologies
forallDOEspentfuel.
• IfDOEfailstoremoveallspentfuelby2035,DOEshall
pay$60,000perdayforeachdaythisrequirementisnot
met.IfDOEfailstomeetanyoftheagreementmilestones
atanypoint,DOEshallsuspendanyfurtherspentfuel
shipmentstoINLunlessthecourtsdeterminethatthe
obligationhasbeensatised.
• Thefederalgovernmentisfurtherrequiredtoconvert
allhighlyradioactiveliquidwastescurrentlystoredin
undergroundtanksatINLtoamorestabledryform.
Withthedefeatofa1996ballotinitiativethatattempted
toundotheSettlementAgreement[seetextboxbelow],
Idahobecametheonlystateinthenationwithacourtorder
mandatingthatfederalnuclearwasteleavestateboundaries
byaspecicdate.Eventoday,nootherstateinthenation
hassuchalegallybindingcommitment.TheSettlement
Agreementandthewaythatithastransformedthestate-
federalrelationshipbetweenIdahoandDOE–fromone
basedonmistrusttoonebasedonpartnership–representa
trueparadigmshift.
Forexample,DOE’ssuccessinmeetingmostSettlement
AgreementmilestoneshasmadeitpossibleforDOEto
continueshippingspentnuclearfueltoIdahoforstorage,5andhascreatedanenvironmentinwhichtheStateofIdaho
FIGURE 2 - Text of 1996 Referendum on the Settlement Agreement
In 1996, a citizens’ group called “Stop the Shipments” put an initiative on the state-wide ballot to nullify Governor Batt’s 1995 Settlement Agreement. Proponents
of the initiative argued that, “Any agreement to accept and store nuclear waste in Idaho must be approved by the legislature and by a vote of the people.”
However, the initiative was soundly defeated, with 62.5 percent of Idaho voters rejecting this effort to undo the Settlement Agreement.
Following is the text of the ballot initiative from the 1996 Referendum on the Settlement Agreement
G e n e r a l E l e c t i o n • N o v e m b e r 5 , 1 9 9 6PROPOSITION THREE
INITIATIVE REQUIRING LEGISLATIVE AND VOTER APPROVAL OF AGREEMENTS FOR THE RECEIPT OF ADDITIONAL RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND NULLIFYING PRIOR AGREEMENT.
Initiative proposing new sections of Idaho law limiting the authority of state officials to enter into agreements for the receipt and storage of additional
radioactive waste in Idaho. The initiative would require that any such agreement must be approved by the state legislature, and by the voters at the
next biennial election before becoming effective. The initiative would nullify the prior agreement entered into by the State of Idaho and the federal
government regarding receipt of radioactive waste, and would require that the Attorney General of the State of Idaho file a motion under the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure to set aside or vacate the federal court order which implemented the agreement. The initiative also defines certain terms used
in the initiative. The initiative further provides that nothing in the initiative would limit the authority of the governor or the attorney general under
the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) or the Fede ral Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act
(“CERCLA”). The initiative contains a severability clause.
1996 REFERENDUM ON THE SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
5Sofar,theNavyhasshipped216canistersofspentfuelandINLhasreceivedmorethan75shipmentsofspentfuelundertheSettlementAgreement.TheagreementalsoallowssmallquantitiesofcommercialreactorfueltobeshippedintoIdahoforresearchpurposes.
Simulated calcine showing volume
reduction from liquid state
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hasconcludedthatitisinthestate’sbestinteresttoexercise
someoftheexibilitybuiltintotheagreementasitpertains
tocommercialnuclearfuelshipments.Inaddition,two
modicationstotheSettlementAgreementhaveallowed
Navyoperationstocontinuebeyond2035andhaveclaried
whatismeantbytheremovalof“all”transuranicwaste.In
sum,theSettlementAgreementcontinuestoprovidetheframeworkforcommitmentsbythefederalgovernment
thatmustbemettoprotectthestate.Atthesametimethe
agreementhasprovidedthefederalgovernmentwithenough
certaintytoenableDOEandtheU.S.Navytocontinue
investingsubstantialresourcesinIdaho.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
652 items
652
May 2005 September 2012
3,186 units
3,186
900,000 gallons
11 tanks
11
37,874 cubic meters
37, 8745,083 cubic meters
5,083
216 shipments
216
171 facilities/structures
171
2.55 acres
2.55
120 sites
120
68 systems
68
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓*
**†
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Disposition nuclearmaterial items
Transfer spent nuclear fuelfrom wet to dry storage
Treat sodium-bearing waste*
Close liquid waste tanks(grouted)
Disposition low-level andmixed low-level waste
Ship contact-handledtransuranic waste osite
Ship remote-handledtransuranic wast osite
Demolish/dispositionfacilities and structures†
Exhume targeted waste inSubsurface Disposal Area**
Remediate contaminatedenvironmental sites
Close hazardous wastetank systems
$2.5 million under budget
On schedule
First closures in complexunder DOE order 435.1
Through eciencies,generated less wastethan planned
9 months ahead of schedule,$4 million under budget
1 year ahead of schedule,$311 million under budget
1 year ahead of schedule$31 million under budget
Ahead of schedule,$67.5 million under budget
Ahead of schedule,$4.3 million under budget
Cu mu lat ive pro gre ss thr ou gh Se pt . 3 0, 201 2 Pl an ne d pro gre ss th rou gh Se pt . 30 201 2
Sodium-bearing waste treatment facility
conducting facility startup testing
Scope complete
Total facilities/structures demolished ( Target/Bridge/ARRA) 221
Source: CWI
Cleanup milestones met by CWI
Total Pit Area Exhumed (Target/Bridge/ARRA) 3.10 acres
31, 497
13-50031-02
Cleanup at INL: A Success Story
Byanyreasonablemeasure,theefforttocleanuplegacy
nuclearwasteatINLhasbeen,andcontinuestobe,a
signicantsuccessstory.Forexample,theIdahositeleads
thenationinshipmentsoftransuranicwastetotheWaste
IsolationPilotPlant(WIPP)inNewMexico.AsofAugust
1,2012,INLanditstwoprimarycleanupcontractorshaveshippedmorethan53,000cubicmetersofwastetoWIPP
forpermanentdisposalandtheyareontargettobeat
theSettlementAgreement’s2018deadlinetoremoveall
transuranicwastefromthesitebyasignicantmargin.
FIGURE 3 – Clean milestone met by CWI; Source: CWI
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Inall,959ofthe964
enforceablemilestones
establishedunderthe1995
SettlementAgreement
andotherlegalagreements
betweentheStateofIdaho
andDOEhavebeen
completedtodate.Fourof
themilestonesmissedthusfar
wereeitherrenegotiatedor
rescheduledwhilethefth,
involvingIWTU,isdiscussed
elsewhereinthisreport.
INL’scleanupcontractor
hasalsomadetremendous
progressinthedemolitionofunusedandcontaminated
facilitiesandsignicantly
reducedINL’sfootprinton
theIdahodesert.
Since2005,morethan
200buildingsandstructuresofvarioussizes,encompassing
morethantwomillionsquarefeet,havebeendemolished.
Becausesomeofthesestructureswerehighlycontaminated,the
processesrequiredtoremovethemwereextremelycomplex.
Inaddition,thecleanupcontractorhassuccessfullyclosedsevenoftheeleven300,000gallontanksthatheldhigh-level
liquidwastesatINL.Closureoftheremainingfourtanks
willbecompletedoncetheIntegratedWasteTreatmentUnit
beginsoperations.
Mostimportantly,apresentationtotheLINECommission
bytheIdahoDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality(DEQ)conrmedthatcontaminationinthegroundwater
underneaththeINLsiteisdeclining.Thisencouragingtrend
pointstothesuccessoftheCleanupProject.
ResearchersfromtheU.S.GeologicalSurvey,theState
ofIdaho,theEnvironmentalScienceandResearch
Foundation,andotherinstitutionswillcontinueto
monitorforcontaminantsandtheirtransportthrough
theaquifertoassurethesafetyofthiscriticalwater
resource.Thislong-termmonitoringwillbeimportantto
ensurethatremainingcleanupactivitiessucceedinfully
containinganddisposingofthelegacywastefromthepast.
Tosustainthecurrentpaceofprogressitwillbeimportant
fortheStateofIdahoandtheIdahoCongressional
DelegationtoworkcloselywithDOEandthePresident’s
OfceofManagementandBudget(OMB)tomaintain
aconsistentleveloffundingsufcienttoexpeditiously
completeremainingcleanupprioritiesattheINLsite.
FIGURE 4 – Groundwater Sampling Locations by INL Oversight Program; Source: Idaho DEQ
Waste disposal practice from the 1960s
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REMAINING CHALLENGES FOR INL CLEANUP
DespitethetremendousprogressofINLcleanupefforts
todate,theLINECommissionisfullyawarethatsomechallengesremain.Twokeyissues,inparticular,arebeing
addressedbythestateandDOE:thedisposalofremaining
liquidwasteandtheultimatedispositionofcalcinewaste.
Eachissueisimportanttounderstand.
Withregardtothedisposalofliquidwaste,theSettlement
AgreementrequiredDOEtohavetreatedallremainingliquid
wasteinundergroundtanksbytheendof2012.Overthepast
severalyearsafacilityknownastheIntegratedWasteTreatment
Unit(IWTU)wasconstructedtoaccomplishthis,butduring
startuptestingcriticalIWTUequipmentexperiencedtechnical
difculties.Thishasdelayedthescheduledtreatmentofliquid
wastes,promptingDOEtonotifytheStateofIdahothatit
willmissaSettlementAgreementmilestone.Effortsarebeing
madetoremedythesituationandDOEplanstocompletethe
wastetreatmentassoonaspossiblewhileadequatelyprotecting
workersandthepublic.Meanwhile,theGovernorandstate
DEQarecarefullymonitoringthesituationtoensurethat
Idaho’srightsandinterestsareprotected.
The State of Idaho, DOE, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission have adopted regulations and requirements
designed to protect public health and the environment during nuclear energy related operations. In 1989, concerns over the environmental impacts of INLoperations led the Idaho Legislature to establish a comprehensive, site-specific state oversight program to independently assess INL’s environmental impacts.
In 1990, Idaho became the first state in the nation to negotiate an agreement with DOE to provide funding for the independent monitoring and oversight of a
DOE facility. This work is now being carried out by the state DEQ’s INL Oversight Program. As part of that program, “staff regularly visit the INL site, review and
comment on DOE planning and decision-making documents, and keep up-to-date on how facilities are managed.”
According to DEQ, “the INL Oversight Program also tracks inventories of various types of nuclear waste at the INL and how they are handled. Information
gathered through oversight activities helps determine where monitoring should be focused and may also be used to guide emergency planning efforts.”
In addition, state authorities also play several important roles in overseeing the transport of nuclear materials and waste and in assuring preparedness for
emergency response. The transport of nuclear materials and waste is expected to continue as part of normal INL operations, and may even expand as private
nuclear-energy companies conduct work at INL or elsewhere. The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes also participate in oversight of radioactive waste shipments through
the Fort Hall Reservation along I-15 southeast of the INL, as p art of a tribal/DOE program to conduct oversight and monitoring of DOE activities at the INL site.
Shoshone-Bannock/DOE cooperation also includes a Cultural Resources/Heritage Tribal Office, formed when the Tribes entered into a cooperative agreement
with the DOE Idaho Operations Office in 1992. The INL site is located on Shoshone-Bannock aboriginal lands, and the goal of the Cultural Resources program is to
protect and monitor tribal cultural resources on INL lands as well as aboriginal use areas. This is accomplished with regular site visits, monitoring, participation
in archeological surveys and when necessary, data recovery. The program also oversees cultural resources projects on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation and works
with other federal, state and private agencies to ensure compliance with cultural resources laws and protection of the Tribes’ cultural properties.
STATE AND TRIBAL OERSIGHT OF INL CLEANUP EFFORTS
Withregardtocalcinewaste,theSettlementAgreementalso
requiresthatthistypeofwastebetreatedsothatitisready
tobeshippedfromIdahobyatargetdateofDecember
31,2035.Calcinewasteiscreatedbytheconversionof
radioactiveliquidwaste;itisadrygranularmaterial,much
likelaundrydetergent.Theconversiontodrymaterial
stabilizesthewasteandreducesthecontaminationrisk
forfuturestorage.Today,calcinewasteisstoredatINL
inlargestainlesssteelandconcretesilos.Thewasteinits
currentformandstoragecongurationisstableandcreates
The Integrated Waste Treatment Unit
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2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037 2039 2041 2043 2045 2047 2049
2050204820462044204220402038203620342032203020282026202420222020201820162014201220102008
Idaho SettlementAgreement
Note: TRU received from another state for treatment at the INL shall be shippedoutside of Idaho for storage or disposal within six months following treatment
DOE Strategy for Management and Disposal of
Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste
13-50031-04
2009
Issue recordof decisionfor scheduleto completetreatmentof calcinewaste at
INL
(2012)
RCRA Part B submitted for calcined waste(dependent upon the decision to allow direct disposalor require additional treatment)
2021
Pilot interim storage facility sited, designed,licensed, constructed and open for operation
2025*
Large interim storage facility begins operation
2026
Repository sited
2042
Repositorycharacterized,designed andlicensed
2048*
Repositoryconstructedand open foroperation
* Potentially more than one
2013 - 2014
Complete calcination of Na-bearing liquid high-level waste by May 2014.(IWTU startup July 2013 – 10 month run complete May 2014)
2015Target: All TRU waste will be removed from the State
2018
Deadline: Remove all TRU waste from State
2023
All spent fuel will be placed indry storage by 12-31-23
2035
Treat all high-level waste at INL in preparation for final disposal
elsewhere. All spent nuclear fuel to be removed from the State(or a $60K/day fine)
Note: This includes all Naval & TMI fuelNote: Spent fuel being maintained for testing is exemptNote: If deadlines are missed and further shipments coming to Idaho may be stopped
verylittlecontaminationrisk.However,theSettlement
AgreementdirectsDOEtotreatthecalcinesothatitis
readyforshipmentoutsideofIdaho.ARCRAPartBpermitapplicationforcalcinetreatmentwassubmittedbytothe
StateofIdahoinDecember2012.Considerablecostswillbe
incurredtopreparethecalcinewastefordisposal.
Fundingisanotherongoingchallengeforeffortsto
completeINLcleanup.TheSettlementAgreementgives
thestateimportantleverageinthisarea,butwhileDOEis
requiredtorequestadequate
fundingtomeetitswaste
cleanupobligations,thereis
noguaranteethatCongress will appropriatetherequested
funds.Idaho’sCongressional
Delegationhasplayed–and
mustcontinuetoplay–avery
criticalroleinaggressively
securingthenecessaryfunding
forINLcleanupandother
operations.Withthesignificant
budgetchallengesthatnow
existatthefederallevel,there
areloomingconcernsthatfuturefundingcouldbein
jeopardy. Ina ddition,Idaho
islikelytobecompetingwith
otherstatesthatlikewiseneed
tosecurefederalfundsfor
theirowncleanupprograms.
Finally,oneofthemostsignicantchallengesthathas
emergedintermsofcompletingINLcleanupandmeeting
therequirementsoftheBattAgreementstemsfromthe
ObamaAdministration’sdecisiontoterminateworkona
plannedgeologicrepositoryforhigh-levelradioactivewaste
andspentnuclearfuelatYuccaMountaininNevada.Rather
thanproceedwithdevelopingarepositoryatYuccaMountain,
DOErecentlyreleasedaplantoimplementanuclearwaste
managementprogramoverthenext10yearsthat:
• Sites,designsandlicenses,constructsandbegins
operationsofapilotinterimstoragefacilityby2021with
aninitialfocusonacceptingusednuclearfuelfromshut-
downreactorsites;
• Advancestowardthesitingandlicensingofalargerinterim
storagefacilitytobeavailableby2025thatwillhavesufcient
capacitytoprovideexibilityinthewastemanagement
systemandallowsforacceptanceofenoughusednuclearfuel
toreduceexpectedgovernmentliabilities;and
• Makesdemonstrableprogressonthesitingand
characterizationofrepositorysitestofacilitatetheavailability
ofageologicrepositoryby2048.TheAdministration’sgoal
istohavearepositorysitedby2026;thesitecharacterized,
Aerial view of Yucca Mountain
FIGURE 5 - Spent fuel and HLW milestones
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andtherepositorydesignedandlicensedby2042;andthe
repositoryconstructedanditsoperationsstartedby2048. 6
Ofcourse,theDOEplanhasnotbeenacceptedbyCongress
andwillrequiremajorlegislativechangestoimplement.
Atpresent,withnofacilityunderdevelopmentthatcould
disposeofIdaho’sspentfuelandhigh-levelwasteandno
storagefacilitiesbeing
developedoutsideof
Idahothathaveamission
toacceptspentfueland
high-levelwastestoredon
theINLsite,itishardto
seehowtheBattAgreement’s2035deadlineformovingthese
typesofmaterialsoutofIdahocanbemet.Figure5shows
howthedatesintheDOEplancomparewithkeymilestone
datesintheSettlementAgreement.Thechartillustratesthat
itwouldbeadvisableforthestatetoplanaheadforthenear
certaintythatthefederalgovernmentwillnotbeabletomeet
itslonger-termcommitmentsundertheAgreement.
Ofcourse,thecurrentlackofprogresstowardapermanent
disposalsolutionforspentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelwaste
hasimplications,notjustforIdahobutforthefutureofthe
nuclearenergyindustryintheUnitedStatesmorebroadly.
Wereturntotheselargerwastemanagementchallenges
andtheirimplicationsinthenext
section.
TheLINECommissionbelievesitis
importanttounderstandthatnotall
sourcesofnuclearwasteposeasimilar
threattotheenvironment.AtINL,
theremovalanddisposalofburiedtransuranicwasteandliquid
tankwasteshasbeenthehighestpriorityforfederalfunding
becausethesetypesofwasteposesignicantlymorerisktothe
environment.Asdiscussedbelow,calcineandspentnuclear
fuel,bycontrast,arefarmorestableandbettercontainedin
theircurrentstoragecongurationsandposelittletonoriskto
theenvironment.
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES HAE
MARKEDLY IMPROED
Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetorefertoseveralverydifferent
radioactivematerialsas“waste.”Thatterminologylumps
togetherradioactivematerialthathasnofuturevalueorusewith
usednuclearfuelthathasnocurrentusebutcouldpotentially
beutilizedinthefuture.Eventheveryvaluableusednuclearfuel
withwhichINLconductsresearchanddevelopmentworkisoften
referredtoas“waste”inthepublicdialogue.
First,thereisadramaticdifferencebetweennuclearwaste
beingdisposed ofversusstored.
Nuclear Waste Disposal: Representsapermanentplacement
ofnuclearwastewithnointentionofeverretrievingthe
material.Themostwellknownmoderndisposalsiteisthe
WasteIsolationPilotPlant(WIPP)inNewMexico.There,in
naturalsaltbeds,transuranicnuclearwasteispermanently
disposedofwithnoexpectationoffutureretrieval.
Additionally,privateandDOEfacilitiesexistacrosstheU.S.
forthedisposaloflow-levelradioactivewastes.
Permanent Nuclear Repository: Representsapermanent
disposalsiteforDOEspentfuelandhigh-levelwasteand
forspentnuclearfuelfromcommercialreactors.Yucca
MountainwasselectedbyCongressin1987tohosta
permanentrepository;unlesstheYuccaMountainprojectis
resurrectedthenationhasnoidentiedrepositorysite.
Spent Fuel Storage: Representsthetemporary,andlikely
long-term,storageofspentnuclearfuel.Thesefacilities
–bothspentfuelpoolsanddry
storagecasks–arelocatedacrossthe
nationandaredesignedwithrobust
technologythatenablessafestorage
thatcanbeutilizedfordecades
andlonger.Currentfuelstorage
capabilitiesallowforfutureretrievalofthespentfuel.
Idaho’s Legacy Waste: An Early Dumping Ground
Fordecades,thenation’senvironmentalstandardsfor
disposingofradioactivematerialsandchemicalwasteswere
basedonprinciplesofisolation,dilutionandminimizing
exposure.Inshort,itwasviewedasconsideredacceptabletodisposeofcertainnuclearwasteindrumsandboxes,buried
intheground,inremoteareas.
Asaresultofthosepolicies,IdahoandINLbecamethe
destinationforsignicantquantitiesofwastefromRockyFlats,
aColoradofacilityfornuclearweaponscomponentproduction
Differences in waste
types are important
to understand.
There is a dramatic difference between nuclear waste disposal
and used nuclear fuel storage.
6StrategyfortheManagementandDisposalofUsedNuclearFuelandHigh-LevelRadioactiveWaste,U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,January2013
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Above: A load of debris-laden drums is emptied
into an unlined pit in 1969.
Left: Workers unload barrels of waste from
Colorado’s Rocky Flats Plant in 1961.
duringtheColdWar.Thatlow-levelwastewasdisposedofin
Idahowithvaryingdegreesofdiscipline.Intheearlydays,the
practicewastodigpitsandtrenches,dumpthewasteandthen
coveritwithdirt.Later,anasphaltpadwasconstructedand
barrelsandboxesofwastewerestackedinanticipationofbeing
movedatsomepointinthefuturetoapermanentdisposal
facilityoutsideofIdaho.
Anotheraccepteddisposalpracticeofthedaywastoinjectno
longerusefulorganicsolventsintotheground.Thatdisposal
practicehaslongsincebecomeobsoleteandhasresulted
inon-goinggroundwatermonitoringateachofthese
injectionwellsitestoverifythatmitigationofthesechemicalcontaminantsourcesiseffective.
Thephotographsaboveillustrateprevailingdisposalpractices
oftheirtime.Considerableadvancesinhazardunderstanding
andriskmitigationtechnologieshaveoccurredsincethe
1970sandtoday,INLactivitiesarebeingmanagedtonew
andmuchhigherenvironmentalstandards.To be clear, these old
disposal techniques would now be against the law!
Idaho Cleanup Proect
Asaresultof1960sand1970serapractices,Idahocurrently
carriestheburdenof“legacywaste.”AspartoftheIdahoCleanup
Project,organicmaterialsandotherwastethatposedthegreatest
risktotheaquiferarebeingremovedandsafelydisposedof.The
remainingareaswillbesafelysecuredandcapped,andthenclosely
monitoredsothatanyresidualmaterialsthatareimpracticalto
retrieveandtechnicallyacceptabletoremaininanengineered
disposalsitewillnotthreatentheaquifer.Aspreviouslynoted,the
cleanupprojectisviewedaslargelysuccessfultodate.
Current INL Waste: Dramatically Different
Today,thetechnologysurroundingnuclearenergyhas
dramaticallyadvancedtowhereriskstotheenvironmentare
signicantlylower.Advanceshaveoccurredinbothwaste
disposalandstorage.
Thefollowingisabriefsummaryofthemaintypesofnuclear
materialscurrentlypresentatINL,howtheyarestoredand
howtheyarebeing,orwillbe,disposedof.
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Low Level Waste (LLW):Lowlevelwasteconsistsof
radioactivelycontaminateditemssuchaspaper,rags,
plasticbags,orwater-treatmentresiduesresulting
fromINLactivities.Levelsofradioactivityareoften
justabovenormallevelsfoundinnature.Ifthiswaste
remainsenclosedandcontained,itcanbesafelyhandled,
shippedanddisposed.Today,wehavenolow-levelwaste
comingfromoutsidethestatefordisposalatINL.Some
radioactivematerialresultingfromresearchatINL
isdisposedofonsiteinengineeredfacilitiesthatare
designedtoisolatethematerialsandprotecttheSnake
Riveraquiferwhileotherlow-levelwastesareshippedout
ofstatefordisposal.
Liquid Waste:Thiscategoryincludesliquidwasteresulting
frompastfuelreprocessinganddecontaminationwork
atINL.Currently900,000gallonsofliquidwastearebeingsafelystoredintanksawaitingnalprocessing.This
liquidwasteishighlyradioactiveandmorechallenging
tomanageforthelongtermthansolidiedwaste.Once
solidied,thiswastewillbestoredinrobustconcreteand
steelcontainersatINLuntildisposedofinarepositoryor
facilityliketheWasteIsolationPilotPlantinNewMexico.
Calcine:Calcineisagranularmaterial,similarintextureto
drylaundrydetergent,thatresultsfromthedryingofhigh-
levelliquidwastesfromINLreprocessingactivities.Though
calcineishighlyradioactive,itisstableandcurrentlystoredin
concrete-encasedstainlesssteelbinsdesignedtobeeffectivefor500years.Itwillbedisposedofinarepositoryorina
facilityliketheWasteIsolationPilotPlantinNewMexico.
Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF):Spentorusednuclearfuel
iscomposedofthemetallicplates,rodsandrodbundles
thathavepreviouslybeenusedasfuelinanuclearreactor.
ThepropertiesofSNFmakeitstableandstraightforward
tostore.ThestorageofSNFinIdahopresentsasmall
environmentalrisk.Spentfuelthathasbeenshippedto
IdahowasneverintendedfordisposalatINL.Itisstored
byvariousmeans.Typically,spentfuelisstoredinwaterfor
coolingandshieldingpurposesforaperiodoftimeand
thenputintodrystoragecontainers.Astechnologieshave
improved,thestoragemethodsforspentfuelatINLhave
improved.Thisfuelwillbedisposedofinarepository.
Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage:
Distinctly Different than Disposal
Today,thenuclearindustrycontinuestoadvancetechnology
andstoragetechniques.Idaho,INLandtheindustryall
benetfromthesemoderntechniques.Thepicturesonthe
followingpageillustratecurrenttechnologysurrounding
themanagementofspentnuclearfuel.Anyriskstothe
environmentandsurroundingareascreatedbymodernforms
ofstoragearedramaticallylowerthantheriskscreatedbynow
prohibiteddisposaltechniquesusedinIdahopriorto1995.
Asoutlinedintheprecedingpages,thereisasignicant
differencebetweennuclearwaste disposalandspentfuelstorage.
IfIdahoweretoallownuclearwastedisposal,ourstatewould
riskbecomingthenation’snucleardumpingground.Asthe
Governorhasstated,thiswouldnotbeacceptable.
TheLINECommission,however,believesnuclearfuel
storagetechnologyenablesthestatetohavecondencein
currentmethodsofspentfuelstorageatINLwhilealso
gainingtheexperiencetoconsiderfutureopportunities
involvingspentfuelstorage.Specically,INLmayneedthe
abilitytoreceiveandstoreadditionalamountsofspentfuel
tosupportresearchinlong-termfuelstoragetechnologies.
TheLINECommissionbelievesthesewouldbereasonable
andappropriateopportunitiestoconsiderandwouldnotrisk
makingIdahoanucleardumpingground.
OTHER PUBLIC SAFETY AND SECURITY
CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE INL SITE
AconcernexpressedinpubliccommentsreceivedbytheLINE
CommissionrelatestothesafetyofnuclearwasteattheINLsite
intheeventofanearthquake.Seismicactivityhasoccurredinthe
vicinityofINL,asillustratedbythe6.9magnitudeearthquake
thatoccurrednearBorahPeakin1983.INLfacilities,while
adjacenttotheBorahPeakarea,experiencedlittledamageasa
resultofthe1983earthquake,becausetheirlocationrightatop
theSnakeRiverPlaincreatessubsurfaceandgeologicconditions
thathaveadampeningeffectongroundmotion.
TheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)continuesto
monitortheimpactofearthquakesandthepotentialriskit
createsforthesafetyofnuclearenergyfacilities.Asageneral
7Toadequatelymanageseismicrisks,NRCregulationsrequirethatstructures,systems,andcomponentsbedesignedtotakeintoaccount(1)themostseverenaturalphenomenahistoricallyreportedforthesiteandsurroundingarea(theNRCthenaddsamarginforerrortoaccountforlimitsontheavailabilityofaccuratehistoricaldata(suchastheearly1800searthquakesinthecentralU.S.thatareestimatedtohavehadmagnitudesashighas8.2);(2)appropriatecombinationsoftheeffectsofnormalandaccidentconditionswiththeeffectsofnaturalphenomena;and(3)theimportanceofthesafetyfunctionstobeperformed.
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matter,theNRChasevaluatedseismicrisksandfoundthat
alloperatingnuclearpowerplantsintheU.S.“remainsafe
andrequirenoneedforimmediateaction.” 7AtINL,seismic
activityiscontinuouslymonitoredaroundthesite.Lab
personnelacquireearthquakedatainrealtimeanduseitto
evaluateseismichazardsandsetfacility-specicdesigncriteria
toensurethesafetyofworkersandthepublicintheeventofan
earthquake.Giventheconsiderableanalysisandmonitoring
thathasoccurredandcontinuestooccur,theLINE
Commissiondoesnotviewearthquakeactivityasamaterial
threattothesafetyofnuclearwastestoredattheINLsite.
A preferred practice today is to place sufciently cooled used nuclear fuel in physically robust steel and concrete
casks that can be stored either vertically or inserted horizontally into reinforced concrete bunkers.
Inadditiontoseismicactivity,theNRCrequiresnuclear
facilities—includingreactors,fuel-cyclefacilities,andspent
fuelstorageanddisposalfacilities—tohaveconsiderable
safeguardsinplacetoprotectagainstotherformsofattack
orthreats.Requiredsafeguardsincluderegularthreat
assessments,extensivephysicalprotectionoffacilitiesand
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immediateareas,intrusiondetection,andappropriatelevels
ofresponse—includingarmedresponseifnecessary.Based
onitstoursofINLfacilitiesandinformationpresented
byINLstaff,theLINECommissionconcludesthatINL
iscarefulinevaluatingpotentialsecurityrisksandhas
demonstratedaconsistentrecordofprovidingappropriate
safeguardsforitsfacilitiesandsurroundingareas.
PRIATE NUCLEAR-ENERGY COMPANIES
WhileIdahoisnothometoacommercialnuclearpower
plant,manyIdahocompaniesstillplaysignicantrolesinthe
nuclearindustry.Thesecompaniesarenationallyrecognized
andprovideservicesrangingfromengineeringexpertiseto
advancedmanufacturingcapabilitiestoresearchinmedical
isotopes.ThepresenceofINLhasspurredandsupportedthe
growthoftheseandothernuclear-relatedbusinessesinIdaho.
DuringitspublichearingstheCommissionheardtestimony
orotherwisereceivedinputfromseveralcompaniesthatare
basedorhavesignicantoperationsinIdaho:
• Areva,aninternationalleaderintheindustry,provides
servicestoINLcontractorsandhasusedtheresearch
capabilitiesatINLforadvancednuclearfueldevelopment.
Arevahasalsoannouncedplanstoconstructamajor
uraniumenrichmentfacilityoutsideofIdahoFalls,although
theconstructionscheduleforthefacilityhasbeendelayed.
• Diversifed Metal ProductsisanIdahoFallscompanythatemploysabout100peopleandprovidesmechanical
contractingandfabricationserviceswithafocusonnuclear
applications.Itscapabilitiesincludemetalalloycomponent
engineering,fabrication,andintegrationandinstallation
ofcontrolsystemsforthenuclearindustry.
• International Isotopesandits25Idaho-basedemployees
developanddeploytechnologiesusedincancertherapy,
medicaldiagnostics,andthetransportofnuclearmaterials.
Thecompanyhasalsodevelopedanadvancedtechnology
forthebenecialre-useofwastematerialsfromthe
uraniumenrichmentprocess.InternationalIsotopes
recentlyannouncedplanstoconstructanewfacilityinNew
Mexicotocommercializethistechnology.
• The Northwind GroupwasfoundedinIdahoFallsinthe
late1990sandnowemploysmorethan300peopleacross
theUnitedStates.NorthWindisaleadingcompanyfor
environmental,engineeringandconstructionservices.
• PortagewasformedbyseveralformerINLemployeesin
1992andnowemploysmorethan400skilledtechnical
andprofessionalpersonnelintheU.S.andabroad.
Portageoffersawiderangeoftechnicalandprofessional
servicesincludingprojectmanagement,environmental
remediation,engineering,andinformationtechnologyand
databasedesign;constructionoversightandassessment;
environmentalplanning.
• Premier Technology isaprivatelyownedcompanybasedin
Blackfoot,Idaho.Premierwasfoundedin1996withafocus
onmanufacturingforthenuclearandfoodprocessing
industries.Ithassincegrowntobecomeafullservice
engineering,manufacturingandconstructionmanagement
companyemployingnearly370engineers,machinists,
andotherskilledprofessionals.PremierisalsothesmallbusinesspartnerinthemanagementoftheIdahoCleanup
Projectcontract.
Theabovelistprovidesjustasamplingofthenuclearindustry
rmswithrootsinIdaho,andunderscoreshowthepresence
ofINLhashelpedIdahogrowcompetitivebusinessesinareas
suchasenvironmentalremediation,technicalservices,and
advancedmanufacturing.
UNIERSITY PROGRAMS
Idaho’seducationalinstitutionshavelonghelpedtomeettheneedforengineers,techniciansandotherskilledworkersto
supportINL,Idaho’snuclearindustryrms,andorganizations
nationwide.ThethreemajorIdahouniversities,inparticular,
supportINL’sobjectivetobethepremierU.S.national
laboratoryinnuclearscienceandengineeringresearchandall
ofthemhaveactiveprogramsfocusedonnuclearenergy.These
programshavebeeninvigoratedinrecentyearsanditisclearto
facultymembersanduniversityadministratorsthattheirfuture
isdirectlytiedtoINL’ssuccess.Conversely,itisalsoclearthat
INL’ssuccessdependstosomedegreeonitsassociationwith
theIdahouniversities.
Inrecentyears,Idahoschoolshavefurtherbroadenedand
strengthenededucationalofferingsrelatedtothenuclear
enterprise.Innuclearscienceandengineering,collectively,
thethreeIdahoresearchuniversitieshaveover20faculty
membersand400studentsindegreeprogramsranging
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fromtheAssociateinScience(A.S.)toDoctorofPhilosophy
(Ph.D.)degree.Researchareasincludehealthphysics,
fuelcycleapplications,nuclearphysics,reactorphysics,
materialscience,nuclearforensics,andsafety,security,and
safeguards.Collectively,Idaho’suniversitiesofferarangeof
experienceandcapabilitiesintheseareas.
Forexample,IdahoStateUniversity(ISU)offersafull-range
nuclearengineeringandscienceprogram,withdegreeprograms
innuclearengineeringandhealthphysicsrangingfromthe
baccalaureatetothePh.D.ISU’sInstituteofNuclearScience
andEngineeringincludesthefollowingprogramsandfacilities
outlinedbelow:
IDAHO STATE UNIERSITY
• TheIdaho Accelerator Center(IAC)wascreatedin
1994todeliverundergraduateandgraduateeducation,conductappliedphysicsresearch,createnewapplicationsof
acceleratorphysics,andsupporttheeconomicdevelopment
ofIdaho.TheIAChassevenoperatingacceleratorsin
veresearchfacilities—moreoperatingacceleratorsthan
anyother
universityin
NorthAmerica.
Itsfacilities
supporta
broadrangeof
student-driven
researchinnuclearscienceandengineering,rangingfrom
theproductionofmedicalisotopestothedetectionand
quanticationofssilematerials.TheCenteralsoallows
ISUstudentsandfacultytocollaboratewithresearchersat
leadinguniversitiesandnationallaboratoriesinimportant
areassuchasnuclearmaterialsafeguardsandproliferation
detection.
• TheResearch Innovation in Science and Engineering
Complex (RISE)isamultidisciplinaryresearchcenterthat
offersnumerousresearchandlearningopportunitiesinnuclearscienceandengineeringacrossalleducationlevels,
fromtechnicianandassociates-leveldegreestodoctoral
programs.TheRISEComplexhousesstate-of-the-art
technology,includingaccelerators,reactortechnologies,
andsimulators,aswellasafullsuiteofnuclearmaterials
sciencetoolsnotfoundatanyotheracademicinstitution
intheworld.Thisinfrastructureallowsstudentstoacquire
ISU has over seven
operating accelerators —
more than any university
in North America.
real-world,hands-onexperiencethatishighlysoughtafter
inindustrial,governmentalandacademicsettings.
• TheEnergy Systems Technology and Engineering Center
(ESTEC)hasbothaninstructionalandanindustrialfocus.
ESTECtrainsgraduates(techniciansandtechnologists)
tomaintainexistingenergyinfrastructureandtoinstall
andtestcomponentsinnewrenewable,nuclear,and
fossil-fueledenergyfacilities.ComplementingESTEC’s
instructionalfocus,theCenteralsoconductsapplied
industrialresearchonbehalfofINL,electricutilities,
andenergy-systemsproductvendors.ESTECwasrecently
designatedtheNorthwestRegionalCenterofExcellence
forNuclearEducationandTrainingbytheNuclearEnergyInstitute,anindustrytradegroup.Thisdesignationmeans
thatESTECwillbecoordinatingnuclearenergyeducation
andtrainingfortechniciansinanine-stateregionthat
includesIdaho,Montana,Washington,Oregon,South
Dakota,NorthDakota,Utah,WyomingandNebraska.To
operateESTEC,ISUpartnerswithINLandPartnersfor
Prosperity,acommunity-basedorganizationfocusedon
workforcedevelopmentforlow-incomepeople.
BOISE STATE UNIERSITY
BoiseStateUniversity(BSU)doesnothaveanuclearengineeringprogrambutitsMaterialsScienceand
EngineeringDepartmenthasstrongresearchcollaborations
withINL,aswellaswithnuclearengineeringandscience
programsatISUandtheUniversityofIdaho.BSUalso
engagesinextensiveeducationalcollaborations,suchas
courseofferingsandjointprograms.
ISU’s Idaho Accelerator Center
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BSU’sMaterialsScienceandEngineeringdepartmenthas
grownrapidlyduringthepastveyearsandisnowoneof
thelargestdepartmentsofitskindinthePacicNorthwest,
offeringB.S.,M.S.andM.Engr.degreeswithafocuson
energymaterialsresearchandeducation.APh.D.program
wasaddedin2012andhasalreadyattracted12highlyqualied
studentsaswellassixnewfacultymembers,fourofwhomhave
expertiseinenergymaterialsandmodelingandoneofwhom
hasaPh.D.innuclearengineering.Thesenewfacultywill
buildonBSU’sexistingrelationshipswithINLandtheCenter
forAdvancedEnergyStudies(discussedlaterinthereport)to
helpexpandfutureeducationalpartnerships.
Studentscanalsomoveintonuclearengineeringatthegraduate
levelthroughBSU’smechanicalengineeringdepartment,
whichoffersB.S.,M.S.andM.Engr.degrees.Thedepartment
iscurrentlyhiringafacultymemberwithafocusinanenergyeldthatincludesmodeling,controlanddesign.
AnotheremergingfocusatBoiseStateiscomputational
scienceandengineering.ArecentMajorResearch
InstrumentationgrantfromtheNationalScience
FoundationwillfundanewGPU/CPUclusterthatwill
allowlarge-scalemodelingandvisualization.Theplanis
tousethisfacilityasastate-wideresourcewithpotential
applicationsinnuclearengineering.
OverallBoiseState’sinvolvementineldsrelevantfora
careerinnuclearenergyspanstheengineeringcollege.
BSUundergraduateshavebeenawardedNuclearEnergy
UniversityProgramscholarshipsandgraduatestudents
havereceivedfellowshipsfromtheU.S.Nuclear
RegulatoryCommission.Severalstudentseachyear
participateininternshipsatINLandPacicNorthwest
NationalLaboratory(PNNL).Inall,BSUhaswon
morethanfortyawards,totalingmorethan$12million
fromresearchgrants,contractsandjointprojectsrelated
tonuclearengineeringoverthelastveyears.Inaddition,
facultyandstaffinBSU’sDepartmentofMaterialsScience
andEngineeringmanagetheMicroscopyandCharacterization
SuiteandtheAdvancedMaterialLaboratoryattheCenter
forAdvancedEnergyStudies.Thesefacilitiesaredesignedto
accommodatecollaboratorsacrossthestateaswellasnationally.
Becausetheyareequippedtohandleradioactivematerials,
thesefacilitieshavealsoenhancedthecapabilityandnational
importanceofINL’sAdvancedTestReactorandDOE’s
NationalScienticUserFacility(NSUF).
UNIERSITY OF IDAHO
TheUniversityofIdaho’sGraduateNuclearEngineering
ProgramgrantsMasterofScienceandPh.D.degrees.In
recentyears,UofIhashadapproximately12–15full-time
and15–20part-timeMSandPhDstudents.Manyofthefull-
timestudentsarebasedattheCenterforAdvancedEnergy
StudiesinIdahoFalls.
UofIisalsoworkingwithotherIdahoresearchuniversitiesto
integratetheiradvancedgraduateprogramswiththenuclear
engineeringcurriculumatIdahoStateUniversityandto
developclosercurricularcollaborationwithBSU’sMaterials
ScienceandEngineeringDepartment.Theeventualgoalis
towinnationalrankingandinternationalrecognitionforan
IdahoInstituteofNuclearScienceandEngineeringinIdaho
FallsthatsupportsthemissionsofINL.
CENTER FOR ADANCED ENERGY STUDIES
TheCenterforAdvancedEnergyStudies(CAES)isa
researchandeducationpartnership,formedin2005,
betweenBoiseStateUniversity,IdahoStateUniversity,the
UniversityofIdahoandINL.Thegoalofthiscollaborative
effortbythethreeuniversitiesandINListoleadenergy
researchprogramsimportanttothenation,educatethe
futureworkforcebyattractingbrightundergraduateand
graduatestudentsandfacultytotheIdahostateuniversities,
reachoutacrossIdahoandthenationtopromotean
informedenergypolicydialogue,andactasacatalystfor
technology-basedeconomicdevelopmentinIdahoandthe
Microscopy and Characterization
Suite at CAES
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region.ThiscollaborativeapproachiscriticaltoCAES’
successbyallowingthebestandbrightesttoworktogether
regardlessoftheirphysicallocationorinstitutionalafliation
inanenvironmentthatpromotesexcellence,increasesthe
impactandreducesthetimescaleofinnovativeresearch,
andexpandsandinvigoratesthescienticandengineering
talentpool.Inadditiontopromotingandfacilitatingstate
widecollaborationbetweenthefourpartnerinstitutions,
CAESoperatesa55,000square-footstateoftheart
researchfacility,locatedinIdahoFallsandbuiltonIdaho
StateUniversityproperty,whichpromotesside-by-side
collaborationbetweenuniversityfacultyandstudentsandINL
researchersonenergyprojectsofnationalimportance.
CAESiscommittedtoconductingresearchthataddressesthe
energychallengesconfrontingIdahoandthenationasawhole.
Thoughitsresearchagendaemphasizesnuclearenergy,it
alsospansmaterialsscience,bioenergy,carbonmanagement,
geothermalenergy,energypolicy,modelingandsimulation,andenergyefciency.
Idahouniversitiescompeteverysuccessfullyforfederalnuclear
energyresearchfunding.Forexample,ofthestatesawarded
fundingthroughDOE’sNuclearEnergy
UniversityProgramsince2009,Idaho
universitieshavereceivedthethirdlargest
amount,$13.8million.OnlyWisconsin
andTexasreceivedmorefunding($16.8
and$14.7million,respectively).
Successatwinningfederalfundinghas
promptedinterestbothinexpanding
CAES’physicalfacilityinIdahoFalls
andinextendingthegeographicreachof
itsprograms.Suchanexpansionwould
helpcementtheroleoftheCenterfor
AdvancedEnergyStudiesasaregional
energyasset.
CAES building in Idaho Falls – Constructed using Federal,
DOE Contractor, and Settlement Agreement funds.
FIGURE 6 - NEUP Funding — 2009–2011;
Source: https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/ server.pt/community/neup_home/600/fy11_announcement_archive
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Nuclearenergycurrentlyaccountsfornearly20percentofelectricityproductionintheUnitedStates8andslightlymorethan12percentofelectricityproductionworldwide.9Duetolow
maintenanceandfuelcosts,andmodestfuturecapitalrequirements,mostofthenation’s
104operatingnuclearpowerplantshavethusfarbeenabletocompetefavorablywithgas-generatedelectricity,despitetoday’slownaturalgasprices.Inrecentsurveys,astrong
majorityoftheU.S.believesthenationshouldmaintainapresenceinnuclearsafety
andnonproliferation.Additionally,publicfavorabilityofnuclearenergyhasincreasedsteadily.SowhilenearlyallexistingU.S.reactorsareinthelatter-halfoftheirinitial
40-yearoperatinglicenses,mosthaveapplied–orareexpectedtoapply–for20-year
licenseextensions.
OutsidetheU.S.,thenuclearindustryisstillgrowinginsomeparts
oftheworld,withseveralcountriesplanningtobuildnewreactors.
Mostofthesecountiesaremotivatedbysomemixtureofnational
strategicconsiderationsandenvironmentalandenergysecurity
concerns.Therearecurrentlymorethan430nuclearreactors
operatingworldwidewithroughly60reactorsunderconstructionandanother150new
reactorsplanned.SouthKorea,China,IndiaandRussiaaremovingforwardaggressively
withinvestmentsinnewnuclearcapacityandeffortstodeveloptheirownbaseofnuclear
manufacturing,constructionandoperationalexpertise.
OutsideEuropeandJapan,theaccidentexperiencedattheFukushimaDaichiinuclear
powerplantafterthedevastatingtsunamiofMarch11,2011doesnotappeartobe
A LOOK AHEADOPPORTUNITIESFOR IDAHO
Nuclear energy currently
generates nearly 20% of
the nation’s electricity.
8Seehttp://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=nuclear_use
9Seehttp://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/nuclear_statistics/
worldstatistics
Watts Bar Nuclear Power S
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diminishinginterestinanddemandfornuclearenergy.
MeanwhileregulatorsintheUnitedStatesandinother
leadingnuclearnationshavesoughttoimprovethesafety
andresilienceofnuclearfacilitiesinthecaseofextreme
eventsandtoaddressheightenedpublicconcernsfollowing
theaccident.IntheUnitedStates,someoftheprecautions
recommendedafterFukushima—suchasacceleratingthetransferofspentnuclearfuelfromcoolingpoolstodrycask
storage—werealreadybeingimplementedtosomeextentasa
resultoftheeventsof9/11.
NUCLEAR ENERGY OUTLOOK IN THE U.S.
WhiletheU.S.hasthelargestnumberofoperatingnuclear
powerplantsintheworld,thelowpriceofnaturalgas(and
therelativelylowcapitalburdenassociatedwithbuilding
naturalgas-redelectricgenerationcapacity)ishavinga
negativeimpactoninvestmentinanyothertechnologyforelectricityproductionintheU.S.,includingnuclearenergy.
Despiteabriefresurgenceofinterestinnuclearenergyin
themidtolate2000s,whenvariouscompaniesconsidered
buildingasmanyas26newcommercialnuclearpower
reactorsintheUnitedStates,10itnowappearsthatonlythe
twonewreactorscurrentlyunderconstructioninGeorgiaand
twothatarehavebeenproposedinSouthCarolinaarelikely
toproceedthisdecade.
Whethernaturalgaswillcontinuetoberelativelyplentiful
andcheapintheUnitedStates,andforhowlong,iscurrently
uncertain.Factorssuchasenvironmentalregulation,public
acceptanceofhydraulicfracturingor“fracking”operations,
andtheopeningofnaturalgasexportterminalscould
fundamentallyaltertheeconomicsofthedomesticnaturalgas
market.Inlightofthisuncertainty,manyexpertsarguethat
maintainingabalancedanddiversesupplyofenergysources
isimportanttoournation’slong-termeconomicstrength
andenergysecurity.
Ifnaturalgasdoesremaininexpensiveovertherestofthe
decade,itcouldforcenuclearpowerplantoperatorstomake
difcultdecisionsaboutthefutureoftheiroperatingreactors.
Forexample,theowneroftheKewauneenuclearpowerstationrecentlyannouncedplanstoclosethereactorpermanentlyin
early2013.Accordingtonewsreports,thedecisiontoshutter
theplant“wasdrivenbyeconomicsandprojectedlowwholesale
electricitypricesintheregion.”Theplantownerreportedly
FIGURE 7 - Commercial nuclear power
plants in the United States. Source: www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf41.html
10Theseotherissuesincludehighconstructioncosts,longconstructiontimeframes,andtheinabilityofthefederalgovernmenttoimplementaworkableloanguaranteeprogramfornuclearpowerasestablishedundertheEnergyPolicyActof2005
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triedbutfailedtondabuyerfortheplant.11Whetherthisis
auniquecaseorisonethatwillberepeatedatothernuclear
powerplantsremainstobeseen.
NucleartechnologyprovidersintheU.S.andabroadare
engagedinanefforttodevelopnewproductsthataddresstheeconomic,wasteandotherchallengesfacingthefutureuse
ofnuclearenergyandothernucleartechnologies[seegure
8].AndtheU.S.government–principallythroughDOE–
engagesinresearch,developmentanddemonstrationprograms
focusedonensuringthatnuclearenergyremainsaviable
technologytoaddresscurrentandfutureenergydemandswhile
addressingconcernsaboutgreenhousegasemissions.
TheremainderofthissectionreviewstheopportunitiesthatexistinnuclearenergyandnucleartechnologyforIdaho’s
nuclear-relatedresearch,infrastructure,business,and
workforceassets.
Figure 8 - Pros and cons of nuclear energy
PROS AND CONS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Pros Cons
>> Cheap electricity production by existing already amortized nuclear
plants
>> Low operational costs and stable market prices (low volatility in
the price of nuclear generated electricity)
>> High tech, high paying domestic jobs (at the plants and the
service sector)
>> Production cost immune to potential carbon taxes
>> Growing international market for new nuclear plants that can
create a strong industry in the U.S.
>> Reliance on primarily domestic resources (uranium)
>> A very good safety, reliability and operational availability recordby domestic industry
>> Maintaining U.S. leadership in technologies and applications
during an increasing international demand on nuclear energy
>> U.S. leadership in non-proliferation and nuclear safety
>> Reduced reliance on non-domestic energy sources
>> High density clean energy with nearly zero greenhouse gas
emissions
>>
Small plant footprints per unit energy
>> Very high capital cost of new plants
>> Economic uncertainty associated with the regulatory process
>> Relatively inexpensive domestic alternative energy sources (e.g.
natural gas)
>> Competitive international market for reactor vendors (France,
Russia and South Korea)
>> Uncertainty in long-term storage and disposal of used nuclear
fuel (UNF)
>> Increasing domestic fossil fuel resources
>> Negative public perception of safety post-Fukushima
>> Public concern about increasing volume of used fuel (stored atoperating reactor sites)
>> Concerns about the vulnerability of nuclear plants and fuel
facilities to terrorism
>> Risks of the misuse of civilian technologies for proliferation of
nuclear weapons
>> Environmental impact of uranium mining
>> Water usage equivalent to any large thermal plant
>> Uncertainty in long-term disposal of used nuclear fuel
Economics
Energy
Security
National
Security
Environmental
Impact
11“QuestionsariseaboutshutteringofKewauneenuclearpowerreactor,”WisconsinStateJournal,November3,2012–seehttp://host.madison.com/news/local/environment/questions-arise-about-shuttering-of-kewaunee-nuclear-power-reactor/article_8ab13fd6-25ea-11e2-b3f4-001a4bcf887a.html
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INL Business Volume
0FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
(Projected)
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
FY 2013FY 2012FY 2011FY 2010FY 2009FY 2008FY 2007FY 2006
$ 6 8
6 M
$
7 4 0 M
$ 7 9 9 M
$ 8 7 0 M
$ 1 , 0
6 0 M
$ 9 7 4 M
$ 9 0 2 M
$ 8 7 5 M
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IDAHO
INL
Concernsoverairqualityandclimatechangeareamajordriver
forcleanenergyalternatives,includingnuclearenergy.Nuclear
technologycurrentlyaccountsfornearlytwo-thirdsofalllow-carbonelectricityproductionintheUnitedStates.Itwillremain
anessentialelementofanyefforttoimproveairqualityand
reducethecarbonfootprintofelectricitygeneration.
Fortheseandotherreasons–includingtheimportanceof
baseloadelectricitysupplyandtheimpactU.S.leadershipin
nuclearenergycanhaveinachievingeconomicandnational
securityobjectives–theU.S.governmentmaintainsaresearch,
developmentanddemonstrationprogramfocusedonnuclear
energy.ThisprogramisconductedprimarilythroughtheU.S.
DepartmentofEnergy.Whilethespecicsoftheprogramcanvaryfromyeartoyear,thefocusinrecentyearshasbeen
onresearchanddevelopmentofnuclearenergytechnologies
focusedonelectricitygeneration,safety,wastestorageand
management,andsecuritytechnologies,tohelpmeetenergy
security,proliferationresistance,andclimategoals. 12
Specically,theDOEnuclearresearchprogramemphasizes:
• DevelopmentofSmallModularReactorandadvanced
nuclearreactortechnologies
• Spentfueldisposition(bothstorageanddisposal
technologiesandadvancedtechniquesforrecyclingspent
nuclearfuel)
• Modelingandsimulationofadvancedreactorsandfuelcycles
• Nonproliferation
• Crosscuttingscienceandotherenablingtechnologies
INL,asthenation’sleadnuclearenergylaboratory,iswell-
positionedtocaptureasignicantshareofDOEandother
federalresearchfundingdirectedatnuclearenergyandnucleartechnologies.Unfortunately,giventherisingfederal
debtandincreasingpressurestoholddownfederalspending,
itislikelythattheamountoffederalfundingdirectedat
nuclearenergyRD&Dwilldecreaseinthecomingyears.
IDAHO UNIERSITIES
Idahouniversitiesandcollegesareanimportantpartofthe
state’snucleartechnologyenterpriseandamajorassetfor
Idahointermsofcapturingnewnuclear-relatedeconomic
opportunitiesinthefuture.Growingdemandforhigher
educationcredentialsinnuclear-relatedeldsandthe
continuedabilitytocompetesuccessfullyfornuclearresearch
fundingrepresenttwopromisingareasofopportunityfor
Idahouniversitiesandcollegesgoingforward.
Inbothareas,Idahofacescompetitionfromotherstates.
Nationally,thereare39highereducationinstitutionsin28
statesthatofferbachelors,mastersordoctoralprogramsin
nuclearscienceandengineering.Idahoisoneofninestates
withmorethanoneinstitutionofferingsuchdegrees:Idaho
StateUniversity(BS,MSandPhD)andtheUniversityofIdaho
(MSandPhD).Inaddition,38technicalschoolsin24statesofferNationalNuclearUniformCurriculum-recognized
associateinappliedsciencedegrees(AAS)intheareasof
nuclearoperations,nuclearmaintenance,radiationprotection
andchemistry.IdahoStateUniversity’sEnergySystems
TechnologyandEducationCenterofferstwoindustry-
recognizedandapproveddegreesinNuclearOperations
andNuclearInstrumentationandControl.
Demandforskillsandcredentialsinnuclear
engineeringandothernuclear-relateddisciplineshas
beenrising,notwithstandingthedomesticindustry’s
uncertaingrowthprospectsatpresent.Figure10shows
thenumberofnuclearengineeringdegreesawardedin
theU.S.inrecentyears.13In2011atotalof471BS,289
MS,and114PhDdegreeswereawardedintheUnited
States.Thenumbersrepresenta30percentincrease
innuclearengineeringBSandMSdegreesawardedin
2011comparedto2006anda43percentincreasein
12U.S.DepartmentofEnergyFY2013BudgetRequesttoCongress,Volume3
13IntegratedPostsecondaryEducationDataSystem(IPEDS)http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/
Figure 9 - INL Business olume
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13-50031-07
0
2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
N u m b e r o f D e g r e e s
2010 2011
B.S.M.S.
Ph.D.
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Degrees awarded in nuclear engineering in the U.S. 2006–2011
PhDdegreesforthesametimeperiod.Evenwithoutawave
ofnewreactorconstructionintheU.S.,nuclearengineering
andrelatedeldsarelikelytocontinuetoofferattractivejob
prospects,thankstotheongoingstafngneedsofcompanies
thatservetheoverseasmarketandbecauseoftheneedtoreplace
retiringnuclearplantworkersintheU.S.Basedondatathat
showaheavyrelianceonemployeesinthe50-and-olderage
rangethroughouttheindustry;theNuclearEnergyInstitutehas
estimatedthatasmanyas5,000positionswillneedtobelled,
onaverage,foratleastthenextveyearsinthecommercial
nuclearenergyindustry.
Figure 10 - Degrees Awarded in Nuclear Engineering in the U.S. 2006-2011
engineering.)Thesenumbers,whenconsideredinthe
contextofprojectednuclearindustryworkforceneeds,
suggestthatIdahouniversitiescouldenrollasubstantially
largernumberofstudentsinnuclearengineeringand
relatedelds.Infact,ananalysisofworkforceageand
qualicationsatINLindicatesthat—atthecurrentrate
ofdegreeproduction—Idahouniversitiesandtechnical
collegeswillnotkeepupwitheventheworkforceneedsof
INLalone,especiallyatthedoctoralandmasterslevels.16In
addition,theneedfornuclearornuclear-relatededucation
atthetechnicianlevel(two-yearassociatesinappliedscience
andone-yearcerticateprograms)will
closelytracktheneedforotherdegrees.
Currently,thereareonlythreenuclear/
radiologicaltechnicalprogramsinthe
regionthataddressINL’sspecicnuclear
orradiologicaltechnicianworkforce
needs.TheseincludetheNuclear
OperationsEngineeringTechnology
andNuclearInstrumentationand
ControlEngineeringTechnology
AssociateinAppliedSciencedegrees
fromISU’sEnergySystemsTechnology
andEducationCenter(ESTEC)andthe
EasternIdahoTechnicalCollege(EITC)
one-yearcerticateinRadiationSafety.
AsecondimportantareaofopportunityforIdahouniversitiescenterson
theirabilitytocontinuetocompete
successfullyfornuclear-relatedR&Dfunds.Asnotedearlier
inthisreport,Idahowasthirdhighestamongthestatesthat
wereawardedNuclearEnergyUniversityPrograms(NEUP)
grantsbetween2009and2011,trailingonlyTexasand
Wisconsin.ThissuggeststhatthequalityofIdaho’snuclear
programs/institutionsiscomparabletootherstates,butthat
thestatecouldworktocaptureanevenlargershareofthe
federalfundingavailabletosupportpeerreviewednuclear
energyresearchinthefuture.RecommendationsputforwardbytheLINECommission’sTechnologySubcommittee
Althoughinterestisontherise,Idahouniversitiescurrently
accountforonlyasmallfraction(approximately2percent)
ofthedegreesinnuclearengineeringawardedbyallU.S.
universitieseachyear.Lookingatthebroaderrangeof
disciplinesrelevanttonuclearscienceandengineering,14
Idahouniversitiesgraduated,onaverage,299bachelors,
64masters,and12doctoralstudentsineachoftheyears
between2006and2011.15(Ofthetotaldegreesawarded
byIdahouniversitiesinthesedisciplines,51percentwereinmechanicalengineeringand3percentwereinnuclear
14Disciplinesconsideredinclude:AppliedMathematics,Chemistry,ChemicalEngineering,EngineeringPhysics,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,MechanicalEngineering,NuclearEngineering,andPhysics.Althoughimportanttothenuclearindustryaswellasawidevarietyofotherindustrysectors,ComputerScience,ComputerEngineering,andElectricalEngineeringarenotincludedinthetotals.
15IntegratedPostsecondaryEducationDataSystem(IPEDS);seehttp://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/.
16 Accordingtodatacompiledbythesubcommittee,ofapproximately4,000employeesatINL,1,900areovertheageof50andmorethan1,100overtheageof55.Themedianagerangeis50-54.Between2006and2011,INLhired,onaverage,approximately329newpeopleperyear(attritionof206plusgrowthof123)between2006and2011.DuringthisperiodoftimetheINLworkforcealsogrewfromanemployeeheadcountof3,513to4,181.Thedistributionofthehighestdegreeofeducationalattainmentforthesehireswas21percenthighschool,14percentassociate’sorpost-secondarycerticates,32percentbachelor’s,17percentmaster’sand17percentdoctor’sdegrees.
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targetedfurtheropportunitiesforstrengthening
collaborationbetweenINL,nuclearcommercialenterprises,
andIdahouniversitiestoinvestinthestate’sresearch
infrastructureandtosecureR&Dfunding,including
fromnewsourcessuchasforeigngovernmentsandforeign
commercialbusinesses.
COMMERCIAL NUCLEAR FIRMS
Asnotedinanearliersection,severalnuclear-related
commercialenterprises,offeringawiderangeofservices,
manufacturingcapabilities,andexpertise,areheadquarteredin,
orhaveoperationsin,Idaho.Theyincludelarge,multinational
companieslikeArevaaswellassmaller,U.S.-basedcompanies
thatprovidehighlyspecializedproductsorcapabilities.
Giventheoutlookforthenuclearenergyindustry,intheU.S.
andabroad,growthopportunitiesforthesecompaniesarelikelytobeclusteredintwoareas:(1)servingthestillgrowing
internationalmarketfornuclearenergyproductionand(2)
providingcutting-edgewastemanagementandfuelcycle
servicesforthedomesticandglobalmarketasallcountries
withexistingnucleareets—includingtheU.S.—grapple
withlonger-termissuesoffacilitydecommissioningand
wastestorageanddisposition.Otherimportant
opportunitiesmayexistin“niche”marketslikemedical
isotopeproduction;Idahohostsbothcompanieswith
medicalisotopeexpertiseandsupportingresearch
capabilitiesinthestate’suniversitiesandINL.As
discussedattheoutsetofthissection,themarketfor
servicesandproductsrelatedtonewreactordesign
andconstructionarelikelytobeconcentratedoverseas
forthenextdecadeorlonger,givencurrentlydim
prospectsforsubstantialnewnuclearinvestments
intheU.S.Othercountries,however,aremoving
forwardwithplanstosubstantiallyexpandtheirnuclear
energyfootprint.Thedozensofnewplantsthatare
plannedorcurrentlyunderconstructionaroundthe
world,representanimportantbusinessopportunityfor
thespecializedengineering,manufacturing,operations
andmaintenance,andadvancedsafetyandsecuritycapabilities
Idaho-basedcompaniescanprovide.TheU.S.Departmentof
Commerce,forexample,hasestimatedthattheinternational
marketfornuclearequipmentandserviceswilltotalbetween
$500and740billionoverthenexttenyears. 17Longerterm,
theglobalanddomesticmarketforadvancednuclearenergy
technologies,suchassmallmodularreactorsandhybrid
energysystems,couldgrowquickly,especiallyifeconomicand
regulatoryconditionschange.Futurecarbonconstraints,for
example,orchangesinthecostandavailabilityofcompeting
fuelslikenaturalgas,couldrapidlyshifttheeconomicsof
nuclearpowerrelativetootherelectricityproductionoptions
intheU.S.andelsewhere.Idaho-basedcommercialnuclear
rmswouldbewellpositionedtorespondtosuchnewmarket
opportunities.
Onepotentiallypromisingoptionforcapturingtheadvantages
ofnuclearenergywhileavoidingthehighcapitalcostof
newreactorsinvolvesdevelopingandcommercializingsmall
modularreactors(SMRs).SMRdesignsmaybeabletodeliver
powerwithashorterconstructiontimetableandwithlessupfrontnancialriskbuttheiroveralleconomicviabilityis
currentlyuncertain.IfthecurrentU.S.nuclearmanufacturing
infrastructureandregulatoryframeworkcanbeadaptedor
augmentedtoallowSMRmanufacturing,thiscouldofferan
economicdevelopmentopportunitytostateswithafavorable
businessclimateandestablishednuclearcapabilities.
DOEhaslaunchedaprogramintendedtoleadtothe
demonstrationandcommercializationofSMRdesigns.In
Januaryof2012,DOEannounceditisseekingapplications
fortwoSMRdevelopmentgrants,estimatedtototal$452
Cutaway of B&W’s SMR concept
17Seehttp://trade.gov/press/press-releases/2011/commerce-report-small-modular-nuclear-reactors-can-help-meet-future-energy-demands-create-american- jobs-021611.asp18Seehttp://www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/ElectricPower/3903791
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millionoverveyears.Thefundswillpayuptohalfthecost
ofcertifyingtwoSMRdesigns.18TheLINECommissionheard
fromseveralnuclearenergyrmsthataredevelopingSMR
technologiesandwhoseplansincludetheeventualdevelopment
ofdemonstrationSMRsandSMRmanufacturingcapabilities
tomeetmarketdemandintheU.S.andabroad.
Inaddition,newreactordesignsbasedongas-cooledandliquid
metal-cooledreactor
technologiesarelikelyto
beintroducedinsome
partsoftheworldover
thenextdecade.The
introductionofreactors
basedonthesedesignscanbeexpectedtocreatedemandfor
moreadvancedfuels.
Fuelcycleandwastemanagementserviceswillcontinueto
beindemandevenincountriesthatarenotaddingtotheir
existingreactoreetsorarewindingdowntheircurrentnuclear
commitments.Areva’splantobuildauraniumenrichmentplant
inIdaho,forexample,responds
totheongoingdemandfor
fuelfromcurrentlyoperating
reactorsgiventhatmuchofthe
currentU.S.eetisexpectedto
applyfor,andreceive,license
extensionsthatwouldallowfor
continuedoperationwellinto
the2020sand2030s.
Oneissuethatcouldserveas
aneconomicopportunityfor
willingbusinesses,communities
andstates–isthenation’s
failurethusfartondalong-
termdisposalsolutionfor
spentnuclearfuel.Whilesome
haveadvocatedreprocessing
toextractre-useableelementsfromspentnuclearfuel(asiscurrentlybeingdoneinFrance,
RussiaandJapan),theU.S.hasrejectedthisoptionfor
economic,environmentalandnationalsecurityreasons.
Instead,U.S.policycallsforthedirectdisposalofspentfuelin
anundergroundrepository.Underlegislationpassedin1987,
asinglesiteatYuccaMountaininNevadawastobeconsidered
fortheconstructionofsucharepository,buttheObama
Administrationhaltedworkonthisprojectin2010.
Instead,theAdministrationtaskedaBlueRibbonCommission
(BRC)withdevelopingrecommendationsforre-formulating
andre-invigoratingtheU.S.nuclearwastemanagementprogram.TheBRCissuedareportinJanuary2012[see
textboxonpage30]andwhilelegislationtoimplementits
recommendationshas
beenputforward,no
billhasadvancedvery
farinCongress.The
Administration,likewise
hassubmittedastrategyfor
implementingtheCommission’srecommendations.Atthestate
andlocallevel,communitiesinseveralstates–mostnotablyEddy
andLeaCountiesinsoutheasternNewMexico–haveexpressedinterestinhostingnuclearwastemanagementfacilitiesandare
gearinguptoparticipateinaconsent-basedsitingprocess.
Nonetheless,thedecisiontohaltworkontheYuccaMountain
President Obama established the Blue Ribbon
Commission to study solutions for storage of
the nation’s spent nuclear fuel.
13-50031-08
FUEL FABRICATION NUCLEAR REACTOR
INTERIM STORAGE
FINAL DISPOSITION
FRONT END OF CYCLE
UraniumPlutonium
BACK END OF CYCLE
The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
SPENT FUEL
REPROCESSING
MINING
MILLING
CONVERSION
ENRICHMENT
19StrategyfortheManagementandDisposalofUsedNuclearFuelandHigh-LevelRadioactiveWaste,U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,January2013
Figure 11 – The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
repository—andtherecommendationssubsequentlydeveloped
bytheBRC—presentpotentialopportunitiesaswellasrisks
fortheStateofIdaho.Forexample,theYuccaMountain
decisionmeansthatspentfuelatlocationsacrossthecountry
willremaininstorageformuchlongerperiodsthaninitially
anticipated;DOE’slatestplancallsforaspentfuelrepository
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tobeavailablein2048,19decadesaftertherepositoryatYucca
Mountainwassupposedtobeopen.Consequently,thereis
aneedtoperformresearchsoweunderstandwithcertainty
theperformanceoftoday’scommercialreactorfuelsinthe
conditionsandcongurationswehavechosenforstorage.Such
research,ifperformedatINLmightrequireallowingonthe
orderof30-60tonsofcommercialspentfuelintothestate.
DoingsowouldnotmakeIdahothenation’sinterimstorage
site.INLisideallysuitedtohostthenewresearcheffortsthat
willbeneededtostudythebehaviorofspentnuclearfuelover
longperiodsoftimeindrystorage.
Atthisso-called“backend”ofthenuclearfuelcycle[seeFigure
11;Source:BRCreport,p.10],therewillbegrowingdemand
intheU.S.andelsewhereforthespecializedexpertiseand
equipmentneededtopackagespentnuclearfuelandhigh-level
wasteintoformssuitableforsafe,multi-decadestorageandeventualdisposalinageologicrepository.Statesthatarewilling
toengageinestablishingorexpandingstoragefacilitiesforspent
fuelandhigh-levelwastewouldappeartoholdacompetitive
advantageintermsofreceivingresearchfundsdirectedatthese
“back-end-of-the-fuel-cycle”activities.Forexample,theBRC
reporthighlightedaneedforresearchtoexplorespentfuel
degradationmechanismsindrystorage,“particularlysincemany
currentsafetyassessmentsarebasedonanexaminationoffuel
withlowerburnupthanisnow“standard”anddonotaccount
forstoragetimesofthelengthnowbeingcontemplated.”20
Relatedopportunitiesincludeengineeringandsupplyingthe
instrumentationandcontroltechnologiesneededtomonitorthe
conditionofnuclearfacilitiesandmaterialsandaddresspotential
safetyriskswiththehigherdegreeofreliabilityandlesserreliance
onhumaninterventionlikelytobedemandedintheaftermath
ofFukushimaanddevelopingnon-destructivetechniquesfor
assessingtheintegrityofwastestorageanddisposalsystems.
Finally,uncertaintyinthefederaldisposalprogrammay
addimpetustocallsforthefederalgovernmenttodevelop
oneormorefacilitiesfortheconsolidated
storageofspentnuclearfuel.DOE’splancallsforconstructionofbothapilot-scale
storagefacilityandalarge-scalestorage
facility.SeveralIdahocitieshaveexpressed
interestinexploringtheprosandconsof
possiblyhostingastoragefacility,whileother
individuals,businessesandorganizationsareopposedtoany
suchproposalevenbeingconsidered.
TheCommissionwasnottaskedspecicallywithevaluating
whetherIdahoshouldconsiderbecominganinterimstorage
site.Whilesuchanevaluationwasnotcalledforinourcharteritwasunderstandablyandappropriatelydiscussedat
Commissionmeetingsandaddressedinpresentationsmade
totheCommission.
First,itshouldbenotedthatinterimstorageisnotaresearch
activity.Asdiscussedabove,andasaconsequenceofpast
decisions,INLisaninterimstoragesiteforabout300tons
ofgovernmentownedspentfuel,asmallfractionofthe
nation’sinventoryofnearly70,000tons.These300tonsare
inrobuststorage.
DOE’srecentlyreleasedstrategyformanagementanddisposalofusedfuelandhighlevelwasteproposesapilotinterimstorage
facilitythatcouldacceptontheorderof3,000tonsofspentfuel
andbeoperationalby2021.ItisclearthatDOEwouldconsider
thispilotevolvingintoalargernationalinterimstoragefacility.
DOEproposesthatlargerfacilityopenby2025.
WhileIdahohostinganinterimstoragefacilitywouldnothave
tobedoneattheINLsiteandisnotdirectlyrelatedtothe
lab’sresearchmission,itisreasonabletoassumeandseveral
federalofcialshavecommentedthatastatethathostssuch
afacilitycanappropriatelyargueforbenetsthatjustifythe
burdens.Oneofthosebenetswillprobablyincluderesearch
activities,infrastructureandfacilitiesthatmightotherwisebe
investmentsmadeatINLandinIdaho.
Finally,Continuedandstrengthenedcollaborationbetween
INL,Idahouniversitiesandcolleges,andIdaho-based
commercialenterprisesoffersthebesthopeofpositioningthe
statetotakeadvantageoftheseeconomicopportunitiesgoing
forward.Forexample,onerecommendationadvancedbythe
LINECommission’ssubcommitteeontechnology—establishing
“Gigantic Industrial Opportunity”
Dr. Peter B. Lyons, DOE Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy,
offered this description of what awaits states that embrace
broader engagement in the nuclear energy sector.
20ReportoftheBlueRibbonCommissiononAmerica’sNuclearFuture,p.34
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anewnuclearmanufacturingresearchcenterinIdaho—could
beinstrumentalindevelopingadvancedtechnologysolutions
tomeettheneedsofcurrentandfuturenuclearreactorsand
helpIdaho-basedrmscompeteeffectivelyaspartofthe
internationalnuclearsupplychain.Sucharesearchcentercould
bemodeledaftertheNuclearAdvancedManufacturingResearch
CenterrecentlyestablishedintheUnitedKingdomandcouldbe
ledbyaconsortiumthatincludestheeducationalandresearch
institutionscurrentlyinvolvedinCAES(i.e.,BSU,INL,ISU,
UI)aswellasleadingindustrialrmssuchasAREVA,GE,and
Westinghouse,etc.Inthismodel,engineersanddesignersfrom
private-sectorrmswouldworkhand-in-handwithuniversity
andnationallabresearcherstodevelopnewconceptsand
productsinresponsetorapidlyevolvingregulatoryandmarket
demands.Suchcollaborationhassubstantialpotentialtohelp
ensurethelong-termsuccessandgrowthofIdaho’scommercial
nuclearinterests,andtherebyprovidedurablebenetsforthe
state’seconomyasawhole.
Overview and Recommendations
The Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future was formed by the Secretary of Energy at the request of the President, following the Administration’s
decision to terminate work on a planned nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain i n Nevada. The Yucca Mountain project began in 1987, and the repository
was intended to serve as the final resting place for much of the nation’s spent nuclear fuel and other high-level waste. However, the state of Nevada never
consented to host the repository, and stiff resistance from the state contributed to extensive delays in completing the project; by law, the repository was
supposed to open by 1998, but at the time the project was terminated most estimates foresaw the repository opening in 2020 at t he very earliest.
All told, at the time of the Administration decision more than $10 billion had been spent on investigations, repository design, license application development
and other Yucca Mountain project activities. The President directed that the 15-member Blue Ribbon Commission be formed to conduct a comprehensive review
of policies for managing the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle and recommend a new strategy.
The nuclear waste management strategy recommended by the Blue Ribbon Commission includes eight key elements:
1. A new, consent-based approach to siting future nuclear waste management facilities.
2. A new organization dedicated solely to implementing the waste management program and empowered with the authority and resources to succeed.
3. Access to the funds nuclear utility ratepayers are providing for the purpose of nuclear waste management.
4. Prompt efforts to develop one or more geologic disposal facilities.
5. Prompt efforts to develop one or more consolidated storage facilities.
6. Prompt efforts to prepare for the eventual large-scale transport of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste to consolidated storage and disposal facilities
when such facilities become available.
7. Support for continued U.S. innovation in nuclear energy technology and for workforce development.
8. Active U.S. leadership in international efforts to address safety, waste management, non-proliferation, and security concerns.
Congress directed the Administration to submit an implementation plan for the Blue Ribbon Commission report by July 2012. It was submitted in January
2013. Legislation was introduced in Congress in 2012 to implement many of the recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Commission, but thus far none of these
legislative proposals have become law.
BLUE RIBBON COMMISSION ON AMERICA’S NUCLEAR FUTURE
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COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS
AsdiscussedintheIntroduction,theLINECommissionformedvesubcommitteestoaidintheinvestigationofspecicareasincludedintheexecutiveorderthatformedtheCommission.Eachsubcommitteewastaskedwithdevelopingalistofpreliminaryrecommendationsthat
respondtothekeyissuesthesubcommitteewasaskedtoaddress.Fullsubcommitteereports,includingadditionalbackgroundandanalysis,canbeaccessedat www.line.idaho.gov .
Thesubcommitteesbroughtforthanextensivesetofrecommendationstothefull
Commission.Thesubcommitteerecommendations,alongwithpubliccommentonthesubcommitteerecommendations,werereviewedanddiscussedbythefullLINE
Commission.
TheLINECommissionhasstudiedtheburdensandbenetstotheStateofIdahothat
accompanythenuclearresearchmissionofINLandthepresenceofastrongnuclearsector
inthestate.Wearecondentthesignicantbenetsoutlinedelsewhereinthereportfar
outweighthelimited,andmanageable,burdensthatarisefromthepresenceofINLin
Idaho.
Therefore,recognizingthatthenuclearenergyindustriessectorfacessignicantchallenges,
theLINECommissionnonethelessbelievesthataproactiveapproachtostrengtheningand
leveragingitsexistingnuclearcompetenciescouldbeofsubstantiallong-termeconomicandstrategicvaluetotheStateofIdaho.Inparticular,theLINECommissionfullysupports
theleadlaboratorydesignationandbelievesstronglythatthestateshouldendeavorto
protectthedesignationandthelab’senduringnuclearmission.
Ouranalysisofthisframeworkresultedinaseriesofndingsorguidingprinciplesthat
informedtheLINECommission’srecommendations.
FindingNo.1:SafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionareNon-Negotiable
FindingNo.2StorageandDisposalTechnologiesHaveMarkedlyImproved
FindingNo.3:TheDecisiononYuccaMountainDemandstheState’sAttention
FindingNo.4:NuclearTechnologiesRepresentaSignicantIndustrialOpportunity
SpecicactionsrecommendedbytheCommissionaregroupedaccordingtosix,
overarchingstrategicprioritiesthatformthecoreoftheCommission’srecommendations.
TheCommissionrecommendsthattheStateofIdaho:
1.ContinuetoworkcooperativelywiththeU.S.DepartmentofEnergyandotherimpacted
statestoaddressremainingenvironmentalrisksandcontinuecleanupattheINLsite.
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2.ExerciseleadershipastheU.S.formulatesfederalenergy
andnuclearwastemanagementpolicies
3.CapitalizeonIdaho’snucleartechnologycompetenciesby
supportingthegrowthofexistingnuclearbusinesses,the
correspondinginfrastructure,andtheattractionofnew
nuclearbusinesses
4.InvestinitsinfrastructuretoenableINLandIdaho
universitiestosuccessfullycompeteforU.S.andglobal
researchopportunities
5.DevelopandpromotetheCenterforAdvancedEnergy
Studiesasaregional,nationalandglobalresourcefor
nuclearenergyresearch
6.Strengthenandexpandnucleareducationandworkforce
trainingofferings
Eachoftheserecommendations–andsupportingactions–isdiscussedindetailbelow.
CONTINUE TO WORK COOPERATIELY
WITH THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
AND OTHER IMPACTED STATES TO
ADDRESS REMAINING ENIRONMENTAL
RISKS AT THE INL SITE
Thelong-termviabilityofINLandofnuclearactivitiesin
Idahoisdependentuponthecontinuedsuccessfulcleanupof
theINLsiteandprotectionoftheSnakeRiverPlainAquifer.Inshort,thestateshouldcontinuetoworkwiththefederal
governmenttocompletethecleanupeffortsinitiatedbythe
1995SettlementAgreement.Idahocontinuestobenetfrom
thecleanupeffortsthatarecurrentlyunderwayattheINL
site.Inparticular,theSettlementAgreementhasgivenDOE
andtheIdahoCongressionalDelegationsubstantialleverage
inensuringthatIdahosecuresitsshareoffederalcleanup
dollars.TheSettlementAgreementalsohadtheeffectof
raisingenvironmentalawarenessatDOEandamongits
contractorsandemployees,whichhashelpedfosteraculture
ofongoingenvironmentalimprovementattheINLsite.
Asweheardconsistentlythroughoutourinvestigation,
Idaho’senvironment–particularlytheSnakeRiverPlain
Aquifer–mustbeprotected.Weagree.Workingcloselywith
U.S.DepartmentofEnergytosecurethenecessaryfunding
tocompletetheremainingcleanupefforts,andtocontinue
thehighestlevelofsafetygoingforward,areprerequisite
toensuringthelong-termviabilityofINLandofnuclear
activitiesinIdaho.ProtectingIdaho’senvironmentandthe
SnakeRiverPlainAquiferhasbeenandmustremainthe
highestpriorityforthestate.
Ofcourse,notallwastespresentthesamelevelofrisktopeopleandtheenvironment.TheSettlementAgreementplacedthe
cleanupfocuswhereitbelongs–ongettingtheriskiestwastes
(suchasliquidtankwastes,buriedtransuranicwastesand
spentfuelinlong-termwetstorage)intosafercongurations;
removingandsolidifyingtankwastes,exhumingandstabilizing
buriedtransuranicwastes,andmovingspentfuelfromwetto
drystorageforthelong-term.Afactualunderstandingofthese
variouswastes,andofthedramaticallydifferentlevelofhazard
theypresenttopeopleandtheenvironment,willbeessentialto
futuredecision-making.
AsnotedintherstpartoftheExecutiveSummary,cleanup
effortstodatehaveadvancedsteadilyandlargelyontrack.
TechnicalissuesattheICP’sIntegratedWasteTreatmentUnit
(IWTU)havedelayedthetreatmentofsomeliquidwastes,
buttheseissuesdonotseeminsurmountableandtheliquid
wasteisbeingsafelystoredintheinterim.TheCommission
recommendsthatthestatecloselymonitorprogressatthe
IWTUandtakermaction,includingpenaltiesifnecessary,
underexistingagreementsifstart-upandprocessingdoesnot
commenceina2013–2015timeframe.
Morebroadly,theCommissionrecommendsthatthestatecontinuetosustainandcommunicateitscommitmentto
safetyandtheenvironment.Thiscouldincludeaneffort
tohighlighttheimportantandeffectiveroleplayedbythe
SettlementAgreementandbytheIdahoDepartmentof
EnvironmentalQuality’sINLOversightProgram.Thelatter
agencyistheappropriatebodytoinvestigateandrespond
toconcernsraisedbythepublic;italsoplaysanimportant
roleincoordinatingthestate’sroleintransportationand
emergencyresponsemeasuresfortheINLsite.
WithregardtocurrentactivitiesattheINLsite,theCommission
believestheStateofIdahoshouldcontinuetosupport:
• TheworkbeingdoneattheNavalReactorsFacility(NRF),
includingtheNRF’sapproachtoimplementingdrystorage
forusednuclearfuel.Giventheimportantnational
securitydimensionsofthiswork,theCommissionendorses
andadvocatesforcontinuingtheNRF’smissionand
recapitalizingitsfacilitiesasproposed.
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• ThecontinuationoftheAdvancedMixedWasteTreatment
Project(AMWTP),toprocessotherDOEwastesafter
fulllingitscleanupobligationsundertheSettlement
Agreement.Over$1billionhasbeeninvestedinthis
facility,whichisanationalasset.OncetheIdahocleanup
effortsarecompletedthefacilitiesattheAMWTPcouldbe
effectivelyusedtoassistinthecharacterizationandcleanup
beingperformedatothernationallocations.
• TheapproachbeingtakenatICP’sRadioactiveWaste
ManagementComplex(RWMC)toexhume,sort,
categorizeandshipburiedwasteoutofIdaho.Tofollow
uponthisproject,thestateshouldrequireaformal
monitoringandresearcheffort,conductedinIdaho,to
ensurethatplannedremediationmeasures,includinga
futurecapoverthesite,remaineffectiveinprotecting
publichealthandsafety.
AsnotedintheSettlementAgreementdiscussion,oneaspect
thatmaywarrantfurtherinvestigationisthe2035deadline
forprocessingcalcinewasteintoa“repositoryready”form
fordisposalorstorageoutsideofIdaho.Industryexperts
acknowledgethistypeofwasteposesverylittle
risktotheenvironmentinitscurrentform.The
stateshouldbemindfulofpastprecedentwhere
theSettlementAgreementhasbeenmodiedin
negotiatingarrangementsthatareinthestate’sbest
interestsandadvancethefundamentalmissionofthelab.Thus,thestateshouldbeopento
alternativeapproachesforthecalcine;thiscould
includethepossibilityofkeepingthecalcineinits
current,safestoragecongurationsolongasany
changeinplansbroughtcommensuratevaluetothe
StateofIdaho,suchasredirectingthefundssaved
tootherINLprojects.
The Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment facility
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AGREEMENT PROVIDED NECESSARY LEVERAGE TO INITIATE CRITICAL,
AND LARGELY SUCCESSFUL, CLEANUP WORK.
1. Stopped disposal of other states’ nuclear waste at INL.
2. Accelerated remediation of threats to Snake River Aquifer.
3. Substantially mitigated further contamination to the environment.
4. Initiated use of engineered landfills and other disposal strategies to
protect the aquifer.
PRIORITIED THE PROTECTION OF IDAHO’S ENVIRONMENT AND THE
SNAKE RIVER AQUIFER.
1. Established priorities and deadlines for removal of highest
environmental risks.
2. Initiated predictable provisions for moving forward.
3. Created permanent focus on the Snake River Aquifer and its current
and future beneficiaries.
ESTABLISHED LEGAL, CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS FOR IDAHO TO HOLD THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABLE.
1. Established fixed timeframes and milestones for cleanup activities.
2. Established a financial penalty to benefit Idaho for non-
performance.
3. Allowed mission critical fuel shipments to continue (Navy, DOE).
4. Enables state to block future shipments if deadlines are missed.
1995 SETTLEMENT AGREEMENTENDURING STRENGTHS (Non-negotiable) CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHANGE
FAILURE TO LICENSE THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN REPOSITORY MAY JEOPARDIE
IDAHO’S INTERESTS WITH REGARD TO NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT:
1. Recent policies confirm the federal government will not likely have a
repository for Idaho waste by 2035.
2. May relegate Idaho to a “de facto interim storage site” without
meaningful financial rewards in return.
THE FINANCIAL PENALTY IS SUBJECT TO CAVEATS.
1. Fine is not guaranteed; subject to appropriation by the federal
government.
2. Could create significant court and legal costs for Idaho to enforce.
3. Fine is not adjusted for inflation. By 2035, deterrent value will be
significantly diminished.
4. A diminished fine may create incentive for federal government to
not remove waste.
TO CONTINUE INL’S ABILITY TO PERFORM NEW RESEARCH, ADDITIONAL
ACCOMMODATIONS, BEYOND THE CURRENT RESEARCH ALLOWANCES,
MAY BE NECESSARY.
1. Future research missions will likely include fuel storage safety and
technology. Research quantities would exceed current allowances.
2. Calcine waste is stable in its current state. Future funding intended for
“repackaging” could be redirected for additional research missions.
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EXERCISE LEADERSHIP AS THE U.S.
FORMULATES FEDERAL ENERGY AND
NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Monitor, Inuence and Act on Federal Nuclear Policy
Federalnuclearwastepolicyisinux.Whilethisuncertainty
raisesveryrealquestionsaboutthefateofthespentfueland
high-levelwastealreadybeingstoredinIdaho,itmayalso
presentopportunitiesforboththeprivateandpublicsectors
inthestate.Thestateshouldseektoparticipatein,inuence,
andcapitalizeonnuclearwastepolicyformulationand
implementationoverthecomingyearsanddecades.
Forexample,theCommissionbelievesthatINLshouldlead
anyfederalresearcheffortonlong-termdryfuelstorage
research;suchresearchisbothanaturalextensionofongoing
workatthelabandisconsistentwiththeprovisioninthe
SettlementAgreementthatnamesINLtheleadDOElabfor
spentfuelresearch.Suchaneffortmayinclude
theadditionofafewcommercialspentfuel
storagecaskstothedozensofdrystoragecasks
alreadylocatedatthesite.
Giventhesignicantandgrowingcompetition
amongDOElaboratoriesforlimitedresearch
funding,theLINECommissionbelievesthe
lab’slong-termviabilitywouldbesignicantly
harmedbyaninabilitytoacquireappropriateandnecessaryresearchmaterials.Therefore,the
LINECommissionconcludesthestateshould
beopentolimitedwaiversof,orchangesto,
theAgreementtoenableINLtofulllitslead
laboratorymission.TheLINECommission
pointstothe2011agreementonsmallresearch
quantitiesofspentfuelasanexampleofthe
typeofmodestaccommodationthatmaybeneededagainin
thefuturetofacilitatetheongoingmissionofthelaboratory.
AsmentionedpreviouslytheBRCrecommendedconsent-
basedinterimstoragesites.TheAdministrationrecentlyendorsedthispathforwardandwillbeseekinglegislation.
Somecommercialinterestsandlocalgovernmentshave
suggestedthatIdahoexplorethepossibilityofhostingof
aconsolidatedcommercialspentfuelstoragefacility.The
Commissionbelievesconsolidatedinterimstoragecouldbe
conductedsafelyandsecurelywithinIdaho’sboundaries,and
that,asstatedtotheCommissionbyDOEAssistantSecretary
PeteLyons,suchastoragefacilityrepresentsasubstantial
economicopportunity.
WhiletheCommissionbelievesconsolidatedstoragecanbe
(andis)conductedsafelyandsecurelywithinIdaho,current
federalwastemanagementpolicyhasnotevolvedtothepointthatgivesstategovernmentsenoughclarityorsufcient
leveragetonegotiateandenforcesitingagreementswiththe
federalgovernment.
TheCommissionnotesitsdecisiontoexcludefromits
recommendationsaprovisioncontainedintheprogress
reportrelatedtoaPilotU.S.RegionalInterimStorage
Facility.TheCommissionheardbothsupportandopposition
tothatideaduringthepubliccommentperiod,but,asstated
previously,believesfederalpolicyhasnotevolvedsufciently
toconsidersuchadecision.
Idaho’sinterestinthelabneedstobeprotected.Toensure
thatthenationbenetsfromIdaho’s60yearsofexperience
innuclearenergytechnology,thestateshouldexercise
leadershipastheU.S.considerschangestoitsnuclearwaste
managementpolicies.Thiscanbestbeachievedbyforming
astandingNuclearAdvisoryCouncilthatwouldmonitorandperiodicallyreviewfederaldevelopmentsandmake
recommendationsregardingfederalnuclearwastepolicy.The
Councilcouldalso,attherequestoftheGovernor,reviewthe
burdensandbenetsofhostingINL,identifycommercial
nuclearsectoropportunities,andcoordinatewiththe
Governor’sIdahoStrategicEnergyAlliancetoprovideadviceon
nuclearenergypolicyandrelatedscienticandtechnicalissues.
Long-term dry storage casks at INL
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Inparticular,theCommissionrecommendstheproposed
NuclearAdvisoryCouncilengagecloselyintheevolutionof
nationalpolicyasitaddressesDOE’sstrategyformanagement
anddisposalofusedfuelandhighlevelwasteandparticularly
intheareaofinterimstorage.TheCouncilshouldadvise
stateleadershipandthepubliconprogress,opportunities
andchallengesinthisarea.
Elevate the Conversation with the Citizens of Idaho
ThefollowingcommentreceivedfromtheLeagueofWomen
VotersofIdahohighlightsanotherveryimportantleadership
rolethestateneedstoprovide:
“Citizenswholackfullinformationoraccesstoarobust
andentirelyopendialoguewillalwaysmovetoaless
productiveposition.ThecitizensofIdahoneedtime,
spacesandmeanstolearn,frame,andconsidertheinevitablechoicesandtheirprosandcons.Soundpublic
processwillrequireaccesstobalancedinformationand
opportunitiesforthecitizensofIdahotogenerateandown
theirchoices.
Attheendoftheday,wehaveallbeenbeneciariesof
nuclearpower.Assuch,weallhavetherelatedobligationto
bepartofaninformedsearchforaresponsibleapproach
tothemanagementofthewaste.Thisistrulyanational
challengethatcrossesstateboundaries,buttheexistenceand
workoftheLINECommissionhasbroughtthissearchto
ourstate.Itistimetoprovideapublicprocessrespectfulof
thecitizensofIdaho.TherecommendationsfromtheLINE
Commissioncanandshouldprovidethestartingpoint.” 21
Weagree.ThenuclearindustryanditslegacyinIdaho,coupled
withtheopportunitiesandrelatedchallenges,presentsone
ofthemostimportantissuesinthehistoryofthestate.The
citizensofIdahoneedampletimeandtheabilitytocontinue
abalanceddiscussionregardingtheseissues.Important
decisionsforthestatewerenalizedin1995byGovernor
Batt.Meanwhile,signicantshiftshaveoccurredinfederal
policy,advancementshaveoccurredintechnology,andchangcontinuestorequireadjustmentswithintheindustry.These
changeshavecreatednewquestionsandwarrantthestate’s
renewedattention.Thesenewandimportantquestionson
boththenearhorizonandthelongtermhorizonneedto
beaddressedforthestatetoeffectivelysupportINLand
determinetheappropriatepolicyforthestate.
TheCommissionrecommendstheGovernorinitiateand
monitoranefforttoprovide“accesstobalancedinformation
andopportunitiesforthecitizensofIdahotogenerateand
owntheirchoices.”Thesedutiescouldbedelegatedtothe
NuclearAdvisoryCouncilrecommendedaboveoranother
comparablegrouptofacilitatetheseefforts.Regardlessofhow
itisprovided,thecitizensofIdahodeserveampletimeand
informationtounderstandthesecomplexandcriticalissues
andmakechoicesonbalancedandaccurateinformation.
Inadditiontoadvisingthestate’spoliticalleadership,the
Councilcould:
• WorkwithIdaho’sCongressionalDelegationtopersuade
federalpolicymakers—includingCongress,OMBandDOE—
thatthenation’sscalinterestsarebestservedbyconcentrating
andconsolidatingnuclearenergyresearchcapabilities,tothe
maximumextentpracticable,inIdahoatINL.
• PursueincreasedcollaborationandfundingforR&Dfrom
foreigngovernmentsandoverseascommercialbusinesses
inthosecountriesthathaveactivenuclearpowerexpansion
initiatives.
• CoordinatetheStateofIdaho’sinvolvementinplanned
andproposedeventsliketheAmericanNuclearSociety’s
Global2013conference,aninternationalconferenceon
nuclearsafety,andaWesternRegionalEnergySummitto
promoteastrongpoliticalvoiceforourenergyrichregion
ofNorthAmerica.
CAPITALIZE ON IDAHO’S NUCLEAR
TECHNOLOGY COMPETENCIES BY
SUPPORTING THE GROWTH OF
EXISTING NUCLEAR BUSINESSES, THE
CORRESPONDING INFRASTRUCTURE,
AND THE ATTRACTION OF NEW
NUCLEAR BUSINESSES
Idaho’snuclear-trainedworkforceanditscommercial,
research,educationandtrainingactivitiesrepresentakey
Idahocompetencyandamajoreconomicdriver.Thenuclear
sectoralsoplaysanimportantroleinthediversicationof
Idaho’seconomy,whichhastraditionallybeenhighlyreliant
onagriculture,forestryandmining.TheCommission
recommendsthestatetakeseveralstepstosetthestageforfuture
investmentsinnuclearenergyresearchandoperationsinIdaho.
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• Supportnewoptionsforpromotingresearch,development,
demonstrationanddeployment(RDDandD)andpublic-
privatepartnerships.DOE’sabilitytofacilitatesuch
partnershipsfornuclearenergyRDD&Disconstrained
bycontractuallimitationsinnancialrisksharing,
indemnication,intellectualpropertyrightsandother
typicalcommercialtermsandconditions.Thestateshould
encourageitsFederalDelegationtoexaminethisissueand
createsomenewmechanismstosupportpublic-private
partnershipstoadvancenuclearenergytechnologies.
• Encourageinvestmentinsmallmodularreactors(SMRs),
whichmaypresentthemostpromisingnewnuclear
technologyopportunityfortheindustryandforIdaho.
Becausestatesthatgetinvolvedearlywillhaveacompetitive
advantageinattractingmanufacturinginvestmentifmarkets
forSMRsmaterialize,Idaho’sDepartmentofCommerceshouldbechargedwithworkingdirectlywithSMRdevelopers
totoutIdaho’sadvantages(includingaskillednuclear
workforce,lowenergycosts,pro-businessenvironmentand
accesstoroad,railandbargetransportation)andtoexplore
thetypesofincentivesthatwouldmakethestatemore
attractiveasthehostofanSMRdemonstrationprojectoran
SMRmanufacturingfacility.Thedepartmentshouldalsobe
chargedwithexploringcleanenergyandotherincentivesthat
couldhelplowertheamountofup-frontcapitalneededto
constructademonstrationplant.
• Considerandadoptlegislationtocreateappropriate,competitivetaxpoliciesandpromoteastableregulatory
environmentaimedatpromotinginvestmentinIdaho’s
nuclearindustry.Thiscouldincludeassemblingand
aggressivelymarketingan“IdahoEnergyResearchIncentive
Package”thatincludesanenhancedstateinvestmenttax
credit,realpropertyimprovementtaxcredit,andR&Dcredit,
whilepossiblyalsoincludingcounty-authorizedproperty
taxexemptions,industrialrevenuebondsand-potentially
–authorizationfromDOEtooffersomeofitsfacilities/
resourcesasa“NuclearEnergyParkInitiative”testbed.
INEST IN INFRASTRUCTURE TO
ENABLE INL AND IDAHO UNIERSITIESTO SUCCESSFULLY COMPETE FOR
U.S. AND GLOBAL RESEARCH
OPPORTUNITIES
Advance Existing Nuclear Specialties
TheexistingresearchinfrastructureatINLandatthestate’s
universitiesincludessomeofthebestandmostversatile
nuclearandcriticalinfrastructuretestingfacilitiesinthe
world.Thisinfrastructurerepresentsmanybillionsofdollars
ofinvestment,primarilyoffederalandstatetaxpayerfunds,
andmanyofthefacilitiesinIdahoareone-of-a-kindor wouldbeprohibitivelyexpensivetoreplace.Maintainingand
buildingonthiscapabilitywillrequireinvestmentsfromthe
federalgovernment,thestate,andprivateentities.
Havingreviewedthisinfrastructureandsoughtexpert
input,theCommissionbelievestheStateofIdahoshould
chargetheproposedIdahoNuclearAdvisoryCouncilwith
reviewingand,asappropriate,identifyingavenuesandmeans
forthestatetosupport,throughadvocacyandappropriate
investmentincentives,effortstobringadditionalfacilities,
capabilities,andprogramstoINL.Thiscouldincludenewor
restoredreactor,post-irradiationexamination,energysystem
demonstrationandcomputingcapabilities.
Additionally,thestateshouldworktoestablishanAdvanced
NuclearManufacturingResearchCenterinIdaho,modeled
afterasimilarcenterrecentlyestablishedintheUK.The
purposeofthisnewinstitutionwouldbetodevelopadvanced
manufacturingsolutionsforcurrentandfuturenuclear
reactors,helpmembersbepartoftheinternational
nuclearsupplychain,andsupportskillsdevelopmentand
qualitymanagement.
Advance Non-Nuclear Capabilities
TheCommissionwelcomestherecentdesignationof
INL’swirelesstestbedasanofcialDOENationalUser
Facility.Thisdesignationwillsupportnationalmissionsin
smartgridandspectrumallocationresearch,andincrease
federal/commercialfundinginINL’sresearch.The
StateofIdahowillbeneteconomicallyfromindustry
The new Irradiated Materials Characterization Lab at INL
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collaborationasmajorcarriersaccessINLaswellassmall
businessincubationinanewlyevolvingtechnologicalarea.
ThestateshouldadvocatefordesignationoftheINLsite
electricalgridasanofcialDOENationalUserFacility
–amovethatwouldsupportnationalmissionsinsmartgridresearch,
increasefederal
andcommercial
fundingfor
INLresearch,
andencourage
incubationofnew
smallbusinesses
inanevolving
technologicalarea.
Thestateshould
alsoencourage
establishmentofthePacicNorthwestCyberCenter
(PNCC),anewIdaho-centeredconceptintendedto
addressthenationalchallengeofsharingnationalsecurity
informationbetweentheU.S.governmentandinfrastructure
assetowners.Fundamentally,PNCCwouldbeanINL-
located,Idaho-ledinitiativetoprovidesurroundingstates
andtheirinfrastructureassetowners(utilities)accessto
actionableintelligenceonindustrialcontrolsystemcyber
securitythreats.
Fromacapabilityconsolidationandoperationalcollaboration
perspective,thestate–throughtheNuclearAdvisoryCouncil
–shouldadvocateasappropriatefornon-nuclearcapabilities
andinfrastructureimprovementsandforexpandeduseof
INLfacilitiesbyotherfederalagenciesindiverseareassuch
asemergencyrstresponsetraining,regulatorysupport,
physicalandcybersecurity,andsupercomputing.
FirstResponderTrainingisparticularlyimportanttoensure
citiesandstatesareprotectedagainstradiologicalthreatsand
thatrespondersareprocientinthreatmitigation.Thestate
shouldadvocateforINLtoproviderstrespondertraining
regionallytohospitals,medicalfacilitiesandindustrialsites.
ThestateshouldalsoassistINLinrecruitinggovernment
agenciessuchasNRC,DOT,EPA,andFAAtoconsolidate
theirresearch,testing,training,andinspectionprogram
workatINL.ThestateshouldadvocateforINLtosupport
regionalregulators.
TheINLcomputingcenterisnowatcapacity.INL,in
collaborationwiththestateuniversitiesandtheIdaho
RegionalOpticalNetwork(IRON),hasformedtheIdaho
ComputingConsortium(ICC)intendedtoshareresearch
levelsupercomputingacrossallinstitutionsforcollaborative
researchandtogaineconomyofscaleonthese verylargeinvestments.Anadditional$6-10M
willmorethandoubleINL’sandtheIdaho
ComputingConsortium’scapacityenabling
thenext10yearsofsimulation,modeling,and
generalresearch.Thestateshouldendorsethis
expansionandseektheresourcestomakethis
investmentintheICC.Thestateshouldalso
considerexpandingtheICCregionally.The
stateshouldalsoconsiderpartneringwithIRON
andINLfornonprot,education,virtualrural
healthcare,andstatewideresearchtoexpand
highspeedbandwidthtoallcommunitiesin
centralandsouthernIdaho.
• Finally,fromaphysicalfacilitiesstandpoint,theState
ofIdahoshouldinvestigateworkingwithBonneville
County,theCityofIdahoFalls,andprivatedeveloperson
developmentofaScienceandTechnologyParknorthof
theexistingUniversityPlaceandtheUniversityBoulevard
Campus.Thestateshouldalsoinvestigatetransportation
improvementsintheINLarea,includingoptionsto
expandHighway20ortakeotheractionstoimprovesafetyandreducecongestion;thepossibilityoftransferring
responsibilityforroadmaintenanceontheINLsitetothe
IdahoTransportationDepartment;protectionofright-of-
wayinterestsonroadsthatrunthroughINL;opportunities
tolocateberopticcablesduringroadconstruction;and
improvedpedestrianaccessamongfacilitiesatUniversity
PlaceandtheUniversityBoulevardCampus.Methods
shouldbeformalizedthatprotectINLdesertoperations
sitefromnoise-generatingexternalinfrastructuretothe
maximumextentpossibleandconsistentwithDOE’s
missiontopromotedevelopmentofenergygenerationandtransmissioninfrastructure.
Finally,thestateshouldencourageimproved
communicationandinteractionbetweenINLsecurity
forcesandstateandlocallawenforcementtargetedtowards
physicalsecurity,cybersecurity,criticalinfrastructure
protection,andinteroperableconnectivity.
A portion of INL’s isolable electric grid
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DEELOP AND PROMOTE THE CENTER
FOR ADANCED ENERGY STUDIES
AS A REGIONAL, NATIONAL AND
GLOBAL RESOURCE FOR NUCLEAR
ENERGY RESEARCH
TheCenterforAdvancedEnergyStudiespartnershipamong
Idaho’sresearchuniversitiesandINLhasproventobeone
ofthemostsuccessfulcollaborationsamongfederaland
stategovernmentandprivateindustry.Otherstates,such
asTennessee,Illinois,andNewMexico,havealonghistory
ofworkingcollaborativelywiththefederalgovernmenton
nationallaboratory-relatedprojectsthatcanbenetboth
thefederal
government
andthestate
(particularlystate-funded
universities).
Thecapabilities
atCAESprovide
numerous
opportunities
toimplement
researchand
educationprogramsthatadvanceIdaho’sroleinenergy
researchandcollaboration.
TheCommissionrecommendstheGovernorenterinto
discussionswithneighboringstatestoexpandtheroleof
CAESintoaregionalresearchfacilityandestablishjoint
fundingandresearchcollaborationwiththosestates.Aligning
thecollectivecapabilitiesandresourcesoftheintermountain
stateswouldstrengthenthestrategicroletheintermountain
regioncouldplayinenergyresearchandelevatethe
capabilitiesofCAESundertheexpandedcollaboration.
Inaddition,theCommissionrecommendsusingCAESasa
focalpointforseveralnewinitiatives:
• Implementanupgradeplanforthefacilities,
instrumentation,equipmentandothernuclearscience,
engineeringandtechnologyresearchinfrastructureat
Idaho’suniversitiesandtechnicalschoolstofacilitate
world-classundergraduateandgraduateeducation.
• Assessthelong-termfeasibilityofestablishinganon-degree-
granting“IdahoPolytechnicInstitute,”astatewideeducational
collaborationbetweenIdaho’suniversitiesanditscommunity
andtechnicalcollegeswiththegoalofprovidingapplied
scienceandtechnologydegreeoptionsatalllevels.
• Determine,incooperationwiththeInternationalAtomic
EnergyAgencyandtheWorldAssociationofNuclear
Operators,theroleIdahoeducationalinstitutionscanplay
inassistingemergingnuclearpowercountries.
• ExpandthemissionofCAEStoaddresswaterqualityissues.
• ExpandtheroleofCAEStoincludeafocusoneducation
andtrainingfornuclearandworkplacesafety,including
thedevelopmentofpartnershipswithacademiesand
professionalsocieties.
• DevelopapartnershipbetweenINL,theIdahoDepartment
ofCommerce,andIdahouniversitiestoidentifyareas
wherenuclearenergyRDDcapabilitycanbeleveraged
tonon-nuclearglobalenergymarketsfromIdaho-based
corporations.
• Establishanindustry-drivenNuclearTalentTaskForceto
deneandresolveworkforceissuesandchallengesspecic
totherigor,disciplineandrequirementsofthenuclear
research,developmentandoperationscommunity.
• LeverageandsystematicallyintegrateexistingK-12and
STEMeducationinitiativesthroughoutthestatewith
effortsdescribedintheaboverecommendationsto
improvepost-secondarynuclearscience,engineeringand
technologyeducationandthereadinessofstudentstoenter
theseprograms.
STRENGTHEN AND EXPAND NUCLEAR
EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE
TRAINING OFFERINGS
Idaho’suniversitiesandcollegeshavelongplayedanessential
roleinmeetingtheworkforceneedsofINLandotherIdaho
concerns.TheCommissionbelievesthisimportantcapability
canbeaugmentedbytheappropriationof$5millionfrom
theIdahoGeneralFundtobuildonexistingcollaborationsbetweenthestate’sresearchuniversitiesandtechnicalcolleges
andtoexpandthereachandscopeofIdaho’sSTEMchannels
fornuclearenergyeducationandworkforcedevelopment.
Specicactionscouldinclude:
• ImplementingasustainablefundingmodelfortheNuclear
Operations/EngineeringTechnologyAssociateinApplied
ScienceDegreeProgramatIdahoStateUniversity’sEnergy
he Center for Advanced Energy
udies (CAES) in Idaho Falls
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SystemsTechnologyandEducationCenter(ESTEC)and
upgradingthetworemainingESTECenergytechnician
programs.
• ExpandingtheroleofIdaho’suniversitiesinINLactivities.
TheuniversitiescouldalsotakeadvantageofINL’scutting
edgeresearchtodevelopuniquenuclearscienceand
technologycoursesthatcouldhelpcatapultIdahointothe
leadershipinnuclearengineeringeducation.
• Facilitatingstronger/moreuidworkingrelationships
betweenINLandIdahouniversitiesandbetweenUtah
andotherregionaluniversitiesandindustrieswith
complementarytechnicalstrengthsandinterests
• EstablishingIdaho’seighth“FundedResearchCenter”to
focusonwaysthestatecouldtakeadvantageofitssubstantial
thorium/rareearthelementdepositstoaccelerateR&Don
rareearthandthoriumutilizationincludingpowersystems,
electricvehicles,renewableenergysources,energy-efcient
lighting,andnationaldefensesystems.
• CreatinganIdahoEnergyStorageCenterofExcellence
toleadresearchintomoreefcient/cost-effectivegrid
stabilizingenergystoragesystems.
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
Thetableonthefollowingpagesummarizestherecommended
actionsandtherationaleforeachrecommendation.Most
oftheserecommendationscanbeaccomplishedbyexistingorganizationswithouttheexpenditureofadditionalstate
funds.However,severaloftherecommendations,particularly
thoserelatedtoeducationalandfacilityinfrastructure
improvements,mayrequireinvestmentsbythestate.Whilethe
Commissionseesvalueinthebroadcategoriesofinvestment
ithasrecommendedandisawareofmultiplesourcesoffunds
thatcouldbeaccessed,ithasnotconductedadetailedcost-
benetanalysisofeachofthemanypossibleprojectsinwhich
thestatecouldinvest.Inparticular,individualCommissioners
hadoccasiontoconferwiththeIdahoCongressional
Delegationontheissueoffederalfunding.Wearecondent
thatIdaho’sCongressionalDelegationwillsupportthestate’s
interestsandINL’sfuture.
Further,wearemindfulofthenumerouspromisesmadeto
theIdahoCongressionalDelegation,beginningin2002and
continuingthroughthere-competitionofINL’smanagementcontract,thatsavingsachievedfromthecompletionof
cleanupactivitieswouldbere-investedintheLaboratory.In
numerousdocumentsobtainedbytheCommission,DOE
directly,andrepeatedly,pledgedtoturncleanupsavingsover
totheLaboratory.
InaletterdatedFebruary5,2004,then-UnderSecretary
ofEnergyRobertCard,wrotetotheIdahoCongressional
Delegation,“…webelievethebestcontributionEMcanmake
istocompletetheacceleratedcleanupsafelyandquickly,
therebyallowingadditionalresourcestobeshiftedtothe
growthoftheIdahoNationalLaboratory.”
InaJanuary,2004overviewoftheDraftRequestsfor
Proposalsbythen-DirectoroftheOfceofNuclearEnergy,
Science,andTechnology,WilliamD.Magwoodtoldthe
IdahoCongressionalDelegationthattheDOE,“Supportsa
rapidcompletionoftheEMcleanup-upefforttocreatethe
opportunitytoshiftfundstotheNEmission.”
Asnotedelsewhereinthisreport,thecleanupfunding
proleatICPincludesroughly$400millioninannual
appropriations.Ascleanupmovestowardcompletionover
thenextseveralyears,someofthe$400millioninannual
cleanupfundingshouldbemovedtoresearcheffortat
INLconsistentwiththepromisesofDOEtotheIdaho
CongressionalDelegation.
TheCommissionrecognizesthatfulllingthepromises
madetotheIdahoCongressionalDelegationadecadeago
issubjecttofutureappropriationsandthecompetingneeds
withintheDepartmentofEnergy.However,theCommission
alsorecognizesthatmanyoftherecommendationscontained
withinthisreportcouldbefundedwithaportionofthe
savingsDOEwillachievefromthecompletionofmajorcleanupactivitiesinIdaho.
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Hold DOE accountable for missing the Settlement Agreement milestonefor liquid waste treatment.
Establish an Idaho Nuclear Advisory Council, reporting to the Governor
or his designee.
Enter into discussions with neighboring states to expand the role of
CAES into a regional research facility and establish joint funding and
research collaboration with those states.
Advocate for designation of the INL site electrical grid as an official DOE
National User Facility.
Direct the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality to engage in a concerted
effort to increase awareness of INL cleanup progress and status.
Endorse the use of the AMWTP for treatment of other DOE waste
streams, consistent with provisions in the Settlement Agreement.
Work with DOE to establish a formal monitoring and research effort,
conducted in Idaho, to ensure that planned buried waste remediation
measures remain effective in protecting public health and safety.
Charge the Idaho Department of Commerce to work with small modular
reactor (SMR) developers and other nuclear energy firms to explorethe types of incentives that would make the state more attractive for
investment by such firms.
Maintain a dialogue with t he Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and other
interested Idaho tribes about the potential development of nuclear
energy facilities at locations in which they have an interest.
Charge the Idaho Nuclear Advisory Council with reviewing and, as
appropriate, identifying avenues and means for the state to support efforts
to bring additional facilities, capabilities, and programs to INL.
Investigate development of a Science and Technology Park adjacent to
INL and Idaho university facilities in Idaho Falls.
Investigate transportation and pedestrian access improvements in and
around INL facilities.
Use CAES as the focal point of new research and educational initiatives.
RECOMMENDATIONS: SPECIFIC ACTION STEPS
ACTION ITEM RATIONALE
Ensure the federal government and DOE understand that Idaho remainsinsistent on meeting the terms of t he Settlement Agreement.
Ensure that Idaho’s interests are protected, and ensure that the
nation benefits from Idaho’s 60 years of experience in nuclear energy
research, development, demonstration and deployment.
Meet state and regional needs in global energy markets, and improve
post-secondary nuclear science, engineering and technology education.
Support national missions and funding for smart grid research.
Encourage incubation of new small businesses in an evolving
technology area.
Raise awareness of environmental issues and progress at the INL site.
Set the stage for a fact-based public dialogue about the future of INL.
Employ this valuable asset to help meet cleanup needs across the
DOE complex.
Protect the long-term health of Idaho’s environment, particularly the
Snake River Plain Aquifer.
Set the stage for future investments in nuclear energy research and
operations in Idaho.
Ensure that the rights of Idaho tribes are upheld and that tribal
interests are considered in state decision-making.
Increase investment in and enhance the national and international
relevance of INL and its research assets.
Enhance INL/university/industry collaboration.
Improve public and worker safety, and promote increased efficiencies
at and around the INL site.
Enhance INL/university collaboration, and integrate K-12 and STEM
education initiatives to improve the readiness of students to enter
university engineering and science programs.
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APPENDIX I: COMMISSION CHARTER
THE OFFICE OF THE GOERNOR
Executive Department
State of Idaho
Boise
Executive Order No. 2012-01
ESTABLISHING THE GOERNOR’S LEADERSHIP IN NUCLEAR ENERGY (LINE) COMMISSION
WHEREAS,formorethan60years,themenandwomenofIdahoNationalLaboratory(INL)haveplayedaleadingrolein
carryingoutPresidentEisenhower’svisionofproducingpeacefulpowerfromatomicenergy;and
WHEREAS,theresearchersworkingatINLbroughthistoricandscienticdistinctiontothestateastheplacewhereausable
amountofelectricitywasrstgeneratedfromnuclearenergyin1951,andwhereatotalof52pioneeringnuclearreactorswere
designedandbuilt;and
WHEREAS,leadershipandvisionoverthepast60years,includingnegotiationofbindingagreementsbetweentheState
ofIdahoandINLhaveguidedsuccessfulcleanupeffortsoflegacywasteatthesite,helpedtransitionINLintothenation’slead
laboratoryforresearch,developmentanddeploymentofnucleartechnologiesandsolidiedIdaho’spositionasoneoftheonly
eightstatestohostamulti-programnationallaboratory;and
WHEREAS,today’sIdahoNationalLaboratoryperformscriticalworkaimedatsolvingourstate’sandnation’smostpressing
energy,securityandenvironmentalchallengesandactivelyinvolvesallthreeofIdaho’suniversitiesincarryingoutitsmission;and
WHEREAS,theStateofIdahoanditscitizenshaveaspecialinterestinseeingINLsucceedowingtothescientic,
educationalandeconomicbenetsitbringstoitshoststate;and
WHEREAS,recentevaluationsbyIdaho’sCommerceandLabordepartmentshaveidentiedarobustandexpansivenuclear
industriessectorinthestate—anchoredbyINL—thatconsistsofmorethan20rmsthatemploythousandsofIdahoans,
contributemillionsofdollarstoIdaho’sgeneralfundandhelprealizeourstate’sProject60goals;and
WHEREAS,strongleadershipisnecessarytodaytoensurethecontinuedvitalityofINLandIdaho’sgrowingnuclear
industriessector;
NOW,THEREFORE,I,C.L.“BUTCH”OTTER,GovernoroftheStateofIdaho,bytheauthorityvestedinmeunderthe
ConstitutionandlawsoftheStateofIdahodoherebycreatetheLeadershipinNuclearEnergy(LINE)Commission.
1. TheLINEcommissionwillmakerecommendationstotheGovernoronpoliciesandactionsoftheStateofIdahoto
supportandenhancethelong-termviabilityandmissionrelevanceofIdahoNationalLaboratory.
2.TheLINECommissionwillalso:
a.IdentifyopportunitiestoensuretheuniqueresearchcapabilitiesofINLcontinuetoplayanimportantroleinour
economicgrowthandthenation’senergysecurity;
b.ReviewIdaho’seffortstoprovideanuclearworkforcedevelopmentprogramandmakerecommendationsfor
improvement;
c.Identifyandpossiblelong-termissuesrelatingtooperationsatINL;
d.IdentifyadditionalopportunitiesandinvestmentsthatcanbemadeintheCenterforAdvancedEnergyStudiesin
furtheranceofhemissionofINL;
e.Identifyinfrastructureneeds(roads,rail,transmission,informationtechnology)atINL;
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f.ReviewthenalreportoftheBlueRibbonCommissionandidentifyappropriaterolesandopportunitiesforthe
enhancementofresearchanddevelopmentattheINL,whileadheringtothelong-standingpositionoftheStateofIdaho
underthe1995SettlementAgreementthatthestatewillnotbearepositoryforspentnuclearfuelorhigh-levelwaste,and
g.EvaluatepolicyoptionsforstrengtheningthebroadernuclearindustriessectorinIdaho.
3.ThedutiesoftheCommissionaresolelyadvisoryinnature.4 ThemembersoftheLINECommissionshallbeappointedbyandserveatthepleasureoftheGovernorMemberswill
include,butarenotlimitedto:
a.TheadministratoroftheOfceofEnergyResources(OER)orhisdesignee;
b.TheDirectoroftheDepartmentofCommerce(DOC)orhisdesignee,
c.TheDirectoroftheDepartmentofLabororhisdesignee;
d.Thepresidentsoftheuniversitiesofthestateortheirdesignee(s);
e.AmemberoftheIdahoHouseofRepresentatives;
f.AmemberoftheIdahoSenate;
g.Amayor;
h.Acountycommissioner;
i.ArepresentativeofthecurrentR&DcontractoratINL;
j.Arepresentativefromaprivate-sectornuclearindustriescompany;and
k.Amemberofthepublic.
5.TheGovernorwillappointthechairorco-chairsoftheLINECommission.
6.TheCommissionwillbestaffedbytheOfceoftheGovernor.
7.TheCommissionmayrequestconsultation,informationandtechnicalexpertisefromDirectorsortheirdesigneesof
thestateagenciesregardingenvironmentalrequirements,statenaturalresources,transportation,emergencyresponse
andlawenforcementissues,includingbutnotlimitedtotheDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality(DEQ),theIdaho
DepartmentofWaterResources(IDWR),theIdahoDepartmentofFishandGame(IDFG),theIdahoDepartmentofTransportation(IDT),theIdahoDepartmentofLands(IDL),theIdahoBureauofHomelandSecurity(BHS)andthe
IdahoStatePolice(ISP).
8.TheCommissionMayrequestcomments,informationandtechnicalexpertisefromtheAmericanIndianTribesof
Idahoandfederalagencies,includingbutnotlimitedtotheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)andtheU.S.Navy.
9.TheLINECommissionwillprovideitsrecommendationstotheGovernornolaterthanJanuary1,2013.
INWITNESSWHEREOF,IhavehereuntosetmyhandandcausedtobeafxedtheGreat
SealoftheStateofIdahoattheCapitolinBoiseonthis1stdayofFebruaryintheyearofour
LordtwothousandandtwelveandoftheIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmericathe
twohundredthirty-sixthandoftheStatehoodofIdahotheonehundredtwenty-second.
C.L.“BUTCH”OTTER
GOVERNOR
BENYSURSA
SECRETARYOFSTATE.
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ORGANIZATION OF THE LINE
COMMISSION’S SUBCOMMITTEES
TohelpdeveloprecommendationsfortheGovernor,the
LINECommissionformedvesubcommitteestofocuson
specicissuesofdirectimportancetotheCommission’s
missionandscopeofwork.Eachsubcommitteewaschaired
byaLINECommissionmemberandincludedCommission
membersaswellasoutsideexpertswithspecializedknowledge
andexpertiseinparticularsubjects.Thevesubcommittee
topicswere:
• SafetyandEnvironment
• Technology:Current&Future
• EducationandWorkforce
• Infrastructure
• NationalandGlobalLandscape
Eachsubcommitteepreparedareportthatincluded
background,ndings,andrecommendations
forconsiderationbythefullCommission.These
recommendationswerepresentedtothefullCommission.
Thespecictopicsandquestionscontainedineach
subcommittee’sscopeofworkarelistedbelow.
SAFETY AND ENIRONMENT
• Summarizethecurrentstrengthsanddecienciespresent
inthenationalandglobalnuclearindustryasitrelatesto
safetyandprotectingtheenvironment.
• Identifythecurrentstrengthsanddecienciespresent
intheStateofIdahoasitrelatestothestate’sabilityto
supporttheexpansionofitsroleinnuclearenergy.
• Outlinethepotentialenvironmentalandsafetyrisksthat
currentlyexistintheStateofIdahoasitrelatestothe
eventualcleanupofexistingnuclearwaste.
• Summarizethepotentialenvironmentalandsafetyrisks
thatmaycurrentlyorpotentiallyexistasitrelatestothe
continuingnuclearresearchinIdaho.Recommendsteps
theStateofIdahocouldtaketomitigateand/oreliminate
theserisks.
APPENDIX II: SUBCOMMITTEE SCOPE
• Identifypotentialpublic/privatepartnershipsorrolesthe
statecanplayinsupportingandstrengtheningINL’ssafetycapabilities.
• Identifyanyadditionalrecommendationsorobservations
thatwouldbeimportantforthestatetoconsiderinits
effortstomaintainandstrengthenitscommitmenttosafety
andenvironmentalstewardships.
Subcommittee Members:
• SylviaMedina–NorthWind(CO-CHAIRMAN)
• Dr.MarkRudin–BoiseStateUniversity
(CO-CHAIRMAN)
• Dr.RobertBreckrenridge-IdahoNationalLaboratory
• Dr.RichardBrey-IdahoStateUniversity
• RogerChase-ClearviewConsulting;IdahoStateWaterBoard
• SharonDossett-IdahoNationalLaboratory
• DonGlenn,Jr.-Unionrepresentative
• ScottGoodwin-Unionrepresentative
• PeggyHinman-NorthWind
• AmyLientz-IdahoNationalLaboratory• BrianOlmstead-TwinFallsCanalCompany
• WilliePreacher-Shoshone-BannockTribes
• SusanStiger-Bechtel
• TomWood-IdahoNationalLaboratory
TECHNOLOGY: CURRENT & FUTURE
• Identifycurrentand/orfuturetechnologiesthatwilllikely
determinethedirectionofnuclearenergyinthenation.
• Summarizethosetechnologiesandtheirpotentialinuence
onthenuclearenergyindustry,theirpotentialroleinthe
industryandtheexpectedtimingfortheirdevelopment.
• IdentifythestrategicopportunitiesforIdahotoparticipate
in,inuence,and/orbenetfromthosetechnologies.
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• IdentifypotentialopportunitiesforIdahotoleadthe
developmentorimplementationofthetechnologiesina
nationalandglobalenvironment.
• RecommendstepsIdahocouldtaketoinuence,promote
andeffectivelyparticipateinthesedevelopmentsinamannerthatpromotesthemissionandcompetitivepositionofINL
andIdaho’sfutureeconomicopportunities.
Subcommittee Members:
• JohnGrossenbacher–IdahoNationalLaboratory
(CHAIRMAN)
• Dr.GeorgeImel-IdahoStateUniversityCollegeof
Science&Engineering
• SteveLain-InternationalIsotopesInc.
• Dr.PetePlanchon-ArgonneWest(Retired)
• Dr.JohnSackett-ArgonneWest(Retired)
• SusanStiger-Bechtel
EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE
• IdentifyIdaho’scurrentstrengthsanddecienciesinthe
quality,availabilityandquantityofthenecessaryskilled
workforcetosupportINLanditsroleinnuclearenergy.
• Summarizethechallengesrelatedtoageofexistingnuclear
workersandimpendingretirementsinbothcivilianand
defenserelatednuclearestablishments.
• Summarizetheabilityofdomesticeducationalprogramsto
producequaliedgraduatesandreviewanyopportunities
and/orrequirementsassociatedwithexpandingthenumber
offoreignworkersaspartofthenuclearworkforce.
• SummarizehowIdaho’sprograms/institutionscompareto
otherstateandfederaleducationprogramsorinstitutions
thataddressworkforcetrainingforthenuclearindustry.
• Recommendstepsthatneedtobeundertakentocorrect
anydecienciesoropportunitiesthatmayexistto
strengthenIdaho’scompetitivenessindevelopingworkforce
solutionsfortheindustry.
• OutlineopportunitiesforINLtoenhancethedevelopment
ofnewnucleartechnologiesinconjunctionwithIdaho’s
universities.
Subcommittee Members:
• Dr.DuaneNellis–UniversityofIdaho(CHAIRMAN)
• BenBaker-IdahoStateUniversitynuclearengineering
student
• Dr.HaroldBlackman-BoiseStateUniversity
• RichardHolman-IdahoNationalLaboratory
• Rep.JeffThompson-IdahoHouseofRepresentatives
• RogerMadsen-IdahoDepartmentofLabor
• Dr.RobertSmith-IdahoStateUniversity
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Identifythecriticalelementsrequiredtoeffectivelysupport
theexistingandfuturegrowthofnuclearenergyinthestate.
• Outlineanyexistingoranticipateddeciencies withinIdaho’scurrentinfrastructureandprovide
recommendationsforcorrectingthosedeciencies.
• Recommendanystrategicopportunitiesthatmayexistto
complete,developorbuildadditionalinfrastructurethat
wouldenhancetheuniquecapabilitiesofINL.
• ReviewINLsecurityprotocolsinresponsetoglobal
threatsandprovideasummaryofINLcapabilitiesor
recommendationstomaintainthefocusonsecurityasa
highlevelpriority.
• ReviewcurrentscopeofadditionalINLresearchareas(i.e.nationalhomelandsecurity,energyresearch,andother
technologicalresearch)andoutlineanyimportantfuture
infrastructureneeds.
Subcommittee Members:
• SenatorBartDavis–IdahoStateSenate(CHAIRMAN)
• SethBeal-ButteCountyCommission
• JohnChatburn-Governor’sOfceofEnergyResources
• Dr.DavidHill-IdahoNationalLaboratory
• MayorJaredFuhriman-CityofIdahoFalls
• BrianNess-IdahoTransportationDepartment
• JohnSheldon-URS
• Dr.ArthurVailas-IdahoStateUniversity
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NATIONAL AND GLOBAL LANDSCAPE
• Identifyandsummarizethenationalandglobaltrendsthat
currentlyorareanticipatedtoinuencethedirectionof
nuclearenergy.
• Addressthesocial,political,nancialandregulatoryimpedimentstofuturenuclearexpansion.
• Summarizethenationalpoliticalactivitiesthatinuence
thedevelopmentoforrestrictionoftheuseofnuclear
energyinthenation’senergypolicyandfuture.
• Identifyandsummarizespecicactivitiesthatotherstates
areinitiatingorcontemplatingthatcouldinuencethe
futureofINLanditsmissions.
• Outlinetheglobaltrendsinnuclearenergyandidentify
opportunitiesforIdahotocompeteintheglobalarena
andmarkets.• Identifyanystrategicopportunitiestoinuencefuture
researchopportunitiesinallareasofINL’smissionsand
research.
• Summarizeandreviewthe1995SettlementAgreement,
milestonesalreadymetandprogresstowardfuture
milestonesundertheAgreement.
• Summarizeandreviewtherole/impactoftheAgreement
onfuturecleanupactivities,futureresearchactivities,andotherpotentialopportunitiesamidstthenationaland
globaltrendsthatmayimpactINL.
Subcommittee Members:
• SenatorLarryCraig–Retired,UnitedStatesSenate
(CHAIRMAN)
• LaneAllgood-PartnershipforScience&Technology
• RobertEdmonds-AREVA
• JohnKotek-BlueRibbonCommissiononAmerica’s
NuclearFuture/GallatinPublicAffairs• Dr.HaroldMcFarlane-IdahoNationalLaboratory
• TomPerry-OfceoftheGovernor
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APPENDIX III: LINE COMMISSION MEETING SCHEDULE AND AGENDAS
AGENDA
Saturday, April 7, 2012
9:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.
Idaho Department of Labor (1515 E. Lincoln Rd., Idaho Falls)
Time Agenda Item Owner
9:00-9:05 Welcome JeffSayer,Chairman9:05-9:15 Introductions Roundtable
9:15-9:30 OverviewofExecutiveOrderandCharter JeffSayer
9:30-10:30 OrganizationoftheCommission JeffSayer
•CommissionProtocol
•FutureMeetingDates
•Presentations
•Tours
•SubcommitteeOrganization
•ObtainingPublicInput
•ScheduleofRecommendationDevelopment •LogisticsandAdministrativeNeeds
10:30-12:00 OverviewoftheIdahoNationalLaboratory(INL) JohnGrossenbacher
Director,INL
12:00-12:30 LunchprovidedforCommissionmembers
12:30-1:00 FutureoftheNuclearIndustry JohnGrossenbacher Director,INL
1:00-1:30 Overviewof1995SettlementAgreementandIdahoDept. SusanBurke ofEnvironmentalQualityOversight INLOversightCoordinator,DEQ
1:30-2:00 StatusofClean-upatIdahoNationalLaboratorySite RickProvencher Manager,DOE-Idaho
2:00-3:00 OverviewofBlueRibbonCommission JohnKotek
3:00-4:00 ActionforNextMeeting JeffSayerandCommission
•SubcommitteeAssignments
•NextMeetingGoalsandObjectives
•MediaandOutreach–websiteandemailforpublicinput
•Speakerinvitations
4:00 Adjourn
April 7, 2012 – Idaho Falls
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LINE COMMISSION TOUR OF INL
Wednesday-Thursday, May 16-17, 2012
Attire:Sturdyshoeswithclosed-toeandclosed-heelarerequired.Mustwearlong,naturalberslacks(cotton)duetothesensitivityofINLpersonalcontaminationmonitorsandtheirabilitytoreadnaturallyoccurringradon,whichisattractedtosyntheticber(i.e.,polyester).
JeffSayer,Chairman
JohnChatburn
SenatorLarryCraig
JohnGrossenbacher
JohnKotek
DwightJohnson(Departingatnoonon5/17)
SylviaMedina
Dr.RobertSmith(Onlyon5/17)
Rep.JeffThompson
Dr.RichardJacobsen
TomPerry
BrianWhitlock
MeganRonk
CoreyTaule(Onlyon5/17)
MikeWebster(Onlyon5/17)
Wednesday, May 16 2012
Hilton Garden Inn
08:00 DeparthotelforAdvancedMixedWasteTreatmentProject............ INLTransportation/BrianWhitlock
AMWTP, INL Site
09:00 Tourcontrolroom,compactorfacility,briengonfuturemissions.................................. RickDale
Director, AMTWP Communications
10:30 Departfortourofsubsurfacedisposalarea... RickDale
10:45 DrivearoundexteriorofSDA’s,arriveatARPfortourofprocessingfacilities....... INLTransportation
11:45 DepartforNavalReactorsFacility.. INLTransportation
NRF, INL Site
12:15 ArriveatNRF,boxlunchwithNavalNuclearPropulsionProgramOverviewlunch.................JohnMcKenzie
12:50 TourNRF
2:00 DepartforIdahoNuclearTechnologyandEngineeringCenter............... INLTransportation
INTEC, INL Site
2:15 TourCPP-666spentfuelbasin,CPP-691,drivingtourofTMI...................................................................KenBrewer(666),JimmySpells(691),RandyElwood(TMI),andBillLloyd(IWTU)
CWI Employees
4:00 DepartINTECforIdahoFalls... INLTransportation
Hilton Garden Inn
5:00 ArriveHiltonGardenInn
6:15 INL-hosteddinner...............JohnGrossenbacherINL Laboratory Director
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Thursday, May 17, 2012
Hilton Garden Inn
08:00 DeparthotelforINLsite......... INLTransportation
ATR Complex, INL Site
09:00 Arrive,badgeintoATRComplex........... DonMileyINL Tours
ATR
09:15 TourAdvancedTestReactoroorandstoragecanals.................................. DonMileyandMikeLove
Director, ATR Programs
10:15 DepartforTREAT................. INLTransportation
TREAT, INL Site
10:45 TourTREATFacility..........................DanWachs
Fuel Performance and Design
11:45 DepartforMaterialsandFuelsComplex........................................................ INLTransportation
MFC, INL Site
11:50 ArriveMFC,Badgein......................... DonMiley
MFC, L&O Conference Room
12:00 INLhostedlunchwithNationalandHomelandSecuritydiscussion........................... BrentStacey
Associate Laboratory Director, National and Homeland Securit y
1:00 TourHotFuelExaminationFacility........ DonMiley
2:00 WalkingtourofIMCLconstructionswithdiscussionofMFCCapabilities......DaveHill/SteveMarschman
Hill, Deputy Laboratory Director for Science and TechnologyMarschman, Science and Technology
2:45 DepartforIdahoFalls............. INLTransportation
Hilton Garden Inn
3:30 Arriveathotel....................... PersonResponsible
Snow Eagle Brewing, 455 River Parkway
7:00 OptionalEvent:IdahoSectionofAmericanNuclearSocietyhostingareceptionforparticipantsoftheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgencyConference
DOE Participants:
AMWTP:BillLattinSDA/ARP:DougPruittINTEC:KenWhitham ATRComplex:DarynMoormanMFC:GregBassIMCL:StevenSorrell
Additional INL Participants:
EthanHuffman(5/17)DaveHill(5/17)DonMiley(5/17)
Additional NRF Participants:
JohnMcKenzieBradyHaynesChristopherHenvit(May16only)
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AGENDA - REISED
Friday, june 29, 2012
9:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.
Idaho State Capitol Auditorium (700 W. jefferson, Boise, Idaho)
Time Agenda Item Presenter
8:30 ContinentalBreakfastforCommissionMembersandPresenters CapitolDiningRoom
9:00-9:50 WelcomeandReview JefferySayer,Chairman •RecapofLINECommissiontourtoINL
•UpdateonLINECommissionwebsite
•Introductionofsubcommitteemembership/staff
9:50-10:00 BREAK
10:00-11:30 GovernorsPanel GovernorCecilAndrus GovernorPhilBatt
11:30-Noon PresentationfromtheAttorneyGeneral AttorneyGeneralLawrenceWasden
Noon-1:00 LUNCH
1:00-1:30 PresentationfromSnakeRiverAlliance LizWoodruff,ExecutiveDirector1:30-1:35 PresentationfromIdahoConservationLeague RickJohnson,ExecutiveDirector
1:35-2:05 PresentationfromShoshone-BannockTribes NathanSmall,Chairman
2:05-2:15 BREAK
2:15-3:15 PresentationfromCenterforAdvancedEnergy Dr.RaymondGrosshans–CAESDeputy
Studies(CAES)onNuclearEnergyEconomics Director,IdahoNationalLaboratory
andOpportunities
Dr.DarrylButt–CAESCo-Associate
Director,BoiseStateUniversity
Dr.JasonHarris–CAESAssociate Director,IdahoStateUniversity
Dr.GeoffreyBlack–Chairman,Dept.of Economics,BoiseStateUniversity
3:15-4:00 PublicComments JefferySayer NextSteps Adjourn
june 29, 2012 – Boise
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AGENDA
Tuesday, August 7, 2012
9:45 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
Idaho Education Network Teleconference
NOTE:ThisspecialmeetingwillbeconductedviateleconferencesupportedbytheIdahoEducationNetwork(IEN).
Commissionmemberscanparticipateinthismeetingatthefollowinglocations:
BOISE: Idaho State Capitol WW55 – Garden Level (700 W. jefferson)
IDAHO FALLS: Eastern Idaho Technical College, Alexander D. Creek Building (Bldg. 5), Room 581 (1600 S. 25th East)
MOSCOW: University of Idaho College of Education Room #301 (921 Campus Drive)
Time Agenda Item Presenter
9:45a.m. IntroductionandOpeningRemarks JefferySayer,Chairman
10:00 Presentation–U.S.DepartmentofEnergy Dr.PeterB.Lyons Asst.SecretaryforNuclearEnergy OfceofNuclearEnergy U.S.DepartmentofEnergy
11:30 Adjourn
AdditionalInformation:EITClocationmap:http://www.eitc.edu/campus_maps-5.cfm
August 7, 2012 – Boise/Teleconference
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AGENDA
Friday, August 10, 2012
9:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m.
Idaho State Capitol Auditorium (700 W. jefferson, Boise, Idaho)
Time Agenda Item Presenter
8:30 ContinentalBreakfast CapitolDiningRoom
9:00 WelcomeandReview JefferySayer,Chairman
9:05 PresentationbyAREVA,Inc Dr.FinisSouthworth ChiefTechnologyOfcer
RobertEdmonds,Jr.,PE Director,BusinessDevelopment
10:00 PresentationbyTheBabcock&WilcoxCompany JohnFerrara,P.E. DirectorofBusinessDevelopment
11:00 PresentationbyNuScale BruceLandrey VicePresident,ExternalAffairs& InternalSales
12:00 LUNCH
1:00 PresentationbyOfceofEnergyDevelopment SamanthaJulian,Director
1:30 PresentationbyOfceoftheGovernor RobHurless StateofWyoming EnergyStrategyAdvisorto GovernorMead
2:00 PresentationbyPartnershipforScience&Technology LaneAllgood,ExecutiveDirector
2:30 PublicComments JefferySayer NextSteps Adjourn
August 10, 2012 – Boise
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AGENDA
Friday, September 21, 2012
9:00 a.m. – 3:30 p.m.
Hilton Garden Inn (700 Lindsay Blvd., Idaho Falls, Idaho)
Time Agenda Item Presenter
8:30 ContinentalBreakfast
9:00 WelcomeandReview JefferySayer,Chairman
9:10 PresentationNuclearEnergyInstitute MarvFertel PresidentandCEO
10:15 PresentationbyU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission KristineL.Svinicki Commissioner
10:45 NuclearIndustryPerspectives Charles“Chip”PardeeSr.VP/COO ExelonGeneration
JimLemons GeneralManager TVA,ReactorEngineeringandFuels
JeffDeshon ProgramManager EPRI,FuelReliabilityProgram
JohnGoossen VPofInnovationandSMRDevelopment Westinghouse
12:30 LUNCH
1:30 PresentationBabcock&Wilcox JeffCrater VicePresident,GovernmentRelations
2:15 PresentationbyLaborUnions DavidFry UnitedSteelWorkers
NateMillward PocatelloCentralLaborCouncil
2:45 PublicComments JefferySayer NextSteps
3:30 Adjourn
September 21, 2012 – Idaho Falls
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AGENDA
Friday, October 19, 2012
12:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
La Quinta Inn & Suites – Sawtooth South Room (539 Pole Line Road, Twin Falls, Idaho)
Time Agenda Item Presenter
12:30 WelcomeandReview JefferySayer,Chairman
12:35 OverviewoftheDynamicsofDryStorage RodneyMcCullum
Director,FuelCyclePrograms NuclearEnergyInstitute
1:30 TransportationofNuclearMaterialsand RussellNeely EmergencyPreparedness ChiefOperatingOfcer EdlowInternationalCompany
2:30 PresentationbyIdahoDepartmentofEnvironmental GerryWinter Qualityre:SnakeRiverAquifer Hydrogeologist,DEQ
3:00 HighBurnupFuels SteveMarschman Manager,IdahoNationalLaboratory
3:15 IdahoIndustryPanel SteveLain
President&CEO,InternationalIsotopes NathanMcMasters President,DiversiedMetalProducts
KevinPoor Director,Portage
DougSayer President&Founder PremierTechnology
4:15 PublicComments
5:00 NextSteps
Adjourn
October 19, 2012 – Twin Falls
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AGENDA
Friday, November 16, 2012
1:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. (Pacic Time)
University of Idaho – Student Union Building & Commons – Silver & Gold Rooms (709 Deakin Street, Moscow, Idaho)
Time Agenda Item Presenter
1:00 WelcomeandReview JefferySayer,Chairman
1:05 UniversityofIdahoShowcase: Dr.VivekUtgikar
OverviewofGraduateNuclearEngineeringProgram AssociateProfessorofChemical Engineering Dept.ofChemical& MaterialsEngineering
1:30 DiscussiononOpportunitiesforPartnership JohnA.Heaton withCarlsbad,NewMexico Chairman CarlsbadMayor’sNuclearTaskForce
2:30 PublicComments
3:00 NextSteps Adjourn
**NOTE:VIDEOCONFERENCECONNECTIONSAREAVAILABLEFORTHOSEUNABLETOATTENDTHEMEETINGINMOSCOW
Boise:IdahoWheatCommission–IdahoGrainsConferenceRoom(821WestStateStreet)
IdahoFalls:UniversityofIdaho–IF1/TingeyAdministrationBuilding,Room350(1776ScienceCenterDrive)
November 16, 2012 – Moscow
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AGENDA
Friday, january 25
9:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
Idaho State Capitol Auditorium (Garden Level – 700 W. jefferson, Boise, Idaho)
Time Agenda Item Presenter
9:00 OpeningRemarks JefferySayer,Chairman
9:05 SummaryofPublicCommentstoLINEProgressReport JefferySayer
9:45 UpdateontheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy’sresponse JohnKotek totheBlueRibbonCommissionReport
10:15 OverviewofProposedRecommendations JefferySayer
SixProposedLINECommissionRecommendations:
1)ContinuetoworkcooperativelywiththeU.S.DepartmentofEnergytoaddressremainingenvironmentalrisksattheINLsite
2)ExerciseleadershipastheU.S.formulatesfederalenergyandnuclearwastemanagementpolicies
3)CapitalizeonIdaho’snucleartechnologycompetenciesbysupportingthegrowthofexistingnuclearbusinessesandattractnewnuclearbusinesses
4)InvestinresearchinfrastructuretoenableINLandIdahouniversitiestosuccessfullycompeteforU.S.andglobalresearchopportunities
5)DevelopandpromotetheCenterforAdvancedEnergyStudiesasaregional,nationalandglobalresourceforenergyresearch
6)Strengthenandexpandnucleareducationandworkforcetrainingofferings
11:30 Adjourn
january 25, 2013 – Boise
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Steve Laflin
Amy Lientz
Dr. Harold McFarlane
Carlo Melbihess
Brian Ness
Cal Ozaki
Tom Perry
Dr. Pete Planchon
Willie Preacher
John Reisenauer
John Revier
Louis Riepl
Contributors
Lane Allgood
Ben Baker
Seth Beal
Dr. Harold Blackman
Jennifer Blanton
Dr. Robert Breckenridge
Dr. Richard Brey
Roger Chase
Rick Dale
Sharon Dossett
Hank Ebert
Robert Edmonds
Commission MembersJeffery Sayer - Director, Idaho Department of Commerce (CHAIRMAN)
John Chatburn - Interim Administrator, Governor’s Office of Energy Resources
Larry Craig - Retired, United States Senate
Bart Davis - Majority Leader, Idaho State Senate
Jared Fuhriman - Mayor, City of Idaho Falls
John Grossenbacher - Director, Idaho National Laboratory
John Kotek - Staff Director, Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear
Future; Partner, Gallatin Public Affairs
Jay Engstrom
Don Glenn, Jr.
Scott Goodwin
Gordon Graff
Dave Haar
Dr. David Hill
Peggy Hinman
Richard Holman
Dr. George Imel
Dr. Richard Jacobsen
William Jenson
Dwight Johnson
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Roger Madsen - Director, Idaho Department of Labor
Sylvia Medina - President, North Wind
Dr. Duane Nellis - President, University of Idaho
Dr. Mark Rudin - Vice President for Research & Economic Development,
Boise State U niversity
Nathan Small - Chairman, Fort Hall Business Council, Shoshone-Bannock Tribes
Jeff Thompson - Member, Idaho House of Representatives
Dr. Arthur Vailas - President, Idaho State University
Commission Staff
Brian Whitlock Megan Ronk
Kayla Ruiz
Dr. John Sackett
Bill Shaw
John Sheldon
Erik Simpson
Dr. Robert Smith
Susan Stiger
Marika Tatsutani
Mike Webster
Tom Wood
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