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CURRICULUM VITAE 24.06.2013

1.NAME: Lilly Caroline Levi Bebora (Mrs)

2.POSITION: Professor, University of Nairobi

3.CONTACT ADDRESS: University of Nairobi

College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology

P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Nairobi

4.TELEPHONE NUMBER: 0722 614621

5’EMAIL ADDRESS; lilybebora@yahoo.com

bebora@uonbi.ac.ke

lilybebora@gmail.com

6.EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(a)Schools attended

1968-1969: Alliance Girls’ High School, Kikuyu. Did “Higher School Certificate Examination” in 1969, and passed

1964-1967: Baptist High School, Mombasa. Did “Cambridge School Certificate Examination” in 1967, and passed with Division One

1960-1963: Buxton Intermediate School, Mombasa. Did “Kenya Preliminary Education Examination” in 1963, and passed

1956-1959: Freretown Primary School, Mombasa. Did “Common Entrance Examination” in 1959, and passed

(b)University qualifications

(i) PhD in Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology (1988) – University of Nairobi

(ii) MSc in Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology (1979) – University of Nairobi

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(iii) Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVM) (1976) – University of Nairobi

7.CAREER RECORD

Present position

Professor (Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology), University of Nairobi

Appointments and Promotions

Employed at the University of Nairobi since August 1976, first as assistant lecturer (1976-29/11/79), then as lecturer (29/11/79-16/12/88), then as senior lecturer (16/12/88-May 2002), then as Associate Professor (May 2002 to date), from 29.6.2013 as Professor

8.AREAS OF SPECIALISATION AND RESEARCH INTERESTS

(i) Veterinary microbiology (bacteriology and mycology) and respective immunology; particular interest in Salmonella and E. coli bacteria (ii) Antibiotic sensitivity testing of various bacteria (iii) Zoonotic and Food microbiology (iv) Poultry disease diagnosis, prevention and control 9.OTHER SPECIALITY Can carry out training on supervision of MSc and PhD students and proposal writing 10.EXPERIENCE

10.1 Research

(i) Have researched extensively in various aspects of microbiology in various animals (mostly in poultry), and disseminated the respective research findings through publications in refereed journals (46 publications0 and also through participation in scientific conferences and seminars (38 presentations) Currently 2 books on microbiology (co-authored with Drs. Odongo, Mbuthia and Kagunya of the department) have been passed for publication by the University of Nairobi Press: One, entitled “Bacteriology and mycology handbook for veterinary students” is undergoing publishing; the other, entitled “Bacteriology and mycology manual for veterinary students” is awaiting funds for publishing. Another book on “Poultry management, nutrition and disease”, solely published by me, is ready for submission to publishers. Two other books on PhD supervision and guidelines are already published.

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(ii) Have supervised postgraduate students (both MSc and PhD) in researches and thesis writing: 10 MSc and 3 PhD finished; 5 MSc and 5 PhD ongoing 10.2 Teaching Have 37 years’ experience in teaching:-

10.2.1 Undergraduates

(i) Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine

2nd year students: Microbiology (Bacteriology and Mycology) and Immunology

3rd year students: Disease description, Avian post-mortem

4th year students: Differential diagnosis in avian medicine and avian post-mortem

5th year students: Clinical exposure in poultry disease diagnosis, prevention and control

(ii) BSc in Biomedical Technology

Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology

(iii) BSc in Wildlife management and Tourism

Aetiology of disease

(iv) BSc in Biochemistry

Bacteriology and Mycology

(v) BSc in Agriculture (Animal health option)

Aetiology of disease

10.2.2 Postgraduates (MSc coursework)

(i) For all above-mentioned programmes

-Advanced bacteriology and/or mycology

-Advanced immunology and/or Vaccinology

-Host-bacterial/fungal relationship

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-Bacterial/fungal epidemiology

-Advanced laboratory techniques

-Laboratory safety and quality control

(ii) For students of MSc in veterinary epidemiology and economics (MVEE) (run by department of PHPT)

Poultry disease prevention and control

10.3 Diagnostics

(i) Diagnostic bacteriology: Specimen processing, bacterial identification, antibiotic/disinfectant sensitivity testing

(ii) Poultry disease diagnosis – both clinical and pathological (departmental poultry clinic) 10.4 Consultancy (i) Bacteriology and mycology (including respective immunology and antibiotic sensitivity testing) (ii) Poultry management, disease diagnosis, prevention and control

10.5 Curriculum development

Have been involved in developing curricula for several undergraduate and postgraduate academic programmes. Also involved in the continuous exercise of curricular reviews.

Have also actively participated in formulating practical manuals to suit the various groups of students.

10.6 Administration

(i) Currently Council member, University of Nairobi, representing College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (from year 2011)

(ii) Currently Chairperson, Faculty of veterinary medicine postgraduate studies committee (from year 2008).

(iii) Currently co-ordinating postgraduate activities in the departmental Microbiology section

(iv) Served as Chairman, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, for six years (mid January 1998 – end February 2004)

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(v) Served as member of the University of Nairobi Senate for the six years I was departmental chairman. Now attending as Council member.

(vi) Serving as member of the College Academic Board (CAVS) from year 1998 to date

(vii) Served as Co-ordinator of Microbiology Section, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, from 2/1/86 to mid January 1998 (12 years).

(viii) Have served in various Faculty and Departmental committees, on academic and administrative matters:-

Committees at Faculty level

(a) Committee set to discuss guidelines for scientific publications

(b) Committee set to discuss introduction of fish medicine into the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVM) curriculum

(c) University editorial committee (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) – for 3 years

(d) Faculty biennial scientific conference planning committee (1998 to 2008)

(e) Planning committee for the workshop on strategic planning

(f) Faculty Postgraduate Studies Committee (2004 to date). Now serving as Chairperson for the committee

Committees at departmental level

(a) Committee to look into possible money – generating projects (continuing) – I’m heading the group

(b) Agricultural Society of Kenya (show) committee, with respect to University’s participation

(c) Staff welfare committee (up to 2004 = for 6 years)

(d) Curriculum committee (briefly)

(e) Committee to draw strategic plan for the department

(f) Departmental postgraduate studies committee (continuing)

(ix) Acted as Dean’s representative to the Deans’ grants science-based subcommittee (up to May, 1999)

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(x) Serving as Chairperson, Poultry subcommittee, Agricultural Society of Kenya (ASK), Nairobi Branch, from 1998 to date. The subcommittee was expanded in 2004 to include pigs (Pigs and Poultry subcommittee)

10.7 Editorial (i) Nominated to the Faculty Editorial Board for 3 years (ii) Reviewed articles for the following journals:-

(a) Discovery and Innovation, African Academy of Sciences

(b) Kenya Veterinarian

and research proposals (for funding) for the following scientific organizations:-

(a) National council for science and technology

(b) Rockfeller Foundation

(iii) Nominated as standing reviewer by:-

(a) Kenya Veterinarian

(b) Rockfeller Foundation

(iv) Currently nominated to review a paper for:

Avian Pathology journal

Bio Med Central: The Open Access Publisher

10.8 Other experiences

(i) 07.06.2013: Was one of the examiners for 2nd Doctor of Science (DSc) thesis in the University of Nairobi

(ii) 1-6th December 2008: visited University of Copenhagen, Denmark, to see how they manage their PhD courses and students. The trip was funded by PREPARE PhD project

(iii) Appointed external examiner for undergraduate and postgraduate (thesis) students:-

Undergraduates

(a) Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania (1999-2002)

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(b) Makerere University, Uganda (2001-2003)

(c) University of Zimbabwe (2004-2006)

Postgraduates

Served as external examiner for theses from Sokoine University, Tanzania; Kenyatta University and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kenya. Kenyatta University and JKUAT still send me theses for examination.

(iv) Appointed examination moderator (for both undergraduate and postgraduate students) for School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Dept. of Microbiology and Parasitology, severally (for over 6 years – up to year 2009)

(v) Reviewed papers for promotion to Associate Professorial position as follows:-

(a) Two for University of Nigeria: - year 2011

(b) One for University of Zimbabwe – year 2011

(c) One for Makerere University, Uganda

(d) One for Sokoine University, Tanzania

(vi) Appointed Internal Examiner for several MSc and PhD theses for students at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, as well as at School of Medicine, University of Nairobi

(vii) Appointed Board Member for several MSc and PhD thesis defences at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and School of Medicine, University of Nairobi

(viii) Have sat in a number of appointments’ committees

(ix) Had temporary employment with Ministry of Health, National Research Laboratories, Kenyatta National Hospital (December 1969 - March 1970), where I worked in Blood Bank section, doing blood grouping and cross-matching

(x) Worked with Shell Chemical (K) Ltd. (April 1970 – May 1972), where I helped with field work, including testing the efficacy of various acaricides

(xi) Spent sabbatical leave of 9 months (1/3/92 – 30/11/92) attached to KEMRI, Microbiology section. I worked on common causes of bacterial diarrhea in children, with emphasis on E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella; covering general bacteriology, toxicology, serology, plasmid extraction and separation, DNA – DNA hybridization, and PCR

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11. SUPERVISION OF POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

Have supervised to completion 10 MSc and 3 PhD students. Currently supervising 4 PhD and 5 MSc students.

Have also helped many students, not under my supervision, in their laboratory work; some of who have acknowledged me in their theses.

I have also supervised projects done by a number of students doing BSc in Biomedical Technology course and some doing Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine

12.CURRENT GRANTS ALLOCATED:

( 3 RUFORUM grants)

(1)Title: Developing capacity for implementing innovative PPR control strategies based on the epidemiology and socio-economic aspects of the disease in the East African region As co-researcher + others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Livestock Development PI: Dr. C. G. Gitao Grant amount: US$ 60,000 (2)Title: Enhancing village chicken productivity through parasite management for effective Newcastle disease vaccination in Eastern province, Kenya. I am the PI Working together with others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Livestock Development Grant amount: US$ 60,000 (3)Title: Determining the prevalence of brucellosis in livestock in selected pastoral/agro- pastoral areas in Kenya and evaluating the efficacy of rapid diagnostic kits used for diagnosis of brucellosis in humans As co-researcher + others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation PI: Dr. Lilian W. Waiboci, Dept. of Biochemistry, UoN Grant amount: US$ 24,654

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(1 grant from National Council for Science and Technology) (3)Title: Controlling Infectious Bursal disease through development of local vaccines and establishing effective vaccination program As co-researcher + others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Livestock Development PI: Dr. Lucy Njagi Grant amount: KShs. 2,5 million 13. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS (i) 3-5.03.2010: Together with five others, launched the first ever PhD-student Supervision training at the University of Nairobi. The training was facilitated by the PREPARE PhD project (EU) and University of Nairobi Two other trainings have been done this year: one on 23-25th March 2011, and one on 13-15th July 2011 4th training/1st university-wide training done 26-28th November 2012 – sponsored by University of Nairobi (ii) Have seed culture for preparation of vaccine against Fowl typhoid in chickens 14. APPOINTMENTS TO SPECIAL TASKFORCES/ADVISORY COMMITTEES FOR THE FACULTY

Faculty ones

(i) 04.12.2009: Appointed as member of the Faculty advisory committee, Ref: Application for award of Doctor of Science degree of University of Nairobi

(ii) 06.01.2010: Appointed to Faculty Brainstorming Taskforce to study and make recommendations on how the Faculty may accommodate “Participatory Epidemiology” in the BVM and Masters curricula

Departmental ones

(i) 1.03.2010: Taskforce to review charges on all laboratory services rendered by the department

(ii)Year-2010: Task force to review departmental strategic plan for period 2008-2013

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12. WORKSHOPS ATTENDED

(i) 1.03.2010: Taskforce to review charges on all laboratory services rendered by the department

(ii)Year-2010: Task force to review departmental strategic plan for period 2008-2013

(iii) Since mid 2008, have continuously attended meetings/workshops organized by PREPARE PhD project, held variously in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya

(iv) 20-23rd June 2011: STRAPA strategic planning workshop, held at Arusha, Tanzania

(v) 4.2.2011: One-day workshop on Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Food safety: Measures to reduce food safety risks in peri-urban leafy vegetables value chains, at Jacaranda hotel, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya. Co-organised by Swedish university of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and University of Nairobi.

(vi)6.09.2010: Attended a consultative meeting on how to strengthen and improve academic programs/related activities at the University of Nairobi, at the Council Chamber, University of Nairobi

(vii)14.07.2010: Attended a consultative workshop on women scientists of University of Nairobi, at the Council Chamber, University of Nairobi

(viii) 18-19.03.2010: Two-day regional workshop on Poultry biosecurity guidelines, organised by FAO-ECTAD, in Bujumbura, Burundi

(ix) 8.12.09: One-day’s workshop on curriculum development in Natural Products Technology and Value chain management, held at KCB centre, Karen; organized by then Associate dean, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Nairobi; and RISE-AFFNET.

(ix) 21.10.2009: One-day’s scientific-writing workshop to discuss RUFORUM and EU calls. The aim of the workshop was: to clearly define objectives, form research teams and share with one another on partnerships as required by the calls; organized by Principal, CAVS. Many other such meetings are now continuously held – whenever there are calls. (xi) 5.08.2009: Stakeholders’ workshop on curricula for Certificate, Diploma, Bachelors degree, Masters degree and PhD in Leather Technology; to be launched at the University of Nairobi, Faculty of veterinary medicine; held at Holiday Inn, Nairobi

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(xii) 20 and 21.07.2009: UoN/UNIDO Food safety curricula development workshop, for MSc, Diploma, Certificate and Short courses, to be launched at the Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture; held at Jacaranda hotel, Nairobi

(xiii) 26-29/11/2007: Bovine tuberculosis network workshop, held in Arusha, Tanzania; organized by Wellcome Trust

(xiv) 19-25/11/2006: Workshop and Training on Proposal and Scientific writing, at KCB training centre, Karen, Nairobi; organized by UoN, CAVS

(xv) 26-28/8/2005: Workshop on Curriculum reviews, held at Kenya Wildlife Training Institute, Naivasha; organized by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

(xvi) 10-14/9/2003: Workshop to deliberate on the Faculty Strategic Plan (5-year plan; 2003-2008), held at Aberdares Country Club, Kenya

(xvii) 31/10/2003 – 1/11/2003: 2nd Poultry Network Workshop, held at ILRI, Nairobi; financed by DANIDA

(xviii) 1999 -2007: Annual Scientific meetings cum workshops for IHEPRUCA (Improving the health and productivity of the urban chickens in Africa), held at different venues, including Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya

(xix) 1-7/11/1998: 1st Eastern and Southern African Women Veterinarians’ Workshop, held in Nairobi. Theme: “Beyond the year 2000”; organized by the Kenya Women Veterinary Association (KWVA)

13. CONTINUING EDUCATION SESSIONS ATTENDED

(i) Attended two-day training workshop on Trends in Veterinary Parasitology 10 & 11th August 2011,, held at the department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi. Co-organised by University of Nairobi and Kenya Veterinary Board

(ii)Attended one-day training workshop on Forensic Veterinary Science 18th May 2011,, held at the department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi. Co-organised by University of Nairobi and Kenya Veterinary Board.

(iii) 9th November 2010: Attended training for e-resources, at College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (CAVS), University of Nairobi.

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(iv) Attended Phases I and II of Training of Trainers training workshop on PhD Supervision, in years 2009 (7-11th September) and 2010 (4-8th January), respectively; at Moshi and Arusha, Tanzania, respectively. The course was funded by PREPARE PhD project (EU)

(v) Attended training on Poultry Health and Development, 29th April to 8th May 2009; held at Agricultural Information Center, Nairobi. The course was organized by University of Nairobi, Kenya Government, UC Davis, and CRSP

(vi) Attended WHO/CDC Global Salmonella Surveillance (GSS) Training course for Central and Eastern Africa, held at KEMRI, Kenya – Levels I, II and III in years 2007 (29th October to 3rd November), 2009 (19th to 24th January) and 2010 (1st to 6th November), respectively. The courses were on Food-borne disease surveillance and antimicrobial resistance testing, and included Salmonella, Vibrio, Shigella and Campylobacter (vii) Attended course on Performance Enhancement Strategies, held at the University of Nairobi, 31st January 2009. The course was jointly organised by University of Nairobi and Empowerment Resource Technologies Ltd. (viii) Attended a one-day training at Taifa Hall, University of Nairobi, on Rapid Results Initiative, on 27/11/2007 (ix) Attended the address by the Principal, CAVS, on Academic mentorship (2007) (x) Attended staff training on new performance appraisal tools, on 13th December, 2007, at CAVS (xi) Attended a training course on running and management of culture collections in Brno, Czechoslovakia (July 6-18, 1981) (xii) Attended the 4th International Conference on culture collections held in Brno, Czechoslovakia (July 20-24, 1981) (xiii) Have attended several sessions organized by poultry/pharmaceutical organizations, for example: Agriner Poultry, Intervet E.A. Ltd, which were addressed by several guest speakers, on various issues including poultry management, drug dynamics, birds’ immunological responses, vaccinations, etc. (xiv) Have also learnt a lot through listening to other papers presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific conferences (6 to date); at the Poultry continuing education

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course organized by the Kenya Veterinary Board (sponsored by Kenchic, Intervet, etc) in year 2005; and at the Workshop and Training session in proposal and scientific writing, 19-25th November, 2006. 14. SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

(i) By participating at the Nairobi Show Poultry stand annually, I mingle with poultry farmers and afford them free consultation whenever need arises

(ii) Kenya Women Veterinary Association (KWVA) is involved with communal education (educational fora) – going out to educate, especially women in the field, about various aspects of veterinary interest – based on the particular community’s needs – done at least twice a year.

(iii) Between March and July 1995, I was involved in a fact-finding survey to establish how women in rural areas take care of their animals: what animals they keep and what they know about traditional (ethnoveterinary) medicine. The survey was funded by KWVA and covered most of Kenya – I covered Coast Province (Lower Coast and Taita). We also utilized this opportunity to educate rural ladies on various aspects of livestock farming that were of interest to them.

(iv) I have participated actively towards encouraging the girl-child to excel both academically and towards life in general. I believe in establishing the rightful position of females in general, whether human or animal. I played a great part in having male and female birds competing separately at the ASK show, Nairobi. Before this, birds were competing randomly, especially at Champion levels; the males winning most of the time.

(v) Participated in the Kenya Veterinary Association (KVA) continuing education seminar (refresher course) on poultry keeping (1988). Made presentation on the various poultry diseases

(vi) Participated in the continuing education (refresher course) on poultry diseases, held on 1-2nd July 2005; organized by Kenya Veterinary Board (sponsored by Kenchic, Intervet, etc). Made presentation on poultry post-mortem examination procedure and various lesions associated with poultry diseases.

(vii) Have given talks on poultry diseases and treatment when various drug companies were launching their new drugs or holding informative fora, and to some of the KVA sub-branches

(viii) Was Guest of Honour at a Prize-giving ceremony at Happy Tots Academy, Nairobi, on 19th November, 2003

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(ix) As service to the people, I have translated three articles/advertisements/posters from English to Kiswahili, a language that most rural people understand. These were:- (1) one on Amitraz acaricide, (2) one on Tsetse flies and trypanosomosis and (3) one on cysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium

8. AWARDS (i) Best teacher in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine for the year 2005/2006

(ii) Member of Kenya Academy of Sciences (2005)

(iii) Founder member: Kenya Veterinary Board, College of Pathology (2002)

(iv) Consultant: Microbiology, Immuno-microbiology, Poultry specialist (awarded by Kenya Veterinary Board, College of Pathology) (2002)

(v) Awarded 10 and 20 years’ service awards in years 1992 and 2002, respectively, in recognition for service to the Agricultural Society of Kenya (ASK)

19. MEMBERSHIP TO PROFESSIONAL BODIES

(i) Kenya Veterinary Board

(ii) Kenya Veterinary Association

(iii) Kenya Women Veterinary Association

(iv) Kenya Academy of Sciences

(v) STRAPA (Strategic partnership group), which includes members from University of Copenhagen (Faculty of LIFE sciences), Denmark; University of Nairobi, Kenya; Sokoine University; Tanzania; and Makerere University, Uganda; with blessings of respective Vice-Chancellors. Members work together to solicit for external research funding. PREPARE PhD project is one of the STRAPA products.

(vi) Global Salmonella Surveillance (GSS) electronic discussion group. I’m also member of the local, Kenyan group.

(vii) Livestock Committee, Agricultural Society of Kenya (Pigs and Poultry subcommittee chairperson)

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20. MEMBERSHIP TO SOCIAL GROUPS

(i) Musenangu Women Group – composed of ladies from lower Coast. I have served as Treasurer for 12 years now.

(ii) Maweni Ladies Group – composed of ladies from Maweni sublocation, Mombasa district. I have served as Chairlady for 12 years now.

21. PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS

(50) Wanjohi M, Gitao C.G. and Bebora L. (2013): Subclinical mastitis affecting hygienic quality of marketed camel milk from North-Eastern Province, Kenya. Microbiology Research International 1 (1): 6-15

(49) Olwande P.O, Ogara W.O, Bebora L.C. and Okuthe S.O. (2013): Comparison of economic impact of alternative constraint control measures in indigenous chicken production in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LLRD) 25 (2) (paper number 24)

(48) Albrechtova K, Dolejska M, Clzek A, TausovaD, Klimes J, Bebora L. and Literak I. (2012): Dogs of nomadic pastoralists in Northern Kenya are reservoirs of plasmid-mediated cephalosporin- and quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli, including pandemic clone B2-O25-ST131. Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy 36(7): 4013-4017

(47) ) Kihu S.M, Gitao C.G, Bebora L.C, Njenga M.J, Wairire G.G, Maingi N. and Wahome R.G. (2012): Participatory risk assessment of Peste des petit ruminants; Factor analysis of small ruminants’ pastoral management practices in Turkana District, Kenya. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2(9): 503-510

(46) Willian O, Portas O, Lily B, Samuel O, Maurice O. and Rubin O. (2012): Survey of bacterial and parasitic organisms causing disease and lowered production in indigenous chickens in Southern Nyanza, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 60: 251- 256

(45 Wanjohi M, Gitao C.G. and Bebora L.(2012): The prevalence of Brucella spp. In camel milk marketed from North-Eastern Province, Kenya. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2(7): 425-434

(44) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G. and Minga U.M. (2012: Effect of immunosuppression on Newcastle disease virus persistence in ducks with different immune status. International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN) Volume 2012, Article 1D, pages 1-6

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(43) Kutto E., Ngigi M., Karanja N., Kang’ethe E., Bebora L.C., Carl J., Mbuthia P.G. and Njagi L.W. (2011): Bacterial contamination of kale (Brassica okracca Accphala) along the supply chain in Nairobi and its environs. East African Medical Journal: 88(2): 46-53

(42) Sabuni Z.A., Mbuthia P.G., Maingi N., Nyaga P.N., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C. and Michieka J.K. (2011): Prevalence of haemoparasites infection in indigenous chickens in Eastern Province of Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LLRD) 23(11): 1-6

(41) Karanja D.N., Ngatia T.A., Wabacha J.K. and Bebora L.C. (2011): Cases of pig poisoning encountered naturally in smallholder farms in Nairobi and its environs. Kenya Veterinarian 35 (issue 1): 52-55

(40) Karanja D.N., Ngatia T.A., Wabacha J.K., Bebora L.C. and Ng’ang’a C.J. (2011): Pathogenic effects associated with natural gastrointestinal helminth infections in pigs in Kenya. Bull. Anim. . Prod. Afr. 59:53-59

(39) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Minga U.M., Christensen J.P. and Olsen J.E. (2011): Time course investigation of infection with a low virulent Pasteurella multocida strain in normal and immune-suppressed 12-week-old free-range chickens. Avian Pathology 40(6): 629-657

(38) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C. and Minga U.M. (2011): Viral nucleoprotein localization and lesions of Newcastle disease in tissues of indigenous ducks. Published on line, Tropical Animal Health and Production, ISSN 0049-4747, DO1 10.1007/S11250-011-9958-2, Springer. http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s11250-011-9958-2

(37) Sabuni Z.A., Mbuthia P.G., Maingi N., Nyaga P.N., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C. and Michieka J.N. (2011): Prevalence of ectoparasites infestation in indigenous free-ranging village chickens in different agro-ecological zones in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development.(LRRD) journal 22 (11): 1-10.

(36) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Michieka J.N., Kibe J.K. and Minga U.M. (2010): Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in village indigenous chickens in varied agro-ecological zones in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LLRD) 22(05): 1-9.

(35) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Michieka J.N. and Minga U.M. (2010): A retrospective study of factors associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks in village indigenous chickens. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. 58(1):22-33.

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(34) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Michieka J.N., Kibe J.K., Munene A.K. and Minga U.M. (2008): Newcastle disease virus and antibody levels in matched sera, ovules and mature eggs of indigenous village hens. Kenya Veterinarian 32 (1): 1-6

(33) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Minga U.M., Kamundia J. and Olsen J.E. (2008): Pasteurella multocida in scavenging family chickens and ducks: carrier status, age susceptibility and transmission between species. Avian Pathology 37(1):51-57

(32) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Ngatia T.A., Munyua W.K., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2007): Preliminary findings on the carrier status of Pasteurella multocida in farmed and traded healthy-appearing scavenging indigenous chickens and ducks in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 31:1-5

(31) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2007): Hatchability and fertility of indigenous chicken and duck eggs, and some causes of chick and duckling mortality in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 31:6-13

(30) Bebora L.C., Thaiya A.G., Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Ngatia T.A. and Nyaga P.N. (2006): A case of Newcastle disease in parrots in Nairobi, Kenya. Bulletin Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 55:292-295

(29) Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Macharia J.M., Mwaniki G., Njagi L.W. and Nyaga P.N. (2005): Appraisal of village chicken’s potential in egg production. Kenya Veterinarian 29:10-13

(28) Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O. and Munene M.N. (2005): Isolation of enterotoxigenic E. coli from food handlers in selected tourist-class hotels in Nairobi. Kenya Veterinarian 29:14-17

(27) Bebora L.C., Bii C.C. and Waitindi H.K. (2005): Pigeon-frequented areas, garbage piles and dog faeces as possible sources of Candida and Chryptococcus infections for humans and animals. Kenya Veterinarian 29:18-20

(26) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Comparison of carrier status of P. multocida between farm and live market indigenous birds. Kenya Veterinarian 29:45-47

(25) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Comparison between fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and culture method in detection of Pasteurella multocida in organs of indigenous birds. Kenya Veterinarian 29:53-56

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(24) Odongo M.O., Bebora L.C. and Njoroge G.S. (2005): Comparative evaluation of five Widal test kits used in Kenya for the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. Kenya Veterinarian 29:94-98

(23) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M, Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Indigenous ducks are better reservoirs of P. multocida than indigenous chickens. Kenya Veterinarian 29:104-106

(22) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): A study on effectiveness of seven disinfectants against possible bacterial contaminants of coops and premises inhabited by indigenous chickens and ducks. Kenya Veterinarian 29:113-118

(21) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Carrier status for Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in free-range farm and market, healthy indigenous chickens and ducks. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10):529-533

(20) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Sensitivity of Listeria species recovered from indigenous chickens, to antibiotics and disinfectants. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10):534-537

(19) Gathumbi J.K. and Bebora L.C. (2000): Occurrence of aflatoxin in poultry tissues collected in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 48:61-62

(18) Wabacha J.K., Gitau G.K., Bebora L.C., Bwanga C.O., Wamuri Z.M. and Mbithi P.M.F. (1998): Occurrence of dermatomycosis (ringworm) due to Trichophyton verrucosum in dairy calves and its spread to animal attendants. J.S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 69(4):172-173

(17) Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N. and Kimoro C.O. (1998): Comparison of immune responses of two Salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in Kenya. Onderstepoort J. of Vet. Research 65(2):67-73

(16) Karanja M.W., Bebora L.C. and Mbugua P.N. (1998): Pathogenicity of E. coli isolated from normal healthy chickens. Kenya Veterinarian 23:87-88

(15) Bebora L.C. (1997): Role of plasmids in virulence of enteric bacteria. E.A. Medical Journal 74(7):43-45

(14) Bebora L.C. (1996): The arratic nature of Enterobacteriaceae with particular mention to the genera Escherichia, Shigella and Salmonella: A practical review. Discovery and Innovation 8(3):215-218

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(13) Gathumbi J.K., Bebora L.C., Muchiri D.J. and Ngatia T.A. (1996): Mycological examination of poultry feeds used in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 44:19-22

(12)Gathumbi J.K., Bebora L.C., Muchiri D.J. and Ngatia T.A. (1995): A survey of mycotoxins in poultry feeds used in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 43:243-245

(11) Bebora L.C., Yamamoto H., Sang W.K., Oundo J.O., Khamala J., Mwangudza A. and Mukundi P.W. (1994): Plasmid profiles of E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella organisms isolated from three districts in Kenya. E.A. Medical Journal 71(10):619-623

(10) Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O. and Yamamoto H. (1994): Resistance of E. coli strains, recovered from chickens, to antibiotics, with particular reference to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (septrin). E.A. Medical Journal 71(10):624-627

(9) Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O., Khamala J., Saidi S., Sang W.K., Yamamoto H. and Mukundi P.W. (1993): Some E. coli strains causing septicaemia in chicks in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 17:1-3

(8) Gitao C.G. and Bebora L.C. (1992): Histomoniasis in a peacock. Indian Vet. Journal 69:933-934

(7) Bebora L.C. and Nyaga P.N. (1989): Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella gallinarum isolates recovered from Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. Special issue, 1989, pp. 115-118.

(6) Kaminjolo J.S., Ayoade J.A., Makhambera T.P.E., Nyaga P.N. and Bebora L.C. (1988): Contagious ecthyma in a boer goat: short communication. Bull Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 36:83-85

(5) Bebora L.C. (1987): Common poisons – poultry. Kenya Veterinarian 11:7-8

(4) Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C. and Kaminjolo J.S. (1985): Occurrence of Shigella dysenteriae-3 in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 33:173-174

(3) Bebora L.C., Waiyaki P.G. and Kamonjolo J.S. (1979): A bacteriological and serological survey of avian salmonellosis in four farms and a slaughterhouse. Kenya Veterinarian 3(2):36-38

(2) Bebora L.C., Waiyaki P.G. and Kaminjolo J.S. (1979): Occurrence of Proteus ammoniae in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Kenya Veterinarian 3(2): 38-39

(1) Nyaga P.N., Kaminjolo J.S., Mutiga E.R. and Bebora L.C. (1979): Occurrence of atypical fowl pox in poultry farms in Kenya. Avian Diseases 23:745-752

22. CONFERENCE PAPERS

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(38) Bebora L.C, Maingi N, Nyaga P.N, Mbuthia P.G, Njagi L.W., Githinji J, Kemboi D.C. and Chege H.W. (2012): Intensive and multi-type parasite infection – A hindrance to effective Newcastle disease control in village chickens? Paper presented at 3rd RUFORUM biennial conference, held in Entebbe, Uganda, September 2012

(37) Chege H.W, Kemboi D.C, Bebora L.C, Maingi N, Mbuthia P.G, Nyaga P.N, Njagi L.W. nd Githinji J. (2012).Ecto and endo-parasites in free-range chicken in Mbeere District, Kenya. Paper presented at 3rd RUFORUM biennial conference, held in Entebbe, Uganda, September 2012

(36) Manyibe T.N., Gathumbi P.K., Ngatia T.A., Bebora L.C. and Muchemi G. (2012): Historical perspectives of lesser flamingo mortalities in Kenya. Paper presented at the 8th Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bennial Scientific Conferenceand 46th Kenya Veterinary Association Annual Scientific Conference held in Nairobi,25-27 April, 2012.

(35) Wanjohi G.M., Gitao C.G. and Bebora L.C. (2010): The hygienic quality of camel milk marketed from North-Eastern province , Keya, and how it can be improved. Proceedings of International camel symposium, June 7-11th 2010, in Garissa, Kenya, page23.

(34) Wanjohi G.M., Gitao C.G. and Bebora L.C. (2010): The prevalence of Brucella spp in camel milk marketed from North-Eastern province. Proceedings of International camel symposium, June 7-11th 2010, in Garissa, Kenya, page 83.

(33) Bebora L.C., Njagi L.W, Mbuthia P.G. and Kariuki D.I. (2008): Various manifestations of ovarian carcinoma, Mareks disease/Leucosis complex and Rhabdomyoma in chickens: Case reports. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2008.

(32) Bebora L.C., Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G. and Nyaga P.N. (2008): Importance of environmental hygiene in reducing bacterial load exposure to night-housed indigenous chickens. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2008.

(31) Karanja D.N., Ng’ang’a C.J., Ngatia T.A., Wabacha J.K and Bebora L.C.(2008): The pathogenic effects of gastrointestinal helminthes in Kenyan pigs. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2008

(30) Karanja D.N., Ngatia T.A., Wabacha J.K. and Bebora L.C. (2008): The sensitivity and specificity of clinical signs, post-mortem findings and isolation of Escherichia coli in diagnosing Edema disease of swine. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2008

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(29) Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Mwaniki G., Njagi L.W. and Mutune M. (2008): Histomoniasis and traumatic gastritis (hardware disease) in peacocks: Case reports. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2008

(28) Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Mwaniki G., Sourou S.Y., Njagi L.W. and Mutune M. (2008): Myopathy and parasitism in a guinea fowl: A case report. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2008

(27) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Michieka J.N. and Minga U.M (2008): Localisation of Newcastle disease viral nucleoprotein in the tissues of carrier ducks. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2008

(26) Bebora L.C,, Thaiya A.G., Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Ngatia T.A. and Nyaga P.N. (2006): A case of Newcastle disease in parrots: Could the parrots have been part of the sustainable chain of the virus for local/unvaccinated birds? Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2006.

(25) Bebora L.C. and Mbuthia P.G. (2006): Report on three rare poultry cases handled at the veterinary clinic, Kabete. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2006.

(24) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Mbuthia P.G., Michieka J.N., Bebora L.C., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2006): Factors associated with Newcastle disease occurrence in indigenous free-range chickens in Embu and Mbeere districts. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2006.

(23) Karanja D.N., Ngatia T.A., Wabacha J.K., Bebora L.C. and Kuria J.N. (2006): Postweaning diarrhea, meningitis and infertility are emerging threats to pig industry in Kenya. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2006.

(22) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Michieka J.N., Bebora L.C and Nyaga P.N. (2006): Preliminary study of Tetrameres species infestations in different age groups of village free-range chickens in Embu and Mbeere districts. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2006.

(21) Odongo M.O., Bebora L.C. and Njoroge G.S. (2004): Comparative evaluation of five Widal test kits used in Kenya for the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2004.

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(20) Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O. and Munene M.N. (2004): Isolation of enterotoxigenic E. coli from food-handlers in selected tourist-class hotels in Nairobi. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2004.

(19) Bebora L.C., Bii C.C. and Waitindi H.K. (2004): Pigeon-frequented areas, garbage piles and dog faeces as possible sources of Candida and Cryptococcus infections for humans and animals. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2004.

(18) Maina A.N., Mbuthia P.G., Ngatia T.A., Waruiru R.M. and Bebora L.C. (2004): Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria species and parasitic lungworm infection in marketed indigenous chickens. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2004.

(17) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Comparison between fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and culture method in the detection of Pasteurella multocida in organs of indigenous birds. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2004.

(16) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Ease of transmitting P. multocida between indigenous chickens and ducks through contact transmission. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2004.

(15) Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Macharia J.M., Mwaniki G., Njagi L.W. and Nyaga P.N. (2004): Appraisal of the village bird’s potential in egg production. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2004.

145) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2003): Clinical signs of fowl cholera in experimental immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed Kenyan indigenous chickens and ducks. Paper presented at Kenya Veterinary Association Scientific Conference in April 2003.

(13) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Comparison of carrier status of P. multocida between farm and live market indigenous birds. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2002.

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(12) Nyaga P.N., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Mlozi M.R.S., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Productivity of local scavenging ducks under village management conditions in Kenya. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2002.

(11) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Hatchability and fertility of indigenous chicken and duck eggs and some causes of chick and duckling mortality in Kenya. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2002.

(10) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Ngatia T.A., Munyua W.K., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Preliminary investigations on the carrier status of Pasteurella multocida in farmed and traded healthy scavenging indigenous chickens and ducks in Kenya. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 2002.

(9) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): A study of the effectiveness of seven disinfectants against possible bacterial contaminants of coops and premises inhabited by indigenous chickens and ducks. Paper presented at Kenya Veterinary Association Scientific Conference, 2002.

(8) Bebora L.C, Nyaga P.N, Njagi L.W, Mbuthia P.G, Mugera G.M, Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2002): Production status of indigenous chickens from peri-urban villages in Kenya. Paper presented at Annual scientific meeting of a poultry project held in Nairobi, in October, 2002

(7) Karanja M.W, Bebora L.C. and Mbugua P.N. (1998): Pathogenicity of E. coli isolated from normal healthy chicken. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 1998.

(6) Oundo J.O., Sang W.K., Yamamoto H., Saidi S., Bebora L.C., Mwangudza A. and Mukundi P.W. (1993): Plasmid-mediated multi-drug resistant enterobacteria isolated from infantile diarrhea in three districts of Kenya. Paper presented at KEMRI-KETRI Conference, 1993.

(5) Chai D.C., Bebora L.C. and Karaba W.W. (1990): Yersinia enterocolitica infection in vervet monkey. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific Conference held in Nairobi, 1990.

(4) Bebora L.C. and Nyaga P.N. (1989): Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella gallinarum isolates recovered from Kenya. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Vet. Medicine, University of Nairobi. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. Special issue, 1989, pp. 115-118.

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(3) Nyaga P.N. and Bebora L.C. (1988): Zoonotic human chlamydiosis of avian origin. Paper presented at Kenya Veterinary Association Scientific Conference, 1988.

(2) Bebora L.C. (1987): Chick morbidity and mortality. Paper presented at Kenya Veterinary Association Scientific Conference, 1987.

(1) Bebora L.C. (1986): Salmonellosis in poultry: the disease, its diagnosis and prevention. Paper presented at Kenya Veterinary Association Scientific Conference, 1986.

23. GENERAL ARTICLE WRITTEN

Bebora L.C. (2007): Hints on poultry keeping. Farmer’s journal July/August 2007, pp. 13-14.

24. BOOKS WRITTEN

(i) Published ones

(a) Wahome R.G, Mbugua P.G, Bebora L.C, Kogi-Makau W., Gathumbi P.K. and Shibairo S. (2012): A trainer’s manual on supervision of PhD training. Samic Quality Enterprises (Publishers). ISBN 99667127

(b) Wahome R.G, Mbugua P.G, Bebora L.C, Kogi-Makau W., Gathumbi P.K. and Shibairo S. (2012): Guidelines for PhD students. University of Nairobi, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences

(ii) Passed for publication by University Press

(a) Bebora L.C., Odongo M.O., Karaba W.W., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K.: Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory Manual for veterinary students

(b) Odongo M.O., Bebora L.C., Karaba W.W., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K.: Bacteriology and Mycology Handbook for veterinary students

(iii) Those ready for submission to University press

(a) Bebora L.C.: Poultry keeping: A complete book on management, nutrition and disease control

(iv)Those ready for publishing (not necessarily through University press)

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(a) Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Macharia J.M., Mwaniki G. and Nyaga P.N.: Show birds preparation and judging in Kenya.

(b) Co-authored with Profs. Wahome, Mbugua, Shibairo and Kogi-Makau

PhD student handbook, covering general information on expectations for a PhD student and experiences undergone by other students

(v) Those in preparation

(a) Bebora L.C.: A guide to poultry production.

(b) Bebora L.C., Odongo M.O., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K.: Notes on General Bacteriology

(vi) General book written

Bebora L.C.: Tribute to the Rev. Canon Samuel Levi.