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T H F F P S A .
F 1-800-544-4843 heritage.org/bookstore.N T H F C.
Published by214 M A, NE
W, DC 20002-4999(202) 546-4400 .
Limit Grmt, Ulimit Amiitrati:I it Pibl t Rtr Ctitutialim?
Gary S. Lawson
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Expansion 6196 (J H U. S. H. P. S., V
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diction Stripping, and the H Opinions: A Textualist Response
to Justice Scalia, 107 Colum. L. Rev. 1002, 103941 (2007).
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enUMeRATed PoWeRs In PRACTICe:
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Clause, 4 Chapman L. Rev. 63 (2001); R G. N, Jud
cial Review o Special Interest Spending: The General Welare Clause
and the Fiduciary Law o the Founders, 11 Tex. Rev. L. & Pol. 239
(2007).
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Paramour): An Examination o the Views o Hamilton, Madison, and
Story on Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 o the United States Constitu-
tion, 33 John Marshall L. Rev. 81 (1999).16 See D E. E, The Spending Power, 44 Duke L.J. 1, 49
(1994).
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The Basis o the Spending Power, 18 Seattle U.L. Rev. 215 (1995).18 See G L G S, The Constitution of
Empire: Territorial Expansion & American Legal History
2732 (2004).
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8 N. 23
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R E. B, The Original Meaning o the Commerce Clause,
68 U. Chi. L. Rev. 101 (2001); R E. B, New Evidence o
the Original Meaning o the Commerce Clause, 55 Ark. L. Rev. 847
(2003); R G. N, The Legal Meaning o Commerce in
the Commerce Clause, 80 St. Johns L. Rev. 789 (2006).
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eral Case Out o It: S . U S and the Constitution o
Leviathan, 200304 Cato Sup. Ct. Rev. 119, 14243.
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the Nondelegation Doctrine, 73 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 235, 24546
(2005).24 L J M S R (S. 2, 1819),
in 8 The Writings of james Madison 447, 448 (G H
., 1908).25 O I . See
L, supra 23; L G, supra 3.
ConsTITUTIonAL sTRUCTURe
And The exeCUTIve PoWeR
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30 See G L, The Rise and Rise o the Administrative State, 107
Harv. L. Rev. 1231, 124849 (1994).31 See Gzz . R, 545 U.S. 1 (2005).32 See U S . M, 529 U.S. 598 (2000).33 See U S . Lz, 514 U.S. 549 (1995).
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34 See S . U S, 541 U.S. 600 (2004).35 See M . O, 487 U.S. 654 (1988).36 See W . A T A, 531 U.S. 457 (2001).
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PRoGRessIvIsM, The neW deAL,
And The FoUndATIons oF The
ModeRn AdMInIsTRATIve sTATeP
N D J L. H
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1934. F , D H
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S The Administrative Process. M
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37J M. L, The Administrative Process 2 (1938).38 Id. 10.39 Id. 12.40 Id. 75.41 See R.J. P, The Birth o the Administrative State: Where It
Came From and What It Means or Limited Government, H
F P S N. 16 (2007).
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42 G L, Prolegomenon to Any Future Administrative Law
Course: Separation o Powers and the Transcendental Deduction, 49
St. Louis U.L.J. 885, 891 (2005).
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14 N. 23
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43 O ,
G L, The Constitutional Case Against Precedent, 17
Harv. J.L. & Pub. Poly 23 (1994); G L,Mostly Unconsti-
tutional: The Case Against Precedent Revisited, 5 Ave Maria L. Rev.
1 (2007). O
, G L C-
D. M, The Executive Power o Constitutional Interpretation,
81 Iowa L. Rev. 1267 (1996).
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2,500 The Republic
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44 See The Republic of Plato 10607 (F MD C-
. 1941).45 See S G. C G L, Foreword: Two
Visions o the Nature o Man, 16 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Poly 1(1993).
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(1911).
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16 N. 23
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Gary S. Lawson is Abraham and Lillian Benton Schol
ar and Proessor o Law at the Boston University School oLaw and a ounding member o the Federalist Society. He is
also the author (with Guy Seidman) o T C
E: T E A L
H (Yale University Press), which surveys the legal
history o American territorial acquisition and governance
and the F A L casebook.
This essay was published January 27, 2009.