LIGHTNING PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR DOD … · 2018-10-23 · Metallic masses within sideflash...
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“The views, opinions and findings contained in this report are
those of the authors(s) and should not be construed as an
official Department of the Army position, policy or decision,
unless so designated by other official documentation.”
U.S. Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville
Prepared by Jeff Denton
09 August 2018
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
REQUIREMENTS FOR DOD
AMMUNITION AND
EXPLOSIVES FACILITIES
1
Coulston_ ECM Assessment 2018 NDIA
Symposium_09 Aug 2018_.pptx
OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION
Case for Lightning Protection System (LPS) on
Ammunition and Explosives (AE) Facilities
DOD Criteria for LPS on AE Facilities
Lightning Protection Principles
Distinctive AE Requirementso Lightning protection systems
o Inspection and testing
o Records and training
Common Deficiencies of LPS Installations
File Name
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CASE FOR LPSs ON DOD AE FACILITIES
July 10, 1926, Lake Denmark Naval Ammunition Storage Depoto 600,000+ tons explosives
o 21 people killed
o About 200 buildings destroyed
o DDESB established in 1928
Lightning Incidents to International Arsenals and Storage Depots
“Properly Maintained LPSs are required for AE Facilities.” DOD
6055.09-M, V2.E4.1. DOD Ammunition and Explosives Safety
Manual.
File Name
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DOD CRITERIA FOR LPS ON AE FACILITIES
DOD 6055.09-M, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standardso Applicable to DOD Components
o Volume 2 contains electrical and LPS safety standards
o Selects NFPA 780 as the LPS criteria for AE facilities (V2.E4.1.)
NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection
Systemso Industry standard for lightning protection
o Chapter 4 – General requirements for ordinary facilities
o Chapter 8 – Protection of structures housing explosive materials
UFC 3-575-01, Lightning and Static Electricity Protection Systemso Not specific to AE facilities
o Applicable to DOD facilities, including AE
o Applies NFPA 780 as the LPS criteria
o Directs that a risk assessment per NFPA 780 be performed
o UL certificate required
o Air Force requires commercial third-party certificate
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DOD CRITERIA FOR LPS ON AE FACILITIES
DA PAM 385-64, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standardso Applicable to Army Components
o Section IV of Chapter 17 has LPS requirements
o Implements safety requirements of DOD 6055.09-M
AFM 91-201, Explosives Safety Standardso Applicable to Air Force Components
o Implements in full DOD 6055.09-M
AFI 32-1065, Grounding Systemso Applicable to Air Force Components
o Not specific to AE facilities. Attachment 5 specific to explosive facilities
o Implements maintenance requirements of DOD 6055.09-M
File Name
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DOD CRITERIA FOR LPS ON AE FACILITIES
NAVSEA OP 5, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Ashoreo Applicable to Dept. of Navy Components
o Distribution to U.S. Government agencies and contractors
DDESB TP 22, Lightning Protection for Explosives Facilitieso Guidance for installation and maintenance of LPS
o Provides clarification to DOD 6055.09-M and NFPA 780
o Authored by DDESB (Dr. Josephine Covino)
o Distribution to U.S. Government agencies and contractors
Non-DOD LPS Standards for Explosives Facilitieso DOE Manual 440.1-1A, Explosive Safety Manual
o NASA Standard 8719.12, Safety Standard for Explosives, Propellants, and
Pyrotechnics
File Name
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LIGHTNING PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
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No lightning protection system is 100% effective. It is an matter of
statistical probabilities and risk management.
Per NFPA 780, two design methods for protection against
lightning.o Roof types (cone of protection)
o Rolling Sphere Method (RSM)
RSM is widely used and required by:o DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E4.2
o NFPA 780, 8.2.1.
o DA PAM 385.64, 17-19.b.
o AFMAN 91-201. 5.23
o NAVSEA OP 5, 6-3.a.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
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RSM Principle: The attractive effect of the lightning rod is a
function of a striking distance (ds) that is determined by the
amplitude of the lightning current.
Lightning Strike Magnitudes
• 99% exceed 3,000 A
• 90% exceed 8,000 A
• 50% exceed 28,000 A
• 10% exceed 80,000 A
• 1% exceed 200,000 A(Per DDESB TP22)
r Ip
20m 3kA
30m 5.4kA
45m 10kA
61m 16kA
Striking Distance (ds) r = 10 Ip0.65
LIGHTNING PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
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Four Protection Levels (IEC 62305-3)
Level Min. Ip % Eff. RSM
I 3kA 99% 66 ft.
II 5.4kA 97% 100 ft.
III 10kA 91% 150 ft.
IV 16kA 84% 197 ft.
Example: LPS designed to LPL II is expected to
intercept all strikes with an amplitude current of
5.4kA or greater. Lightning strikes below 5.4kA may
bypass the protection system. So, a minimum
current level is selected to achieve the maximum
protection. Thus the more stringent requirements to
protect against smaller amplitude lightning strikes
than larger amplitude strikes.
DISTINCTIVE AE REQUIREMENTS
LPS
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LPS Requirement Principle Criteria Reference
100 ft. radius zone of protection DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E4.2.
NFPA 780, 8.2.1
DA PAM 385-64, 17-19.b.
AFMAN 91-201, 5.23.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-3.a.
Power / comm. installed in metallic conduit and run
underground 50 ft. before entering the facility
(Surge protection normally referenced within the
same section is very critical and a requirement for all
types of facilities with an LPS)
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E3.6.2.
DA PAM 385-64, 17-26.b.
AFMAN 91-201, 5.23.5.
AFI 32-1065, 15.1.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-7.2.
Above ground metallic utility lines bonded to the
structural steel of LPS at entrance to the facility
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E3.6.
DA PAM 385-64, 17-26.d.
AFMAN 91-201, 5.23.5.
AFI 32-1065, 15.2.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.3.3.
OH power line distances from AE facilities DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E3.5.
DA PAM 385-64, 8.13
DISTINCTIVE AE REQUIREMENTS
LPS
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LPS Requirement Principle Criteria Reference
Ground ring electrode NFPA 780, 8.4.1
DA PAM 385-64, 17-25.
AFI 32-1065, A4.1.15.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-5.1.
Ground ring electrode must be sized to Class II
material requirements
NFPA 780, 8.4.3
DA PAM 382-64, 17-25.
AFI 32-1065, A4.1.15.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-5.1.
Railroad tracks must be bonded to the LPS NFPA 780, 8.5.7
DA PAM 385-64, 17-22.f.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.3.1.
Metallic access doors and doorframes shall be
bonded to the ground ring
NFPA 780, 8.5.5.1
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.3.4.
Metallic fences must be grounded or bonded to
the ground ring electrode
NFPA 780, 8.8.1
DA PAM 385-64, 17-22.e.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.3.2.
Bonding techniques NFPA 780, 8.5.4
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.1.
LPS for earth covered magazines NFPA 780, 8.7.1
UFC 4-420-01, 3-8.6
DA PAM 385-64, 17-19.g.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-8.2.
DISTINCTIVE AE REQUIREMENTS
LPS
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LPS Requirement Principle Criteria Reference
LPS for wharves and piers NFPA 780, 8.7.2
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-8.2.3.1.
LPS inspection certificate by UL or
another third-party
UFC 3-575-01, 3-1
Air Force facilities with perimeters larger
than 300 ft. and structural steel not used
for air terminals must use a mast or
catenary type LPS
AFI 32-1065, 14.5.
Naval facilities implement a primary and
secondary ground system that must be
bonded together at two locations
NAVSEA OP 5, 5-5; 6-5.
DISTINCTIVE AE REQUIREMENTS
Inspection and Testing
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Criteria LPS Inspection or Test Intervals
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E4.3.1. Visual Inspection One year or per the DOD
Component and approved by
DDESB
D0D 6055.09-M, V2.E4.3.2. Electrical Tests Maximum every two years or
per the DOD Component and
approved by DDESB
NFPA 780, 8.10 Visual Inspection Seven months
NFPA 780, 8.10.6.3 Visual inspection of the
SPD
Seven months or after any
suspected lightning strike
NFPA 780, 8.10.7 Electrical tests 14 months
DA PAM 385-64, 17-28. Visual inspection 12 months
DA PAM 385-64, 17-28. Electrical tests Two years
DISTINCTIVE AE REQUIREMENTS
Inspection and Testing
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Criteria LPS Inspection or Tests Intervals
AFMAN 91-201
(per AFI 32-1065, Table 1)
Visual inspection 1-2 years as determined by
MAJCOM EE
AFMAN 91-201
(per AFI 32-1065, Table 1)
Visual inspection of SPD Six months and after a
lightning strike
AFMAN 91-201
(per AFI 32-1065, Table 1)
Electrical tests 24 months
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-9. Visual inspection 6 months
(100% of air terminal if
integral system)
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-9. Electrical tests 24 months
(20% of air terminals if
integral system)
DISTINCTIVE AE REQUIREMENTS
Records and Training
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Criteria Records and Training Duration
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E4.3.3. Records and test
measurements
Kept on file for at least six
inspection cycles
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E4.3.4. Establish training requirements
for LPS personnel
N/A
NFPA 780, 8.9 Develop maintenance and
inspection plan
N/A
NFPA 780, 8.10.7.7 Document records & test data
and available for inspection
Time period acceptable to
the AHJ
DA PAM 385-64, 17-29. Maintain inspection and test
reports
For the last six inspection
cycles
AFMAN 91-201, 5.24.3. Maintain records and test data For the last six inspection
cycles
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-9. Develop inspection and test
plan; training for personnel in
DOD LPS
N/A
COMMON DEFICIENCIES
File Name
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Common Deficiencies Principle Criteria Reference
SPDs not installed at the facility entrance and exit
of power, data and comm. conductors
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E3.6.1; E4.2.3.
UFC 3-575-01, 3-4
NFPA 780, 8.6
DA PAM 385-64, 17-26.a, b.
AFMAN 91-201, 5.23.5.
AFI 32-1065, 15.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-7.
Aboveground metallic utility lines and pipes not
bonded to the structural steel before entering the
facility, or run underground the last 50 ft.
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E3.6.1.
DA PAM 385-64, 17-26.d.
AFMAN 91-201, 5.23.5.
AFI 32-1065, 15.2.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.3.3.
Power, data and comm. lines not run underground
the last 50 ft. before entering the facility
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E3.5.1; 6.2.
DA PAM 385.64, 17-26.b.
AFMAN 91-201, 5.23.5
AFI 32-1065, 15.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-7.2.
Down conductors not secured every 3 ft. NFPA 780, 4.10
DA PAM 385-64, 17-19.e.
Down conductors not protected from physical
damage up to 6 ft. above grade
NFPA 780, 4.9.11
AFI 32-1065, A4.1.8.
Main conductors bends less than 90 degrees, or
have radius less than 8 in.
NFPA 780, 4.9.5
DA PAM 385-64, Table 17-4
AFI 32-1065, A4.1.5.
COMMON DEFICIENCIES
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Common Deficiencies Principle Criteria Reference
Metallic doors and doorframes not bonded to
the ground ring
NFPA 780, 8.5.5
DA PAM 385-64, 17-22.b.(2)
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.3.4.
Metallic masses within sideflash distance of an
LPS component not bonded to the LPS
NFPA 780, 8.5.2
DA PAM 385-64, 17-22.b.(1)
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.
Fences shall be grounded and bonded where
within 6 ft. of the AE facility, or within contact
distance
NFPA 780, 8.8.1
DA PAM 385-64, 17-22.e.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-6.3.2.
Air terminals exceeding 24 in. in height not
supplied with additional support
NFPA 780, 4.6.2.2.2
Electrical testing and visual inspection not
performed or reports not available
DOD 6055.0-M, V2.E4.3.
NFPA 780, 8.10
DA PAM 385-64, 17-28.
NAVSEA OP 5, 6-9.
UL or third-party certificate does not exist UFC 3-575-01, 3-1
OH electrical power lines too close to the AE
facility
DOD 6055.09-M, V2.E3.5.2.
DA PAM 385-64, 8-13 (Table 8-5)
COMMON DEFICIENCIES
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COMMON DEFICIENCIES
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Questions/Comments
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